utilization of renewable diesel from crude tall oil in
TRANSCRIPT
Utilization of Renewable Diesel from Crude Tall Oil in Light Duty Vehicles
Ville Vauhkonen, UPM Biofuels B. Heuser, VKA,
B. Holderbaum FEV GmbH
3rd TMFB International Conference 2015, Aachen
| © UPM
UPM today
Sales 2014: EUR 10 billion
Personnel: 20,000
Shareholders: approx. 90,000
• Plywood and veneer products
UPM Plywood
• Label materials for product and information labelling
UPM Raflatac
• Magazine papers in Europe and the USA
• Newsprint and fine papers in Europe
UPM Paper ENA
• Fine papers in China and Asia Pacific
• Labelling materials globally
UPM Paper Asia
• Hydro-, nuclear- and condensing power (incl. shares in energy companies)
• Electricity production and trading
UPM Energy
• Pulp • Plantations • Biofuels • Sawmills • Wood sourcing
and Forestry
UPM Biorefining
UPM Biocomposites
UPM Biochemicals
Sales,
EURm
2014
EBITDA
%
UPM
Biorefining 1,937 19
UPM
Energy 464 46
UPM
Raflatac 1,248 9
UPM
Paper Asia 1,124 17
UPM
Paper ENA 5,284 7
UPM
Plywood 440 16
| © UPM
Wood raw material is the basis
of many different businesses at UPM
Bark and branches to
renewable diesel and
energy
Fibres to pulp
Extractives
to renewable diesel
or biochemicals
Logs for sawn goods
and plywood
Fibres to
biofibrils and
biocomposites
Ligning, cellulose or
hemicellulose
to biochemicals
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Starting point is the extractives
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UPM BIOFUELS – HYDROTREATED BIOFUELS
UPM invests in wood based renewable
diesel in Lappeenranta
• UPM invests 175 M€ in the world’s first advanced wood based biofuels production in South Eastern Finland, Lappeenranta
• Main product of the biorefinery is renewable diesel, UPM BioVerno
• Raw material is crude tall oil (CTO), which is used in a highly efficient hydrotreatment process
• Technology is based on UPM’s innovations and Biofore strategy inspired long-term development work
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UPM BIOFUELS – HYDROTREATED BIOFUELS
Raw material: Crude Tall Oil (CTO)
• Residue of chemical pulping process
• Yield 20−50 kg CTO/ton of pulp
• Global production now > 2 000 000 tons/a
- Additional CTO supply potential clearly above
demand globally
- Significant share burnt for energy
• Most of the raw material comes from Finnish pulp mills
• UPM Lappeenranta refinery minor addition
to total demand of crude tall oil
• More efficient use of wood without increasing logging
• UPM is tapping into underutilized lower grade CTO
streams
• UPM biorefinery minor addition to total demand,
no affect on demand-supply balance
Residue
No indirect land-use change
Outside food value chain
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UPM renewable diesel process
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| © UPM
Capturing synergies by full integration into
UPM Kaukas mill site in Lappeenranta,
Finland
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1
2
3
4
5
6
RESEARCH CENTRE
BIOREFINERY
SAW MILL
PAPER MILL
BIOMASS POWER PLANT
PULP MILL
1
3
4
5
6
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| © UPM
Engine Tests with Renewable Diesel
9 October 2014
| © UPM 3 von 6
Combustion chamber geometry derived from
PSA DV6.
Fuel injection system near to series
production.
Engine Hardware Engine Operating Points
Calibration parameters (intake pressure, inj.
Pressure, etc.) constant for all fuels.
CA50 is kept constant by adjusting SOE for all
fuels.
Ind
ica
te M
ea
n E
ffe
ctive
Pre
ssu
re /
ba
r
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Engine Speed / 1/min
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500
Engine Map Full load points Relevant Area NEDC Part load points
LP2: n = 1500 min-1, IMEP = 6.8 bar
LP3: n = 2280 min-1, IMEP = 9.4 bar
LP1: n = 1500 min-1, IMEP = 4.3 bar
LP4: n = 2400 min-1, IMEP = 14.8 bar
| © UPM
Test fuel properties
11 October 2014
Fuel characteristics Unit RF-06-03 CEC B30
UPM BioVerno
B100 UPM
BioVerno
Cetane Index - 52.7 57.4 69.3
Cetane Number - 51.6 55.2 >60
HFRR (60°C) µm 200 317 287*
Kin. viscosity
(40°C)
mm²/s 2.669 2.849 3.34
Flame point °C 67 64 73
Aromatic content % (m/m) 3.8 2.7 0.3
FAME content % (v/v) 0.1 0.1 >0.1
Sulphur mg/kg 6.7 <5 5.1
Oxidation Stability h 10.9 22.5 46.3
c/h/o % (m/m) 86.6/13.6 86/13.8 85.4/14.6
*with lubricity additive
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Almost no difference in combustion and emissions characteristics at low part
load operation with RF-06-03, B30 and B100!
n = 1500 1/min, IMEP = 4.3 bar, ISNOx = 0.2 g/kWh
n = 1500 min-1 ; IMEP = 4.3 bar ; w Pilot Injection ; CR = 15pRail = 720 bar ; pexhaust = 1.13 bar ; pintake = 1.07 bar ; Centre of Combustion = 6.6 °CA ATDC
RF-06-03 CEC B30 Bioverno B100 Bioverno
Bu
rnin
g R
ate
/ 1/°
KW
0.00
0.06
0.12
0.18
0.24
0.30
Grad Kurbelwinkel / °KW
160 170 180 190 200 210
Cyli
nd
er
Pre
ssu
re
/ b
ar
20
30
40
50
60
70
Cyli
nd
er
Tem
pera
ture
/ K
500
800
1100
1400
1700
2000
Grad Kurbelwinkel / °KW
160 170 180 190 200 210
Bu
rned
Mass F
racti
on
/ -
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Crank Angle Degree / °CA Crank Angle Degree / °CA
| © UPM
Almost no difference in combustion and emissions characteristics at low part
load operation with RF-06-03, B30 and B100!
Both the BioVerno blend and the
pure component behave very
similar to conventional reference
fuel
HC-emissions are slightly
reduced with B100 BioVerno due
to reduced ignition delay
n = 1500 1/min, IMEP = 4.3 bar, ISNOx = 0.2 g/kWh
RF-06-03
B30 BioVerno
B100 BioVernoIS
HC
/ g
/kW
h
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
CS
L /
dB
77
79
81
83
85
ISP
M /
mg
/kW
h
0.0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
ISC
O
/ g
/kW
h
0
4
8
12
16
Ind
ica
ted
Eff
icie
ncy
/ %
28
32
36
40
44
| © UPM
B30 and B100 show substantial benefits in PM-emissions at high part load
operation compared to RF-06-03!
n = 2400 1/min, IMEP = 14.8 bar, ISNOx = 0.8 g/kWh
n = 2400 min-1 ; IMEP = 14.8 bar ; w Pilot Injection ; CR = 15pRail = 1800 bar ; pexhaust = 2.8 bar ; pintake = 2.6 bar ; Centre of Combustion = 10.8 °CA ATDC
RF-06-03 CEC B30 Bioverno B100 Bioverno
Bu
rnin
g R
ate
/ 1/°
KW
0.00
0.06
0.12
0.18
0.24
0.30
Grad Kurbelwinkel / °KW
160 170 180 190 200 210
Cyli
nd
er
Pre
ssu
re
/ b
ar
0
30
60
90
120
150
Cyli
nd
er
Tem
pera
ture
/ K
500
800
1100
1400
1700
2000
Grad Kurbelwinkel / °KW
160 170 180 190 200 210
Bu
rned
Mass F
racti
on
/ -
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Crank Angle Degree / °CA Crank Angle Degree / °CA
| © UPM
B30 and B100 show substantial benefits in PM-emissions at high part load
operation compared to RF-06-03!
At high part load operation, the
fuel characteristics are less
important for ignition
Thus, the reduced aromatic
content with B30 and B100 is
beneficial in terms of soot
emissions!
n = 2400 1/min, IMEP = 14.8 bar, ISNOx = 0.8 g/kWh
RF-06-03
B30 BioVerno
B100 BioVernoIS
HC
/ g
/kW
h
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
CS
L /
dB
82
84
86
88
90
ISP
M /
g/k
Wh
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
ISC
O
/ g
/kW
h
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Ind
ica
ted
Eff
icie
ncy
/ %
36
38
40
42
44
| © UPM
Summary
• The UPM BioVerno renewable diesel is a high quality biomass based diesel component
• The physical and chemical characteristics of all tested fuels are very similar => renewable diesel: low aromatics, high cetane & low sulphur
• Engine performance of pure UPM BioVerno, UPM B30, and RF-06-03 are very similar
• The HC- and CO emissions and CSL were reduced throughout the investigations for pure BioVerno w.r.t. RF-06-03
• Tests are being continued with passenger vehicle tests (engine out/tail pipe) by the FEV & VKA
16 October 2014
| © UPM
WAIT!!! Thats not all…..!!!
17 October 2014
| © UPM
UPM BIOFUELS
UPM BioVerno – Renewable diesel
RENEWABLE
RAW MATERIAL
100 % CO2 EMISSIONS
(VS. FOSSIL FUEL)
–80 % COMPATIBLE WITH
DIESEL VEHICLES
100 %
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| © UPM
UPM BIOFUELS
Sustainably Produced Renewable Diesel
Drop-in hydrocarbon - comparable to fossil fuel
Already at the Finnish fuel stations from May 2015 as blending component
Compatible with fossil diesel EN590 standard quality
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