PRESENTED BY

UTILIZATION OF SOLAR ENERGY TO DRIVE A DC

MOTOR

INTRODUCTION

SOLAR ENERGY IS NON CONVENTIONAL SOURCE OF ENERGY

TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY DIRECTLY FROM SUNLIGHT BY PHOTOVOLTAIC CONVERSION

SOLAR PANEL COMPRISES OF PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS

OUTPUT IS PROPORTIONAL TO AMOUNT OF ENEGY INCIDENT

OBJECTIVES

1. CONTROLLING2. GLOBAL USER INTERFACE 3. REDUCING HARDWARE

DESCRIPTION

CONTROLLING Variation in speed over a wide range is possible.

So, there is flexibility in controlling. The user can change the speed of DC motor to the desired speed depending upon the application.

GLOBAL USER INTERFACE Some products are designed in a closed loop

manner, which can only be understood by the manufacturers, others cannot easily understand it. If any problem occurs to those products, only manufacturer can rectify it, and they are designed to operate in only some specific areas in the world.

Global User Interface (GUI) and the process can be easily understood by other people if they know some basic concepts regarding microcontroller programming.

REDUCING THE HARDWARE All these operations can be performed using 555

timer. But it needs some extra components such as three comparators and some I/O ports. It increases the complexity of the hardware. So, in order to reduce the complexity of the hardware and increase the reliability of the system, we employed 8051 interfacing device.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

DC MOTOR

TACHO GENERATOR

MOSFET DRIVER

INTELLIGENT CHARGER

BATTERY

FEED BACK

SERIAL INTERFACE

LOGIC BOARD

KEYBOARD

MICRO CONTROLLER

PC

LCD DISPLAY

EEPROM

SOLAR PANEL

BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION

The electrical energy produced by the solar panel is stored in the battery through an intelligent charger, and this stored energy is used to drive the system.

This intelligent charger has two modes: Trickle charging modeBoost charging mode

The output of the battery is fed to dc motor through MOSFET driver, which acts as buffer amplifier. DC motor converts electrical energy to mechanical energy.

SOLAR ENERGY –AN OVERVIEW

Solar energy is quite simply the energy produced directly by the sun and collected elsewhere, normally the Earth. The sun creates its energy through a thermonuclear process that converts about 650,000,000 tons of hydrogen to helium every second.

Due to the nature of solar energy, two components are required to have a functional solar energy generator. These two components are a collector and a storage unit.

PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS

Solar cells are typically combined into modules that hold about 40 cells; about 10 of these modules are mounted in PV arrays that can measure up to several meters on a side.

About 10 to 20 PV arrays can provide enough power for a household; for large electric utility or industrial applications, hundreds of arrays can be interconnected to form a single, large PV system.

CHARGER SCHEMATIC

SPECIFICATIONS

Nominal battery voltage: 12VMaximum solar panel current: 6 AmpsMaximum load current: 6 Amps, more with

an external solid-state relayNighttime battery drain current:

approximately 10 micro-amps

CONTROLLER THEORIES

Charge controller theoryLow Voltage Disconnect TheoryAlignments

DC MOTOR

The direct current (DC) motor is one of the first machines devised to convert electrical power into mechanical power.

 The main parts of the DC motor are: 

1.Magnetic frame or yoke2.Pole cores and Pole shoes3.Field coils4.Armature core5.Armature windings6.Commutator7.Brushes

MOTOR SPEED CONTROL

Motor speed control; there are 3 methods 1.Armature voltage control method2.Field flux control3.Armature resistance control. N=k (V-IaRa)/(flux)By varying the duty ratio we can get variable

voltage.There are two methods to vary the duty ratio:Constant frequencyVariable frequency

MICROCONTROLLER

The pin configurations, and architecture for a 8051 micro controller is   Pin Configurations   Total pins : 40 Address pins : 16 Data pins : 8 Interrupt pins : 2 I/O pins : 32   Architecture   8-bit registers : 34 16-bit registers : 2 Stack size : 128 Internal ROM : 4K Internal RAM : 128 External memory : 128K Flags : 4 Timers : 2 Parallel port : 4 Serial port : 1

SOME HARDWARE DETAILS

SOLAR PANELTACHO ENCODER WHEEL

EEPROM

CONCLUSION

Finally I Like to conclude that by utilising solar energy conversion techniques the shortage of electricity problems can be overcome to some extent.In this course of study our paper“ Utilization of Solar Energy to drive a DC Motor and its speed control by Micro controller based PWM technique” is an attempt to study how to utilize solar energy for working of a DC motor and at the same time controlling its speed by PWM technique.

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