utilization based duty cycle tuning mac protocol for wireless sensor networks shih-hsien yang,...
DESCRIPTION
3 Introduction Wireless sensor network are formed by a great quantity of sensor nodes. Battery-powered and not recharge easily Prolong the lifetime of the nodes is an important issue. Lowering energy consumption may result in higher latencyTRANSCRIPT
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Utilization Based Duty Cycle Tuning MAC
Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks
Shih-Hsien Yang, Hung-Wei Tseng, Eric Hsiao-Kuang Wu, and Gen-Huey Chen
Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Global Telecommunications Conference, 2005. GLOBECOM '05. IEEE
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Outline Introduction Related Work U-MAC Design Simulation Conclusion
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Introduction Wireless sensor network are formed by
a great quantity of sensor nodes. Battery-powered and not recharge easily
Prolong the lifetime of the nodes is an important issue. Lowering energy consumption may result in
higher latency
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Related work-DSMAC
A
B
listen sleep listen
listensleep
listensleep listen
sleeplisten
(My queue is empty || avg delay < Dmin && duty cycle > 10%)
HalveHalve
20% 80%
10% 90%
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Related work-DSMAC
A
B
listen sleep listen
listen sleep
listensleep
listen
(0 < current energy consumption level < TE &&avg delay > Dmax && my duty cycle < 40%)
DoubleDouble
10% 90%
20% 80%
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U-MAC Design Several problems arise from the adoption of S-MAC
Uniform duty cycle Different tasks assign a fixed duty cycle
Latency:Sleep delay Idle listening after transmission
A node will keep idle listening until next frame after data transmission if ends inside the sleep period
DSMAC tunes duty cycle by doubling or halving According to delay and the emptiness of packet queue.
Source node: 0,1Sink : 3,4Intermediate node: 2
2
30
1 4
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U-MAC Design A. Various Duty Cycle B. Utilization Based Tuning of Duty Cycle C. Selective Sleeping After Transmission
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U-MAC Design-Various Duty Cycle
Each node can be assigned different periodically listen and sleep schedules
As in S-MAC Nodes exchange schedules and synchronize
clock with their neighbors with a fixed period Nodes receiving SYNC packets will not adopt the
same schedule from their neighbors
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U-MAC Design-Utilization Based Tuning of Duty Cycle Every nodes in a sensor network have their
own different traffic loads According to what tasks they take and locations
Sending node: compute the suffered sleep delay (d) during the current transmission, and attach d in the following data packets
Receiving node: extracts d from data packet and adds d to the total sleep delay D, and refresh the packet count
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U-MAC Design-Utilization Based Tuning of Duty Cycle
Sleep delayTotal delay
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Threshold of high traffic load
Upper limitof duty cycle
Threshold of low traffic load
Lower bound of duty cycle
Average sleep delay
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U-MAC Design-Utilization Based Tuning of Duty Cycle
A’
A
listen sleep listen
listen sleep
listensleep
listen
U >Uhigh and duty cycle < DCmax
Increase n%Increase n%
10% 90%
15% 85%
listen
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U-MAC Design-Utilization Based Tuning of Duty Cycle
A’
A
listen sleep listen
listensleep
listensleep listen
sleeplisten
U <Ulow and duty cycle > DCminand D <Dmax
Decrease n%Decrease n%
20% 80%
15%85%
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U-MAC Design-Selective Sleeping After Transmission
Idle listening after transmission
Idle: waste energy
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U-MAC Design-Selective Sleeping After Transmission
Selective Sleeping When transmission is finished, a node checks if it
is at scheduled sleep time It goes to sleep if it’s at scheduled sleep time
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Simulation NS-2 Initial duty cycle: 20% Bandwidth:20kbps Data packet size:400Bytes (10Bytes for SYNC,RTS,CTS)
Transmissionpower
Receiving power
Idlepower
Sleepingpower
24.75 mW24.75 mW 13.5 mW13.5 mW 13.5 mW13.5 mW 15 15 μWW
DCmax DCmin Uhigh Ulow Dmax
40%40% 10%10% 0.30.3 0.150.15 2 seconds2 seconds
± ± n% (2%)
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SimulationTopology 1
Energy consumption Latency
UMAC w/o SS:UMAC w/o SS:Without selective sleepWithout selective sleep
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SimulationTopology 1
The duty cycle for all nodes
node2
node4
Node 1
node3
node0
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Topology 2
Simulation
Energy consumption Latency
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Conclusion U-MAC balance between energy consumption
and latency Assign proper duty cycles for nodes with different
tasks and network locations U-MAC includes several schemes
Various duty cycle Utilization based tuning of duty cycles Selective sleeping after transmission
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