ussbs report 67, air operations in china, burma, india - world war ii

8/3/2019 USSBS Report 67, Air Operations in China, Burma, India - World War II

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/ussbs-report-67-air-operations-in-china-burma-india-world-war-ii 1/59

THE UNITED STATBS

STRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY

AIR OPERATIONS

IN

CHINA, BURMA, INDIA

WORLD WAR II



RESTRICT'ED

THE UNITED STATES

STRATEGIC BOMBING SURVEY .

AIR OPERATIONS

IN

CHINA, ~URMA, INDIA

WORLD WAR II

TLi s r epon W3(I wri.tt{'nlnil!lllril.r (o r the u se o f til e nitcd SlnLe:s Strotc~:jc

B omh in g 1 I1 "\ '( 'Yn th e pr~p!l!mliall o f fu rth er " p o.rtl~ o f 0; morecomprohellsivcnsture, Any condusialL~o ro p iu io ll s C : \" j) fc ssOOin (his report must booqnsitl-

I 'Nd as l imiled to th e ~pccifil l mawrinloovcred nnd a s sub jec L to (·uI,·thl,lr inter-pretation in t h o l ig l t~ o i fUrtller studles eond ueted by th e SlIn'O)i.

ii

•

FOREWORD

T ho L n il.( '( l lo.tl tMtcgic 'DombillS urvcy

va s ( '. t 'f lb l is h rd by tbo CNI!lry ,a f \ \1.ar on 3l l o \' l 'lObe r 194<1 ,p ursu on L to n d ir'c t iv . fro m tb oolt' J>.midI'ILL Rooot\wll. It, m i- ion WI\! to

ond 'uolrm impllrtioJ a nd ox-perl s tudy of th oB ( 'o ts o f o t ll '{ I :( 'r ia l u u ee k on Germnnr , to bIBN I. ineounectien w i t h air Ilhi\Ck~ 011 Japftnand0, { 'g lt lb li ~b u b l\ 8" is l or o\ 'r uu at in g t ho impor lul looUld po l t' I ILi! l li l i~8 of air pow!'r as a n i ns tl "u m l' n~

If military slratcg_)r, f O 'r I I hl ll ll in g nlll futureIc:wo.!apnlCnL of th e llite <1 '. l'a t I In ne d !O I'C ('llj

!ltd fo r d c tc l" m il li ng f u· lu l' (! s eo ne m ic IIolicil>S 1\ ilb

• p ( 'C t to th o nntionnl d c f i . ' I 1 S < ' . A 1 ! un l fl la r y reo

IOr l and some 200 S U PI )o rl in g r ep or ts C O lI l. oi ni ugh ll lind illb 'S of U HllJrvoy ill O cm lO uybflvo been

,uhlislwd,

01 \ Hi uguS '~ Hl45, P r es id e nL ~ r ul 1 lf m N.. '-

11Ics lcd thnt tho. lln'cy c on d uc ss s im i ln r s tu d) ,·IHIl' ('lIce! of 0 11 (.yp o f o Ir u H« ek iu lite wilrg ni m .t J !l pa n, subllliHing ri'por{s i n dU I ) li e 4t c _ to

h Sl'croI8~Y of" \ nr a nd ,to lUJ:! 'ctctl'lry of rh o: ONY . Tho o.fficersof the • u r v cy during H;!ItPOUCSO pllll:!! were:

F ra nk li n D 'O H cr , Ohairmal l .

P,itt! H.il~c.. }V1'C,t- hoirmen,H el lr y '. J ll {· x'l In de r,

lIarry L, Bowmen,

J. KQ nU o lh G n U)m il h,R c r n; is L i ke r t,

I'mllk i1.. McN.ome l ' , .Jr.,Fred &m r I J ' l " Jr.,~Iont'Ol! E. .pagbt,D r. L ow is R . T ho m ps ou ,'f)lcodoro P . Wr ig h t. , Diru/'fJr$.

Wnll.er Wild, .w·dary.

'file • 1 1 1 '1 ' 0, )" > 1 c om pl el ll C n! l, I ll "O l id c d (or 300

ci\ilion ,aso O!liCON, a nd 5 00 , en li st ed nU.'n.ThIl

miJjtfll')' Ml;men~of!hc' otganiy"otiol) was dl'llWl'!f rom. UU l Army 1 0 Ih . a .. 't tc n t o r '00 ' p t' ro cn t. a nd

rrom 1110N avy to ill.oll.'flcnt of 40 pereent, B oth

tbe Army and Illc _~·I!I~Ya\'olllo, urvey al l pas-si ble ussistenee j n (11"1 illhi n g m en , > !u pp li{ !S ,. 1nl .n5!-

port". and inronTIntion..Tbo urvey o,pt ' ratcd

(roll! h ea dq unrters ta blish ed ill Tokyorly in

, p l (!mb o r 1045, with u b- hM d qU il rt cl 'S in , " go ),! !,

OliRkn, .Hiroshimll,llnd Nsgll!l8ki, and 'v i .tb nlobi1etcam s opull.( ing in ollier pads ·o f .lllpan, HI e

Unndoi ~h(lrllci:fic, I ln ,llb c A . la lic m 6:in lM d.

Itwespossib le to reeen Inlet mudl. or wartim

Jnpnnc3 (l m j l il 6 lY plllnningand <l..'Ilft'uiioD,. cngsgll-mont by e:D] : : ,age : [Dl iD t, an d campi :HgD b) . ·eam .pa i : : n ,

and teseeure reasonnblY f1ec.um~ IIA1Uj on. Ja p an 's . c oonO !f 1 )' and war produclion. I Jl ll II l b y

] > 1 0 . 0 ( , and itldll~try by indll,5 lly . In addilion,

studies were condueteden .Inpan, 0\' 1' ·411 tra-

(!gic plana and tb b! ICkgn. l lmd o r her entry into

Hu ' Wllr, t h o w l en lM dlscussions en d negotintio-

1 0 ll di ng 1 0 11 1 1: 1'. i1 e c. ep hm c c o f u hc on di tio n!! .l s ur -

render, th o course · of bC ll il d! R nd 1 ll 0r nl oRm on.til Cli~iliftn . popula t ion, dl0 °lTcclivclI of th e

.JapRnese c j .' il il ll ) d o rc n .' -O 'organiz.tuioll , and tho

lIcel;; of tbe olomic bombs. pilnlll(J repor ts

lvill b e i ss ue d CO\'or ing , c a ch p l ll ! .S ( ! o f th cs tu Il'i ..

Ti l" .u n T O Y

inlorrog'lled morotbllo 70 0 JIlIul.ncscmi.lihUj ' , ,,.twcrnmcnl .. !l11(1indus1rial ofJidals.

It ulso r e t' o\ T c rc d I ! nd tm n s ll ll ~ j m l t n y d o c uD ie n ts

wh ich IlotOnl\' 11VI)boon u5('lu l to Ih e • urv l!Y ,

bu t i ll will furoisl'l d RI 4\'o lu nb lo fo r olher

9tudi.cs. . . :Urougomcll t$ h a ve boon m ade to bu!'!

over II I :UfVOY'S tiles to UI' e nt ra l I nl el li ~n c e

Group", tl ' rougllwlriclithll)" will be nv nihlblc .ror

runh r samination and di n il )l lt ion.

PREFACE

'TABLE or CONTE '1'

:j

6

1010

XX\,'. (;rn~ntI R~nn.i'l\lolICll ~_L I( fI1 ~ _

X X \ ' I . ( .' 11 .,, 11 . , h . .. O p o. 'I lI IL o" . . • _ •

XXV I I . I ! mm " 'I "Y• • \ I. O l " l' ra l lo n · , I I ) Or-Mmlx l r 19-13-1 JUM IINS

XXVII I. ned~pklymtn~ And H~~kmI JIIIIt I!l \1~ I Dtt l!'ml>e' 10;16.

X X I X . urumary 01 II AIr Ojll'nuloruo,

' fl d ll O . ll u r: m . . T l ~ !I . I' " i J*O! 'mbor 19-11-1 Dru-mix-. lrW • .

XXX.Oon~lu'lo"" . . _

.1Pl"I''''' ix . \. JBpa.o II ifaraf, ChI :med. Ik·. Lr oy M , B y .4.'1~......i.Com.

' ' ' 11" , , 1 (1 , ' 114 :1 -104~)

II. Jill"']]"'" Une. Of Oommunl_

lion IAMinl!" To BurmlO-19H'(5 .

C. ll0e0n'luesl 01 Burm . .. .. .

D. BpL!.Of Cb lm . . , ,\ir OI> "! ' II l lo""".S. Blbll~ph~·.,.

r......Two- I~t Oll<"M!U o r. . I n C'blo,:Staron T. Gcnrml.•

I I. TIm W at In C biM rr:ior T o jJk.

CTI"b". 1041••

I : II . .~~ A""" , rI~M :0.1IIIar:" : \ . 1 1 . . . 10 "In Cillo ••. _. -

1\'. Air Or:llll.llwlloD ,Iml Fo'_ •

v, ;\\ 'OA,,<lC;\TF .Ol"l 'r.tlt ion"

\ '1 . 1 ,o d ,L ie m L lm i Ll lt [c ) ,, ,, •

\I'll. C·OUlltU .....'t V on :! ' O p e . . II<I.""

V [n. SII'III "AIe Ai. OPl!l1Otlon.IX . _It 0", ,111 '10 '" A~I"'I T h~ J .p o-

,11~4':rmy _

X. I\Te Opt ' ' ' l ioD~ In Chin.. .

XI. XX noml>l'r Cornman"XU. T~nth j\lr f'o_ Opl!lel[OI,)"

Cllln!' _ - _ ....

Kill. Tbc Cllln(-t' Alt Po..,..

Xl\7. R..,."h~ or AIr ~r.llo". 1"

CIIII"1

) ; \ '. ( '. .oud ll 10. .. .. ..

j\lIp1!r"llx '\ .\.~·"url~nlfl ~\Ir FOm:! ~,1~moran·, dum, "O! '< ' t t . l lou! l l R'('po",,". 96

D B. Mill, BI F.tlD l~ 100

1'1." ThItC"-!'lum"",".", OBI '\irOpera ' lo"":~lloll I. COlli rlh"Ut>hor Air 1 " " ", ., . ..

II. '1.ItIllfi ....iee .. _

1(;

II

IS24

20

27

31 1

00

M

II

II

~s

nI L l I

10 1II

RESTRICTED

Part One

Am OPERATIO S I

ection I

OBJECTIVE

I. Obj~clitt.-Th(l objc cU " of Pa r~ OlIO of

this repor oro 0 follo\ \ 's:

(J. 'ro J)I 'C '$I 'n t R lacl~181rcl)o .r eo v ring nil'o p~ l'tI tio n in Ih I nd ia -B urm a th ea te r dur ing

"orld W ar n.b. 1'0 nna lyze I,he rc u l o f tla ai r O J' 'm Lion .c. To poin t out over-all con lribu tions of a ir

pow er to 1 11 d r 01 of til nemr .

d. To r cord the' lind orgnniZlllioTloi, tnc t i cnl ,

on d s tr a teg ica l eneepuon w h io h e m er ge d.tI. 1'001 'CI\' th e trend an d ig n p os t p oil lt in g

to I II I utu rc ,

2. Or{J(lrIimli(ftJ. oj mattriol.-Helnliv 1y innIUI$ I J ( > e 1 !written or is : g' n c r o l l y k1101,\ ' 111 '011( ' rning

tile w ar in B urm a . For I , h i reasen, it \ lIS 11-

s id er ed n ar y 10 . tab li h n bac kg round before

, . I ' u ing nlr epcrations (Hid results, .\C ordilJgly

the Dl8t( 'nnl is organ ized ill Ih f ol lo w in g g el le ra l, 'qu 1100:

a. D is eu ssio» o f the I is ·joll of I h e Iud ia -Bunuatheater,

b. B rief h i Lory o f th o g ro un d umpoigl lS .c, A ir orgllui?.ntioll o m l f or ce s.

tI. Groundorgllwzalion

a mi fore· .. '1 h eeter pro j! ' I '. T lli S(' tion ('lIl1l11cml

till' "pc cifl D im ' or tilt ' thel\ t( ' r II . th o) , w ere

d v el op ed d uri ng Ul • Y 1\ of th o w ar.

J. E9tobH bing a ir uporioriLy.This topic is

IIrn d th rough from 7 n e e mlw,lI ' 1{)41 until Y J-

£Illy und er eno ~cc lion for th e sako of onl'inn ity .

f J · • t ro te g i o il " e p er nt lo ns . 'Ih ' I p i lik wise

is rollow~llhrough to ti lt' c on clu io n 0.( the w nr

in on section of th r port, Ill! it WAS" o ll ti nu in gI,rognuil.

h, A ir d r n op n1tiOl!. T h i . 1 ' ; W lllc ' sim i-

lotiy do,!eIOlJcd (o l iowing t.h rough (h~ entire

c ou rse o f th WI r.

i. EIlO ,h h an tQ r pro j ~ and land '11Inpnign i

INDIA-BURMA

,t. n dil lCU I.parolely in l 'h r on o lo g iM l I o r de r ,

,Olle ec lion of tharoport o o i n s r d lW O too to eachprojl'('t.

j. A di ell ion of th cilmpwgJllI i'f ol lo we d b y

1 1 1 . ' ellan 11 ai r orJCratiol' U l o m o r : . - of r ults,um l conc lus ion . .

ection II

THEATBR MJ lOr, 1ND IA ·BURMA

J. ;atiollui '111f'TUI,-Th India-Burma (he.lllcr

\\'1lS be d v iled a rl_ \ ' io th e \\'a r by 'lt e d iv er se

n tiOllo.l in l r I of ,root B rita in and lho United-t4lt . A lm O ! 2 y urs of the WOI" h od pa sse d

b Iere 11 oncret p rog rnm ha d been 1IJ:n!ed upon.or til' I 'CI so n, th u tb ellier I l l i io n utili IJIltior

o]> el'8 tionni d ireetiv or worth o ns id n ll io n

b rore proooo.<iing (0 disci" sion o r opemt ions .TIl!' India-Burmu thea l" r m i ion 11'8, COHl·

pl i ntet! by l1 1 nou. ual 0\' rlopping of Brit' shan d American g g t'I lp hic ll l (Ll'C3 of re i lpon :; j b il i ty

lind th e diltnc( ' in no(iono l obj( '('li" in urh-I 'M! I .,ill oo d hina. 'I 'b s ph eI 'C o f th e L\.J1lt'ric8n

emmand WIl, designal' I R. tit hino-Burma-

In die th ea ter a nr] in clu ded I he g eo gra ph ic al o rc aof llt (h r e un tri . T h e primll~' AnlMcl lJ l

inte t wus 1 0 utiJite India 8' 11base fo r th ot8bli i ; hm nl r ir an d hllld routes ul> th e A er n

va lley und aeress northem Burlnll. in lo Y un na nProvince, hina-to utiliz India Il Il spring-

boord for forwllrding supplies (0 tho (01'Cti on -S ge d in fIg hling til Joplin' in hin . Th

p ri m ar y B r i. ti sh in t rest wOn:! the reeouqu ,t of

Durrno, th Fed rnl d ?hllay . tates lind inga-

pore, th o AII(LClmnn an d icobllr r IlUlds,umdcnI,lind Thniland. 1t, w . n~ til • ri o r iolemft-H O l l n l con fo r ne s betwn Pi 'id nt R o vo ltand Prim i\ lini t. . r ' hu rc hi ll fll this tliv rg nof mt()rcH!l Wi l e o m pro mis ed , \ 'o ntu olly p erm it-

ting 1111 n lr l" C C<ls ta t r n 11 1 o r th o 11l' io n o r II I

lnd in-l lurmn thellter.

RESTRlCTED

2. 'Put1tilmal dirr('/irn -.\ I' ru s I ! ~ jX 'n l~t io o ll l , I ir o tho 1\ ill d 3 1 ;r ~ · I h II I .It('T nil ron n ..

it W • lltw( ' lopetl \ lit h t he 1'1nlflgill~A\'p«1 of Iii"

To m ainl in ell rit \· Ohd pand Ih ira od la nd l'O ul • 1 0 hinft.·

To pllnici~I!.IC in nd Ipport o pN 'U l io f ul o f Ih e• ~(bra t. I omln.nd (Rer l 'Cnte.J ~rerno: Jab. dat;d 24 0 tober I 4). '

3. iIIi ;I)n dlUortrl iJ'1tIi 'fir Qjr -Th Id' r . .I'. oU(,rI~": 1\'. IIUllUtt('(]1'1 f ll U t ol em c m or til' o.lDnon or 1bl'-.HAlo'lind .tA}' unit . ] ,I ITDlInnn B b' . III nulll.-

. y c om uun th e diroetiv ' \led tothe AlIIi'd r om tna nd c r in h' f b.I II d '. Ie . \ ,F.A '

IlJn~" 81. If m'l' to tbe mffiondin. ' O E ' l l ' I

nulD- un n th I l' th t toll • e m ,b· . ' , Ol l 'mg a ir m ' .

're ta I h 'd lor lli(' liM A' D 11)1),

l nd il !- B un n : IT rore in

fl. CGnduct Diroperulil)nHo t bl'IIIill IIT ~lllH'riQrit" in I·n.l' B III"h !Iud main-

;r ula· unlU llU ll . rwllter F Dlld pro t I II . I con Igl l0Us

binR. It) IIr feny &'rvicc to

6. 'ondueL Jra lqri lIir 0 " .

h(,ld Il>rrilory 10 d to... ' . ~llItlOJl IO.I'IIf'lIW_, . , J . _ , "llllpmelll Id . •1(1) In I 10(olJov,;lIg ordtr 1 ' ) ( • .1 In 10110-

Pl' IOnly:

2

NIl \'1 I1 8ml merchnnt I' sri It' Ift........1-6~ '01

porlUnily. lAnding of the C lnpl ym litof a ir 'lOW r tis hi i

( 'olllntunicil t ions in ttl Uunlln , In il le " "" ~h!'Ute" slrnll 'g:y prohllbl,\' would IUI\ ' ( Iboon modi -m i ni ng o f . ('u IOIll'S of tOllllllUllicf llion. I ( 'd . Th i modif ic a t ion proh3hb' would han.gI l m I' a i r r er ee i ll S tl ll ll ll il 'l ll !l . .Jlm ino l I ~h · Burmn cAlnpniJrll1 \ whi b Wl'ro

l ~o rt ! l~ l lI d h i , > pin g ell ilitic>s. im('d ot Ih 1l1,IIlN or R Im 'oon , lind w ould bnv

D('pot; li ,dump. nnd erh r mililJ:ll1' n.I..... d iver t d Ih e l'lroll,lI' ai r l'1Tor'l 0 h inn , ,\ ir. . • u'''lnll!h..~ I I . )·1 I I' It ! \ 1 ( J ( lleililu'9 . ",,\\'l,r W'gfl n I \ {' war III ~ III n su xu'!:m n, o

c. ondu cL pho lo~ ra (l h i I' cOllnlli alld s up po rt in g r oh ·. O ( 'i )E :: rn ph y 1'111.181)0 (ol '\"l . .l

,Ii. iv m n,_ inm m llPP rt to th~ 10~1~'0 al l (wolut i II in. th e (, II , or w rfnre b('ill~ cl 'ln~110111>of th l-iorth rn Onil lal Arm 11(,1(1(1. Th e Ir nrm ,n1l.'l 'JI'ed 0 tb e ,}~mnl ' )

Fourloonlh Amw XV 10m

• oree; uPl}orh: ' l1 hy a ~ ro uu d o nl1 . to exploi the

) n 'l ril lio n g ro up ~. eng ~\1 I1 nt8g ~ .l-tllined by I l ir . . Th... uc :<rc vd il~ ~

I I' 'd ,'Ir t . . . . . IV> r 'I uen dcseribo Ihl' prcdoml l l l l I t i rol· .wh lch 811'e. ro I I ... 11 po r 01' u ir - . lO r n , II··.. I' r ltill r .

t . f< sed . t: -. .'" 1\'('1' P nved III lh U I In nt r"{nJ lIIa)"rnlll~IIO es II III O P O , r o ions, r n J Ihr(J(~~ projrd.. f . Dl.'Slroy J ! l P O I l C S O Im~!l of c o m l l lu n i a !

wililin Burmn..g, !'rol'id nil ' lift. [or uppli a nd (W6C '11 '

to nd within Burma,

I , . , I)pport, th e E n tern F lc cL in olfrnsi~e opta

tion ,

i. l' rovid ir lilt te deliver m a x in nn n s up p I.1 I (um6,,. IfJ41-8 ttllbrr J94Z.-AmeriM

find istenc to Ch inR , \\'1IB comm itted to I n d -l e as e I r) ( , ly 10 hinn illj, P r o \ T i d o noo~ar: .rintmI"Itldil1 flirti'l r o r 1 ) ) l April 1 9 4 1 , a nd th o tin st .len d-le It 0 4 . 1 were

of eommunlee i on fu nc ti on s. lended nl Ihmgoon fo r Im ll. I lilm lc o~ 0 \' r lh o

'I, E'rolufiofl oj fi r ai,. mi, ton. -H D IU I B unnA R ORd in the summer {thft f<'lI r. Itw asborn i n m in d th a it requir .12'.:'0'('81'1 o Sill iJlhis up rly ommitm~nt . te h inu w h i II ~Ii.

B ir 1J1 ' ion eoru:: isd~ and l imb Uw I ;QOjNl o f ~ IIln(cly. dlctnlcd Ih o m a j or m t er es t, (If til Am nean

finllltatemcnt. IV M prcdic aWd on nir OJ)lll ' lf ro~ ID D urnin, .

I v J l i c J I ba d b ( > 1 1 inif iotccl am i ha d g r o w n i l l • rh o .lnp. n h~nll , lhe c o n ~ l I ~t o f B :~ m ll l l ~

fi Id-which ha d been (0 d into 1 Ill' thinking4 D c JIll) r I I. 1 ,It ~ ~U1!,lo.)c<1 nppro.lIllllt I) .

0 1 1OOI lCC db.. .. I I th 100 .000 troop' trn I I ( ' t1 1 I l Jungle \ nrfo"" bused

bl ' I '1 " . r "_Ic Y g C O ~ r " ,I H f iY , , P lH ' lI . nne ~ . I i n T h o il nn d , l in d S U PI HJ rl cd b :' 111>proximll l ( ' lv 70 0J 0 81r power. I JlUI l~wm'-'llL \ 1 '1 .> • 1 '

r I t fl' , . I ' h ' lurp nnes, A t Iha l tune tb o .JSj)llllesc p&.':!• II 0 nn \'0 utlon8~ pro ( ' durlO g .,,·lIr , :J3 airdrern wirhin 00 mil , r UlIlIgOOIl.olr iIrill be am o Luo pnm l l ry fO I'C l-pn1 lllry I Th o . JI lP OUe sQ I cu oIT with 1I I'('r'rt' rlg)':~\'

~:II' !h'~npnbili yfor implcmcl l l l l l io l i I)r~ t lm J )U ig n . F .l ll p. lo yi ng 1M 'l le lr ll li on 1;lIdi' Iillion

taltr P~()Jtdd IH' IId.cd, t U ' 8 t , U I )( )n I ht ' ( ' .apt t! 1 8 tic s, Ih <'." c Ap tu red ~lcrgui nnrl T Il\'oy in0 1 lit . IU~ fo r • 8vml ah l I m d , S o l " nd , upod , J l 1 1 1 U a r y 11 ) '2 . From t h ('n O il, t be g ro ul ld .ihIR-

x~lollahOI1 by th ground force oHhc a dv anl tion ropidly d aleriornt d . ).Iolllm('in fell in F eb-

gflUted by 11 1 oir forees. runry UI42 IU ld U o nl ot OO I1 1 \ '8 \ 'o C II II lI lt I by th oIII o l'ld uo lin g Ih o r ol o o f n ir po wc r i t . > t JT( ' t~~ nr i i " for( '~ 7 ~rll II HI":! ! .

0Pt ' ratio nil lh ttllt'rn n of tI l mi~ioll J t l f n 2 1 :1 '" ,"nory l{l,12, n •• J' ))11 ',ilw II WIiS

above, i( m il L la o b( ' I m m b r \ - d Ih, f t l~ 11 III I ~llI lIIlInd in 1~1 lt!1 'II1 . n~lcd hit

~m l !'I' of II I Bunnn cnmpnigr Wllo pn;n .: Foro , 11I1l1l-Bllrnlli-lndUl. Ho IImvcd I tl K (I-

IIIIIK~ 01 1 u rloC G O pc rn l.iol . Tha i IliIt~ (>: ru ' hi 01 1 24 Ii" b ru or y n nd P I'I X ' c de d i ~l Im ( 'd il l. lt ly

(i phon Wil li 1lI01li6'd II ( h o ( " lImp l li g n pJ' i) !,"' " 10 hilln. On )0 ~ Inrch 1 oJ2, willie 0 n I'lll

mol ' (! rully nil in t Lt ig lilly Lo u li li 1 A ' n i r p O ' " .\1 xnnd r' B riti h ' 1 1 4 01 D iu I lro p. I em

t o l t~ om J ll j h th p ro dl lt cr :u iliO O p l" n, W I L1 rotr l)ILl , il lg I~orlh 101l'll~ ; \ Inn~nl(ly rrom HRlIgOOlI,

'1 h m 1 1 & : > 1 f ;_ th 01' .;..all ob' a t j" -Wtl~ 1I0t I)'IP. 0 flOI'll I ulW (lII, " ? l1 1 l T 1 l 1 l ly • I II ( 'olllmQllti of th o

f i o o . 1 r ad l ta o .. .. L J 1 d 8urll111 hin Fifth IJlld L~lb A rm l • m O "c cl d Ol\ 1\ tilII" '" . ...·('!llllil It' n 10- I~led c omm nd 1'8, tlrly ill 1042, tl (ul 11

ccrion III

SRI (l HISTORY OF THE GRO • 0

CAl\fPAIG S

toad tn II I t Ih ....lupnn . 'rho \ \1 1 1 1 1 1l ll r lO r t tnt

, 'v( 'nl, IU! it !'ry: I Ui7A'dII...."( 'n tunl lrnt~· \\illl

r pN 'L 1 0 nnnM ill 111 (1miJlt l~ I'If I 'nior e omman d ,

r:>l, II.. Q f C . 1 1 1'1 '1 \1 • lilw('n'" h in armie

took lip I d('fcn jw' po-hion n('nr Toul1~ ondI " uth r m sined in ti,t· \ ' i( ' init I' f ["n"hif l .

'r hl ' B M H sh . C n r . .. , , ('onsi.lillJi: o r 111('Fifljl Bu rma

I i\i1<ion, til .- vente nt h I)h-i,[ h nd II light

tllllk brig;lI lp, w ere lin b le to hal t t lw d ri ve r th ..Iupan lImlY northw nt and lik(,wi; • Ih

'h ine u rm y,,~ TOllngoo w badly r l e r l " l I l l ' 1 l .

O n 21 April 11)42, th e enemy !mUr i e l rort' rea ched

IA IIi1 ' 1 . Th verland upe 1'011 t into ·! . intl

ut off nd Ih rem nind r of d ill .\n~lo-

h i l l rcm~ under th e lcoadl 'n!bi" of G 'II m l

A la ."om .le r lind O rn( ' I ii1w ell tu rned lOll Iud

Ind in , hll'Uy bc8len.By May J. 2 h nemy h a d peu (rat t

Shill hwb'IlTI , nt the north "1 11 1of bl' Hukcul'lIg\'ulIo)' und 10. ump r a bum , IICllr~·1. Hl'rl II, III Ihl'

b of t Il t' H lm Jl Ia .,Y 1 'I M o un t ti ns, H 'n' the 11 my

IId"III1C(' t ppcd-nol bt'(' 0 r (·JT~lh' re-

si t( '1I1: but II r lit ' 1l10n.-iOOnW 111t~TIn at nr al b arr ie nnd ul,p ly lin d iffic lilti . By{h' "'Jlmpllign the . lap n. ;' t up 8 )lOft'llli 1

threat to Iudis Rn d ,,1'\' 1'1. ' (1h I lUIlO' or upply

h inD.

2. 3 tlbu 19#-16 Du J I l l ! r 1943. Tho

g round ~illIR tion in Bu nU ll r e rn a in l ,, 1 I'd 'i,""I~'

. tati for 2 ye rs roJlowin~ the Jnp n.. offeJ '\ .•

In til .\ ka n a nd Im ph a l ress both th e .lQ pan

l ind Briti sh fore, stab il ized th ·jr lin an d II

~ g ll jf iCB l lt o c t ion look pla ce . In n or lh ( 'r n B U l' ll tB

th ere w e , ..m all a llied g r u l chid1y i n e e nu ec t i c n

,,<itb liorn to ,I rt. lbe II!",cnm f t1l

l iI ,, 'c U H o a d .

Tn Oelolll'r IO~:! , GelloruJ ! iJ " ,\ 'I 1 c ( lmp l 'l e d

n tia tiolll w ilb 'h i ng - A i h k a nd LordW \" II for COl t"leli II of lhu Ild which" 10

be" r h i n m e. II I D ('C Cm b'r I -12, 'on; 1m Ii n

of Iht ' rond lellciing l'1I'IWIUd r r o m 1....-<10lx'g6n.

nf' Y l'8r luteT, ill D ee<'m oor 1 9-1 3, th e llill "I'll'OOp$ proe d ing in Mh· lit ( lb ! ' O f t d COII-

lruction r ('lilliI'd h iug b" ~ Ilng , ((he n r( h

end of i ll Ifnkll\ \"ug \ '811 y. :'0 air-lin m il . (rom

jlw t fling poild III lAldo . Tn tI (lloblll Wl l r ,. . .Me h

wru g l ' l 1 l ' 1 . ' < i 10 t h \, " I ) o; .~ 1 of b i g " jl('rl m lR nc " 01 1"

P""I(~. III th e t r I 'm'mlolf It rt \\' Ii IlIUII-dU.'d 0\' 'rlond to I't'ClIphll'l.' Ji O m il 'oC wrraill

in n 2'),(,01' ~K' l · iod. Howt'wr, (lllring til 0 :3 Y(' r..,

r'l 'inCol'f·I1I1'11.1 C o r Ih ' h in~ ' nlli~. ,\t'n: f lo ll n

hina 10 ImJill lind " ' , ' I \ ~ in Imilling for the I~C lli('.(l1 ndV'AI!(Il~(, \ \ , .hiol' I .Ih;y hlldll;~h' 'l'ill'l~lr 01 till nIl' lincef COlnlllunicuU' 1 f'T , .• •O . 1 :\fl'd lOIN 'I... .... . IO.1 l J ; . 9 '1110 "rOl) l) r. Thl' j 'UllnJ t 'lWm .t tO n f rom J..«lo 10

n .. .' n I" - I I ' . I:' I~ e nO lU y 1 1l1 lJ 1~ 1. \[yilk"viul! r.(IllJd no! . 1 1 1 1 \' .. , 1 l t '1 ' I 1 u( ,( , -On lpl i In '< leeend OlI lJor 0' I:no· I IlsluflQ· "": .. -'.' . '.. . .. a c roSg Ihe ' lI'llhoHt UI(' ollt ' . lu lrml, ~upplV ' nn d troo p movo-

Will Rw('r I II C C IJ I ril l Uunnn. 'II I hiR, ... l bynir lind !Ill' d("\'A Inlinp: 8ir 'l'AlUllllign

dl(>.rl!.I)[UI( '; :l ( l , Imd (1)( :1 flu ( p r o M O",~~~(,tliu~ lilt' ntll·.IlI!"l'. lull c lt'tnil of w hic h nl't'

OCC~ I PY l II g . r l~ d ,i ~, n S O ; i l . c O l ' p o l l t i l ! l l l r«l~lu. ~"cn i n. ' l l~ il )l I X V Ilcr<lil lollor.

lunng tho Dr.o: ;h nm I.n bilSO .O~ 1 1U ll ll ll l0 1 id " Al ClIIS!Hlllltrhl'. ( l ( \u~l ,u{ '>1lf. fimll 'l Il 1'!i)1!1tI 1111\'1 '

t im D e Jl g ll l- ;b :s am I 1H l ro nd 1 1 1 H I O K ol -. (Ir, h(o( 'n I(!rmlllflt d wllhouL I l f i : ( 'chng t h e e ut ee m e of_. III~I····· . U rn ,, !) . . •.

pur 'IIre:l:. . III ~us r o 11 :011 "1" (' 11 cut IUiI' wn I'''~1)lmg Ilo '''1 Illy 16 llf,('d t, ll~ ~hI'

. \. M~l .Iilr v a s C I ' i from \\ 'h.[cll Ollilln ro~ · Ja l) I! J! !. 'S (' c oI lQ ~: 'I 'h o e ap tu re ~r .\IYllkymn

suppll.oo would IHlI'o been IsolU'lcd tllid Bit '~orllc~ il low nllrlude ,Blimp ero. m g , IU~I,1 1)1'l).

.1 0 Cb lm~ \\ 'ottld hrnlC S (OP I lM . A ga in A il' . Illt'tl fIIrtnlll.qporL Illasrll'l~ b!l.ll('~,au d fin OI l head

I roop r(it~rOrellluclit by nil', a nd d (ura Ie". to Burma, I m l! ~ "a .f t o. . b~nll' . '1 O ~ I H! s o ut h, ~h eaUllck~ lhrcot('d !lJ,"ilin1'l~Il(' 11",,'1_'. ,'. JOlll ll !l '$O "'. 'r(' c l l S O . I g I I U l 1 . e .d,..dd '[II d nnd um.rll.1!;

I l nn il '$ t 'rmb Je d tllC !lll'rrollnd.t'<If:::'-;i~~~ n·,fti lC1 ronl ~. ~ ! lc ~l l~ ho rln go o f St ! J1P l il ' s f ind ha d 110 nil'

10 ho ld , D erM j WIlS (I<>:91,· t., I' " apo.b,h. t y , 'I 'here W.('W some wll.o Ild".0(,1I1cd Ih.1l1,..I .uml'( IIlto \l:' t I f ' . • . • I k r I t .• - ~ " . 1 • 1an d IIw vretorv wn s "I". l'~ '· I • . a l l~p. omt, n 0> LJ " . H .u l O ncW l . . w r r ol li ll .) O r~ alll

• ..C(JhC(J 1)\' grolIDd.· b " ·,'1 t ~.', .mandol'll!o fIle ItU , ! , . !lld ~U,·. ,"'1l1fCOlll ntouort. )(IUro\ lI lOwn, . . a ultnu('(; toIllld c om o . to tIl . I_ rJ I. I 11: lf .UII iU. rli h i.nn . Th ore w on ', h ow .' v er, o th er v.it'Vi'POi.nl ..,

. . lore;;CIIIl' otiC I JO S lc og O O ~ . .. hi "1- ned l' . II I I I·· ..O n 22 JUQ · . 1 9 < 1 4 ' . . . . . . . . o: r .w 101 govcmc(. 'lllt, .. H'ro l .lL IN>ll 6. c o r n -J m p b n l C..' II Jl ld"CtIO!, 1 \ fIlS J im d l ' O O I y , 'O f Ij Iromise b e t w e e n I lnliolllll i n t e r us, 'rhe nril ish

. ~I· T'hnrnson. I , '111 . . r . lInforcol'l l i. '.nttl flWtll'a:ntl'd, dM)Jorold<;" to NonllWfC llougooll( llld11 0.,1 . .., (lfltl Ib " . • I .' .. .

, • . -. .9 1 , OIJf .ccn ( ·1 .A r n 1; ,} · . ..lIS fr, m g o ,p or e, '[ '1 ,( , c n pt ur o o r R aug een w ouM 1111...0

I lu s li mo fOfWltl'd Im~lf ..I,. OIl If . " " . . I Ii . I tI • • •. .' ·.. V· · .It! OUCD1 'I , ' : ( ' . ~me lent', ('II). ('Jlods, 81n( '0 .....!!(!nrOri troop

" .o no m ·l 'e nt 1y . wi th the' tll"oopcrntiolls ~re. (,(Ifril'f ullits would 1.0 r,.]io\"od o f s up pl ti ns ::1 Z < l ( 1 .RIK>,vc, ) ' fQJO~ Gcncr ,d W i l l g n l o ' s lollf ' n:;B ritisll trooll3iu B Ul'm !!., , oond ,. c x t (' r uc io no f~elletl"ll!'on oJIcnSl\ '0 wll81nullcilcd, . B c t l1 ' .x r . d lilt' reoonqul\JlNI' I('rrillll,), 1 0 0 mil! 'S Muth of

~II~ lIndJ ,~lhof.~~U~l'ch H14IJ, two brig;ldcs of ).[yll~yinll ~1'oul.tll,crmil ~.oml)lcli~llof I.h (\ "Iilwoll

nlur" III~~lln DII"lO~l \\"01'0(1.011'11 into uorth-·~(oJld nul! 11!lm Itl\t'lo Jllnn,. 'rl~'rd,wrlll~I)OIl.

. u r~n, . O ~(lr 10 0 IIlllns .iulo .1.n(Jnn~ IIIg th cport. a t UIII11;oon, 1>O,>I lMy ~ I lP I )he ' ll . fo r

!Crnlor' .I ' : C o _ r 01 0 purpose of ciisfUIJlmg (Il)It'" h i~1 l could !ll1lr~ huck up the 0111.n:ailnnd rh'('J"'

I!O!lUJIUOIMtlonsnlld to nid ill H Ili ~nljueol oom~or lrom .Uong~u. t ll~~b MIlI lt IRl tl~· , sud

Nortll Uu r: l1 1 n. H C lH ', \' tActical IiiI' cooptflu L1lsll1o to lunD , I he lieel toll 10 \:nrry on 'II)

also tHt<llldcd , Ihis opcNl.tion. 'l'he rollnd f l ) l l ! R~ngoon WIl!lI(!I\{'hf'~I., . . . ...• ,

. I V . C I ' C I l ln dc d , n l J'u""lo c l· ·~ ".r~. ,I.. If: ~ "BrI'i!. IIfttr I ll( ' fnJlor "\I;nlkymA, Ih e fo.ltowllIJ:.· UII', " ''0 ~"m!-'9 ( Ins CII~,,: . "". . . d 1"··1 ". e· R· ...Vio r . III~d·f. 1Io\I!ringhc." m id ol'entunlly e O '« Ir o "o r~ ' 1' 11 8 ' lqICI! '" ..111l "I COO\llUlg n . lor' eugooll ,

~ I U! 1C ll o~ wilh "l1onl.1 S ti lw el l's f or ol »1 ,. 1 11 1 "0 "" u I> I> lI f I 1l r HIt....1 10. ~.nd "it hi" nil."'....__ 41)7. : l <1 ' l

, 1 0A . ' 8l 1 1 l g In , \ 11 1 ; ) ' 1 9 < 1 . , POlWnncl a!r lifted . _. _ __ •• _. • __ _ G !!. 7~1C ( '11em I ,n II'" ·.,1 'TOM !Jo'n" " d rO f> ll( '<1 - _ •. 0.5

),Iv" '. . I W e s Mm'll l l . t ; '11 f r om 1"" ,,0 • mb"J 1 1 0 " 1 ( ' 1 ' I1 I)W [I •• _ ••• _ 83.000• ~ I ";"1118 WilS Itlt tI . r oJ l~ . . . .p er io d c uln ' f ~C r lna Jor ilC I o n . t r i : ' A corn)lSnWn o f (Il l~ effort 11'ltll Ihl ' ulliUlotuni r , r i " Olll~~B ~"S' III th o capt!!!"o ~rMY '~ rond an d I ) ipo l i n c de . lh ·o r i 10 hilli' OOI'lSlilllt,,~horn I!d : foy 19H , A d V811CIIlg soul II foif OQ.(';Si!nlcnt of tile ~UlJ(hll* o f I h o ! lt rn l ~yI '( I~ ilIP ; 0 , ,1111111 ~\I'?, ll.lllOl"icJlIl-lr ilior o . , 11 8I h e s o lo hm g i Mo results of 1110ground o llm p oi gn -

"Oobl e I" /U 11t'. < 1 1 \' 1 l O ll S 8ud till.! .llllCl'II' !:Outll of Myitizyino, wen:.' th 8ur fnoo d( llh 'olri 10

1iI",1 , ' , 0 1 f or <: cs ( :\ ol cr ri ll 's ) .( i1 nl ud OM ). ~ h im ' ! . 'rho tottll ! I\ lr fn ('o d t'l iw .'r il '_ L o C ll il lo• I rro' d II I 1"1 ...I'll", IIuPPer A.!1&ln ' I rllggC(] - IIgn J lJ S &)r- Iil! 11'01'{'lIS fo' ow :

H1Jkll from n I Irmu nlHl m ( ) \ I e . 1 dowDt r . " '1'01"1b ~ r o. .. .d ( I nl ) lu d lu j { I I , _llthl 01 .110" ,~bj.1 Tko

Sin . !~Ig Vai l ! ' )" I ( , , ' t r i l l g UtO !lI'(lU for III ~ I hc I ft > oC h ·M ) • • _ _ • 161,700

kYil~ 1011 of ~I!o road tHl;!1 pill" lillo I.... fAr~]of:: Tolnl II) ' plllI) 1I11~_.- ';ll, aS b

sue . (011 ,j J\U[;'lIlll IOH, !hill camlilligd I'I' SUlfa" Itfl\nd I.. tlll._ ...... __ • 173, ~7

ully OO ll lp lQL ed w iL h I h e ctlptllre of ; ' 1 \ 1 '

from

I I Il Ij or o lT " Jl i vow hi eh 1\"Il" t o { o lI !) ·w,

:I, I ; ] l h t lP lW" 1948 I JlllI' 104/ i . -I S DI'(r('IU-

bt'r 1943 [ ou nd l il ll t' eve r-, ,11( 'b al lg o i n 11K 'gNlIlIIl

' ilmrtion "W('l ' <'1Il'b' 1~2. wltl'n HeIlN'AI ·,ilw.;lll

h 8d mtlldnll\71 ,Im i O ri l i .o l rfo rt '~ . 1 1 I 1 l 1 1 0 . -t s o II I I, .

With Ihl ' Ml'(' _.<f,,1 M u nl ~n g o f t he . .• J. pt l. n{ '~

"ITI'II h,c ill th e .\mkRII, ~Iel' ( 'h 1!J4"", rlllll'('~cu("

of II I bf i < . - g l ' l i I rnph61 fQn:~, -Iuue H I . .. .. . t lL lI I

r hecnptur of ~lyi.tI~yinfl, ~\'I!gl! t. 1044, Iltt' 11\1::

WAI'I , ', (o r II o om bi no o . .ml'(l .Q iJ l1 ;fOun ti o f fen iv10 e\ :p<>1 nil' . 1 1 1 0 ( ' 1 1 1 1 ' 1 froln Burmn. OrgulliM)~

I ional dlllllgl':S h " ,1 l w <' n ( 'o m r ,l l' lt 'd . .. .hieh ;till'" d .~ ·

oir ann unificd conunand and CO-f'qllol~hJtu:l will!!

I{ ' g round f o f(X "O , . \ . 1hn'e~prollg"d o(f·l'n"i\ '1" w

alB.l ' l .cd s il !:t ul ta no ou .l y, .. .act! f l roUg coJlSbting o rI I g ro un d litlily nnd 6 »equal a i rcompolLcn t, (' or h w it h 0 SlX'cific OIJj(!¢lh·l'.

'The fo rc es o f tit N or tl H~ l'n 'o m ll nt Arru om .

tlHlI!d, aC t 'I' 11 p cr io d o f o or ls olil itU ;O Il in I ht'

) "f y it ky il lf l a r ef l, I Il h'a nc cd f ro m I II I' l in j' ),,{~'i(k..l"

inn ).:[ogn.ung. It. Oeteber I.M4, 10 Ihl' linu : \ Ion-~, 'oi (IlOUUIO! La sh io] ) , IIndll I!'!)' hy l LI ' m i dd l

of 1fal'('h 19·15. Till>;Win, wa a n f l xp l (l il ~ ti o ll

o f n il ' S Il PP ~\ ' a nd ai r rombn\ (u"lion of tho 'l'enlJ.A ir ForCl ' an d opened th e o vc rllllld lI P!> I) , re ute

to hinn on 2 .Jonuory 19-1.j. The ~lIml ( \ 1 ' < ' 1 1 .

r OC8 jl l. ur el l W I I, - -I {, ll dl 'd for south of lh~ X l lm l . ••

kam " "l it 'S i nt o th ,'hon Hill~ ft (t ('urily

mlm II!'O to thcroali, pipe line IIrlll oirtil'lrl in twIll-liOUB.

" rho Fou rh . .. ,n t h Army. , (,olls~ling of !lit· Fourth

0r:p l1 n n d t h e T h ir ty . !l li nl · o rp : <, D r h 'a n ( '1'1 I frotllfhe Imphullu' l ' l ll0 RlIll,Il:OOIl by w oy ! ' I f Mond!lla:\ '.

Mojklijl l fllld· 1 1 1 0 roil\\ ' y (tnll Ii""r corr idors ,

Ilnil-ingal Pegu on I M ay I!I-{.j. Tht~ oporoliotlWllS nlle. ' lploilati.ou o f a ir ( 'o mb 3l o.( ' tion by 10( '

Tw o lllm~1 nn d 1'WCIl ly.1 i noI G ro up . l UI -',w. il h .Att ached .\m('ric81l o.i:r c om lm lu llI ts , D ud IIiI'

supply by th e ;L iP eomba. t cargo I&>k l or ee .

T Lo Fifle 'nih orp!'. in Il ,ri of l and IiInol

l lm plt ib io ll s o p t'r o t .io ns , loop.f~1 down tllr

.\ruktlu 001\81 f rom tho ~fau~tt low on'n, turollgh

. \. ky li b a nd H e m a re e, l'ntcring I lAn~.'oon on 2 ),rR_\,1045. \rilh 8 combined. I'lir lIntl f tl ll ph i l! io I I ' 0 1 )( '1 '1 1 '

I ion Ilplinsl w II iehlhol' l.) Willi, no (Il p o . s . i ti (I11, Til i,drive wo s paced by Hm Two Hu l ld l 'l 'd "lid Twenty.'fourth Group, R,U." w.ilh lI.tt8ched .AllulricallPir

<'ombat UJljl ..·• on d w'll~( 'Iarl.ia lly !llJ.pp.licd by Ule

comhal , . Cllrgo I ~k( ONe .Witl! tho e ap lu r(' o f Raugoon. Uri. li . hand Amor-

iconint 11 ! t ill !<Qu h . '8 t < \ A"io ugain .(_.ocnme

cndrdy dive' l , .>:OIlt. 'rho mujor Bnti It olijrcttl'c

\\'1\$ to I'I:CI'pttln' SiU~pofl" "h e . \ .mcnellilobj ctixo "'lUI t o e ~p lo il tho ' I ', ~i l iu g { [i r 8 1 11 1l aml

I'Otll' 10 hiM, !lll!inioill their ~'C urily a nti

MJ . .. .loy -'.mcrical! (1)'''''''' to Iun" 10 u isl in

om and Ci'nl ,.1 Burms, :rapsntsc fO l 'CL 'S s . . 'CI I I lt ' J . l. '

held tlU of B umm I ." ,a sl I IlI d south of th e ,¢lIlttal'C

ruwling rou"hly from )fnulijldol\" ill t!lt' Amknn ,

nordl\ l"C'SllIcro: : ; , : 0 1 ( · C1 l in H i l l s 10 K n l r m y . o ,I b r u c e nortll\\.llrd 1 1 1 1 'f h~ K a ba l l' Y 1 I l ' i o y , IIlonec.

~kirtillglbe XIlg :a H iH iii nordletll llu nu !lto .t h~

Ilorlh en d of Ih" J fukawng \"tlU~y. O n UIPir

ea:'(CFn H an k, ~ h( ' ,Jnpsn c I'\',,~ oPposl' (1 ol llv by

m~ ' !' II b ly eqUipped billl)S(' troop" blo cking I ho

~nll'tlncll fromth!) Xambk l l 1 l l "nllny into t ho p ro v -

m ee of ~UIlIi8iI! lind Iho I tlll K UllI ni ng air b aso ,

~rly In 1!.l44 .!ftj)llJlfS(' fotcf'S, I I 1 1 1 i r i p a l i n g lU I

.UI~l !(IIu!,d 01T ru " ' \' , 1lJllllcllt't1 IwO mll.jot uUocks

w lueh , . l.r suee ful. \I~IJld I U l v e woolanliaUr~ ulto o In t he I O $. 'S f I u d ,l .! l I S an e(f( ' tive o pe nl ( _m'" ~ end ~"Quld ImVIl diminnled l \ . "Sisl l ' lDce an d~pply to CbU18o\ '~ r tbo H um p. .

• T he fil'St of t ll ('$( '. Ja jMnl 'Se ( lr il ' IJ( 'gO.II OIL . .

F eb ru ar y 1 94 .; ; o ll d. \'Ill ! lim t' tl ' o t ox' n ··d til j) . . ... .. uzoarline orl of l uU a l, ,, ,n g: i n I ho A rn Jm n . T h "

tdCll:Jllpan~ .!lU81'~ ~fI.d IH'nct'l'luioll isolBt.'IJIll. • \ 011.h JaWlIll D 1I'!Slon n~a·· n · 1...'.1. ft . , ~. .•. r 11 ultOungeuu~ ~ !l1I1!uill 1111('1;f S l Ippl ; r. 'l'ntdiiiol U :~r Bnt"'ll Im d r ·!m nled ... ..cn fllced w ~th ~ . ~( 'l fCUDU!lane . ,. \fithd (. f .'. I . "uehaU thc, ..~\\~. rom mgnpo rc all,]•. " :'" 'Ill to !Inri lIldudmg Mc"'" ' T ...

: \i ? l! o nem , R a n g oo ll , Tal ln '00 " , .. •• ~ .• I ._ lh~; \,

! . tyro8 l uu l . fo ll ow ed t b( ' s a! :' I A< JI IO , n ll d) ,i (F lt ~ulllli-l "" in l ' 1 ' 1 1 0 ; . > llattoNl, 110\ \ ' (1 \ [ (11 '

, ;,.w. rur OOlnJnllnucrs W', • . • '

rOI1\ 'mclDg 111(10 Brili , ' I'·, . (~.Ue( ' ful III•. ,\", l" [. d ia ;,' II I ( 'l )mm a n d I I' II ! I n

( '11 I nll DW lilor . • II I' -. ..)

ai r if Ibey would s tA n d· ' . I O O ,. u .1 !)C m.&I.l l tniIlCd b)''. . g ra · It'rU ton .. t . . 'mg tbe Il~l few wec',,-th·' "'rent.. J)llr~

d· lUi,. C l' c . w ~ o E In .

mllJ) ~11' i '4'I'n! tllny ju liliN! a.... II I'Ilrcom_

1 ' \ '0r: l lmll~d.~cnbroughLIOBII~1I1J lie,\\' t Y l l C ! ofIn.dllli DI\ 'IOJI W&~ UIJnl'~.' - 1' T h o . .. \ rl. 'n lhJ'a · . .. , . 1 " " , SO c l , . Ii . .' . j l8 l1 C :S e lroo{a inl'e!U in It,. ." ..~ ftJr, "lJd~ tta ek ed I " !lir. T h o ;cm t i~ •were henvilyIn n ot o nl y llolding i l < ! . " .1DI"~lon "I lc~edon I bo Jap ao e .< l l' w ' - . ground, I_ , ',I(. mllic4-d de l . . .. ,

. . . . I l ' l lO n s c o r u m H I'\I , ..~:~. r By lhe e n c l of M o f C h 194~ II ~~ ! lIn cam.>1. ,on:cs hlld hlm~tI n ... : "e .....e agu c «dd.etlS!I'O l ' io t .ory · 1 11 \ " .pot~nlutl IItf lI t:hlr uWorn g(o!l '1 'l . I 1 l , . w , 0'"rom IJii t ime fo.~~ I· Y o.lIlhe olre"" '

,n"Ol'{ ~oJl:p lo ir ... .IV"4 . mg HH l 1 1 0 1 1 '

upc IIiItS' :1 ~"I IH1fl 011 tho h i 1111 t'on ~t, on~

'1"l'nllr , Illr illh'W'llh>d .\ .\F IUfo' l'9"h.rn~lr( ' .oHml l l ll l l, b l ! \ il!lt !It'f'\'rrI i l < :. p u r p O - ; ;O ' , \\ r 1 !l > 1 ~h~.

Iwndoo (III I JUIIl' 1il"1';, A. .F and I{;\F orpmw-

ti~ll~ n' tumilljZ' 10 llil'OJl('nlliolllll ( ,( !l ll ro I , of . A A I t '

end R.U·' bf'llliquert.,I'S, rn:<pt'Ctil"cly,

.eaioo IV

A I R ORGA .i . IZ AT lO A iD FO RC ES

L 6, ,(rol.-Bdol\' prot<'ooing with R dctnill'l.JtUl1Ilysi9 of Ai r (lJll.'n\lion~.it inCCt" '." ll I ')·!hl li semdiseu sion Ik' ,Ii,\- rt ,I I 10 Lhl ' orgH:tlWltion su d

I r c Jl ! ." i .h of IIll' .\llit't1 air fottl1'S ill India·Burmaan d dU' i r l'II"lAliolll'lhip to t ho v a ri eu s oollclons orI t. a l l'r e omm e n d.

2, 'I DrtI'rrrbtr 1941-8 Qdobv 1 9 ,f , 2. - "\ V hc D l IU l

Wit!" ~n. "fa j. Gen L•.If.UI' l. ' ro lon was c ommand .ing Ih 0 . \1 1 1c r ia l n } t' Rr F .a .~ 1A ir F o tt (l w il b h ea d -

quol'h'n;: at : \[a n i l ll , -,Vter 1110d c ftm t s su f re r c d

in th e Philipp in." an d ·,JilvO, Gene.ral nn-r1o~

rd inqlJi~hcd lti;l.o om m an d' o f the F ill' E liS L A ir

Fol'I'"P find d pp '3 rt «i J M'I I {or Ind ia . O n .; M arch

t G -J 2 , h t'. esta b l i . - h e - d h ('4 dquarters, L " n i«1 Itllell

. ' l.rmy Air F o~, fnd ia .•. !3uMlla,8l Delhi. H is•~mmand con~t~ of Ih'c B-lis an d c ne LB-3o," " J Ib I I ll " t'nlll1' 1 \ ' 1 \ 1 ( 1 ' 1 1 h o d . f lol I 'J I t he a it tm ft ( .-"8\"1I . .rom

By I fw ... 1U 1 ,o f ),brch 1942, I ' t 'mnl lntsor 1 - 1 1vonth lIra\'}' B b nI ' -.e. -.. - .. ' . oro a rJlcnt GrouPllndlhe

F llty .fil'S t fig h ter G roup h a d been ' .'1 1 1111\ i l h i . " the Arm..l". I\ir F or I ' _ d ~ m B · . · 1 1 1 . 0 0. . , .n I I· .C"('g, nln-. urmo.lPll 1'1 ', 1_I'!\ weN I· i i officors.nd 302~ .

m "n ffj· llippcd w ilb ; B - ~ .. _ .'J (l l lhste{jP _Ib, 1'5',1 LB-3O, ond 10

Hr'Hlqullr~n;, Tenth A ir Fo, .'.a l H II 11 <' 'SOII J< ',jc ld01' . F ree, \\ 3~ BC.hvl l l d

, . .., no, 12 rlmlO!'V m 4 " IBm~,.-d in Indin 17 ;'I[6Y J~2..· ._, fllU

A l l " fGTO Il 0 1 ll '4 ni Zl Il io fJ s u ff I{'hang. in U n' Il(Im in m e~· a , mulli ludo of

bllild.up of .;\Jorri-ng. ,onths, ~ueu1ellt! l1 1 .0 Ul e

". . 'Q. fllr J )Olw r In Inl" n -It 1\"" n,'. ~8l"'i'(. '-1 J ' '- , . \ Ill· urnln

, • J ....,} I~[I 1111lilt • '.maor i orld Ilt ., IiCrvlCO e om •. _- nUlling A 1 1 1 I"f't 'rpl".K .am~"j , ~\iIhl' -amI ' l~.. . . IOlle~nl{ '1' atr I t r . . 11l ll ', 1I1f! Jap91.IIt"'! tJ 1101' ,Il Burl1la 1 1 1 1 1 1 '1!itUl' .- .', 1t'Ul ron.Impelm',lo !II' ttnll'lPOrt q • .•. V I O l l l l l o n addl 'd

8 1 1d ~ JUl ia , .TIII ' f 'Ornpl~~ rot ll )~~ IJc~w~~n Jndia

, the IIlr ro~· 10 ' h iml 1 1 1 1 1 1 1~~I~(lrulllP I J o ( ' t W ( > l ' h

Ollt' thi! drp.' l1d"no" o r tit, ~ AII' f t) n: o i u bulill

II .L ;o req.·."irl'd off('eniZftli" 1·l )nn~ron th" Illtb'rlif) I h· . fm u lilA,. 0. 1 11 1 ,. U IJ: j: ;'f'~ Ill... l O o k I. .'I.' ·f1(uui'I';lI.

P IIX' b r < ' 8 u " f ' of tI6 . Ie ! \'ory

grodual rf'uli7..fl.tioll oCtllo Plill" 'or!', . I lOllS t

Ai r UPI}h' to luna w ould d o\' I 'o~. . . . '. , .: ',. . H I tl' k ' .. 0 o)l·Gll)lJr~ ·""llIIw(.lll WOB III, IIUI)tl'fllO

c

J \nU 'r l( ! 61 1 c o um l r ll u Jo r1Il8~f 01"l1\\QI~ .$1. . UnJ1Ig. III g O n ~r al I It Ill' both h ll" " of th e H um p. 1 ·1 .,W(WIir , 1 1 1 1 . :

rO~(!lIlg a lnm l h no o ,~~ J) ~m ulliC 81 io n8 lJn e~ ~ \!rn t-l'g ic lind t~ ( l l j e l ll ? i rOl ) l' r fl l io~ , . on t hp 'hiM

Bllnllfl. R nd w ere (h vo rlm g f'QS(lIll'cCliI . . ~1I10IIlldon UI(l· [udlll~nmm(l !11th Ilchloll)':ro-

Air ! ' 01I1J l l~ndcn, l~~ ' ( !roI .h i l lkil l~ in l ,?ml&~ ·'l loinl".I.par~lc' nnddletinct . i n . p l a nn ing and inm h ' l l I lC nil' bo.oos : o n c l mcr( , l lsmg 0 1 1 ' tl"UI 1 J 1 ~ >xl 'cuuon. 'I here wn.~1 vast . h ae J lC r tc c bc twe n

nircombliL of!"lmhons. 1Spo1t~ 11 0 LytIC of nir wllr uilllblo to t h e c o ll d it io l ls Dud

o~probcns ionor lilt' h~lPorlallceol.. · !l I) I'i Ji li ti es il l, . .hinu !l1111th!ltYI~~~lir\\:.8rslJit~lhlo

opc ra t lOl I>! l il ld well cl') ' i i l-allw~d IlIno~ a. lI. . . th?coud.l l lons: . and coplJlllht!ts In ~W'illU.

~na::l1dors by June to"~ when Gen. C. ~. I t .wrlle ul.r \\:or.m hum .w as to bOC"i lr i l~ tc r l~ .cd . by.III CJIIl't:0 oIToll th AII ' Forcctnc(iMI ~':1 laotloo! till' fO.I'CQ$lIlglc hundedl) ' flgbtmg U~l

\ \ '~$~d\ ' lSCd byO~Il . E.l,. a i el " l) thn t ; :J:I1_IP '1I(,1~.'fll lr ror~(l,und iI grouud. c u :m y .. 'fIll. tI~rnussron was to "m su.ro I.he IInil t.· • PnIti,wnr III nu rmu \I·Db lo v cc bo rn ct en i! .c d b y nil 1m

l io ns o ( I II . AS S il m ~D m ll la .< I JI l~ n- ~ft ~d . o p a - C o r · c o~ oop e rl lt in g w i th fl g ro un d ,a rm ? ' \ \" bic ~ lo o u ! d

m and," F 'ron· '. .). ·I·~ t ' ,me C · o - .. I . ." -,,.rI'} C '~I'IOIL (he· iLl.I\,lllltOgC. nu d v le te rie s g ll uw d lD--- ., ." ,1I." ·,rWtll'{ /1·· chi . r , _ . • .. • . •

air> orgnnizatioll took cog " . ' .. , . r r " . : , lu) u tr . G l.- og rR pb y a nd spaee w ro other fllclo.J'Spr.im a lj m issie III~Bncc or Ibu l Iwbich dict-lt loo l!Jat thceir opernlions ill lndiu ... 11 .. ., - II.. .. •••.. Ourm n end in l im a w o ul d. b e s cp an r.( · ( !n (i li es .

. o r rn .o l io n 0.1. h u I n d I O iI-if rll~k F o l " ( l ( l !l". .. 8 0"· C ob 19:·L"/· D ·· ~... /9 l8 G0 0 1 91 '" . . I I - . . , , , , , , , , , t"Q" ,,-- () . u; mQ tr . ,,-0. tIl;..

. ~ .. " "', co m)) o t( '( I· he . I~ ~ic o ~lln i" za liO !l& l.~ fa l,-D urillg th is p ~rio (l R A P a nd A .A h' a ir unitsv e ?pUlontond ?,roll'fh of tillS p c , n o d . 'l'hoo!p'wero under ~Cpllnlt(' npera tlona l c om m and s. A ir

ZfttlllJl at . tha t t l m o Was as {ollol\"$: op crnliolls w ere c oord ln etc d oulytbroug h th o

mUlual agrcemcut ·of UJ( , e em mende r s eeneemed.

' 0 - - 1 : ( 1 1 1 8 1 sta tu . of tho nir R n d g round a rm ha dno t yet be m r~ognizcd .b, n/lF',-Duri.ng th ll! : t l"MWr port o r Illis perlod

I lAF ncthri li{'s were controlled by th o Dlmgol

Hi r comnmad, wilh h(,lld<!ullr1('n;. Ilt ·omillll.

I)lIri~ t li o p er io d , nAF~irerorL slrQus:;tll WI\"~inoreascclt() a peak Ic \'c l-! J,G99 uir erdt of all

. ' rh o hH l1 8 A ir ' )' as k liorc o W (lS oonlp()Sl)fl 01 ~ LYIIC! j , . OfthesC, I I II ~Q xilll~ m o f only 532 wore

\lcnlll Bomb Group (hcilvy) , with f('lIIr ::q)ltOOOIllIlIW~~ t? ,OI'~II!Olll>I,!1 nUnl!l) ;. ( !! ~d e ~~

~llSi (b" TJlrco Hundred and 111orQi'-fi.rst lkl' DO~ lgu l . 1 rl l ,uung !llSlallt'ltIGIIl.i., of llldl!lU .~Ir

Group (m ed i um ) , w it h t hr ee s qu fl fi ro ns !; 81 l d I ' ~m l ls .o , 11t ln l l· gurr. l , ;Qns. th ro~ ,ghoul- 11.11 Iudm,sqnlld.!rolls of t l. l( ) F I ~ r t. f l : " ' ' _ " ~.I . G · ro mcludmg 1.110uor .t!.,\\·(,gl frOJIIH'f, QCC()untcd for

. , _ .I r, } '- .l J "S ". . , 'gn cr ]. u P '" I -II·' I , . .w. OS OIIIl lM:nd prim "··l·· . '~I.I I . " , r II . ,lue )tuDue ·W.UC I W,'l"' no t m O O l ' l ' n oom'llllt .f . 'e > ; . ' "f1 Y WI:,. I . Ie u(lJcn:sa 0 .. !If LV-"~rly Il()n']Ce ov r Dllnna:fA binZl. emf had ' • p. ., . .' ., .. _Oltemft of aJIL. . . ,- - ... ,6.A1 F,-).(fllor tu\.lo'orgilluzaIlOllfll <,hRIIg('. of1'.'0.. . Ypcs assigned .. .. ... tltv.p no d WON as faU ow :

< 1 0 . hmlt A· 'r · k , . . . , . - ~ . . . . . .A fi .h · :.. . II: _ as .Li.orc ~. w as CODl~~I. ' D t:oom Lcr H M2: 'fb e ln ~li( l~ hill8 wil'" of... g .(II iUOUfld ... . d · · . d ' b · ·b a rd lD " '.. .., .S (lu ad ro n;: ..• ro~IS on. I m C lUm , om . .1'1' WR nctwolcd at 'h a lm a , A. ..!Itllll,. tlllll tookTIT ~d h ft~1 {I . OIrcfUf.L of a ll ~ y p( '9 S! , ; ::;ovor lIm np o prrn l i()ll~. 'l'hiR r el io v cd l he 'I \. 'U I h

! l S $ i ~e d : n l J l Air ] "o rc O . .1hUII~lUd J9~ IIlI fJ A ir : ' ; : 0 1 ' 0 0 . or . lX '!>pOII. .~ihil i l~· f o .r ~ ho do\'clollHlent ofde.fc~ Q.t. IIU lcndo f 11m . l l l ' l ' lOd. IWfIl181~ .• II ml~JorlllJ" h!l~ , r : l I !dpI 'r I lul l! ' d l t tOOOJll'{l1l1 rflh' 91 1op e f I h ~ H mnprouto om l for h l)1 'P ' la otlca lopcrollolls.'l~tl~Oll$ a g ain t .1 1l !) 'lIon\y. . : ~ 1 0 M u rc h 1 I) 4: ~:T h( ' I "o ur tc ~n th i~ ir l'on- Wil

19421t"\~o~1l1Tenth ~1.ir Foreo III. rcngth ! I I O t - I " uci i \ .o . tml f~JIl alll ' IJin~ A ir 'i'usk li 'ol' \ lQ, ?lId!l,a 1 1 IllsI,012 Q i h C {J 1" I> l i n d , , :~ 6 . (,lIhSh~l~ becrlllluOIl UI( l cp -f ludol l l. OI r oonm~l lnd , r c spons ,b l l '

'

.1 l o t . " ! . it '.l'iU be nololl t il 11. 01 i l l ll~ l iffI . ' 10 th o . l b c D W . 'I. c.onul1i1:lId.l.r..·Irtp \11· I" • (or" J".. -1 - 1~ Il'

,o f . II Of!V' 0110!Ur force h"ndquilrt~n;, '. 2D 'lI.!'Y 1(1 '13: J C!\ :{tqIlRrt ,~ AA." _-. ~ :" ' 1 )101 ' ,' , .. • . : 1 3. . 1 . I ' l l I ' 'P': 'I1(h A ir ,1!"or~Cf < t - l lh n l c , o I l , I ~ w llS u. ctn 'R i4: d \ 11 1,1 01 ' th e oOl1ul luud o f . \h lJ . 0011.

Jllrl~dll;bol . .. ..' - . .. ,'II>I ~I. ·0""1" sir op('mtiolill ill .1111111-)

'I' nth Air Fora

Ind ia AirTnsk F urc c .

m il o. A ir T as k I t'o rec .

Karachi Am cric fm A ,ir 13.a oonuna lld .'rilo 'rollih A ir rv ico COnIhJlI.; ld.

Illdi~ ! l i J l f l Forry Compumd,

O. E. tr riL(: lll cyer , 'fllll; llendquorl{'J '!l WIlS tlw

ove r- a ll l ud ia -Bunna ni r In.-lldquar1t 'n;. n~ponl ibh-

10 t ho thl"llwr eemmnnder, II exl'rci -deommaml

of Aml:riCill l .a ir units in I nd ia a ru l was r~ pon..i lJll' ,in nddil ion, for oool'tiilllltioJ] of Ail' ' l 'rnnsportmmand end Ji'ourweJlth Air Foree nc.ti"iti{',

w ith Iho of til v e ri eu t lt e- o lu r a g c lI { )" ir s,

Thl 'f<' w~.,· no oth er w ajor OJl,'1I1Ii7.ntiOIlH.1

chnllf,;"t':!I unlil th e in t(-gr&lion of anleriCllU am ]

RJ.}I ' lmils wall aeoompli ahrdj

Iii DI.-« ' JDbu 1943.d . A il 'u u jl 8 tr tR t7 11 4,.A.IF (irrrbltli'f!l A T(', bill

"zaudill!J aircrajtooll...t in ('},;"a):

S~tobtr 1012:

F W , u f > < .M~llw'l bo!lIbt:n.

I I I '&"Y oornbt:", •

Tnr.!1'J1O ru.Photo

G3

o,Iii

~13

Total ••16 Deeember 1!)~3:

l<·iIlM~n.

!'Io:dium bombt:noIIw\')' o o m ! Jc ,. r. ._ . ..

'l'M ua por _ . _ _

Photo ••_I .l.a bo l' •

I t O

III

3.

4

Ui

1030

TCflaL. .. _ •• _

Ii. Twd .-I~!Fp ~ J ' onn.l t ilr, ngf11, India-Burma,;'Iau(iing c r ci ee C om m f ln d ( lr ld . .. T t":

3 Oelobt:r 19,i2 __• • __• • _ 00 • _ • ~ 2110

1$ ~!l\bt:r l!l~3 _ '3, 9S~

j. E D l c t ti f o'94ni:ali(m OIj opcrof tnUi . 1\'00

orgo.niZDtiomtl factors., whic l t oll'-(,l"-'I.'ly ZlIT.'cll'tl

a i r o p er a ti on , ; duriuS the first 2 Y~'>\ ' "of th e w ur,

w~ro lit' follow,, ; :FI R 1': '] ,. hc ro w o s n o o\ ;er~all Allied flir c om ,

m i m e ! w hic l) h lld .nllt 1I0ri1 \ - 10 IOl"1uulll l , ' lur"I til t eg ." n nd R .CItilw iIn en i !liNI t I l p p l i eAIi01 1 ' tl f IIitfor«.. 'l'ho war WIIS beingrou~l,t Oil 11\ ( 'prinripll'"uf coopualil1ll rn. lhcr t ilal lwmm(llld. 'r!JkNntdi.

lion b re d c ud lc ss p ro bl t' ff i. 0 11 11 tl il Te re rw " Ai . . . .f iolt l do\ 'e lolmuml . di.;po~ition of 1Illi ls, :>I . 'J( l( '\ iouoft'lrg<.'1 i :l y s t~ms , o l lOCO l i ono f tllNn;l(l IIml a ir c o rp ~s lI pp li ($ ., t dl oo il li ou o f J l( 'I 'W I I! I( !I , t lm l rdtl 1,.t! 1)001, .

lOlliS, ad iufmi lum, were of I I lOCt· si~y. h't'tl by 1111

1\ltempl !It. Conc.UfI ' l 'U( 'O bt,tWl'l..'U t ilo R. . .F, Tcnth

.\ ir Foret" f ind }<'ourl.'<,ulll .\.ir 1"01"('0C t . 'l U l u n m l u 1 '8

.COllCl'flh'tl. T h • • fOn l ll lt i .o I l ( ) ( h va d qu ll rl ('! 'S , \ (0',I1lllill.Bunml c lo r in .J uly ( {M d, WIIS l it (' f ir sl l \> 1 1 1

~l{lp hlll! ILnI 0111.1on o r t i t ( '$( ' l IIony Jlrtlbh,ml>.

7

t;(" XD: ( '~ :-qual t tll~ Ilad lIul b ee n a c co rd e d

thl' IIiI' linn Th e Am~ril1ll1 I I I ' o l . . .r OOJ J lmaOdi' r

. ' n ' ~ ill , Iu al ( ' pity. II c mmsndod II I

lilto! :I lind, L : 11it.. til' OOflllmtlldNl t he g ro un d

A . fl ll i. , 0l lS t 'q u c tilly t he f iu a l tI~. in rddt iv to

lit· empl ym II I of II I air *l ' I1 l1 \ "S1 d in th e w - o un damlY h" l !dqume. (lll.'lI'qlll'lllly, much of el l

initia l the h' r p la nn in~ a m i dlinkiug whit'h 1\ ,(

i nl lu l 'l I (' 1' a i r ojH'ralio~ ( h ro us :l lo tl l t h" Will' c l l r l

not {IlUy or lid ~ulllrI.\' I\'('i~h UtI' pow" r po t l' l ll i a l.

ill' " :l il b l i r c :onm ll l ll i l l!'i, aJnay jUlli rill

nm k 1111.1o>ifoll , 1'NJ'tl consulted fcom l ime to

! ln ll ', bul Ul! ' b i· dl . ions ~ hI IIltimutl'l,'with die pound rom l. • ' ••

16 / J . ~ mb r /9!,3 1 June 1045 a. OW(f ( J l .

.4 'u lt v f Ilu' QII.'h~ IIft'r~I ,'of, pl('lIlbl'r

1 9 43 , 1 I 1l t' ll c! t· d b y Pn ;iU l'lIt R : \ · cU. J>r ime;'o.Iill· tcr hureh ill, lind th~ o oD lb iu l'd c hie fs . o f

taff,. uth '~I" i UmJI1B I lU \ \ '1 1 ( '~ t If or I IIjQ irll.B rit' I , lind A m ri rn Pl"O S« uljon of Ih ~ w ar

III. a. T..nl.'r, t. bo nim o on ft l' C uc e i n )lOVI.'lll-

b r-1)( l ·mJx.r I < 1 3 , C'4lTyillg Ollt (hI,"cf si 'of fb o

upr . . .me Allilod om molllj( 'r. . uth 1 IS~ , c \ . ! i(l

C • • : E.)' ~t~tiou of ·" i.ted l-a l end

Om b IIJr UIII I I I ln, lill .llunn.ll IV m 1M u poTb. P~blem wa.~ Co"l:lrell1l'I.I' m pl!{ . '~

orgaruu!tOIl II d t b .. d l! '\ ' l o~ wbich 1I'0uid(la»m~llSb !.h .C! f o lJ o" 'i n g t h iJ lg l l:

.\ h i v IIndi~eI oP('llIliOnlll control of ai r 10 d

Ilnd f~~[ , botl, Brir h lid .\rncri<-IUI.· II

E labl h ~. 'quill . labl!:> of . I I~ a ir. n, ouc l aorr IIL e & h I I'd of oon l l! l llm i .

J:larmoniz.c til di v 'tgt'ol 1I Ii I'l'I'nl Bri ta in InrI till' l'llil~1 td l"

a.'lJll'ft" (, of

A ill. ' !'S In lillie ~L

. ~lainlnin til!! ifl l1;rity of . . )lJ;ra t •.hw· . (dmi I nd I I ftdrnlllllil_RA P nel JL\fo ' .. upp Y I t ll f ln J lI 'l for 1)(1II

.\Ionitor th e ~lllliO n!l.bipool .

:laliart i ll f r lf l il l .Bunm l 6'1(1 tl Wl~'n lit ~Ir o'l,"Uni.I. . ~. J IIlr O/l::t!1l t .lUla In (lIdr 11I1I(UJlI d ..1 , 1:t II 'Oi l III

Trb.' 1'p t' lIy(!1l( ' l in I~ ,t

' . r t~po tl mnumrl find I II \ A' . Ul "-Itmand. ~Ir. t\'1 • 'III.

III of III lltud \' til IV

fant lie finn i m'o lv l'd l nT I M '\'olw:d tire 1lI I

world b d Vr '11 p' ILarl0lllni7.ltiQII 11;. ,

I . II eo 0" r' t. • •.I ro krm , 8 ml r 1 o t l ' . d Jm ' ,., 0lilli,In SO I I ' 1 1

• ~ {I " " ' ti ~ • . •

I~I "1l l10u r r. I. HO I l. ' h i rM l . H ~JUI ·d t depict8llJl . w er" a h io . .. od • J Oi l , I 1 'VI " , IIw II I i

I. nr( l r the 0 • •m l . 'f g w J OO ( ' '' ul Il w·I.111 r r goO lt o. ll O Il l Ii r. '" Ufll • fo 'IIII 'IQPQnen involved in II 1 ud U l o . . .,

I rn, QJ.ltl'lltOIl

B

w~r(l 1I11t1 r unifled ('.OllllJllllul. -L'tlftl, . '. ,', "I In~'

romnultld "hwb l'('~ull~lIls Imolly diJ II lor." . .lit el/(JTlutll uni t . -' rll e R. t\ J; ' ~orl"-W t

h . l lia ura Jlir (blllmmul. -ElI.~t.'1'1) ~'rontior unrd hrdian u i r t r tl i ll i ng llIlit Brit i I Im en d, w ith h l'M lq ullrtc l'S ill '1 IIoUII- I It r~ln,,"Ilulill Ri r I~U l ) (I r L ll io l l u n i nn d 11:(1Amer-

I t . f' I bl' J ' II, 'ib 'I II }: o rg ~I II r: 1I 10~ (.~. I .ll'd. Itw . 11 I ir .rv ie CO llllllllnd \\'re 1 101 illt :'j;.'1'fIt d,

ollb' OrgtlllllAlllOI1 III wilich mt{'grfltion f l l m _ there \\III"~no lH'crinpping or . phere of l)(.In i-R il l! \ m ~r ic a ll nir unit Iltld tn fJ1 0 B I \ • it..

plishl'tI. Eagtl 'nl A ir 'o Jn ln tl ll l1 \ a s "1 I i l ~ i. HwdfJ.UM/ttf ' IJ, tlA,p·.! lJ ('dor. ·I I tllo-lJ, .mna-

liolllli h pR li qm l l" t ol 'S I I 'l a io : h l'.I(eJ'(Jl~ ld ro~~~ I lf o Ir f ndi « t hUd r .-1' hi . hCl ldql ll lr tCn! , wl,ielh ha d

.tlr ir unit" .HA l ' and AA .I< IlOnUI':1 < 4 bl'cn t ni ll i I wd on .h e th e er I \ '1 '1 2 9 Jul.\" J 13 .

wurfllf" 0\'01' Hurmo lind to till': ( I t . r o l l 11 ~ !I)~ll!I~U rl~) lcliolliug It on Ol}~rnliollullrl'liI'lquRrl n!.

l in d A I "11111 buses, ' I ' h I ' 'L a I! ,~O I h cam lh l.' ndmillilllrntiw' heudquur ters , 01 1 th e. . ' " ,was I I I' 011 \..... . . Idia-B'Ibl 10 ti l I hra ( Iii' olOnulIld( ' r iI I' ie l~'r Vl'. lor J l' unit .1Il 11111 - urmu,(' '1, Asin. 1(' IIOr,S( o I x o re is o d e omm a n d 0\'1'1' t h e ~ ~ ir • e rv i ee om.

'!' 11 J I I 1 nanrl en d U I K il l'll b i ~ \m r ie an ,,\ ir Ii , in-c. U'Yl 1 1 1 1 1 rei (U M 'w/'f/t:y. tamd If',({rrllJ,]J, 1M}' 1'hi 01- I'· t' nond . 10 nddiliol.I, it WI r I lo tl Ri bl for coo.rdi-

• .,.1 nzn Ion 0" I'tltlld U I' r \'r' . 1 I F I \. .."th e din'('( oomm luul of I It,ll ' > • I II 1011 o~. lUll I ·1.0 OurlN'Ilt I ,tr ,,'orcc

, I h IlIr OOlnlill ,'rl IJ It'in chil ' ! l:iC)ullion t \.sin It... . I I I I' t l('Ii 4r ngen I •

• J.,. w as Itot Illtl'gllilt i tlm'/l(I'!/. Thus, to fI mplisl. the \·J1.nI'Ly

It. w ' b ! lt ~ 1 o n ('.vlon ami fll·r(orlllcll fa ir m issio u Ii ted ill -etion 11 , tho llied irrv co m uI ·· n rc O]1(, I" lH.ioll ii .

J T. mmandee ill "hid W. IIIsign I th t- I Ilowin;: tt • WI:I . Hum/nil a1 1 1 1 Tv, f l t ! J - f i J l l t (C rgnn'jMtion :

0 ' 0 1 , 1 , 1 ' . ' 1 1 IF.- ' l ' lri. o't'flUiZ!llioll op M tc d I i ,1 \ : t er n " ,\ ir emmuud,

. f ll l i d~1 \ '1 ' 1 t'OlIImUlltl o r th e Jlied ir l1OInm41l, RAF 222 O rollP ( t I) .

III cllU'r. S OU lh c JU ll A , ill. 1 L WIIS 1l0\ inlegn.lfI RAft ' 226 rolll) ~ 'oa sta l).Ie \ \118 h flsO O in, $ ()utbc rn lnd in ami pcrfortll.< 11 1 addition th Inelia- hil lR <lili! inC AT •

''''lJcrol", DUIlis, hca' olromtion . \ II ol'oill\blc for inlrn-lmJill Ild Hump IIiI ' trnus-

. : ."I·r 'troll. pnrl ( . 'Omma /UI . -T h fI ld in. • , ).OrlOlwrllliOIlB, und th Tweutioth DOlllbl',' 0111'

d. J 1011.o r .Air Trun pe r 'omrnllnrl IV ' nand w t\\ 'llilllhlc tOt II period of lim', for n-

troJj'd dlrloctly from W II hillg ton. It opcm tN (IU ' t m i, ion s, 1'lu 'om position und IM lglh of

J~dill;nllrnw,. hinn Imrslllllli loovt'l'-all din<tho Ollt. niuuioJlS i6 u m rn er is ed b el ow :

tr~('~ I II . fu tt hl 'l "t Il I· c o f Ih(' theater oornnlooort 0.,. ", .....,.".. ''''''~.'''''',R"r ....IA=I II ~IOl 1 oor(}' t' . '1• . Hill IOU \1'1 I th o v ari I I Ilgt' J

III n,l Willi 'frcch'tl by lite oomm~lId illg ~. '"( > n d [J \m \. J . 1~1<" \11 ..- ..

• , .••. : . Iy J. Ir 'or·., Ind iu-U llnI1 8. . ........... ,\10· .... J. 'f'wtlll'UlI.Oomb r ( ' nmm" 1- ' 1 ' 1 · R\\ 'hil li tt No.1:11010<11',11M'Bomb u1U. I .. , SC01hm1' ....... I·.w"'ClI.

\\' . r omnlllHd \'M conlrol lud d i fl !' ll l~ r C r o ll -, _ .\111'...

o.slllllgloll It 0 t d " r di : 10'0.1:11 a_Po III 1. .' ~ fiI • lit 'hmtl-Bllrmll- n 'J'Wo ~A.\I IkoobO I...

PUl'lIIlAllt to (hr"Cllvc,", from LIlli joint ( 'h i I . GlI'~ _ ".. too,IIIIT, bllt WII ~uJ1r'ort j I .' . II I ',' ..Tlwpc-c.. .,.... ..

I J r u Wt'r' .' . ~( oglst leu y 0114 Ip ro , u lt '< i (II r c I" f( ll 1 ( . bl' i o Ihlllllf ~....

IJOmlllllJul(lr (II d \ r. '. ( lNO , =«('"""~ 0"",,, 11'\..\ "'R\ I. j "I';l\. A l tllC roqu l s...mll~\boI)O"",,,II.ut . ' . ' . throu'l.l lht- om billcd to til ' ~jplJ I~'. flit ." .

~{.u~f.Of hlf . tho · fBombL'r 'Om;lUlIul . I14Id:N I Jon"O'JI IDH

f ,a m t ll rg eWi ll tt I .,'" . IC ! SOIl I I il I 11 I111 t'H . . J: ....".. c.... . .I .•• •• •..

II ' !I. fJUrlt tltl, llir / ' - o r ( ' ( l . - -1'ho ]"0111'11'1'11111M .I ..... u.-I Al l . _or L' II 'I IS n (. I ~..- So. t!II (I"",,, I t . H I

I'm I F .111 cgr . lcd. 'J1l1C oomUllllluUI to- So.ftl(J'''''I'.lt''·

I ) OU rl et 'l It h A i r J .< 'O I '( · ('IV" r ""II. ilJ llldiNfIl! N.. u.rm '" - r.. .o iii AJIl.· . ' 1- tlt r • (> I.•it ~ ",do t ' ..... l '. \ 'I'{With (0 I ~w.lrt • n. 1. thtw ,ter ( I1Iman ...... So.. Ct i<, ) ~-. flol rI

nlUHlou of Ibe h inn h o h l r 24 ()c1UV': l I ' O I t 1 . \ 1 , , .14, n U ' . ~,I ' • ., \It S ' < > :1:11d, p. fl.\ I

11'0 Jur , . . . . .Glion Ol le r be Fourt~IIUI' "",,,.ua.u. 110 0.... ."'. . ..

le e P d to lito hinn id o f t h llH uU l p.

r. I<n

< )C U ..

1'..", ..... tfJtI,_ .AA".ffA' •...,A'I'I:

I JaulJ., 1&"'-C(I!1Hllutd

f

1.11.'

l o l t < l

I"

O . 1 JUII 104b- l Dlumbu 19.f6.-il. WiLh W I!

f(lLlof flllngoon I'\lay 1 1';. En . lI'm .lir IIlIllBnd

IUI.l , t\<td ito; J lU rpo '. 'rlu: i ut ~ le tl bad·

( II I B r l C n il wn..~ dibllflu d. ..lA}i' 0 HI I I .\,F UI I i t

It' Irnlinl; t ltl O I J( 1 1' !S li ol ls l l I( ro l f (hdr

I 'jXl U\' com num ds. F or lh l' 11 ('~l ,('I'end

mont!J:S L\.\F lrn.r port IlllilS nlinlll'ci I !til'!'

'sUltulI' • 10 tho British in lIn'ir I 'olid Ii n

l'JTorls: ill Bllrnlll,. l.Illt this IIIS cion Oil 8 mutual

ngl ' ·fIll.l.lIl b " .b. 1;18jor OI'h"llUi.wliolloJ I'h. I ' •• h d ~Il

under IUU~~ f or .0IDe t inw. 00 \ h in 1h hill

Ih t t... find Lh o I nUio ·Bunl1 Iheater in ollticip -lion of th Imild,ul) of a ir ·s ianCo. ' 10 hina

0 .1 111 nir opllm .lion. from Chin. D ' [ON ( h . .. f aU

f HIlII~OOll, ' ll l'n11 "-t.'t11'1lI ·yer ba d ~ubmlU I

o pbm t(l tho joillt ch i f of hilt fo r e I l lp lo> 'me t l~

o f t .h () ' l' t> n lh A i r }<'ooo in 'h in om l p pll liol

9

"'rt' m ad "(tc~rdinllly, ~.i, 0 1 1 T ~ lI lh

\ir F "I'\" I 1 1 1 1 '. [1 1 ,. 1 il fllh' n . c h a l o n II I

LU Ii 41 ! ' hinll but 18 1'l1, 'I\'it, \Iitbdmw 10

da . , hU: 'r- .lut' 1 01 , rl 'l ir w p l'( lb l~ m ~ w h ic h WUl\'!

under n: · , ' t l lmjtL~tion,e, D ur i n g I I , . n,''\1 ...." n 1 1 w • '" I I l I t logi i I1

lm l,lk tio U" o f mO\'il~ Ihl' 1 'c l ll b . \i r 1 " 0 1 " 0 0 I : t '~d.

t Iuu rt , . . . " end 1\ ,h'-.II.' uir hP8dqul\rtclli 10 hlnan d ~tll' probl! 'm ( nun nd t)J1!1lIU1.Hticm in

ItilUI ' '' l'n' " IlIllt.lh.b' ludiccl . i\ s re ult of, 1 . . , . tudi ,II 8dquurl~n;. A~' , I T, mO\' t'1 W

hin in . l u t , · I!W.;,am i . m 1 ig llllled Hull·

qUlln'r-, A.\1" 'I, "hilll Iltt·H ~.n d(J1 IB rh "l'l'. \ ,

HIT bM-1VI1 H I dquorh ,\.AF, fDT. ThT ,nih .lir Forr. ah moved to hina i n , Ju Jy

I 5 , a m i 1 0 0 0 1 I 1 " d i t > . I dquB rte III tI... c 1,1n!

, tu i'll \. iu nliriJ)lllioll of th plannedbins o ff en ,i • " rb ou ad o, ~ I od i fi cd 1L "~t_ 1\'. uk or II ' M rg llniz a lioll , u lJ .;\,\.F

u u il ' l \' I Il ! li n in g in Ineli.n,Bumm CAm under II I

adruil l l ' lmliw 1I1Ie! opcnlliouftl control, o r wha t

IUlIlI 'Il tll ·if ' ni' ornn1(lnd, , , \ J l1 lpid ly

u . . . troop cam " IIUlI. oolJlb . e r u - g o u ni ts c o ul d 1,,0

I'd , . , - . 1 (rom evseua t ion I I .n d t o l t- " O l id l io n o p er a -

lion: ill Bumll lh"f I\'~ro oUllched to ,\T (oro~nltioll l! . l oollirol lid P Il i 0 1 1 t he l lump ruu to

lun, ~UF I tical unit, in Burma w ro with -

drawn I Ind ia 1111 " lOOI l dO\1 a" l o r t ro i ni n g-

' Il~~n! they lI Qu id 1 I0 ~ be 01 1 ai r ,npply. . 'rb

um were prepa ring fo r 1 J10 \ 'f ' l1Uml to h inavhen el l '1lIr ended,

cctioo V

GR O I D O RGA JZATlO , A 11) [ ORCES

1. (Jo,nvl.-1'b Q\' 'l'-ItJJ 8. ....... t f' II ', , P" 0 I mll)or

n'OllCuUl7.4tfOu of thl' lndin ,Bl1rnll \ th ea t... I111,,· dv been d' IOn! ' r II\'U

" ' I~ t . r >0 mu h (I( Hlo~~uzaIIO~ 11111.1lqpo>.ilion 01 tb ~ ro lJ nd f O rt lt !

a, I e- '111141 to P I ' t 'Ill IiOIl o r II '\ \ ~ I Jbe gil '0 Ii-re, it j, Il" umttl II d C : I I U : ; ~fTorL1\ 1 1 1 1 . 1 ( ' ubm iU« f iJ y 1 1 1 1 ' I IJ lP l'O ll Ji qt ' h ea d ~ llO rl

2 • . IL L . R I. III o r til -1'('0 '. ~uark .1~lid t ioo of th ,' B rili-h Im l IWI\Il~lI.tllm an d

in II' . " In "call (oreu It· \ J III 1I11'tt : l'rnl'rg~l ... . .

l 'Omm a l l d k no \\ n J\lliecll ., J:> groulld for •\• .nllu ror· th

• lAo IL a OOnlll14lldl'r w n . , L_ I' ,U I I S L(I_.1 1.0 . ' Uugrt lOut 10 ' •.oeu II~ ~rOUlltblllt'.") I. : . u . \

A l l i C I I I oil' rOllUlllllld"r ill " " i • .;lu'rh~llJaI 1 0 t h o

c .. .. .r< 'i "< 'tl o pt' .. t «J ua l c on i I ' I h cadq1 l l i rt . . .I • ro 1)\,('1' edl I J i I f

Illl'~ ( III lh 1'(' : t . Il lqu t 01 II . lie 0~ U rI""~, xc 'rlling

LO

the Ii'll hinese clh' i iOIl of tho or! lit

An. '11 oml1lon l l ill North Burlllu. 'J'h Ilr C w , . I tilt t f I " .r I' ,clil,jRioll I\'IUI gi\'(111 'I'. I•~ I Il \1 0 t'OCCllL pnrtuer III 1111o,r-

o Ill' k r' t 0 1 ~t'C()t s III' I ' ( )und l"IIJII, • hnly will furlhrr bow I ht H I I I ( ![{Il.i·, h I' " rn;~ ,°

1'IWI'8, t Iwcll l\lui ln , '1' ar m dc,','lopNI into 1h • l nl lj or f Q FC O beeaus ,

NI. I Il'I L . u h II, Her. SOIlI O f K I P t I he capability r Ia eti n ill ('0 II , •WII,! dll»(,ncit'nt~ l lwr thou IWmlll(JI'~ I\'O~ nCl' ~ :-n I) '~ I1 I~ : v p on 1 1m o o . 1 X 1bi J i l ! l of oi r pow er, D lIring th

Il'RIIOOllHllluu! l, r, I I tmg IlS th , ~Ill('rrncelill/'t 'U~r RI ~ ? r the Will' ill Durmll , u purnll.1 t

(I",ell nil' hlneso und the Bnt! h ( 'Orl ll i 'l • 'aet6 Oll t -m t lons "'lIS rC~1he l l in l Il al I h\ 1 " 'l 'O u lI IlJ, , 'I'] I' ~ ..

3. ,\ QJQrorr(:.- W n III n ieu ~ o ll naW ,. 1 l rc c ·. W i lT . t '1 I l1 1 1~ 'Y l ll lt o ~I'loit Ih~ ' IId\'ll:lIt~

~lInd f rec fo r till! gl'('jllCI port of Ih . ud vrcione cJijtx ('(I by I!" wh( ' l \ Il blm no

(11I:t r Burmu WIlS us follol, p~rtr 'llgor ( ' (ol lomicul OrII >ttIry 10 eont in II!.>pressu I'tI

oount ( )r< ll od 'w i l> ( l I l I'OUII l I th e { lO O -m il o f ro I -om tho a lr,

(.I•• B r i( i: l~ 1 Y . -: iC I ,c o nt b .. r p II 1111,\l'1Ik~ l 2; Q11 1XJ ; !l n am ) f J fO j u. l .-Th" t'lllnlil igll lid

wotKmg Imoc1llully With lilo RA F '1110 lin , I '( ) J cct t i (' l! ( lr i be< l in SUI'" Cf li l lg s ec ti on 01'\' l i~tcd

t lml 'J'welll,.y.roll~~h .roup, i 'l lu lr no \' in g r to l: t , ,1 01 \' :

~rtllmg{(,l ' IINlUm1icbru ry 1944,(nll fl.. lion "lI, E t blish mc n! of \ir . ul){Iriorit)"

2 ~ (t lY 1 94 .&by wl I;y or a~'o.b, Rum or . and a" , runnler-oir foroo OllOnllioll.) ,

th e pI'nil! !Jhl, J IJ O , OO O t r ( ) ( ) P • 6 . ·cH ou ' IT , Isolntion of Ih l' Dattl fi Id

b. British Fourto lth I 'm, Ofl))JJ). do l Y , interdiction of Jn pa ne sc lin !' of ('OmmlllliI:Olion)

orpo a ' lnll 'J 'hirly.1 hird orps, PUCl ' ( j by t h o ! : init. 'trnlcgillo \ir II m uon ,

Hundred !lnd 'l\l'cnty.fiNt .rou» ! In .1 C t in "clioll 1X , Air Ddl.'lI ,Opemtion . i nl 'l ud in . . :

argo fJ ' 'k :b 'o r ,m o vi ng (,'Om tl l I rl lp lW (I) ) ll Ii nl (! nl \J l • of til Ill; y r th e oir~utb 1. 0 .ROl lgoOl l dowu tlu- m il nn d ri~fl'I route t. o h ln n u ud ddtn. of UP)l( ' r J ;NIIII,

nd o ',f!, O ,( )( )( ) i ro o l' ' . (2) \3 r tier. n of III IcuMIl rea .C. Norlhc rt l 'ombat.l\rca omm and , com pa . (3 ) A ir ddc l lMl o f th e A ra ko n m rd Impha l

l )~ ~~\ ) ~mcriCUIi-trl1in~d and cquiJ'pcd C1: o.reo..eh\' IHOn" n Thit.i It divi ion u nc i o ne ..~mtf> (4) ~ r covor of tm n llOrLairtroft upplyiu'r eg im e ll • working witb the lI i!tl, '(at," ft)rword ereas.

A i r } I 'o r ee , find m o\ >i ug fr om Ledo to the If. ·I, ' (io ll X I I , 'J'lill Arokon D '(Cld"Cl aur -) . ! nd.llllll' 01'('8, rool)('ning L h ' , t ilwoU R o a d i~l.

pipe-lin trfl t. o hiae , 105/100 troop$. t.,' tion Xln. 'rh~~hllli]lllrDC'lcn h'" m -

d: A long runge p C ll ol ro ti ol l g ro U» , 11I~ n:llib'll (Imphal-Kehiruu),Ind IAn iv i ion. command'd by ellt'-I'I'IIW i Id l' [ . tiou X I ,'fh W ill!B l EX1>editioli.

lI'ui(jb w as 0 0\\'" into 'olth · D ur .o m m o l\ ' g. , '( '( 'l io n X V . Slil I\"QII' O f T'l 1 i v e, 1 .. Nl o to

1 00 m il , beh ind th e enem v line Dn c t ev I Iyilkyillli.

(ought its wily t. o link up ~~ith ' n N ' l 1 1 ti l h .. \' lioll ~ Y I . K?rlh, Til mhal, \r I) (1111-

I A ' f O ft : c ol lv C 'r gi ng o n My i lk y in ll , /!t ' loml smpu I~", ;\1)TltkYllnt t o : -' In nd o ln y ( X o rl ht"()()l~~. lu rmn Bill» I~II).

i, S . ·c t iOI l X\ H, Fourteenth AnI " ,eetion V I mphul to R ang oon ( on tm l B urro;

j .• ' , t , ion :\f111, Firll.'cmfh orps mpuign,

'rHIlATBR PRO]JlCTS I ttul lgdnw 10 J la n j: lo cl lI ( ~ n ih 13llnllll 'illll»lIign),

I, G~nI'(lL-I" !.'~1",JI k, . lioll • 'IX T it ou IrtlLioll o.r Iho. liJ-iOI l r ~I lie mpJ I hUlg IIII! Q '. • 'II Hond r r o m r do , U;.;nlll. 1. 0 K unm ll1 g, h illl\.. . t h l) Indlfi-BlImlfl thllilh-r, CI'rlllln pf I, 'lion X X 'I 'h '011 tnu'.tton o r I ll( ' Pipo

C l h nl )I Jt ug t n n t! p ro ; t. b('(',nl1l' iI1lJlOrlllll~ .~ "It> f roUl 1"(.110 '. I,ll, 1 0 Km n n il l" hinll(ill 'r 00 I Iu<ull' " ....

IU lm an( O r n t I 'n ri ou s t im ,l >S , rr ,. ill" lioll X XI, A'J'e Hump ' ' ' ,mtion I"

l'I'.Ullt hi·..· r"',I ·m'ct lIir .I)()I Qr phl),C( I II " h in a.

~I ;om1j!r hm lit, 'adl rn'ljo!' pI ' j I ' lIlll. CIIn; ,~ n . , '" ( 'l io n ;XU, . - \' 1 ' , l u tm-Tnd i ll OP,\J'tltion

\. r nlcd 8CJlfinl(c1v in th o >1Ccliol l9 wll lc " • o. '0 ti.on xxnr, X X B om bor ('II11IllBI]!!

. ,.tu; of I tch ~lJIpuigu \ l ' i11 '1llI lrly s~~~'I){ , l ' t It ions.III (111140)1 o f l Il l' lIir II rm fro m 11 m i no r l :; II yr -

e ljon 11

A8L1 HI G AIR. . PERIORlTY OV R

h DJA·B' RMA

1

12

ho nUtlck( 'd Hum ) {(lnllinnI, !'Inti h l) ...

1t,0\1' losses, . :.: t· rbnillllld Irem w hich I h oy O I i' UI ti 1 1 01 l "C 'u d il y r t' lL " h

n o . i L t ~ on hi oil"dromc.~ d i8COUI ' l lg ( !{ ! I.i.~ th o opll~lillg 1 1 1 ' 1 ) 1 1 • .

(,0 b fls c !Ili irc m ft in o rrh 8 l1 nn o.. Orrl'lI~l~I' ol'){:mtloll.~. of .Chi l l ; IIRILl~(> luul no~

\tt 'k!'! on h i l l l ines o[ eonnuum t· )1'011 I K I . ,bll! w l l h 13rlll~h.hp:hll'r f1.IU.IIJrIlf 'IlI, duo", fit., . --, n e a I o n I . . . I· ·b I . 't' r 1) 3. ,. I f r him to su I .1 on d I .-", n..,..o I'll! IOrl rtlllg ,{', : 1 1 I 10 " ,c qU l I, 1 0.1 10 , ...,I h l1 l tm L . (I: , '.' -I. P Y , l lQ m t .a ll 'l ~ til " l U l < l 1'.....7 1 1 , g.."11 Ei~' U W ( ' 1) I )0 1 I w l l ie . !!

;~~I "'IIIIlII !l~riJulig (b8ttUl~~f t ho I h u np . vn suirabh- [or Um tru k. T.II cou ntor air force

. \~ , I \- 1:\'~IlI~oflheiIU cOJUlil 'Ions, IhCl I'ud 01 1l1'1I"1I1'1I talill i Jl lo t wo gOlll" l ' IIII)Oriodll :

period found th o II mnl1oporl\'tion p 15 DC'CAlmlw.!' 1M3, lo 31 ).[ny UM4, during

~llbslnllti8llY ( re o o f ollom),. intl'rrllNl1C0, QIt~ \'lIioh . tim o oil' sUJlI'l"' i()ri l-)'o;w:'r nUl'mo wnil" l I f 1 c r i o r i t : y evor ni l of " 8 U t I n R h ad 1 1 0 11 8fub lishcd .. ' _ .' ..l )I 'cU C3l.nblisitad. I Juno U lH , 10 I.• June 1 9 4 e , during w hic h tim e

1tA1~ .fighlcl"' o pom( I on s during ULil h atll"bJ~l<'d nil" . UI)orio .ritYWQB .muiDtain~'(1

."()llsi.iIlcli main ly ind ofcl1 sil'c ac tlon in tile ;\~ ill~ t . ' }n)! lMS{" r ' -' 1 l1 f lCcrn ll~ ts I Ilid.'h~ porndlc,

lmphul , IUld Cilicut.tll ureas " . [ ..0001 oil' upttiQ-Dl, lJoollveutLcmpl to usnmr I}O II~('r . .. ~.,

WfI,jJ sntisftlctorily m nilltuilled O S a result o f L I , ~ . F .?~my Irellgli,.- II ; t 'l .J c . tune 01 ;E,\ . . :I

operatiolls, wlth 0 11 0 n ots bic · 'N ('!) pt io n ill , I U " I I, l' lo n , t l~ 'J.o])1I1I 1181 fO f l) e .h n d I l Il cstmllliedC 1 t'l a II> c ov er ed b ol ow 160 IIlrcnlft III t h e I h c; nt (l l' nnd tho number WIIS

e e ll 0 n : ' ' . - . ' . ' . . I I r C. [l I; il ll !'. . \ repor tMon 9 January 1944, tho

a. OpUQ /t o.m l ( iu - f" lI I. 9 lit t .1 IC f'11H i IS n(W~tim8tcd total wtl 271 d istributed n follows;I tJ48-1 . June J9:4D- a . t le n cr o /. -ous D . . -

1943 " W dOrYs b of or e ( ·h o romlllli.ou of tll~ tA ~

A i r C om l li ll ud ,3 S , J .n . p n ll c sc b o m l J . ur s " C $ O O r I t d

3 7 f i g il t o :l r s , n tt i l c ka d d IG c iL yo f U C lI !t l. ( .

l>idomblo dnml l ge W!lS dono 1. 0 file docl: am _

I I L c o o m ll(l!1 ; but U It! . 1 "11 it! WIlS sig,nifirtJJ1.~aI f. I on~

o no nl or N ilS O n. 'Tho. ftl·c~ fhn U](!enND.}' (I ""'_

mount on M,lilek of Uu},!; i ? . . c .oglJin~(.IlIdi6'~hr.IU:::':'''

ciL) , llliti tho sup)) ly center 0 1 tho A l l io o d_:\~-::-iuditDl,NI th a t ho possessed 0 roloti.\ 'cl)' "lfI j~J , t o>.J l .D1

Llgg~vu nil" force in t h e I n di o· B u nl ll !. . tb lt : = : . _T ru o, . l L} fa l o il ' .su[Jl.'riority ho d been 1 8 I " . s~ 'I l lb l is lw d p rl e r t(l tllis ,time over 0111"OI1'n

o rea s, b ut 1 .1 1 cn('n~y possessed lUi nir 101'Oll"

domioo tAl t i nUI!1~1n (lll~ wbicb Wui! ~"i.tlrlna: ; ; V r O H or Ihi$ ( lCl l l ipHH'IIL w as rno dC J'n. l~ !g hlo ~

!Uugo o! our. v l~ o.l Blr route 1 . 0 . ' . I u l l n ,Il " , \ 'CfI! mo s tl y Q ; c~ r II 8 J1 ( I Nic:k.sjthc reconumssaneoI I I t a l la : l lOu s in l lc lI g ~i l, . t h e rakllll,nnd ' k m f~ w ere I) jnn hs l i n d niOSjl l1c l igh t I . > o m b Q I " 1 j

'I'his. situBtion oolllltitliteil n SQriolLq nnd d ,~ro I.ilv!l and th o Ull'llium bembers ~1Is' .I)ro~ll!m r~r El\ . '1'110 1~1~1?, ( ul 'l II cl l ~ J llP ~l l~ p il ot ll~ nd Jli~ CI"'(lWS, with th o 1)0' iblc

\\1JJl Co Il m nl ll le ~ t o s ev er o 1 n u 1011,9. Il<llS'OL¢!t" 'l (CCI)l iOnf lboSil . b .a C !i I II I t ho ( . .. t eome "-'Il.r areas,

I~ b'lmnllhuO'r I!upply route t() hmo, 1 1 1 1 . i t/ c f I !loU ! ;l i , o~ l !ul ' lc n c ( '( i , lt n d r e s o u r e e fulhghtt'ri!.

Ih ~ enemy H I lC f l o f c:ommmlicll t ' iOll , Ifla{; f" T i lt ' o ~ "my~ i. l tl n li o Jl Il». 10 .lIir ' ~I ls .: W il l! -~ccl.

Prot,<d,ItU,}I!J/II. and adl'(wec. t l, Allff '/ . t 1 < ' l 1 " 1 I 1 . Ih~ UOliI:lOOIl.i\ ,loI11mIlIU llir I Ull I411 l1 l . l IuN.

f in d to fur-lUsh olh~rll ir lIup!llytQ alll'cifl f'bl ' , riOr 10 th i) l tim ~ . b ey on d lh ~ runge or , iUI~«IAl l ? f ,Ibese .oPOrflj.~OIl" r cq um . '< i c O nl r: O l 0 If\!! '8hh'~, lI rrordl~1 111m ollporlu~uly .10 Jlcc()n~pltg.b

Al l Itwa s IIII I "H I ) , Iblb SllCCC~ (lilly 1 0 Ji 6 r . t fl l ' l \ i r lind 1nllmtOJlllJL(,-lI of I IL ~ RlfCfljjft 'I 'll Ii D

'Iili~ Il~.milc fr on t, n " Y " or -L oC ,v.bieb !lle~,I i ni rm u n o r m k, w h it !) b oi ll lt ' s ~.rv.xl. b~('lJooli'·.ccould s ll 'l ku i ll will, itWIIS .olonumhll')'" lO PoIYo1('r , lnud , lind ntH : lra' IIHIMrIllwon. Hili f o rw l I . . 1

II \ ' igo~ol.!S nirolTellsivo Wil l i I1CCt'SSlll"l'-(Il~ f<'I ' I<'8 !:llri!,. ,0.£ which !I ha d : >CO" , " " , w'", lot'atMd

lIivot o hunt out nlld (k.stIl(lY tbJllIlIUlLlS!.~ d\ 'ftnttlgc-ou~ly for trik( , JI."'l,Iillllt AU i It! (luj(.$

Qn d to driv ll Lho llCmnllJlIlil buck to b

. . . . . . J •

lillI! uu d II 'R in rnol1¥ifl~tltlnOOf'l w II ' ~ J !pp li e d byI l ' Inr l l.n!Lll_~fIOrI8t ' icm lines .

T lw m oh ili t. y to f til' . fllp DI • A ir f.~O""'I''wu

Ihus one of iH im ,mrlllll t cimltlC lui q I i O ' l . IIwu

th( ' tnt'III)'" pr8~I,iew to ~ . 11" , m l l j o r il . , f o t hirom bata irc rolt in IO ,...er nnr1l1l1 uud in IIrca><t'\'cn

mOrt" , .l i~ tO ll t, 10 1 .n(j :1 lthemIorward to hi>; IlII1lW[Io

ou dlrip ill C nunl I Iml northem Burrne, IlIId 10

slrik(' ( Iuickly. FoUowil l~ Ih r a Ua ck his praetiee\\'I).i

;to di!liIn<I'

h~Ilil'('rl:lh

t o v B ri OI J~ r O nl 'n rdstrips, l 'I '( o el t h em , 811t1 r lum -L O lhe eompamtive

s a. tr ty o f till' RII'!!I;OOfl i}ft.",·.,

c. ItIliui air tilr-'I(JI'" -To 01 )1 )-0 thi~ Of"b'll[Ji1.11'

Him litl'l'l,hlld 1".... \ Il mphl build'''I) duri ng. the

provious u mouths ill lIU!\'UriOli ollt'ftltiorl1l1

qlJfldrOl~~ or E.-\( ' . Tlll ' follQ\\ ' iug un·fIjj(.:l ' uum-ber of eom l.ll'lt n irt'n lJI wtn· n '-a il D J,Ir on rllI l"

indicnt", l.

r~L1<r>.

~ GIl III !I:lI

01....- :If: 1:;> ..\' I~ ~ 1~b rf t:

,IJl~. .. - - lD 1: ~q..~ ~ :I:' I:

II."'J m " " ". 11 _ _ ••• :..

~ u

R.........-", ,1,,_ . .OI><ftl,loMl

'T'I~1:a1. .. ..~ .. :II '-I

Q~~ •• 4 .:: = 0 : : t J

".,....-~tt101_

o;a X

0"",,1I<aaI < » j 2<4

.ltalM 19~~

So;!

. .12 '

;I,

I.)

MI

:II t:a

III

~~

J " .., Il'U

a irborne inv a ion o r N 'n tth B U l'I l)n , la un ch ed : ;

: \I Rr t. h 1 9H 1'-51 nn d 8 4.,. o r I J. .~ J ri ~1 A ir

, 1 1 1 m nd o roup CPro\ ,j io nsl), "h ie h \ \ ' " r

p cinJC W inW liI4" (\ pl'fliliol1, eo \.I'J'I'(I. r ne ln l' 0 11 "-

1iI", I" in IIII ' 1 ' 1 . ' 2 1 , priflr 10 the op<tl '8tion, I • II('U-

1 1 1l 1i u· n v [10 "iblo -Iapnn fi~htcr inlt'fr,·tNI '.

In Il w 2 ds) ' imml 'd i a l l 'b ' p" i I I I - : th.. oprm-

rion. !lloy bot tip 0 '1Il'my Ii:;'l rs on II! "ro!Jud,lind till' r amon- "1"mI'lldIlY," or I II" \rin 10-

'()f"hl1ll1 o jl il m ti on . \ \ CArried 0',1 \ \ ' itl1ou~ inter-(cl't'nce from th -Iapnn Air 'OR' dunn~

in il i al A nd c ri li ea l . l tIS"-Reeerdcd n Illy I ltriiJul. bl,- 10 Ita F

ond RAF uni for th period t.7 D t 'C ~ m lw r 1 9 43 ,10 31 }o( ) ' 11 ), • n 'g iv n in th • I bl below :

ri riLy \\1

: - . r o , . v I 4,

During th period, ,\ltll't'h. April , B.nd : \ C ! 1 : Y 194-1

II I ell Iny. I o f e ff or t mounlt ' d to 2.iOO rri

!< ig bt I or plou I lid w I th a n 3 rwrwnt orIhl' Allit'd elTort. To achio\'" th i , the .JOpIIU~

\ir For I I309 i r a fl c o ll li rm < - d d stroj -ed ill

rhoa ir o r 011 UWgJ 'Ount l , or som e 12 pcn:l'nl of

Ih it lT ort . w lu l th c om pt ll "f tb l( 101 ) (or Briri-h

and Am erica n fo am ounted I 230 I ~ r

I Ih. n on third 011 pe re n ~ o f Iii efiorl. Tht'

a ir. U I riorit,) , sta bli h ed d urin g til pt'riod 11 00 ,

no furl h e r em p h as is ,

f- l l igh i i 9 11U . I .!tlnt 1944-1 Jun« 1946.-';JullI marked Ii turning point i n Ih t' o pe ru ti on I

polic i o f II J .Japan A ir Foree, B 1 \ een tha t

lim an d (It Iall of RIll\goon. e rl in dt'finit

trend w ere observ hi, FinJt of a ll w as Ih l '

.f pan adh erence to poli y o f : r ed u c i ng tI(:1 i\'ily

IS

16

in from iw n, 0l. 'cUi flaUy how d II m selv ov r

I b fig1liilllC r rQ l lt , p ro bo b ly (or rnorilh· re n~,

bu t WCI' Il inl 'lTc ll li l' M II i1 l ' rMI h oc or oIT"n ill€!

fo

pMI, in p 'p ....tioll ( r Iii m I'e II

R ogool l by \1J i d I round Fort . ... ."Irik, w .

ruurl ugtlirul~ Moulllll'ill n l l t : ! l I ir fi f' lc l li i n :i8111.

Bnn Tnkli W1Ib ! .i t. by P :J fuul Xllkonl'll\\I II)

l id Kokc K Ihi l'm hy P-!jI''1. n th l!6JIl dllY.D-24', (' rt lb· P ,'. dropped O\'for 100

ton of bomb .. 011 )'lol)lml'in. ( temnanuo of l lt ·

Jo.Plll1f<;(, ,\ir For . wrre hDnl 14' ) f inti , bill iiI'"

·l1om." o .i r( 'm l l d (ro. ~ I l in d two dBmo~ ed II ru ..

count d.XollI ..illyl· 0 , : 1 1 'my irt'mlL auempt ~ to inte r-

r ro with th ..ni~d ee upation of Rn.ngoon',

which W II III key ity of th r- !!.II m . "

uti B um l8 I 'UUlPBign. tit lim RlllnStOOn

Iell, the Japanes ..\ir Foree · tl' l '~h in Bumlll

w as I 'A )IO Rll d 1 .111 tim ted m r l: ,. im u rn o f :.0 oi rr l " ll l r t

\1' I'll based in iarn.

g, •• ,mmo"?!.-B ed n dDt reI; we d and

udjudi ted by F.l13lcm J.ir omrnand, totalJIlPRJ1( '_ aircraft ,ltroYl'lIbr-LII"Ct'n l.j Deeembce

19n, and I .JUI\O 11)45, in ndin-Burma are RS

f ol low . :

DtoIIo~ I=~~-"'t' .... _.. - - - - I . . . - - - : - ~ .

1I\f •• • II: U

1---T....... _ .... m I

'I h 00 L in ai mil t the .\Ui'C1 ir ~ re

c ou nt r-a ir forte m issio n i~ diflicull, to

t he ir lo ss figltl'l.'. inc lude II I 'R irc ra ft II • I rayed

on'c I ooo~r4(ion m is ions, int ·nl.ielion, lind

ot h I IIiI' op I'Atiom. Tt l ligll~ Iwailllble

011 \ lLicd lIirerllrt I • dunll,J: th p... iod 10

Decembe r 1043-1 10-11) III'\! ummerized

blow:

16 Dt«-m be r IINS I J",..03

I d ue , ....en .1' Iy l!oI:IIC ln._ .... ~. _.... .... ••• ",00

p!'r3lional I ......... ....... ... • ... 70

I. RQultt oj tl. (1)11111r-air JOT« O~IUJll 0,

' 1 7 r r ttmcrtt~ rt dt '1 .1 t J 4 i 'fJ«b~1J1"",,,,UNli,

l ( J 1 v : - l ! opcrtl l iOIl It rt n ,1ollolCt!:

(I) Th o Ai r line of eommunic!ll iOI to 'hinl(

I\' • kt'Jl open 8 1 1r 1 U I . .rcby ' h i l l found tn·ns:t11

1

I Ul~llt4ill he rownmlNt RtfII r n'.lii IsuN 10

hc.'apln.: '.(2 Tb . iii. I m lund 11111 'I\ir {Ol\'l~ wro fre d

from l'nI m " sir 1 I 1 1 8 \ · k .

( ; 1 . I a p ~ . - ' t lOOp ' 1 1 1 1 1 1I ro ng p o i n ts opp in gl I l t , JUi. I l a n d fll • WI n: ',\"I m a l i ra l l, \' l 'l '< i u cC t :1

0 1 1 all (ron by p l l ' t ' i . : i o l l d iv bem bin t , f e l ' , -

d 'q ua rl -rs , a t l im t: \ \ill lin 35 t 100. a rt! of

O u r ( J w n r o o Th i, w ou ld n ol lu wt l b t : o ~ ns c e o m -

pli ,II I II! l 'l Ji c ir n ll y h a t! . Ja p .H Il ~ tig ht rs b e e n

a It" O\'~r ih batll 11 ' 12

(-I Jllpan ·Ii ' of r om m un iu fio fl c am e under• 11 ;.\, s ta t i l • pl'l'ci 'on aU . wh ic h c ou ld no t

baW'. b. 'n lJIollll~1 ha d th e .J~Ptlll'; d om i na l edtb tlJr.

• ~ ; ; l T h '\lIird ground s rr oi s , 0 0 1 1 1 on r ( l. () CCU -

P " n t : " tb I ' !Tai {B• . n 0 urma, "'~1'12 a f T o r o ( ' d unrc-~Inci mOllfffiell1 aDd' p plv b v air' ··lir Iport ... .1 " ,J mos·" h, llJJy Ilpplil>d, (h ey. ,M il Ih a t '. J '. _uch f i e ' H -d l - OJl J» .' l ng • ap l ln 10 ,clUlill c f 1 0

ground for m "em en, I I m l II .1 , fo ·~n.'bm;" , . t. " I I ' I P lI :. I aeed a n

• .,., u lea (l-ft(\'lIlIlllg Tbpor aJ~ra[ t wh id ," ' t r a n s - .

II i l l l 1 n d (0 • I r a I d \ lll' adl '8l1tag 10 llieJ COU n, !tal' op te d I• a p.1 I - d om i nl l . .. . l l' nIw ha d Ih ob' \"U 111'81r,

.. \tr Ch i r :' l f ha ll '" ImUn ~ op th :ffia~ . • '~ Kl'itl, l'llrk ilpllyArtioD Q\"J" D u n n a it ~.f- \ _ I l i e d e o u n t ( , l ' - - I l i r ( o r e '

r o ll o w ; : 0 ISdl.patch 00 ( hL p o r i o d

19

,[0 BUm lll ~Il e n emy t 'u jo} red III.· Ru vl in h lg < ! o f

Inl'lldJ_\' ",Jalt 11; 'illl Ib Burm durin muah

of th u lim e t b, ~Y o oo up il 'd t ho COUIII!!', This puth , Jilpa lit thl' I I l IPPY pi l i . n of l ll l\ 'i ng t h e

ral lw." e run [o r,lh m b y U U! reg ula r native crow,. \J th ou gb 1 11 (' lIuned.i.$t in t o f l l ( J Ja p nl'S e

Wag to c ru sh lh e o PJl O'" ili on in b in a an d prepatc

ror th e c onq u I of India, il h O ! l l d n o t b o ov c l' -

looked tb [ natural IJI'C of im lid BUffno

\ \~cru of grrn t "Ilu 10 th e cnWl.1!, B u rr oQ l in d• 1 11 mboth p ro du ce d ~lI t q ua ntiti f'which the ,Tap IJ fflll I llei~ linn;, ,0 l } C Q fromth' ",. • I1IIll r \ ' o oe Itl:m)" ...lib m ueh in nntll50me rub'" I

B • ' b •..l uee IInlIIrma eon.-n u~\I tun Wn '"nd 0'1 n '

. ' .. I. IJnllll a l s of lO" .lh toPPlI 'lg p lan t IJl htl k-)~' I IU I I " w h i ch pr o My m l tb ,III an u> ()nll~lg_

mellt for Inotor fuel Ihoug lJ" . P n!qUlJ'l)-. .. • ' I~ " 8 SS U J ne d t h Iw . Ion ~ jlllC wa.' inworted l a

Eut fndi' "rOI'l'O\'rr th . ro~ th D ulehlry iJ r f i n " n , 1 l N l : : 1 . I I 1 M W

tCiC8 in U l " . eeuu-

B . ,11111 P O W r I. unite " 1 m I1IIn 11Irrt' fo", 1101 I PAil ,m at r i f t . ! o J.p~ b t p' lied Oi l Y t 'XJ)Ortedrho

0. 50 pere nt o r th e r o o d tI~ pe~UlPli lIS llIuell{b . en m v (0 d.~ ntlin O ·1 1 1 4 1 ' f l l l i requil ' t 'd b, .t.. g unn• ..J, ~ul(l(ftf 01.'«1 11l1I~ "t ,• • . ',/ CfJfIl1 1 l.lu I'

pnnclpuJ po~ at w hi ch 1 I J. .IQI 1 1 m . 'fhoI I d • . I . I tJltIH h d i,(I . n upph "". ai 0 9 8 !blended.\ft'rJ;lli, TI I I·OY . ; \rOulm t;in":m I ':i<ok,. il1gapon,

nch orn • of tta bjb I; J cl, ll~JgoolJ an d I. :! 1 0 1 , n. Only

20

exc lud ·d from th e udlUl lOJJ . 8, not \} rc ;ou thoy

wr r uuk, bu be u thl ' \ ," W uld ha v bern

~unk had they,a,p(loUIln:<i. Tiu'.J pnn did 1101

dlu'(l ri~k fhr·ir d in dlin g (onllng: L th be,"

l in d m i ne of Ih J\UiIl'lJ ni r rH)WN'. T h .. .I'lfl'Cllll'8!1

to v 'r mw r lit li fc lin of lb .JupUII( 'mpir.

,lIttor!.- flfJllir; t gfOlllld linl' < if t'41111"'HliCl1-

/jan.-Priol ' 1. 0 I hl ' f or m t. i 11 of till' J o : I I l I ' r n ,\ir

cmmnnd, Hi D· -mber I ,la, 0\' r-all air Cun '

oprrational program ,, ' re roerd ineted Ih bv

mu t ua l I 'I g re t· m l 'J lt hetWI'NI RA P and AAF (011; '

m Rnd ~ con rned . B" 'II tit ug h th ( ' nalionaJ

intcr I>of !'t'ni Britain find th United llIl"

in Ih i p ar t 0 1 U te w rI d WI.' m ,w ha t ,Iil'crg nt

1\ r meDts \\ 'I1f(' r aeh . .. .1 b~' th nior sir o m 'n;

wh i It t l lb li l ht ' d policies fO T ,) Ion of ta JgC ,

I nd (d, at this r u l l a mere harm nieu n-Iation-

h ip p re vn ilc d bc tw 11th \.rm ,' •.\ jr Fo lind

I II , H oya ) A ir Force th an 1 ', . It'd h ltw n th e

HAP and the BrilL h land Iorees, Iti II tribute

10 the air o ol 1t m ll ll d r s cone: rn d t h a i III ir

ta ctic al a pp reeierio n of th pro blem tra nst" (!od l'd

th lim ita tlons of th eir ow n s m and lh till 'w ere ab ll: L a I Ig " " upon lU I a ir pJ 'O t,> r8 l1 l. I I w as

decided, in any 1 42, thl'll th " major Irall 'c ic air

a ction w ould be dire led again I lin of eem -

muuication, Ti t more full ( I" ,-eloped con p-

I ion for, trill iair opera lion Will to come lster-«I I . ! t he p a tt er n of tb g round campeign l ind th

l )Oi i l' o f bo th g o\'" m tn en w r e la ri fi cd .

D uring th e fin;1 2 _\'C"l'S of t .hc w ar, slice u l

air op ",Ii lIS n 1\ sm all " 81, W{>rt' carried ou t

I\g ll im t tb ( ' n (,DIY ra i l , ay ~Y'lcm, per , h ipp ing ,

riv ! 'S , road. tmd \lpply dutups=- 'ously bern-

p er in g o ll em y operlliiol an d ft nillg h in l up for

the m inI; otT r j \" •

rdinar ily the Roy..1 A . i T F ree persted al

b ort m ilt : within 2 0 m il o f bS li !' . and th e " .

A rmy Air ]I'; re • look (hI' 1 ng·mlll!"' Ill"I ,

R ft i d w r; c er ri oo a u I' lge in . tmily ; 'my nuu'!lh linyam bridg . rolling stock, loecm h' • rivl'r

cmrt, i'l •on theread, and oil instellat lon .

By Nov ()moo t 19 Z, Ih e II '.' bombe rs w r

t 'l lidin~ deep into nCl!\\' I rlilors. The long I

fl ight in rh h··(oT. 'or s e n 1 \I rI"m up t th n

tim \\'8' eom plish ed in bornbin I I, oil r finer) '

al B l ul ,( :k ok ( ro m th ba se ut 8 :! m , I I 3 , QOO .m i I

round tr il) , Ihor important 'culm under t l Iul\ckwe i ll R a n j l: o o ll , "Ctlndulll. 'I", Tlll lz i JUllction, La hio,

and MyilkyiUll,

21

'.

By pl m b r f 1943, 65 P rt' ut f th roih\ '8) 'S to m ill B urm a h ad . h ee n c rip ple d A nd th o Jllpn.II .~ W Ill fillding it dillicull (0 moinMin ond upply

tholr north Burma {otc , Thes o pc mtio n \I !( 'riJ

condu ted w it It u th e u dVl\lIlllg f unifi( l( l oi r

eoummud lind with noever-all Inlt~ic di rwtion.With tho t 1TIl>lion oLE If-til Air ommand,]5

D ~ ('m b cr J 1H 3 , i t w a sp es sib le to d , ,~ lo p l in d pulin t Pilm I iO ll I I v NIII i ll t I 't L i< . -t ion p ro g nl nl f or

t h e I nd i e- Burms urea, In pursuit of HI(>pro\'ioup mil O J inst lint of eemmunicetien with inBunno, t\ roulI-J'I'IIinl pro m .m hod beef] ~I L 1\.

rcquL it, Th t \lr point o r thls p ro grn m w ern' follows:

•'lfUiT.-.R., ilrod w c re to be ,truck most,

r r C < j u nlly, b e 1 1 1 ' Ih Y w c r, Ih mD$ t i m po rt a n tt 1 '\ l 't l n_ o f I I portal ion in th area,

&CO!'o"l).-Rail F brid would rec iv flm~

p ri or i : \" , 11 Lboy were I h m osl \ ·,d JleN lb lIUld the m o I difficult 10 ",poiI',

TnlRD,-ln b om bi ng r ni lr oa d ., IlII ItLt mpt", , "OuMhe In de co i;; I l l t e >"Wlncn! ' of th e JU l nd

to d troy th e looomoth ' " snd rolling lock

l r8 o d l' d i .J ( ol ll " ec n till' br k to pr v ('n t !m nsf ITof mak!ril'11I single bl't'IIOL,

F o RTU.-Dil crsily 01 tta ek w ou ld be ('m -p !o .r~ to c on fu se Ih ~ o em ,"

l .o<.!~t i . . 1 ~ , bl o r III .J panose n u s indicale<JIhn t, 10 ad d I li on 1 0 t l1 lp pl ir -s procured 10~11l\' it

~ s n ry 10 tl1lospon d it. 0\' r I b 'r: .il-ro od o f B u rm n 49 ~ t en fo r I h e g t 'O u n d fo rces nd11 3 toll for th lUI' lore • m aking n (olul of 603

to~ per rI",y, ,This WII " ' el l l I elo \\ " t h e ostimnloo

rn ~ d eb~g capac i ty of 900 Ion. pel" do~ ' ,n" ropoc i l y tea" ' ' (4 '{ cu i b lJ (IiI "«ion t o l ei S 111~tI16 0 (on. " .1 / 6 u .JamuJ"!) 1 !}4J j ,

• T hl : ! B um lll iam 1 ' I I ; l l ' O I \ d l<) tem L a d I Iinherent w kn ' Jr~

PI I I ' , -Therc w~· II la ck 01 id ",,".: ._ 1 . a m es over

WlllCu tra ffic m igh t b run il th Yllrds' I('(:JIIN"" Bn lI1!kok P r.· 10 u 1a n d ) ,J a n d ll l y "'ft~" l'gU, ,!Atp d a n , l ) yi m o tt Jl ll

n"." llleapaClle(OO.P'(;OSD. -Tht'r wa II 1011 '

hcJwctn n ngkok a n d P g ~ np ?1420 m ilan y POint, 'ouId v ' ~ \\ h, lch If broken t.

I r 1,1 ,Ibm D n d n. ~ . an i n cr c a i ll g h ' ill1.u~lllIn VI \\' of th I' . porI nL pO. IbJh~v

ex c Ion of ,Jllpon I " •t ho DOr t! !of nurrnn. ' n p PI 1 \~ f rom

TIIIIIJJ.-Th~ \\' r ill I}urm I0111'1' 10 0 (rl'! loug an d J76 II IIIOl~ 12 6 bridgCl lr"l long 'Ih 0 11'1'hMlig 0\1 r 40

. II lui bombi l l o r IIny two

22

f r el ' " r oud II,)' l 1 ' ll l \ \ h id l II'd 0'1 ' r th e h en H ilb II )

t ll o J a pn n f b lo c ki nS ! I Ii i' o Jl t' ni nl : of I I I ,i ti lw c ll R o ad . 011lli· fira t I In( 'k . ' \' 'nI l L ridg .

w ro wrrekl'(I, Iil ))l of tmck torn up, loeemo-

I i" n ll(l rrnin \\'1 '1" maeh in . .gwHII ' f i , u nd t ro op

wr u ~ tm r l'( l, T h l! ! 11m .. ubsoqu ..nlly " keJll

und r het \O r ttl!ck an d JI \\ r('flCleJ'-d p l '1 l ' .

Licolly II. ~(I i" ,; l 10 th e .fllp nt"'C.

T I l i ll t( o l~ it y of th anacks n eommulli lionin cloher 1" nu!y b· IIl("ll1'.lJr('d}' the rl'lXlnl

r til " 'O\ l! ' Hund r ed Ilud X iII Ii · tll BOlnu rd -u nd ro n, B -2 6 ~ uip p< 'd ., w hi( 'b d ' lro~'lodJ:I

bridg in th fil'lJt J3 du y 01 label' nd ' I) runt l. s qu ad ro n lotnl past th e 1 00 m a rk .Tn N vembe r 1 9 • • 24, bom bed und w recked

the ( llm ou. Bnn Dara Brit! ee 'pnnnin' I h NOTO

Riv r" mil llor1h of Ban~kok, 'I'hi hrid'

"'II 3 G O r :ellong. In Novembe r , 24 alsomadIt \'Y and u ~fuI l '1Iidf 011 the ~ r ok~ II work·sh p$ in Baugkok , wh id l Wl'I'(' left b ln z in g , a n d a ld troye d tho Iw in 1\"Orks itt J bD : <l On ,

Th o fil'lJl A zon (I t '1 '1111)"a dio c ootrolkd bom b)

JU' io n Will fl ow n o n 21 D ec robl'!' 1 1 J . 4 . . J l . I y Ill,

'- v nth U .1\ 'Dom}, roup \\;tb B-24. .b.on\\'6' Ollt tBnduJ;gb u ful in India-Burma,

mnny. ., bridg in II y bcln rd tro~'ed by(Iu.:.· v enth B em bnrd men: roup w ith I ll c rsdie-c on tr ol le d m ~ iJ •

l <i u1 h cr C ' O Il 1, pl ie nl in g t b J pnn diJIiculti,

I.. I l - ( wet dropped along thl ' rai lro ds, I \ l tmingtil" 1It1 .1 iI ' , 1 0 k p nwny , Irl t IIi. en 1I'l'llcif

roport!tl ( rom the f ield (1) t Ill' Itllet wefe

e1l'oc!i\", and e th y~flr 19"( opened, hugc1 entn of t h o n aU .. .. roil ~d cr \ \ d e ·t·rt edth JIlP nes I II\'\lry in nvenicnt moment ( r

th o I'D Il\,V,

ntillbc fall of Rangoo l l , the pres u re \ \ '1I11\' r

10 k IIoff th enem y lines of eennuuuicnicn. TIl t 'e m p ni o' ll tig8 in . l brielg r ol lC h ~ it lim u: ' on _4 .

AI)ril, dl lY b efo re t ho umphibioui IlIlldill~ III

n n goon. " f \, hN' til vellth Bembnrdrn -lit ro\IPsem ,12 8 24 r li es agauH l l il t. B un gk ok - R 9T1~UnliJWtl)' lin. As R N .-ult of (h i ; ; Ill' eJT 1'1, 3 0hr idge$ 11'('1'(1lie l roy ~ and 1 dam •• '1 1 between

KanclulIlobuti and TI~byu~l'alJ by bolh .tT.OI1

and 1 w·1 ve l uaeks.I Ic u rn ,' Jl ll v \ \ i l h ihls " 'I I I I I i d tructien

o fn lil a nd r o l l d com muni IIlion , ri\'11I' am i 00 ta lc ra ft, on tho inlund 1 1 ' , 1 1 twa;)'!!, p ll rl ic ula rl y th e

Im ll"lld tQ ' R i er lI lid d , I ld , rit. h '(I l~i\'4lr

nd ( 1 11 ) eo lal WI ( 'tilC m U lJ de J"c om t8nllllt6.llk,

A lot I or 2,67i ri\ 'C~rllnd CQllS!tII cre(L \ r

d troy, ' \ ! bt-l \1" n 15 D C C < ! m l - c r 19-1;) l lmi I

. r e n u i u ' , , ' 19.jJ.

' .• ~ack. Q!JIlin I iRliu t r i al taTgt l , uthe,"

. \ i n o ff er ed filII' indus! riul ( .u rg e l " til\! destruct lO U

of \hi It \ \ould h al' h ltc lll ll p pr cc i h ie e ff ec t II{b e .rAp n !.\IU m i l c h ill II, Tho m ajo r w orth -

w llile I lJ:' Is , -ail . hi w II ( ew e ll -f ie ld i .n t al l. l-

linn Bn d n!lilll'n '. 111January 19i4 the oil fipldin 'tt illa f n . 81 Y ou DJI,.\'8ung \ ' , \ 'i rL U ol ly d e-

~ll'OfL'<I an d i l l . \p ri i l he , hnuk gll lin plAnt sn dling w r w l're . '" 'r 'Iy dll. l l log:oo. Tho

Th i l awu I 'C . 'f iu y a n d til [_ n yw a p lnu t w ere ulso

bom b ~ nnd • Iff; re d b '<1\ Ii I ll li gc , O i l l 't -O l 'l ll (o

lau~\ e ro 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1 k\'tl P i l e i m U D Y lb oU S6 Uc ls of

J'l'SlIoJl!' ot gil lin ' M d iJ w er e tic t ro ye d ill

SIOI'll ·0. fhe (Itlacks C leila short g of ga so -

lin , both for.Jap n m ilit I)' p un l io n. an d IIIdoni tie econom y of th coun tq . w o o inereasine

lit d em nd upon JIIJ>3n • hipp ing.

G . OpOT llifJlUJi al'~ ;«, rat 'aic an d interdictiOIl

f J ]JUIl IWn, 16 DtcmJJ(r 1948-1 JU .¥ l 1946.-.J., . eom -

plel compilation of th 0"1"(' ' ' '011 I?ITort 011 nemy

lin of communieat i n is no possibl du 1 .0 th

flct nUll all type; ; oillircn'l ft from fight~ to Ilea \'1bom ~~ \\ 'l'1:l i nv olv ed u nd er v a rie u c om m an d .•

and th reco and '(olisti al\ ) inc om plel .Tb rollo\~in IJlDn n b documen t 1 (tOIl

re of thl! e lf l1: •

- -- - - -- .- -- --, -- - -- -- __UI,I»I

3 .,

-, Buull•.-Tlte r ul of th o~raliollsar' awnma.riud blow:

RI l tOOD & ! l e i B a n ! le ok w • ab andoned lIS portl iof entry for Jllpan", !lipping 'IIr ly in 1 !l44.

D ay od JJigbl !lUll!!" r e lu ~ Ulil O\'(:t~ JI

WQll'r tonnllge etl.lTi d up I 1 . t I ! eoML to Bu rmA , by

wood n eout.crs f ind IULmPlUllI to It · thiln o o DI.on" per d l lY,

Th o B an .g kok }Ii~ ng ma i r iJ Ii III' W i l ium., 1 01H ld Ii: n upply lin b )1 tlrch)94

The c arry in g ea pllc iL y of til Ba l l~kok-Th l ln

byu?: yllL-l'egJI rollw Y ....Il: r ullccd rrom 0 0L O to 15 0 LO ' l i ! pe r day by .] flJ lu ary 1 94 ,6 . T ho

H Db 'OO I I- :" lu nd n la y lUll R n go on -l'r om u m il-

24

ways wero c nm p le te ly in op ota tiv C ! b y } '\ lh l1 l.1945 , ~pcrn t . tOn8 nn d r UU A ar b ri( lf ly u mm nr iz ed

o r th 100 ra ilw fty 10 'omoliw, Id t ill B y 1 w, ,III 1 I 1 1 . ~bl'g illn ing of th o Wi ll " p i li . :J O imported /1 1 , ~ . M at ll l t~ (1 I1 ~ .r if Ih tl!lIrit~ tJ j .t/I~ fJir !"l .IlJl t tr.

: \ [I\ la_ 8 and 20 Iru -k loecm otlv " 1 :1 0 Wl'I'(' 1unu,:-;\hllnh~Ulmg tit ~ • IInty . f tb il Ir II~

ou L of om mls inn by iii II ail' 01) rn l io ll , Ito . ,1111\11 fl..'(J uired b o, Ih p ro tc e ti cn of th e H.lr

TI JllplIIl W rc eempol led t 'lfi t .cmunnl anll prot 111m of til Lran pOl' IIIt I . . ~ I Ill~ Oigh t . Iuitiully, d fol1ll.e WfIS II d i ff ic u lt r t a sk ,

r oo l) a nd SIIPP y movemeuls to h ou l'8 of da ikllT I T Ii I b L M 'Lk' K 1Ith roughout Bl t rmO, I • nplIlI~ If; I ter ~ , )'1. J III II, I I 18

I l I k I r I . ' I ' . and D hnD lO w r on ly 30 mm ut nlgh~rom the• 1 1 . ]U . I I l ~])S O il' ~ ~ ~~ en Hl 11 1 1 I I ry 'air ro u 'II _ IJ t Himah ya.s b t.w II J Ian d

m e dic al 1 l1 'P h O il al l figltlU\g rrort~. Kunmil lg . 'rrim port, a ir roft a va iled th em lvThe m ov ern ilL of .In]llllLc"'(' Bnnl~ IUUJ (b.of 118 much loud CO\ 'C I ' II: no ibJ a nd til rout

prop r rN J ploymonl . to 111( ' ( 11 . the ' Al Iwd o t tCI l ! lW8 putroU iby A m riea n f~ btllrs of th e }I 'h.

I0. d l . 'J u yed and hOlllpcrt~ to uC.h 0 II I 'x t ' ut ILUlflU ' and Three-huml d and TW'lllil'lh J\ ir I

fhey be sm e empl wly d~O rt'ftnl~A ,(1 . . . (IlS O Wing 8~ Dinjen, r L 'J li s W8 . iI eouph-d , of

' rhe l lSO 01 m nn reus lUl'fieid' III I lo rth B urteoun lO w illi 01 T n s i v o ra ids '011 tit northern

w ~('nicd th 011 m y due to his innbiliu ttl . Jf lp nl l· '. b '. nnd on a;l'-wnnling y kill. 1\"0'upp bc ' a nd fll",1 forword. ra dor uu it w ere inst31 1 d ill th A.S8Ul a re n o nd

By D~crnbcr 19014.nlli. d IIiI' notion bad redlHlglW (air warnin to tb 'lJujor \ &111air h 8$ ..

th e gaso l in preduetion II I Burma by DO I lcmOroUlld-ob rv l'• utiolls wore labli he d us fOf

and had d ·troy (I percent of tho oil- tOJa lo r lynn l ill lh Nf iguHill lIS (1 i bl '. Personn I

capacity. of many of til grcuud-observer s tt lli ou s w ere

The ntir c iv ilian ec onom y of Buml8 Iipa raeh utcd in to the ir s it . a nd w 1'0 uppli d by

upset. ~rhc Japalle&;,l ha d hopcd to make Burtair.

• ell upporting in th WIU ' elTorl. Winl h e d en , lInd I .h Jnp nor·of o il and go liM to el vi lia n rn oj ec :ts n ud thomed and nggressh' in lit enrly dlls of ITl impdl ! ruplion of interior e()llnnuuicnlioll, the t·operation and had i approoi t d OJ' uh ima tn m ic c .o pa .o il: )· of Ih o COUllt • Wll n.v'r d v>l lu of iJU) Hump , it, undoubtedly collld IIM'C

"d oped . Th e JOIl8ne<le. w e re c ompe ll ed 1.0 d ll i nm c l d flil' mol' da m tholl i did . Hai:d

h' "ill' 0.11 t i ll!' ci\'ililill r S OU rce llnd u\· ntn w e r e po rn d i c nml . nP l> c n rl !<i . to follow uo dcfimto

a li Cl lfl l, oo w b at . h a d b Il II. (ri 'nd l . I)oop lc . plan . lnt recPlio n~ d lit . mids 01 1 i t . . ! ow n

Titt OUNlil r: iltull oj IllUt op 'a/i011lt ~ o I ! ' t bww s a p po rc .n ll v OOl lV l l ICOO .It, tlttlL. a Lt~I I I I )h ; nL

8VCCUt}ui 1. ola l iol l , di or!laFliza,jofl, and d ec il l 'l a ( i. inwrC'rcllco W NJ m.or c o o U Ih I I I m l) or t ilLoj JJJ{llJn ~ t::omoollrl»p8 ill Bllrma. As Ih e g round ror~ nol\ 'Anced d own tlte

I lllkaw ug nil· ' Am cruU lJ l fi It t r 8qIlOtlrol'

SectiOn IX • WN'O 1 ,68Cd lit.. bingiJwiyolIg Md Tiugk{lwk t kan,

normo, ( o rming a l)C l th'c' n to !Jle air-AIR D .EBF SE OP.ERA.TIO .S B U P l > ! Y billK'$ in • Ill. Th('.sc fighi.()fS II , also

I Gtmtral- E" u " ·o u . .I' '0 " • hs III r ntlv 1\la!; ousl." located 01 ng [I I nir- upply. ., w .. I nlr ,lIl>.'n flu) I . ' r dirt 'Intll~b( )CDJ!ljlublisltcd by ' ;\.1ay ]94'J iL \ \" 8 n cc es s8 n~ t ronlco. ~lw rc piton. rom ll. ,.roun - e .m aintllin lU I a ir ,I , '1.0 t J • . d WIIB J) " I bl e n nt l patrol oclmtr WI\! de rcn.'led

"\J '1()l1l!e systi'm IW l!lr~ . , I .IlllOfndie nuill! lIlCO ro' .1- r· ,~ f LI J Bpl I IO O O r uU l G y .

• ~lmo 0 rcm llJlll .. . 0 Ill. ," , 'oh (I Ap t of MnitL."ill$ !lirsln]) bII An' Foroo..Ii' tl I . ,\h.. II ~., "" ~ .-

d { . o.r ~ mo. t pnrt, . t Ie a A lii 1 round fore '.'1 ill ;\ (n· 1 944, it ~Ill' 1111 -°t C ~~ I s,~ 1 { J m w~ • lillie l Iud WItS. bUll! , u.l0

111I

e s s : r y to p lraJ th o Hump rout. .\mcri.Cltll

Ii t t ' . ( D ~ lU I rndor, grou l ld Q~lT\'II' I I Ii {; h hl rt l b l I:d til Myilkyiuo ronnoo 1\ S Oli Il18' I (lr .8

lfcrafL on g ro uJ ld u lc rt, f10WO\'Cr, It wh it th c {l 'c : t iv tly di'COIICll(pd JapnnC!'o op(,.rlltiolls

I) ro \ c ll~ n of JlUllclr ,I of LrllllspOrL ai r ' ran, bo t ltorLh o r lit lin Mvilk , r in l l -Mug tum ' . HOlI'uvor.

~ :: , I I, . l J fI lp Op(J ra t iOI lS nnd cng:n.g d i n I II I~ pl In f ight."n; 1\'i'!'O-r I incd in I h • lliIlU ' nUl IY,

PPIUS 011 th h aU l, fron16 , a c rla il! P?n(l(1 anrl 1I • Il ingbwiy fij{ I llld 'l'iugkl\w k nknn,rc<lllIroo th o U8 of patrol-I lghl<jf COl'''f.'I II ' 1\" B ~

an o() rlllio)l or no • m a ll iz . Th oir-dertlW UMUII.

'[ 'I I d "rC I! FW I n 1T0rdl'd III H um p o pl 'm t iO f l! .1 1)'

priJJcipl\ lIy ill lb ng g rt iv ' n or II I A IM ri II I

fi · hw r p il ot, who went H4::r tJl' I'llI'rn.....mlhl ' rIholl "" 'Biting fo r hi m to Ink ' .Front loll 'f 19H unti l th e end 01 UI(' WIU',

no a ir raiL \\'('I (j , rved ro r a ir d " r l ! 1 l N ' 1 of dl(,

HWO I ) rou to, D uring th is pt,riod, Ih T· II r

'ore \1' Hying hundr d or Jlg h t r rti d u il.

fllr FOUnt 0 ;\f ik liln , A pcc in l figbl('l'lo

opera tions boa rd w tubli h ed in til : \ lyilk"IDn

nnd B hflm fi~h t( 'r- (m lrof C -nt 'Ill on w h i II IIfight r High in till' n ir w er e continuou Iy pioU : - ( 1 .Thl'SC airborn Oigb CO l iitu ted th d ((lIllie

wh ile Ih ~ 'w r eurry illg bomb" to th e L'nl!m~.

Lb " \\(>11 u nd er ra dio eoutre! und could I

il tO lllly d iv ert 1 to . lilly nrl'll in wh ich an on-id n ti fie d p lo l I Ippe I'C I.E,' n th ough Ih tUr-\\'flnling s_ tCJII .....l..

'k tcby and th ir p trol W 1I ,- 'r u(ficicmto t h w n r t un III:®' 'vo 6 1UUOY , t i l l > IIi.. d u f C J l . l > e ofttl nir rout to M m wes lid qua t ,4' ,<jdC1!ced

by Ih o foJlo\ \ ring I ti lies:

It_I> I1ttn.It rroblH1 d~~1

bJ-" ........\t, .:.It......... IIcnrIl

Blk.",. .... 11 ftIm'<'I'I b1 "'rtlthII< '_III Il10 .. .. -- '' B. .. l b t n I > _ , . . . .

II, n.

3. liT dej(1I oj lite a/rutla UJ'C4.-The doc"",

intlu tr iol BroIlS, "u d jr i. l .n I Ja l i oru in ll1t~ itl-

ClitiA! I\rea w ere' trem ely im p rtanl t lh . \J l im i

miJilory cfl'orLin India-Buml nu d t hiull, Tbl)

p ro te cti on o r t hL ure w as 'sig ned to Tw o lfun.

d r. .' d l Jn d NiIIl 'Ly.ChinlWing. RAF . llitfiro am iI I ~ 1U l ii th l c r ~uipp I. . t aud t nl ir-d ( ru;

;) ,t( ln t \\ ' in t nl lt -d n ndW

ad ~u t to IlleW !;k. A ir, g unci, anli sh ipping pt'rntiou;s in tlw

CAlcuUn Breit pro~d subs I nt.jaLly wlll tuuL

iut.crr"rellcc from (It· Japan' . I 'orec. 'I'll

la, I I I I .' ll i. v tt li d \\'f at I t 'Dlpted al l hr is lm l \S (l\'e,

I -l , by th l'l! lig h t bolJ1be~, II or which WI.'

h ot d ow n by night f ighlcn;.. ~1ir o ; / < n o j Ik Jlml:arJ and Implial a Fr o ,-

itnilllr te I L' '1 '1 '1 11h Air Force oJ) m li. ol ls i ll lho

II rIb l3urll l l \ lin' • tllc .U· '1'\\'03 Huntln.'tl and

' l 'well~y-fll ' ! l t .roup ttlct.iCftI nin: :mft pro' idcd R-ird J I' o f L b~ ImpJUlJ I 8 nud Two Hund red ud

'! 'wulll iy.!ourlh roup,. nil" pl'o\ itled ir dl 'fcnso.

2 S

c r t 11 1i~AR k II !lNII. O n til 1Mf r o ! l l i < . both g r o u n d

a nd ll ir i m ;l .u la li cm i ' Wl,'ru l I t 1equZl tl 'b ' d~ re l\ d { '( l ,

OIX'l'IIlioru. rennin!!, orEDoothly w ithoul ~~Ib<;h!1Uidl

inlrrl'I'Il.'DI:t" f r o m ill , - em~11lYai r r o m - . O J) rnl i ( l n o l

Sldli,liC$ folio" ' :

- .---u: Dec. " " ' " I ' I I~· '" II,)u",IfU 'f_~ I

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - - - - - - -

\_ . .- ~ . I. . . . " ,. . , . , , . , . , . . J 10 1Iii'.

I,"~"'"II> st·

s. ,.Jj.. Cf Jr~1 ' IJ j IN 11 ~rl 0.jrrl'tlJt f'WPP/!liIIg 10,..

1MrU . 1 !1 ' (d < ' r. - T h o P I ' I) t < ! iOI l Q f ~ U F a n d U A F

~~pplrdl'Qppjn~ Inlllsport.;wllS th ., m ~ t. ~ II ,

a ll '- de re lt s~ o po l1 ll io n i nt vn n. ~ o f l 'O r li ~ l io n n , Ia L< o ~ id !be I ea !iL d iv id en ds in enemy ai~hln

IleslroyOO. Tb e btllWIs of tJll£(lOP ru i icms WCfl)

Illyeb' Dl'gativo--in diu'l the 1/IUlmy weuhlhave

a ll '4 ck l'd I he 1.!WlSllOR airerart . if thoy ha i l not

becu p ro toe t ,- d lJ y I i .gh le r pa t rc ls . TilL" 'oporllliollpe~ ttl'd the Iarge.sea.lo upply by nir to \1 1

.Mlll" .011 aU fr on ts. B eu ve cn D t ' C < l m l i c r 1943 a n d

J u n e 1945 , 3, E 1 1 1 m A ir om m end tneliea l

1~Il' pol1 ~'cto lost to t ll l'l lly ac ti on , g TO l Ul IJ i!lldIill", Ippro~ll'lla.t I) , ooe-tbinl·of l it is n um b er f al li ll g

" " ' ( o \ ' < · CUCllI}'f ighll'~.

Section X

THE ROLE OF AIR POWERWfTa RESPECT

TO LAND CAM PA IGNS IN B URMA

. .~ [ ",rja l 4rok~J' Tlil:bu..ie thinking D ud ill-

~ . " " .1 " 1 0 :) ' .d~\'elopl'd f ur lb e h 'a )1 )' II I< 'O I 1 0 'urm a ....113 h m g t '< : l 10 Iii OOncqplll of . f\I:o.nnrll F· "" I' Uf IIr'

; • '. . OU!>.IOV('f ~hl'moe l irJ !U: : (!cs<blc I ~ra m In th., world th e b:1 lL11~ ' I 1 ·1 ( '~•• ~.. b • ., OII 'U (I X ' C l l lr : oe l .l " r-IZuu y tlie follol\'ill$ : l" IelntU [,,: . .

(I, Lalld II:l'IIIi"" " 'ou]'] .dYIlIIe(l t ..mran i l . ! H I d l 'f lI OC u ) ' ' 1 . • . . . >YMI!:,iIlG• l l i n ' I J J I Ie 1~l '1 ' IIm b : ) ' d l> ft tl li lW o n IJl'l'. I:' I II" ('rlcmy. ..I

b. I,.Mullin Q I OOllllllUllicol iOll wouJd . :.

~:!~~'IDd 11!>C1lforce1lH'1I1llcnco I h u V . ~ : ~ ~c . A ir power would l U ll C li ol l1 lS U '1 "

f ! I IUX! ! 11 'r y unn

2 6

II.",

10 : r u m i . 4 1 oC":lI li0I101 ~lcrg(, IIO)1l1!r BliPI ' ll ' , l i t t ' I

U8(.;;s&lWO, nrhll~ry n d , J u 8 I t n C l n t , jill" d cfc msl' . dl lchmt to mnke II bi d (o r Rangoon . 'rhoy'1Ut"'l-dicti~n w ith in Illll div~ioI1Plcoucc,Ptij)J1 'a l :iOlLoo Iho~bility or t ht l o il ' f or ce II) lUlJiulain lilllir

! il lb sl it ul o ( or h(!Uvy ilrtlllery. ! ' O O p s . dunng lim 111011110011 . 'rhC\y pre forrud LQ

I lewcvcr , here, by th o "'Ilry lIuLIII', Oflbe tllll.!JIi Ii u liM !\COO. I lumlll.Wlllh of ~bmdnl l lYr a in , l Iin)()worWZIIilw ! ) ( ' comu Ih o Illll.jr,rrcomba LJI•1.w~lit. ~o r th o nox ] , d l ' ) ' ~ ( 'n .~n hor~I'(,~u{lcking,po\ lh)r B I I lI I 1 10 hind fore wera to beeome I l l J : I > i l ' t th~ . II III0 u ll Jilpilli . eomtuuluootlQllS ' 1 l ) om

i lollt l H u pp or ti ug f or ce s. 'qBugkok north weI' (> blltICf\"d, ThocncUl¥ WI.\.,

Jus t . a . l a n d I I. m li es c s nn ot walk or gai l I '1i. 'IOrgtIlli7A:·d t o 1 I1 l'c :d .I )n t I lm t O!W lii~plnll(llollded

nle 'orlll Po lo, A J J iC l d ln n d armies could l1ot7 Jill th o pd~ L look o,'or. l~llllgO()U,. , , !!!gh,~ .llI lI lll( ' ( I ,

neress Burl1lll. M l a b l i ! l ' i o u ] ; l j .' draJ!gingoohind t~~nJ M8), 1 !)o16. Ye~ l J A l I I L o r gMl lml eemmeruters

n g r ou n d lineoro(lmmullic ,ntion.~. -to I l ni ,vo , . . ..· . 11 (<<1 to l ' I I I I S ( ' M . 'ndet!. to, , \~ lulltc I h .. , d nmngcfully q qu ip pe d a nd s up pll ed , m id ahlo to lil!bh~f( 'flcly d,on by ",rl)O~\ll'r-:r{ulcd to fully npprl>-

defcaL I lnonlrcnch«1 InnnH" II a nd d te .,. I 11.10 tltc. tf(lmo.lltloWi. . t(l . c.t l. cu l . l I( h 'o u ln g~' . I I II lY. .. _ .. I "," (I enllUle.l ~ ,_,.".' ., .• I .,.Tattel'C d rcm nnnt .. o .f·ll " I . I ' II():<"~""",,., II! 1I1r mO.'OUlrll .t., ill o.lr .s.U[lP•.1,.I!I!U !II

--" re nilS' 0- 1I1 lC>lC fOI<·· ,'_ osed t 'r .under Gancrol .\\1e.,(llndcr a nd General ti l .. If SUtIP! 'OI"lf~eJ'l'I';lII}.1 6 pllUW . (lIt fl IlII)Uc;r of

Irn"'I'llg' ln In I ' • \ · r . , 10'" I · . ' I ' • . ' ! l01I.19:1 urmg wl!e: , C , Ul c !wI I lY mig_ I I recntre!l'b

I. .. .18 II I. . '. tn ...... 11\(· glvl!n I I '·1 . I' l I_ 0 • to jh e cond lei . ~f . .' ". • m rl 'Orgrmlr.o .us !'(lIJlJlll!lt.. ,. WW; 011.yont.l~

:~ n~ to B 10 conu~lon 0 a ll n fI ll .) l W I· I· ]. c! 1I I. . l ~ i renee o f > ;j 'n io r Allied uir (lOnlll l l lnders to

IroU ~~" u r :m l! on ,Its o wn P O l, 'C ', ].von to Ih 'nillh lh c job U H lt I lI t' C lll ll ri ll ig n p re ee , <I ('d a nd

n'lluno!}~ "Ir ,~\\o~ lind. c ome lo .!h e ~ w.n goon WU5 cnptufl"tl before t he - e n do t the Wilt.

pllrilC'hullllg m e die al . su pp lie s a nd mlions. In th seerions which rol1ow th o ro le of u ir

2, E[:O/utioll.-OIlO. pnttem for Ih() 1'«0nqUlmYIlI' in we b Itliljor (,Olllp~i~,11 or theater pooje<:l.

o ! B I l~ ~m n w a s estll:b!'~lIOO ~Y Iho, wh o d id t\ . l i $ C l k > : l r U , t'\'~!1 Ihough in hindsigbt the nl.cn).s

VI " . 01 1 1 .0 th e t mnSLI~OI \ wh i c h 1\'113 t tl ki ~g p J. ..rO"l'ry CQlllpllib' :l l o r I ht'a .t< lr pr oje .: 1. a re nol

A dlITerent pattern WIIIl 8e~ " I) b y g eo gn 1l '''Y IJlw.~y!l f1ppuf(!!lL IiWl' ver, file ooullibulion of!lPfl.N~and the f!oJOiibiliLyo.f nir powor .Th t ' dir I)()\\'('T !oeach Clldc!lvor,lrot.t'giclilly souilli

v oi op m <1 .n l r ro m l ho f i :M l t . conception to th o· la Ur o c h o r \ v i > l o , i ~ho,,\ '".

WBS II t'rile I 'l '! tn f li li o n i n w h i ( > 1 1 tile nirnrm"l 'I '

from its snpIlorling role to matun ' ~rlU1 1 1 0 " ill S c:c tio n X I

mary 01'01".DIIIIw.IUI$UI1JlOrlcd by Inn!llInil '0]'\1

fol ' t~~ which wore 10cxploitUl.O Rd\'ilnrocO.i gl'illt'IR OPERAT.lONS DUR.li G THE RETREATby 1 1 1 1 " . FROj'.:[ BURMA

In [I (lisc ionoI {·lto 1 " 1 1 ( 1 CO Il'l!I)oig IlSWM 1 D tc cmbr r I!},jJ-8 O t . / l I b i o r to!,!?

r~lIo\ l, it. w iu be l I o ( . e ( l . S ' onor o l ly ! I l rougbou~ I I. . . . , . ..• . .O lt p aW N' (:{tine, inili«lly to lito . rucuc of I I ,. '/ 'hwt(r (}b)ul.r~. ctl.ollslU and \ n I .UlI 'C-

lIborli~ 'o suda' ot{emp' lh a t o ir otionllJR8dy i jl um n an tl l( l t he w i th d ro w nl 'rom Bu rm a ,

lruycly nnflrtcrlilollghl lIllon \ I 'bicb, gmduru l fh AIlie'1 p ro bl el ll ,W ilS lh o • l ime IlS 3L_Dullki~,

r n o ! , - ' runl II!O.rt. dopendollcc I,'lI!! p l a C l ' d anduF.<'t too l t\lld ." Mu lltlo n w ere lJl o.rd . . .r. TllO: \ I hcd

wludt I llore Hlltl more demond s were . mnd e . ' 1 1 1 . 1 " (oro{'!S -w! th . a hi m d fill 01 IlJrl)lill~C'!l-o!l!lhlcd

nhilit;.y of , ai r p ow o r to e.'<;lcn;'- It l:iclf to m eet I ~ l o n l. I. n ), withdrawol by 1 1 1 0 l o JlOW l II g t'!ll of

rt 'q uir,em cn ' of fit 'OPI ! I 't I . tiO l l ! !, fo r which IbtF ne~I?n: '. - , '. .\ \.M 1I0l 8d. . .. .ua le ·pr~pl··D I"" :~.' .. ... 1'011 a . , . ~\ir d C . f c w r o or R a n g o o l l . nrnl m.oml- l !na l lOO of

. "~I '.. .!.II!1!l lIor PJlOpuril I , I' .. .' f ,, , 'the mi:rocle of lllo" " "n lp .· . B.·. . 0_lI I 'cO alt· sUllononty over r ctr t'o lil! g • .N'1l8,.t.lunng

...., . I lI (;,'1I II I . urtlm. 'v I' I ".,.. • 1 .. ..• ..•«Imnuuull 'I:!I w 'llll ~ . t' _ I' , I 11('.\ I..·,l .pancSO OI. tP . un \ .vete MUl luO\Vl l . .

- "I' . ,ow C : . "" C C ]l I O n !! . , wore ~ 0" • .• ·_·t . d· .t C l l I . i z i l l l ' tho po f 1 '1 . . ' . \ . . " . ' ' ' ' II. Air. fCl 'UIlNI!D101lt . .8 n . " " U C lI l. oh O .r .' .'

..... " wl1r 0_: ·.10 a.l.rp Rile II It Iv·e.. ~· • I· ' I" '" d 1 · 1 ' I . . ·d :l I ud r eh l l! . lt I l. ' It lol.' "\. . I Iii . r , . • . A It I lI lPP 'j to i 'ION' J 1 )1 \ Sf'. . .Il't. gnH!!I .

.. f! JfnluOIl iUl(lIOiIL !octrlllll to II . ~

10 ground l in t .l I o f ( 'O ll lI lIUI ' I~ I" 30 I "", P;U I1 -IJI'C . . '.. d . . _. 1.11 lOll, '~ '".~ ." .. '.~ d, 1,iIlUl"d .oUa:eksilb"Oln.qL J OVIU IC ! SO J : row I Ii31~.. tempo· ~rIUO"(lmont~ All lull- liS },.Joroh ~ IlIJI'C (lS . .

w lih lh ell.tlrc ,JnnflOcs.c W8·r· 111""cll',II" ·... " ...,....IIIz.«·.. I'" 1:" Id'. ". .u ~u""";".....2 Mal1lt( l1Il"(~ OjM.I l / alr"u/luwnfy.-~Iur t. 10

~c!Jl ' Intlld, ()Ilol. totn'f lling' SOl i t II . of ;\ldktiIB, ,I' •. .

l>E!.O IorAllioognlllild o o m m ( l I l d C ! 1 ' i I were . : - x l ~"IIII~

k o f oo l il inu i ty . Ill( op"JfttiQIISItn' oovort(1 in

d eta il in &'('lli01l VI I in connectiou.with lilt' ,i\]]i('d

,'oull'I(l"",,,,ir .foreopl'O',!fII.Iil,

3. II iF I lUpJ IOT it I I ) th. I't ll ' tol"11!1 tlm,j". III

)'1 .oN 'l, I ·1 2, w heuth .. B riti:;h IIJld hill Corr(!lOl

were dCl!lrll ' lUt( ll~rlltt( 'mptiflJ! ' Itl nrn;-.<I Ihe .T ollnlll"S<'1I;11\1.lInooill D unll"" II ..;.· v em h & 1I1 bu:rdm ulII

G ro ll P 1 10 <1 '( 1i~ r W D 17 to 'my Irorn J r !d i .l l 10

M8~O " lJutl(llion of ' IG~ fullY~'<Ju1PIII'(1 'u~ilirrll.

On 1 1 m r .. .turn trip to I lldifl, Ihoy c \'f tc ua k! d 4 24

civ ili ans, Tbi W8ll II !lIIIOJl Olll:nII iOll, bUl W!I. I>

tho . fo rOnl n! le f o f Qltl'llt io n- i n . .. ..hich cutiJ':j· nnnir,

w e ro l I u? \ ·I . '( 1 by u ir . .

'I 'h roug houl A pril, ) 'IR Y,. nnd Juno 1!)j2. Ih o

.ill' and R.\F'.coopu8Iin· th rou¢ l m utuel

ag r t l 'mCnl ·o [ th e c om m an de rs c eu ee m ed , mountoo

m iner ra id s .B guir ~ 11n ' ( ' ni 'my ill 'uPIKlrt · of I h l'

r et rC l lt inG : a rm ie s, evacuated Ihou: ;an(l~ o f p ot oo pj e

from B onns , and pM\"ili{ 'd em c q: :: en c y a ir l Ippl),

t ol be r ll lr M ti ng armil'8 o f G t'lll're l A lc xsn de r . 11 <1

' cneml tilwell, Between 22\ pril !tlul Iii , Iune

11)42, th o A A F , ev llc utllt '< i · 1,4 90 peopl [M m

B urm a and Ierried in 733 ton of upp li • D uring

th e 1lI1 '1cp!!riod Ih e RA P l'Vo('U(ltoo -4,11ipt'I'WIlS

f ln d a i: r- dr op pe d 5 5 t en s o fu pp li l' S.

4 . O P f .r a li o na l . , a n M w . $ - 1 D{um i J u 1941

S Ocl l1kr [9~-a. I J 'U l 1 T 1 I l l 1 i , . tran po'" QpmJl i.m :

AAP:13 3

,I, ~DIJ

100

6li

Tol'll> 0" .. '11 In .......

P~....,"n"J HISC u.~\'d ..

P~_D~!'I·lIo"'Jlln ...JUt';

To n n""" . .. . .. ..Pt-_nll('! ""flCWlI~t.

Tout.;'rOll. JlIO''1!(I.... 7'

p~ .Ie rl a I • • lifl~... _... 9. OSI

• ~I"

b. . .. 1 i l ' ( ' , ,, 1 1 0 0 1 DIllffll'ih" , w"""', a nd bo m b t..,,·

f l f J . f J f . Il,l1" vIIIV: .

~·I" '~ldo)

I""" ..Jol.}

411nN

",,,,,mb<i'

croon X II

T HE A RA KA i

MP,uGLROPERATIO,

DHfENIVE

I. a RCNJ - . \ nt i c i ll l li in g o ur o w n o ff cn sh ' by

dtlY • rhe enemy launch I m uack 011 ·1F~b.

mary 1 , I I { ; ' I l i n ; . t Ih fifth 6tHi ~ 'nth Ind ia n

Dh.i>-io in Ib ~i.ungdllll .DuthuhlUlIg' a r ea .

Tbl.' .lilp n s in tention 11'l.S 10' lBI lind nnt-

h ilut I II twO "h'L;;iO~t n d p re ss on to ~8pturbin ne. 1 h e land eom munie 1~01l.S of (he

~ . v m il D h'k ioo W(!f'(' seen ut l in d t hO !< C(If til

Fifth Dh'~oll Wl'l"(l i n ! !n ng er . The \ 'ooCh

iv is ion had tl l cboi~ r ( (e m pt in g 1 0 retreat,which would ha v involv ed hC1WyI o f e qu ip -

m nt end personnel, or of Landin I t. until re -in lor m ent a nd a id could be upplied , It. IViLSonly by air-dropping of 1111100 an d amnumilien

tbat til enei led (ore ' . uld be e.~pec(4)d tolIrvh'o nd lig :h t. The a ir effort Oetessl11'Y toue tb - O O < i e g e d fo ' \1 of three t .ype.i :

ounler-air forte OpaNI. iOns to tablish a ir

. uperiority 0" r the b ut ll e a re a, p ro te ct in g OUr OIVll

~und lore 't ln d o ur 'uppiy dropping tl"ll.nsportsf ro m e nom y a ll oe !.: .

.\lr ".upply o f ' _l 'l io lJ • n nu ll un it io n IUlt! petre-leum , oil lin d tu bric an "

\il" a lion m i t JOI)lInese troop OOsieg in .1 1rea .

2, ('wlltu-air fum. p il 6r es a n ti HUl"r ican

o _ f Twollu~dred and Tw Ly -rour lh G roup tab-

l is he d .. n dll lJ l: Pll!roL..llntl .roon broko up tbe Jilp-

uo, Yo . of 2S to 50 lUlel.'8h wllioh we dailyhem • at O\'cr the b at I I t I . t C I l ,

ApprolCimlH Iy ] ,0 00 ceun t ·a ir fon:c SO f

'ere ~o.wn bet~een - I . .~ broary 1(1 Marub 1~-4

th' enltel penod of the bailie dur iD" hi I . '., • .•. .. III C! tuno1.> enelny I I l .TCraft w ro II iro'ood troy~d. lind 51 d amaged , l, 6 probubly

3. . h~ I J 1 ' 1H /J . :.Elo,,!og labl' hed l~al ai rupenonty, ib \]lmd 1 1 ' (o rc i nU l lo d in te l, ) '

~o tho R lS C II o f Iho 00 iegoo fO N; . dr w. ot

2,010 tom of nmmunili n ra t' on ' 'dtl~L Oppmg

\' nth Dj\·i. . ion i li on d ~ ri n . .. .U S l in .. to II !tho !lie g e . .. Ie .n;~ 2 we I t t ; of

Tw.ntr·two t l touSPnd Dr i t i h nd I r\ nItro) .• o n air uppl ... d . . . ~' IRTI troopsd ; urulg 11118op I '

on . lot.1 of mOre) thon 4. 700 I1n~100

m tlO n • lind ammuni t ion Wl1re d. lo ll& o f I L,-I ~'obnuIlY IUld fl ~IArch' b k~Ppcd OO: ~WC{ lO

•• In re m g lh e s il'g .

28

4. t lir a Clio 1l a ga in t g round I t o , > ,

g c lU l cC S , H u rr iC l lD . , D C 8U fi g hte l"!l , nnd~ r -vilinn (1'0,U RI nl Imphul. Kohlflu l in d o ll ul " ill.'

",oro thrown n gnms t J~P8n s S UP ply ~ 1 I h 2I 11 lll i,)ul ' n lid W(lr enti .ly dtllWlld nt

Onc:DI~' tr oo p c on c.e mira llo ns a nd ompillOttt,..)o1I nil ' 8 um ) l, )' . fu r l he ir urvival , ~n MI\rch

bom blD .g n~ a tro1 i.ng a Unk, , ~rubtt, }.H, tit PUl'!IOlIlIcJ d~pcn(h \ l l t on th . 81~ , uPI>l j

1m eg10 Air Fore also pllrtJCLp.ftt~ nounted to upproximutely 170,000 Brll It an d4790 ai r ambo sortiea and 930 IOI l~ ' , h l ll i lU i tl 'OOjI. , civilian pC!cillli.t IHid oth,r Iler-

';01' sp nd ed on the tl('IQ' force 0 IIl1d wh hnd b ; . , 'II used in r II huild ing lind

cnc ir c le d ~ I lr r is on . her m iseella ueeu work. A t Ill!! ('xpimlioll ()f

~ . D r . u lt .-With ueh relativ I J ' It i cgo, ,I ltero weeo ' ). ,000 Drill! h trool uu d

a i r e f fo rt , eu e g ro un d f ol" C Ct lworo8bl~ ).?O O .Inu iuu I roor' bemA ' wholly ·upp. rted ndout o C tit I \e ir 1 01 11 00t aud inflicl II to RlllhHlll'fl I)y ~ 1 r the bllhlll e . lu } \l 'l I Ig ' been1ft tl e eJlomy l'll . _". 8 uat ,d 10 I n<l1(1hy tow 11Or . ll.ll'tlrnCt on tilO J e~ upo~ 1 • 18 n:Qnr(Jl" turn trill.tUI'1I1II9 l'01l1t oj f} te grOfmd 1tXI1' III 1 J ' . ' •

lin .AIr ol) ( 'mhon lL1.'1l1l1 look t i l l ' ( ' ( > f On llli, IW III 'Iy:offered. proof to greund cODunandors 'IIntlll'-llir fol'C ,nir uPI'I), tlllli r -v u u a ti en , and

su pp ly to ground forces 011 ~ lorgescale \ 1 'l I ~r . comb l i ~ cporntions O!'llillst .111]lI Hll • WOOI I~

and ~ve them. Inllny tact lCnl advanla~ Id l in of ccmmunicaticu.

~ . T he contribution8 of air power 10 t b i ; 2... lir UpI'I'il)rity,-l''ortlllllll ·Iy fo r til(! fo t of

p8lg1l were: nph a l, fo}A ha d IJlrotld . la unched A vi 'oroU>l

l '-SlabUsluuont of 10Cl )1a i r B u pC lr io r it r, unter-air Iorco pro(:filDl 0\' 'r 01 1of Burmu.'l'lliq

o ur g r ou nd fore immune to an m y llUAtl: ogtlllll eliminated till' JnplIlll". Ai r Fo r ns II

t~ air. ri II threat dl, lring lit ritical III lit! of lit

Ir suppJy of II. total of 4,700 tons ~ ;'gl', : 'I n l' (' h, A I ,r il , an d ~rllY IfN4. D ue to th o

BDtmun i t i on , an d ration to appro ·illlstelr.! 'r"ollllo"tf'uclioll of { ' l lI 'my air power throughoutBritish Ilnd I nd ia n t ro op .s . urm u, tho Jnpanes Air "'Ort'l ' \\'US II t ab l to

D im a tion ond d truerion of Illtllekillrnr ntrate ·nough air 1)01 or on tIll' ;\lnllipllf

on '0 forces by nu' s tr ik es a gn in L e nl ll Jl Y. n t 1 .0 dis ru pt t he ( !x ~{ m si" u ir I Ii:porL opera -

oom m unica tion, troop, a nd e l ll v looolQeB~ ) I! i I I~' 1')' l .o ' u rv iv a l o f. lh e ga rnson. OIT(ln:

(.eriall), 0' tiDg de C nding g rou nd tro op ; if u 'lion r .'Japll~l > ~~rfi lei" by Ihe i U!

fen6ng an ~em!f ini~fulJy 80 IJ()l&trjul !!Jill ' ,~i\lml~'cd Pi rt·s·mnth !'Ighler u~dron 1 1 m !to 'Jy took #e Oh • ." • u1jali I lin. t· Au ' mmendo ( . J 'OUII , Alit! illr de f IllKI

I, '.0< MIU 1Jlllti ,arge ttltln tit local IJl1)Jhnl Af'!'O by short- rung ' Britt ") '

hl(\h, i m l1M l in ll 'l y ~ tl lh li $ hl ,< 1 loca l nir tipecnoo XIII Int.)'. During till' fil"!lt (I w 'Ilk of the icgc. A.\F

Am OPJ3RATIOS r mE :MANIP~ hl~n; d. ~royc~1 I Japan« a.irmrL on filll~I'AMPAIG ~l~jll Irlkmg I~' tanee ~f IhlllmphAllIf 'l l, l I' \uh'. ll~b fighlCn! UI los 111d '('11 " II oUIII ...d for

I. ~en.rul.-'1'he Itl t major JQp1lIl!' f (lnolll), Ain:ruCt. d{' lNl.\,,'d. 17 prohably dc -Off(, l 1\' 'IfI IndiA-BurDin w luuncill .ftOll 0 r II , Imd 40 t i f U J l 1 l g d.

l?~'I. T h r C < ' Jllprul(> divi iO I l c rC t> -'< i~., it ir . tTd Il pori OIJrrolj{1n . Air tm ll [ lO rl Ol)'

hlllll\\ 'in Rivol' wilh 11 tbnp.roltl (lbj~l1I Ilion. III Iud K.I; , ..'oecup\'illg Ind itH l 0'1 . tit! 13rilt" noulll ~upply of rations, P ], und omlllum-1 m • Ii I, IlplUMng I, \J

at 1rnllhal ond cutting til. Bl'ugllr.n.. . . , . . .ilooAd J (" (I t l' I ' ul IItIPlnll r In n'lIl fOrcl. 'Ul n , con.. . tlllg f 1 U I I ', -

• .. ILtI ( rn'o bC(ln Ziue - ~__ ~ I J I" -CO l l tr o l o f I I' 11 1 I . l~nb'l" '11 fronl t I Amkllu to th e I lI pl nt l p 8lJ1 III I I

III Ifl WOn ( L(LV )CI)Il J 00 • b' d f (" b d I' I fh ins \ 0 11 J r r [ sir .. tic , I ngu 'rom Un)ll. ni l 1 mgac 0 1 'Om

Ul In • b 'n ut. 0 ronl 1 l:' IPrior to II J h~1~.¢IlIA( A ~Oll(.

deJlentl I I • f iPO U 'sc I h USt., till' ]m Plbe

r f lnMovOUIol l t of tw o com 1 ,1 (11 ho~pilll '" from

O. C( 1 I1 )01 l uppl by r I lfi {rolll J•..u pb tll to Indill.

at lnllipn r 'FI' '1 • br ~I"'. •tore . 118 1011C \\'11 eu" . rj' (ll\l !(;:h~tI(l1l8hOll ol (.'6 1I11ILlcs!'Ind nOll n lilil'.01 1 3 1 1 1 14 1 1'( :" J1 'liT K o h i l 1 1 l 1 1111(\

Oil, unli l 22 .JUIlt' 1914 ul l IllililMr (Or¢,

During Ihl ' mon th of ApriJ. May , !loud-luno

1944, til follow ing tonnl,J ,l of upplil· for alii

opemtiug in till' [ mll lllll -J (o hir rll l " .... Wf'ru

dro]llH'l1 or landed b}, lrnn~porl oil'('mfl ()J,~nHillg

IIn(1 r till' Troop arrier enuaund of Ii: 1.,"1Ai r 'omlluunl:

0. .,\U' 'rnl~fl'J

lU..P - r , . " ' , I O , 1 A11,217

1.0 ' : :

Total upplkcll<>thrlNf •• 32,31"

ir evneun tion of cn~U8ni~ n'Dl'llI'd loryl' 1)11P

porti 11,\ j,\,illl'llC'l'Cl by lib' foil wing t bl :

.\\J

liAr

Inc luding non rui Ipersonrn-l \ ' a cu8IOO,

tronp roinfo.I'Ci 'l llcnt 110WII in, but ('7t1udir'rJ

casuulues evacuatod. aircraft f Troop arri et

cmmund moved the (ollon-iug I' rseunel into or

from Ih' lw:<iegcd zoue in pMJ, )'Ioy, lind .Iunel 0 1 :

AAF _ __ __._ .

Il,\ •••••.. .._ _2 ' i 1 .

2 ! 1 , 101

1 · 0 1 0L • . 7~9

l ll 'n \ . demands Oil Inl l " ] ' I O n luremfl at OU'

period rl'quiruu dh' '~ioll of the .L\.F Four Hun-

dreInd ~'ill",ti~th Bombardmem uadron {B-2Sequipped) 10 haul rely ne I,d ammunition 10

th e d efcntling lrool· . "{ 'h i '0011 t ""uudron

deli" r '{ I ~ O O 1011' r mmun i t i II t o ( 'l iu li Jl at ~ C I ie

cris~ .4... lir t 1 1 t t r b o t opualitm .-Th ir combll.t.

n ct io n u gn iJ l Ih .IIIPI'IIIC'l ' gT'O und fore - 111lhis

Ol' t' ra tiol l 1111. furui!!ht.-d by tit Third T4C Iic-Il

.\ir Fore", Di~t . hm • ( tlJ ! l' U un d t ro op s

of t1,(1 1H.'1i'tlgul'n.'t1 Fliurth O tps" d jo.> \'·C II hy'1\\'0 )[unc! '{I ond 'rW('nty.fi~1 ,roup.) \F.

\tlllek' lI '( 'ro dilX't ' ltoo ugoim ( the t en ll ou s . Td jl il -

II • l inw of couuuunicatlon, p nr ti u ll lr ly tilO

Tiddim Road , lind Igllir l l ro op ~. ( 'O n' lid ll tio l"

ot !lul1lJii~', 'mml)' gtron' poi.m:<, and olllJllul'<'-

m ll. luI ... strik ;; W('N! ffo ru oo tI lL '

I 'J lg tlG~d troop' by 11 • of ,11l0k, slldl and I'lln 'J

2 9

it! 'n l ily M t'm y t 4l rg " L. ~. • t 1i~li

In addition 10 th e a ho v, tratt·gia.lir Fo ro

squadren dropped "0 II f bombs ill til

I rnp lra I ~ durin( : ' th e P ' riod , : 'I fa ny ol th e ut ·I C \\('1'1' direeltod l\ railt5t till' Imph.a I .TiddimR d , . lilting in block and ra t whic l l m ad

th" read g~l1~ml1y u n se rv l e a b le ,

s, R t, IU , T111~"Il~ing of til ' icgc of hl.lph J" , .• d ec ' iv \'j t ry ever lho .Ja plln w h o w re

. l I em l ) l i ng to inv a d e Ind ia , T Im ,'iew ry , s

m ad 'ib le principllUr ,brough II I us of a ir

up pl~· . w hic h na bll)('] L ho D ritish a nd In dia n

troops 14 bold out a nd \ 'ooluaJly ~ me.rg v ie-

t rio " Lt . n, ir \ \ '. . l illi , c om m and ing th eF O ll fh '( 'n lh . \m 1 ,. \'. i n II . fM'cial o rd~r or th e· c I ~ ',luted:

\ \ 1 1& 1 0I0 10Otlr".:.11"" '" till A U I e d wro_ I

n oJ 1 .01 I ' !:m l l Jl I l OU Ol l r _hill,' pl ! ! .11 of balll~ ... .. b..- . c dall" II _Ipport ~'" ".,Ill ha,~ betn DOu • h 1' o o y '''~lrd II' Tl I r. hI In : in OUf tombhlt.,j victol"l' ......m ~~ri .

11101 a re n t Ii fa ir or l.nk'qu!lt

lJleMur>' of tb l' c onlribulions of nir poWer to

lm ph nl,. E ffort u: p od ed nn d lO l lnngo doli"cn!d

mayor mil}' !Jot bl' hI! ~'nrd,i k o r bIb flJla l an I) .• th e u of t i l ( . o~'~ro, \mi l 1. IMd or fa U u pon thl' obilit). of II . r )10JJl t Iln< Impbo l "IJC~ n" '" a ~ I IIII orcc

r . . , '~ , cmt 'en ,. 110 1 .(J II 01\IIcrelltlon. ' l' hOL I II Fourth 0 • ,

br~,no t o,n1y fo m aint in iksc lC bU I II~ \Ii

It) J il l 1 1 1 1> l',' allributabl t '. II IIJl l l le ly'rbi opw -a tio (l known ~ flO 0al~ upply olonl ',i an ' amp] ~f rr " P<'~hon lornil1A,"• IICC IV I1I le of aIr po' I

MIl lou t P l ' O O C ! d e n l I t I . W er a m o s tt ,C la r I " ' 0 ( ab o 1, th e rem rkllblt BI'xibiJ ' l ' rI \', II I

.... t I · ~ I . I> 1 1 . 1 1 pj,'(!d or .IwOU W IJWJ (h(- e.'rigcoci( r lur,

hMe bel'll oy er~om (., m ph a] ('ould no ~

6 'fi IllI ', p e e J C ~ . "!l' power COlilribu '

ut(; ful. culnlllllltron of lh ' ;'luI 10 th ecarnpalgtl by:

30

~;Sf l lh l i h l l lg oil' tmp"r i tit.) ', 1 '( 1h d'

~rouud and (IiI' O l )( )t l' lt io n, r Ie l' frulnB illic k. W ith ou t r u r . up rio rit .y , 1 1ll .3 , udwll. " lind " .h ow rillg b, ." T it lli ...berne

t I 0\.(' b ('en n ir uppli rI. p~ - I g In e e r e emp o n III III ' Iu d (' d b ul ld O ' . ..('1'd end h 1)\')'no I . . I I· "Providil lg thl) vita] uJlJlliCl' of IVII l!tlne,llr eqmpm ilL ntH . proPllrt"( I Ie t':'p.~(Ir lito

I . r e d ga rrison r 10 1l.eer)lI n of 17' durin til " • lid IIIflh l f I It

efl{;~ n iz 'n ;I~d d, huatin J lt ln lt ion, fl 'or~y .fo llr rlrilish 7' nnd 39 AA F~~il , ,Iltnck on II (J '!lpan -Ii' tow d Ih ,Iidl' lind ub"tlurntly t fried

fore by III; a , d. I &'ll4lndl'd '1]111.1f~l I wo hrig tH lr. A i r ( l1 .H lnlliol ill ' lu ( l, " (1 l h

of ( ' l1 ll~m~t~lentllonb °1':1 o n C nC 'I n, \' 1 1 '0 0 1 1 1 > '. I • . b l l sh m o n t 01 u i r I l lt l J l' r iO . r i l: ) ' l ind I h e u ir t runs-

sl 1I11110ru;.III 1111 II l'lInIt. )n,Oll<rDtion. ','Ilf init iRi·for n o w l I i n W ('l '~ ,

, 11 brosd rill It of th suel'w fill h l l l D l : : infor('cd 2 '1 ~hlrch-5 A pril by n 'ing I h e . I1 'o u r-t h e . Jopn~1 c a t tack O~ l lr u p h n I s ud Ko l 4!llth Ariwulo L RII t h er n cn rb y juuglo stril l ,

n 011" b a se s r emn in e d Opnl. !tin a .. \herd CIl."

in tbe \~'lIr, f ind tin In t~i~n r1 o]iliC '] " 2. Air wmo o t o}l(ffllion ' ,-Air cOlllbll· O[1~I"Il.

c bllng NI I II rM 'or of tit B ritish . 0 w ere iJ;ncd to P 1 .'1 3lind 1 l-2 /j,' ol til

i n n , . .\il" mmondo Group, In I 'nrrying 011(. I h ( >

S eceioa X IV .h , lor th o p er ie d C 'l Id in g: 2 0 } .l il Y I!N,'I, I ll( ' grouf 'rort i n, a i r ! ll ri ka s ill th e baulo area, count r- ir

All. OPBRA'rIOl S, WI GATE.COCm;n:- ncth'iti sud intordietieu mi ion. w ~ n...

BXPBDJTION-(OPERATJO ' 'TH.URSI)l lo \\ ':

I. a ntrol.-'l'b major olTt'nllh'l' 0 liOlt

IUld esrried ou t lfy t ho B ri ti sh ('Ohlpol'ltvt

Allied g ro un d (o re b foro th e 1 94" , 0I0~ --------1--a p '1I('(nnionof cncmy-«cllpi d ler rito rr : : : .: :: : .: :: : :: : :: : .Tbin! Ind ia n D h ,i ion cemmandedby \ 1----1----1----0 ( ' 1 1 ( 1 1 1 1 1 W.i ng :o te , ' l' lI i wa I l u x e ptiolUl ' 1 'C oU I . .. .. . .. . - -,

lilion be US(' fr m its "ery in ption, l i l t ' \Ii

J<; '' (p '' c i il ion IVa primari ly a ll nir opc rnli~ A ll- s oon I!!. Ih e& lrip M "llroodw8Y " w a s corn-

S ' ? I 1 1 1 f l l i plen was to concontmt th e tli,;, Il d , on RA I1 ' 'pitliro Righ t \ \ ' 1 1 . 1 . \ m O "l 'd in forI lI nd I ll · J pane l in' II or K aL IL, iD , 81 dor(l I1. ·c urnl i in lN pled th .Jallon

I lUMnll , (or th o purpo of 'utting J np al l . • 1_I i ll lO !' ) · oUI l I :ks 011Lit ficld, 13 ; \ Iorch, d • troy.

8~u l ro il lin of oolUmunil ' a t io l l to lb~, uU g fou r nc rn ,\' o iri 'l'uJla mi d nm nj:ing ix . X eith er

-II ·rul, ~l u IU lU1 'uver would isolol ! ~r • trip w, 11 to ·k d dUling I h e i ni ti a l A l ld c r iL i cu l

op p il > G C II l' ro l ' ti lw ( '! 1 mll/OIlCIl dor. age s . while th 1rool' IV b(' iul> n o w lI iu ,

Huko.wllg Vall ~' IOwnrd i \ l_vilkyina Slid om i na , lJ ( :e o j lit air PCn:'~I(d th ( 11« ,!luIereate Ji' r gn ni ze d . on di li on f lmong IhelO'Fll-1J/t l lO/1 oj Ole lron$pOrt m18~U)lI,

011Ihfl Ij 'ourte ' nth Armv Duuk. :t A ir t r an sp o rt ()jluatioll .-A IImrMII'," o r IiiO n 10l lg- rouge I.)cn 't rn ti ol ! b rig tl dc p ", '< 'r Inlnsport O f) n'ltion i gh-eil below:

o ve rla ll d il .C r o (h hiudwin Jlirur

!{Ii t !m, l Ind W I l 8 uppli 'd an d c o I ' e r O O I I ) '

Tv .-o Ihor h ril,.'lld r, lhe v ('nty . v t n c l r

~JIO HUlld ' d a u d.&: 1 \ '( 'Il th, W 1'\' Oll()l!lllrll

J~llg iolantlil1g trillS in lU I nil ' l I\ovNn~ljl I! '«>1'1

F lr S~ A ir oll l lnUlldo I 'Otll ' (pro"i iom" ) > ( I l l - ' .' . ... ((Ill " " . ~ \ r Iro I) "I r rnnlftnd . '1'hll or'1'4 I •·Il(d

;" til nigh t or .5 Mu rc h H l4 oJ ., a ll tl w ," , . . , . , . . . . ,

,u ~l ! O lllp ll! t ~ l . Iu ri ng Ih e J II)~1 6 ~ ., _

uU hol lid ol' 1 0 d ' f' I, I" ~ lIg u<,ttP , , • • ,•. 11 IIIg 0 6.1r-.... r lu t··'·After 11 Imllil l I ndlll"" o,nnrfl':nmalti" t O O O

• UM~'· • I I t < '. . . . bY r' ". '

" 11mb WIlS mod e It l W ni l oj uppliu p t e r month Wll.ro d olh 'orel! by a ir

I.

J . a14 ' ·A bl't ," " , , , -

II

I.on;.

t o W i ng l ll t. 'l I '011111111" un til th ..ir f iD , ,1 r d i f ill

\ 1 1 1 ; 1 1 t m H .11 1 ,Mition 10 t ro ol 13 w it h full fi~Jd"qllipn1!'lIt,

I n port6 a nd g lid l't8 ea rrieel m ul , Im lld oz clll.

jrcp I t rac rors , rumotf'd c) rs, ammunition, nrtion~,

B o fors .. \ Ball ry, b Iw!')' of 2G-pl ' l l J r ld , ·" , .

D lld u D( Jry uppli Im d equipment,

4. ('a"'llJlly tNcll,Qtinn.-1 ,', n rl I ~ . ""IICU-

tiI('d in ( ', . of ' , :lOll c as l I ltil' I nrid it ion.

R AF . t ll ld l'l 'l ll nt il < ~ \'8 l'l la i( -( 1 B ll ot il t'r h O G I .~ II D I·

lit. by lan .l in!; o n I nd n \\ lO , j Lak ill th e m onth of

-lune, A ll r fo rw ftrd " trips ba d been rondl 'd

u u s e r v i h I II" th m O t l S O O 1 1 .

: ;. Rt I I / I . - • nit of lh~ loudin.. 01

. . Df ( ) ( Idw ( l . ) '" Aml · 1 how rineh .," I I I treo of

n l' rn l W i og n t. W('r'(' ble to join l ip w ith thl'

for of tht s i t nth Brigad which ha d marched(rom • hingbwiyong. round Ih lI·t DAl lk o r•'(i1\\'011' hi n fo " ihu providing 8 toud

{o rc co r 14,000 m D t OlX'nll I l I t 8 i J 'I llu- J ap a l l

w ith in n 0 0-ill il ra dius I)f Imlnw , (Iil\~tly on th e

CII my lin o f m m un ic a tiom .

6. olltribrlli(m qj air pc>wu,-Tlail \I " Il rela-

tiv"ly sm nll opem tion in nllmbPn; o f f t i rp l t ln ; : nndIrooJ)5 involved. How v r, it veluri l I a ry gj -

niflea ne m arks its im l)O rlO nc i', 11\ th rubn

An d ) .Ia nipur .. pnign s th re ha d been n pre-

plonnin for the u r ilir power, A. 1 0

d c s(K 'rnte g a mbl~ , ey "'ry a vsileblc a irp la ne tutti

been div rt Ii from otlu'r lIl, k in lUI a l m pt l

v the O ilY , Ai r power did m eL t h r eq ul re . .. .

m n ill eneh case t ur ni ng p ot en t inl d lea l. int

sJnft8lullg " ietori ~ bul ih ern 'Oil . of 01 opel'll-

(jo n rna )' 0 0 meru.ured I In ll t he h a nd ic a p ploC'Cd on

th o ai r for . m ~y be \'llluftl d by rem O1bcrinr ;

tbot it. \I ~Jl ry to dh' 'rt B-25' r r om coO l I ll lL

operation 10 lit ' l (f!,)-1n of suppli{'$ lo lh b e - -

s i t o g o o fmpb ( ) 1 snrrison, lP \ IIIgRIC" I.' l i l ion,

ho w \'er. oequru i.. a nd g round cO lllpGn nto

p n.lp hu me d n Il pc l io n f tl ld d c \' cl op c d IIba10n ~

1 ft 'k fo to I> n o m ' their m i ion. uffidl!nL

rol ' ( ' W • ppJied tbroug h lh e nir Lo insu II I

nC lilm li7A lion 01 Ih enem y in th ~&, Troops

ond equipD l nL w e th n quic ld )~ la id dO f" l'l by

a l lo e..q ) ioit til Ild"IUltflg..~ which h a d boon

gR in d. Con t ro l of l it o ir" ~ mainttliued-Ilnd

tb o l '.'q )lo i a lio n c () ll tin uC !l. ~, ,u pp Ji d l in d rdn-f O I ' C \ . > d by l I i r . Thi; o]K'l'i\cion h l l l l sj~ifi noo Lo

futu re 'I rnlcgy -" il pro\'id a sO laU I

I,xa mpl of O JlI1 li01 w hiclt lIIa ybe a cc om plish ed

o"er groBt,cr dl Ion find iA much g re ate r r or t'( ).

32

It. Ttn l1 l Ail' pf))',~~ d4!lil"rrit" t o j or rc .t . ill1)lIrmIJ.

_ ~"'Ill I ~ ' "1:=~

- .- .Q. ,:msQ.O

M.....

,I prO

\.flflr

J

J < o ] I

IIoU-: 11 '13

~ : 1 . 2 j 7 - ~ - :610 '10)

0:11(11 ... :~

r. 1:1 ;>~ • ~I

N•Q ."

l'l.: I : : : :~"L~. ,.]ffii ~~ I':::!l 'II :a':7;>1f :=~ lo t I:

~ c .I i (o j ;

1 1 1 " 0 .1 ' . .m 1 1 0 . 1 1 : 1 I<

1\oW bo<ob,la>I»~. t.rlttu.__ _~ !2 . ' ' ' '

e. l?iIF o~ r a j i oM :'f,utic&l S<11t1= ll o, wl l ~ • • _ _• . • • • • • • •• •• •• •• •• 7. ~ s: ;

T~ bcmib dtopped........ - .•.. .•••••..• I.$4

TOIlIlIljl,O nl",llru~d .•••••••••• •• -- _...... 3-

d. Totoi,lulFand RitF:" f l l i c i l l l O l l <orlko 1 1 " , , '1 1 •• • • • _ • • _ • • • • • • • • • I e . 'C;~.'flo ns bcm droppo!<l._ •••••• _..... • ••••• __ 10, 31!

'l''(JIUl~ nlr-Ill'ICid•• •• 6,.3~.

6. Opern tiona J 18l~tics, ~li lwoU' Cumpil lgn ,

I! ingh\lliYilligto :'-,lyHk_yillll, I,'; D ec em ber 1M ,

:3 AI !gn t Hl4: •'l~OI'"to,,," Ilpl ltdU): al r; • . . • • •• • • - • • • •• ::,' ~

PCl'>( lon<:1 ,mG"Hl by JUr. •••• • ••••••• •••••• • ,~. (l.!l2

GIlt' u.ulQ trll,., .,_ • • - •••• • _••••••• '. ~' ron l>oml . ,lrol'pcd. ele b.lIl~ ... rl~ .. ...• ,3..82

(,, , , , , , ,111 ~\"1;1J1I1Hl.. • •• 1,3.{ll'J

7, Tho coniribution o{,ir pow or 1 0 thi.~ ca ln -

fl8ign \,\'\ 'rO : " . " '~h\blh<lmuml or locaillil" .upenonty. rendrnng

eur ground and air rOnt_. immuue 10 ellOmy nUBek

from nir. . ,Di'ruplion of~n(>my liues 'of eommunl~b( lns

i .mm~di6t(l ly in th O ' r <! 6t o r I hQ baUle IU·NI.

'.

D tru etic n o f • I RI ng po in tN ill rn.'lllt o r I I th ' tw o ·

illg (oret .

Ai r ~ lI ll pt \" f l. .. .. to fiv h in l di\ '< i Ill' an d

;<uPJXIrtin~ \lilli, •n u tl l, ,- I\"IIIU tion from W I 1 11 1 l ire . 1\lit'li

011.'- o th ~~ m eth od of InUl~portl il io ll "tI" im -

VO"'-ihk.U r m ov em III of 1I!o.]IHI·r troops lin I I 'u tiro

dl\ti"j I N I'(Impll'lt' with IINr IIlb:n l'fjuil)JJll'llt,

trh~ m p . 1 i , J . ' 1 1 \\,:i, rOl lgbL p r iUC i J IB I i S to o p r n

1111till' n rth pol' tion nf th o overi nd !'rup".!.v routo

10 hu m I I l I d I J'I.'OCI:IIII,\ 'tho terrain o f n or t h

B um lo , T il {o"'num l' nr th o po l'8 ti II IV s th o

r th lijwl'U n a d from Lcdo to

~hiu ·b,\i:rn II distant of ii O o irlill m ile s

whieh I"l'quih'd I y ea r fo r completion. During

th i - l'arly phaso, nir ' lI!,ply d e v elo ped fro m lin

I 'n il " ' \' 0 '1 . I cu." 10 0 ro ll l i" ! ' operation. In the

1Il011ih~, hieh plI~. m ol' lind m er dep nd IC

... . ' plated on a ir pcm lions Slid Ai r POWOt

~\'(lnlulIlJ~'"~m(\ lite majoriu trulllcnt.-major

In lhal ropabl i t ly in t~lIlinl,l Ih( Projul'lm oo&dO~ f lu. nJllllbility o j a i t - ( lC ' tt i i ab k .

ection XVI

A1R o.PERATio . S Ii THE No.RTHERN COM.

~ AT A R.!.A Co.MMAl.'ID CAMVt\lGN, MYIT .KY A TO. ~ N[)AL\Y

, I. Obj,eljrr.-'f!Iu;' ! :8 If lPWf;1J WI! . 811 l 'xploila-

Lion of the Ph'VIOLJ~c mpl Ii "l I r li ~u ~-J .1f x r .. " " "mJuQrIon. . ! l ~ollowL -d Ih " _ ll1l' pllll(\", I\~ith

rnph~b ~ n tl ll U Ul I: ' t o I lil to til· ai r ',m l- I I'ilt.n..· I'l'olulioli oollt inuing !tlld (01'("i11'" I 'Ih t t' r . . tl r11IUg In

t' f'C ITlI{IUIl 0 ~'llrrar' wh ich 1 1 1 1 ( 1iniimllv ltldl"lplNJ Rill1 pi ~ T • I ( 'Il

, a nn,.... II~o hjc ali l'o o f I h ecarnp~ !TI "'a 10 1 ' . ' \ 1 ' 1 1 ' 1 I h .JApilTl~ (rom tI

loo;t b l ,h pd ~h·i"t"I·'1I8-'("""U I' ,III. . .' ., -.... ng DIe ' iOlItb t IIl ul f' . :\ ,l ol Jg y. i- ~l lI nd ll ll l\ ' T h' ',0 II

t' I ' . ' IS PSIi 0011 1 (1 rll(!• n III II I Orot'f t. o ~tabli"l JllJd '

COlDlllllnk ion' to . 1, UI'I'0" r1andlillO, L"'ould P O O ' lU l ' tI' k'

up II lil" ,( '1 1 Ro Id (roll I .. I II tn gB unnI\. Road n. r D h.m o, Lcdo '1\ lib h l.old

2, Combat')'!1«ni~Ii(l1l

") 'nth l'n it l'd • tnl . A nnv Ai r F, ,•Burroa Ar ): • orc {Norl h

~hird o n l 1 > 8 a r go G rO JJ P (100 1,)

"o~r ~und d nd l<~ort~'-third Troopom('r Groul ' (> I i )

~!lilrt t- t t~ll j~~~ Fbi·hh·r Group (75 P~a~r.~gliw ,I ...If!, ,L I roul> (if; ) '- -1 7 ) " '" dl'~ roylinl ' , Juring 12 ,000 o( . 1I h vcry

F in ll . L ul tJ <O I l 0 1'( 11 1) (Provillil'lllJ) 'In ~,urr trikes, on!,) ' 1 hi n ,I) Rlld 2, B rH i II

J fi·) IOhh('of lUI nrmy of SOJUO ,000 WOI'(' k iliN I h y

fI'our rr u lld ro d A nd till(lli ti l !lil 'l! :mr 0.'\'" ~iOlllh : , J. . i~' , r~ ,Iir er n ( ,plllY I n mlljor

, Bombllrdmcllt. 1 1 I I1 ( I ro n ( 2 0 8 2.~arl III ~I~rnhon. lh~lr work. U1clud~.f'VtICllR'

Norlhc>nl , mhal \ rV{I emm Ull ( • uouof !ok lindwoulllh ' (l . buttling of tltlMI.lIp'

F i\'(l h ines d iv i 'i o n \ I • , r o l 11 (1 (lilt! p ers on ne l to 1 1 1 1 \ 1 1 rOI ' \VIIM j l ingle ~ tr ip . ,.. ~. IUQf'li .. , - I I '

t ra ined nnd rqlliPI)ctl , "()()omlll~,,:"'nllc IIml. nrtt 011' I ldJI tm nt. control

000 B rili 1 1d iv i ion,COIllI)Ol!(od

In ,fJlI'('()lI'l~11

bombUlg,1lI11~

rc :II< '

,w or k b eb in d'olonil1l lroo~) rg , IIJIIII~ 1m '<', Th e t h Ul 1I 1! o f lUI ' npply WI! .

n m oriean n'gimrlll ('l·rt J to III n ,h d()gr l ' ( , . APf)l 'ox l ll l ll t c ly 0011( , .1 ' -

orp lig'" nrtillc A n d « k '(lilt o f 1 11 11lopp1il-;1 flown iu \ \W I ' I nm l co l o n n ar ro w

\ppro:-. :jmQtcly O.llOO CO I I ~ ; : ; ~trips, c ui fro m th jU I IJ t I , nnd Hpproxinll l t l ' ly 40" , . 0 0 0 1 . 0 ' t · , roop..~r ('l1t. we r II " -dropped or Ililnl hlll~ ,l 'oJlP:d- I, ps. II I' D '

:I. O t/ I. -r al - \(t(l II I)' t f '1.[' onl m il cnnll{:S, . Fl')1)llIl1t:, f,l'rountl,' were:3 \ IJ.... J ~ L H ~ i ,, :, r. I HICIlI! 1 1 1 t ' \ ' r O ) ' l t l . : 1 f r e c l u o n l l y 01\ I ii sid of mountniua, req Ilinn!!

ill~Ni\~I' v in t" len' \Idll.S 11P4'~0( ~ "emlll'hrargoo('nrrying 7' 10 weavethmugh th nn-, leg -r01ll1 rnm pllig n I II orlh B u r . ' , . I 1 ' h 1D un' th i .od \ • . • . YOI l . III o,pproM l ing 11III ( wmg t c re p zones,

I I)o.n J rm, \ IIIIII \. bClltg P re ci si on d ro pp in g WIl a cc om pli 'h 'd n a ll tim

grOllpt ' (l , U))phl' • IlC "mula I d, aut! ,,101 I(rom z o o . 10 :lOO.foot, Iltillllll' I Iml l , ' ' ' 'an 5 per-~C('l<'d ror I he d nvc oulhward to l-Al. ,hio 1« 111 oj llit u p p /i t " r np p u il lt 'r r /0 t, G round com-

"randnla .)'. d I I I I ( II 'I '' 1 ' 1 'J' J ' . ' II11m. I'n; ~O rll (l( 1 0 (0J10llC \I Y u po n !III' de 1\11.'1',)'.

Ie, euth JIItcd, lute' " ' \ 1 1 ' For contin hoy .811' iL Ilccompli; h(\d without [nil , througb

, ft u tllg -u p pro - during ' I i!' period, whith th e w or st weather of the l ro pi wl m e ns oo u. n-eluded August . "eptomh~r, 8fld (h 1) t. 2 ('(lu(,l1lly, til ,~w re uble to eliminate hpir PI ' -

of c lobor, Lin - o f o mmm t ic a li on 1 ca d in g · ,jOU8 reqllir mont fo r 30 day' rllSilrv supply, ud

Cbl' baltic llreo were ,y temnticnlly a~tn1!kcdUull 'chy ltIIiJlcd eompl 1( ' mobili ty . ' fhay learned

\~C lro ~ros of J"ponc 1>0 i l i ol ll <1a l ong bh ll f~ lhu t J M d ill' , su pp ly o f ro (jo nll Im(l ammuui t ionIIIll', rll In.ptJnt:$ Slt l1P/y !}$lf>m ! rad bUllion hnnd wo ndc<)uII(, Thll, supplied, they

" «p la J a n d ~II m y trOQPI( h ad b ee n dnnora/i:!(,llIu(I\'('d ST· Iy o ve r B urm a . th ro ug h jllllg i • !lcr

lIJ(f]Jt ' .I 'dby CI}/lltIIUO.1 air a t tack b ' (/ " ,. ~ tllf (J,(I ri\'{'n; d ud m O il 11hUl l w·ilh 110 colIC('rn for 1\ ground

camp(ngn "gofl1 [lot nndu l lXly, LOe (11 .11( ,f comnlllllicnlioll) to th o reI)!'. Without

n 16 O l 't ol ){ >r 1 9H , L h e g T j) lI nd 1.'ILIIlIJI!ign Illir upply, no !lied ptlllnd IInny ill orth BunnI!

~ um . . !. ! ! ln d f lU n e t, i i . t i W n' s !.c pp cd I II ) nCC! l t IIld Iuwc IIndcrttlk n An off n iv .

IO; ly . 'I'ht Briti h 'J'hirly-Jx h Divis ion InOI T h l' c h ro no lo g y of tile tU I I1110ign i 8111111l1I!ri".etI

! lO u th , . .down t flO milway orridor on th Jilbelow :

flank, Ilnd 11 (' h in (l F irs o.lId ixlh Ar m a Augu t. .1 0 -1 I .j Optol~l" 1 94 . , l'('(;:n.'Ilipill[: of

l?rtNI 11 t IV o -, lr t' ll lg r d d r iv e d ow n til" lrrllll'lldj,'1'(lund RAll ies . Intl'l'(li lioll of ( ll ll 'm y l il l ofl~I\'or Valley and th ,'outml plnin'r~H'~'ell I I A ir ForccllM 'd th o nclv llllc (' of 1 -.. _

Illlni• III veryphllso of O p r r l l t iO I l ' . 1 1 1 1 1r>

fore 0PN lltion la bli h ed com plet a ir .llprc

?(lY Oyer Ih e b nttla ;lren s. D ny IHld nigh t bnllllU

~g oflin~ o f c ommun ic u ti on ond bIn ~ing \1. 'UWI~

npnn , IIpplies on d on c n tr nl io n ~ cO J1 t in " ,i L<~ t"JOint Iltr-urt\1 I' '.,11••1>,.,

, .,'Y lIlt op rntlon were pori Ii... M .. I I

•II•t tl I)oilli ti t t r('(11I..t (rom the fron for!ltnk" 1\'(',(> u I( 'd ' I . , r 1'0<>1.,b . I upon Wit lUI 3 0 nllllllt~ II ~

('lUg pue(' (] , Pr'cillioll lJOlllbing o r JUJlIlII!bU lJkoM w it hin 3 S Y l1 r ds o f on r ow n ground trot Il\'od .....

eommun ie iien lind rountl 'f-oir fon'/ ' QJlI' ralioll1 i

hy t i l (! Tr-nlh Air Foru.

H i tab"'r 1 1 1 4 . 1 · .JAnunry U H . 5 , roonlinuh '<'

lI ir Ilid g ro llnd d ri,· ' 1 1 th (rom ~lyjtkyina anti

).IQllgllung to I~ J im ' 'IO ulh or 0 11 1'N nm W c m V ol-

l ey. p)'ml it li llg B junc tion o r III 'hin EIt-

pf'dilionllry Fort"c f ro m I II I' .1 '1" IIf ro nt f in d tI",

hill ,Ami' in lud ill I II W nling , llina , I ud

.,meiolly op l Iiug tilt" tilw II It d,.}nlllllll"y-30 April IM.~.'oJl>;()l irlalinj; : :J,"IIilUl

!- ,OIII). to th o lin !' ) .r on gy oi.~ lll m" tlll_ V, c oo rtlin nt I

air1P '01ind effort.

oj. Tnlfh li,lo r ( ' ( ' i g h J oj dIm", , ," o ff " B u rm ac :o m pa iu n, M yi li .: yi a 10 J /onda/ag ,

\ v ari ' t , y of m i e lla ne ou s I I mand l (or a ir 1 01 1-

Iloif' ill north Burma ,_ i I d eoneurrorulr "ida

Ihl ' CIImpllij,'1I, ironnd ob s rv er s tn tie ns lI I~ d { r-ward rlld,u' it - of t I ] ( ' aircraft. wllrl l iJlg y. ( "m ,

, 1 0{ ('( 1 B rit' 'h for a t F ort 1II'tl1.. B r i L i . . : t l ' iv il

A l1 'l Ii rs o rv ie e. On Hundred nm l Fi." t Detarh-

11lCIIL or Ih e om · of , - Imrgic , (\,j(', the . til-

w II Road pro] l, the pipc. li n, pro] c t, and every

mi llan II ag ncy op ratin ill Burro required

a ir lI llp l', T il S tilw 1 I Road proj l l in d p ip -lincprojcc l a t M -c a lcd 'paral I ,) " i n l ionsX IX and X X.., T ro o p u rr ie r o p mtion • 2 ' , ,1 1 1 . t J i r Foret,

'orlll BI117111J atnpai!1n.-Flyillj!' m b a s in

upper Assam, India, und north Burmu, T.'lIlh

A ir Force tra nsport com pl( 'w ly lIpplh -d hy nir

th o bin(>: '" Four! ntll, TI\'('lIly- ond, Thirli dl,

Thirty-('i~hlh, l in d F i rt it ·t h Di\+iolll>, t he B ri t' ·1 1

1'hirt.y. iJ lit Dh'ision Rnd th .\m rrit' u '~I rs"

TI~k Foree , II totel r opproximt1lcl~' 10 . ; , 000

t ! 'Oops. Tlw n'l"1'11 > rollTltI lrip diQI8DCO \VII

npproximl\ l~l.· 50 0 Ill.il ,hut (o r SOIn" (1IIIldro~

Ibi disillllc(' increal!'Ct1 t w; m il h Il 00 m il~

during chI ' . lnUer p ri o f lh L' ampnigu.

3S

caerierWAS 0

, ~t('A'

I f I U

-"oft...• '",,'I.i.In,L

" * ' "

165. ~o2 t l . o21~, lit;

10,000

1200

I

Zlhl

10.'110

• • 1 . . II .,...~) -lOW .... Irout m o flit s up p y o nd combat rni ion of " '_ '1 !M u... ....... ...

Tenth A ir Forco. W hilo mO\ ' ing h ll SO 2 d i . . . ' . , . . •. '011, th Teuth l~ir F or oou(inued to 8 , T • LUli ~n II I(dlQ~' O [M r Il l ! OI I . ' 'J 1 1 1 1 1 11, Foree ,a n lH 'crn go o f 600 '.A" of I: _,I' . o ,t h B u rm o : CQ l t1POJ.(J" .uy l lkY·II IO if) i l -Ia"da. 'al l . -

"" ..s auppu , ,01 I 1 0 • • II'. r I Ilroop in Burma. Vilal stat' Ii r n:' prO\'" ' IODn ul lson group was ormeo, C(lIll{lI). {

rn nt oro: lilies 0 lIS f I I 0 1 r (itl' l"ifth, . ':\~()IlL}'.first. and 011 lIun~lr('d A!1I1

,"'ift nC~ 1 LI (I I on Squadrons. perl\l!ons U1-

DII\(> : ~llIoor lIB· IInllnr~' 1045. "ludp(l \'IIC1I1\1;01l of c ll S uB l ti c , ferrying personnelLo:\rI lng po ill ; MyitkYll1 norll l lid ~Il h, W 0 fo rw ord [u ng le trip .• rE'SC.1 I of emw lfllod II

IIhrll.aw If I. N& I ill Md 1..ed0 • d I ' t'll I ' I ' •Dtost l II' cru: 1 ... • . b eh in (ln l,ln ~y III ,nr I fy fll JUt4DCIJt, a llu "'-

m ~::e.°::~V('d: '~~D~~~~~lng, LIllIAulI. "lid YUI\Cdfn~)Il l iof flght~ ....om br . trike &m l fcr '!' ;ng of' To . .1 baull!d : crilical uppll . ;\l() th an 0 0,9 11 or~l" ~"('r(l

'IUne..c.' Idi _ _ _.. •• U. 110\'\'11 and :10 000 pc . nnel carried.

Al1JI)rlallU !dicrl (Ih,i"OII p t'lUInu,,').. : 9.. Summary oj re ult ,- The 0' r- 1 1 1 1 result ofPllck nnllnll1 ._. _ ••• •••• I,.this c m pa ign W IIS the oponillg of th overland::.~ "m . bou'i1 t.e,... .•••• _ ••••••••••••. _ routo lo hina, II majo r ob i th o of UI I nd i n -'i.~ ~~Jt'---' ••••• _.•••.••• - •••••••••• - Ilurma lbcawl'. 'I'h pecific outribution» f l Iir

IIrr gur 1I~~~~ :':'-~~:::.~:~:::::::::::' powell were:

D } qulred for 0I"<'r.lio1l: 21, Tor" f "I'pli" and Ctlui)'_Ul d Ih'C'..d by

Ii. FigfUt~ aircrqJl opfflJliOIli$, 1 1IIt/. Air FIG ' ; ~ : ~ h ' l~ ' · l\C I ~ I ; l n L . .' - · ·. : . : . . . . : _ _N ort J, B urm a a mpa ig n, ..1 11 ;tA -yiu a 10 MandauP n<Onn I, rdr.llft I..... .__. . '. .

(. 0 follow ing ta ble .) " " Illy U O O» c O II I.1 - d < ' l ,ro,' d o r I crn po rm ll y

1c1lO(!tod cut . • •• -. ••• -.

Klle'nY rurcrztfL d tro) d • . __••••• •• - - ••••

l'rohably d tro~ ..d.. • •••• _•• - •••••D l ll nl lR e 'C I • • •• -

(,'10 IaLUil Lrlk~ 80\\,,,.. •

1 M < Jono .. ,. ••~ 'l' 'roil or bomb< droppeoi on Ill)rn' III,lalla",,1l

r--i---+==-l + _ o \ I _ - _ + _ · _ \ I _ r i _ I _I...-- . iO O !loop'._ ••

IRound ,60 'llIIII .ocr 1\1II", "nl l lol i e - · ' I l 1 ! n d

• on 1>1'''\)' trOOp' "mI 10 ,,,,II,,tlol· •• •• f ). 5 2 ,7 60

If, , ~

r,

I'i')lcrtra"uoJ' ..prt~/i""s. Ttlt/" llir I'q;«. 'm" B---- ,______ _ _ IIJllfa mml'Qgn• .\fVlttVill(lIQ Jl!oflllalav

J~II -0.027

IHld pip lin to Chinn, both of which (aill'd to

jll tify their o . '1 U ! lc n ec i n l c nn of (.olll! deli v -red to

hinu.

<!ct iO.D XVII

AIR P RATIO S

FOURTEEN'TH AR £Y

TO MNGOO

PPORT OF HE

MPAIG • J {PHAL

I. (1 . f ,l fN1l,-FoJ!owing III r . u of th lmphnl

j , ' l I rrison hy nil' power . 22 ,JU!lC 19-14,Iii Four·

tecnlh Anny w l'nl on ~I I offen ive In : JuJ.y, til

n ·my \ ill driven by c om bin ed n i:r n nd ,! mI und

a , 8801 )1 l f r om th I 'nnciOLI Iy bold po ilion on the

f l ( l r im(>(>) ' of eh Tm ph nl Plnin. ReJyiJ l on air

u l) pl' a nd a ir c om bn L Ink ,Thirl)·-third erps

ndvollCcd soutllClllitcrly and enveloped )'h,ndalny

from III nor h a nd south by)1 N' h 1Q.i : ; . imul-r aaeou Iy , Fourth rps m oved . uth rd h 'Om

K o:1~m yolh rou h Pouk snd Ga n w and forc ed 1 '1

C 'ng I II I lrrowlIdd," River near 'hauk.This mO\'CJ!l nt Wfl int rpr led by IIII' Jnpan

n. I\ n o l l- o u~ ( 'I To rt10

ccmplete t he e nv e lo pm e nt ,nnd capture of ~ rnndulo.. CltJ{ lUy. }o'ourlh C c l r p s

turned. h llrpl\' u th ClU lt nfler ing til bm-

1 I 'l id d y n nd d r ev e to M cik lill !., on I he m nfn l in ofcom m uni a rion betw n R l i ll g oo ll l 'l ud ) ' fond I 11 a y .The l 'n (, lIIY Wll IInawll!' ((h' Ibm L i nto hi"

renr 111'11 : His ignortlllc of thc'iluntion w due

10 Ih Iae ihat b' rcconu' nee 8irel'l'll~ dllltd

not eov r III rca and I II' .aniy lizalion of

t il new mobi li ty or tho Allied "nY-R mobilityd cp on d n l upon n il' rn p]1 ly a nd a ir m ol" 1(,1l1 of

troops,

1I rnotoriz d brif,'lIdo quickly ptured )'loik-

l il li , 3 ),Iorcb 1946, r Ued only by n cm _ v Ltroops, T l l i s brigade squarel. ncress th O I f 1 U t

ICI1\Y lin e o f m m un iea tlo ns, w 'iflly built.

upinlo R dlv ion by tmnsport nin1mfl of the

ombo' argo Task .Force .

From Ibell on lh I ,"rollnd bRuit< in B unn weroR rout for t il 00( '111 ;) ,. Pneed by t he m o to ri ~e dbriga«( D ud rc!lying 011 IIiI' I ro n p or ~ to COn" Iid!l~

t roo~ in th e rc r of th )C I lrh d a nd ~ r aU 'supply, l~ourth ol'p ndvaneed rApidly down

Iii milroRd e rridor. Ctlpluring Pcgu O il 1 ~ro)'I 5. Thirty-third rp, poml ll lt cd l -b advenedown lila Irra wa dd y R iv er, oopL uring P rom oon 2 l\[RY U M r . , It ! l ' C t 1 JRpnl\ ~ renmants

bottled in tllc)1 ndnlny 11 and j lah.>don tho

I r: rnWl ld dy R ivor d rUa wer , .I ( lm a l iC l! ll Iy n n·

l I ihi lRh'Cfin Ih \\ .. '. h ich fo llow ed .

n r it i> o b ro u nd { o ro e e o t nmn n d er s iniliRlly w~rf'('luCI nl to Iry Ih', da r ing op . . ..ltion. b Ii \'ing

( hu t R an go on could nO I b ptured II fori' the

nl('lJI"'OOU, Thoy we pn:!pnrod 10 Il'lbli~h II linein rh ~f nd Ja . a and 11 it for the n xL dry

, L n . The opcnuion WI a t tempted Oll~\' be -CJ!lW of lit in"i-(( 'oel ' of air commolldl 'l 'Il who

full.\· n l C O g n i r . o o . h e- m o b il it y nn d IActieal nd ·

' . .mla· .of I tir Ullplit'd lind IIjrll"llln ported IImli .

Employing til, 'It ladi . BritiAAground jorwa dr an c 1 1OUt 46 0 m il in 6 MIIIII! 2 Dutf l lbtr

1944-~ May I t J4i i - j rom po ilion 0/ tr} i e l l I~'!I

111m6Ut! i!1opptd jo r !J~ !lU I" , ant i l ! ( )nr l tJ , d tJ t' "I't'COfltJUtC o j B u rm o ,

2. Air Dptffllion .-Air oper!lti II, were _Ib-'1lI lltially a long th e ~ . m pattern lUI d ~ u ssed in

gro lu det.il ill tion Xl. ' 1 above. ir til,

PO " .pplied and rno\'oo flmJi ,medium bomb rs

nrl f i g h l I'S w l t ' C k C ' d the Japan lin of c om .m uniea li n lind supply po in t in the r of tho

~~mY ' 1I1I,d flow IIIOU nd . o r d oS (! b ~u l irik ,It I SOn 1 I1n : .l l 'I f t I lV llCUi led C JIS Iltlh i •

nileir

up~mllc.f m ~h b ttl !\rea \\'1\8 maintained 11

a ll tun .' Ttu cam pa ig n w a .upponoo by th

RAF Two H un?red n_d~ n~y·finn t au p. w i lhtuc hoo A menca n AIT liorc(l units, nnd b~ ' l hoomb ~ argo TA.Q ](F o I T . . . . Th totalllir I r ' 1 l~ l h

pporlm g III FQ urt enth AllI lJ ' \ \ '11 approxi.

mate ly S O percent "realer b U J } U le T' n t h A ir

X ~ o\~ I· h e ln on gtb of "'hi h is 'h O Wl) i ll e et io l1" pa l'llg n ,pb 2.

3.• l4IUl.iclJl .ttJmlll"""· •F . ~ u, atr I'IptralwTI ill t~,"uri olfll Ilrm!! ('~rtlptli"l1 I III". lO t LOl ~.l

19!,$. ", ' . ... . 'I'I-VV II Il U

./I" 7'to ......"."

' f01a! 19( drl '\ ·ered • •Total ~Dn~1 movN ••.Tot&! ","'Udt ( ! \ : . . . . . . : ;~ . '. . . . - .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .~. . . .• 291.n6

2 O O , O . s 3• Un,Ol1

na~ '~"CiI'G/1

'Io.a bailie Ink IIn'lITo bomb- ,cl battle • Irib;oBrldf!IQId I.oyed. • •pply polo .ttacbd

RI.-u c rw . fl ' . . nlt •• _. - ••Mrr~I"(I\'cdL oe orn otl v . deiroYedRoillni, toc t d lroyr<d

Elii'm), IIlrvl1lfIIJotro~ •••••••••

Z ' I . - c o o4.•33 0

38

. " r d . · " , . , ! Jomoo , dmrn f Airall/I

281t O O

eUl12

G O

26

o lh p lanned nmph ib ious RRS8ult, 11Ila found

that. lh • ron hlld nlrcnd ' b ell \,IIU t 'il by lh1' l ipS. 'llhLq iofonnulioJ) ro~tnll I III bf;l1\

Un ; 011 .11 "1 ;"1 /1 lir I Il1d 011\'01 " ombn r d n1 ( 'n ~ J 1 1 11 nn~, <1(Ql' lh Il.·

'rt flOl\n. " 1a1ilL l'hll.)aps w ro 0\'11 "lllltin~ sollthw rdIII JIg""'l!llllle.. l \ \" I I C lU ll l ed . . ;\Iho A m kl ll i C O il t" II ing Ih o muUip l wate rwllY!!Ot ll ll' l" ," "" !l I I m ev ed .;; 2S .)r h 1I11Jr.:!. A I rg : ai r ollor WR. lhlllofor

1 '0 '" <TltiC$1 (roblht h !lltH l • illo\ 'otcd to (ho d 'I ru tion of 01 1 riv r (')"(1 fti\rlllkorr I\dln'~nIl'I1L 1Il1".ion~. I \'h ic h cou ld II Ion nd . A UIII'k' <'ontinn cd onIlt·",PI .. 04nn_' m ' " l o rt • •• •

'. f, -nomv I roops, lin, Iy reponed hy luud I ill"4',J/tRull u J tnr OplfratitM>l. <"I I COll t r i~ :wurec~ , lind 011 jellies, bridges, nn d rcrri l l l l .

of a ir po wer 1 :0 th II 'srul tlIUIlJ)aiJ:n of' During the 11 :l m outh , th o ai r oJ,ern.lionlionr! enth A r m y \l'OS fully r o o o s , ' 1 1 i l ' . 4 ' d h I ' l .j ,OOn s ·t ed l Il oi nl )' o f coopera t ing will, mnph ib iou

tenon I nom l J im,ommooding 0 Ulirtli. F' . lilt ugni t, Myehon , Rem arce I land ity"

t( : nih lnllY, who, fated: 'Ill no nmpnip Y W 8 , and Letpan, and ill ron{l('ri~ I . ha~lI{'

11I~(or:y h av e th o p ltlll . o f II I tiny been so in.~ldkc ogniruL ounmy dug-in po~itioll in til liue

dl1pt]udollt ,. WiUI op rations in the nil'. T ilit P o of dveuco, On 2 trongly 11 h .I h i ll s g u ar d in g th

t. nlbl 'my could h av e n h i( '.v (,c ] nOlhil,g I ilb< nCllly 'CI. \ I)O route Ilt K llSOW, ever ;50 ton of

lilt> support nod lllilintcnnnco pro" id d br 1 11 0m b nnd 17,;20 g(dlO!l'l o r N a pa l m W TO d ropp d: \ l Ii t 't i ir forc !.'S ." • in th p riod of II IV k , N ap 1m WIIS found to be

par t i cula r ly cflooti.vo in til n t\lr ut~ oll o f d ug -i n

positions.

'I'he l lm p lI ig 11 w as encluded with til ss aulLAIR OPERATIO I TH E F IP 'l 'B E'loll R ang oon , A pril-) .lns 1 946 , in !JIO ol)(lrnLioll

ORPS CAMPAIG MA GDAW T U Dn eu )o ," m o di fie d. Pureehu troops \ r

RANGOON droppcd nl E I ' pb n nL POint , sou th or ltnngooll, to

l a I . . . tnblish 8 b acbheud, and umpbibiou landingsr' nra . -F ol lo wl II g' . tho succ . ful filr", fol lowed. onliUlious 6gbt.r eir CO\ ' r WI I pro.

p ~~. lll~d of th e IW h nnd . v enth In \'idrdfrom b o 4 60 m i lt dill/ml.t Air uppl....end

D II '1 8I 01 \ ~ ti t A l'Il ka fl , F b ru lU y .. ,. \f or o! t 1 ~ l1 il ' eombut "rik 'agnin L JIlI)OIl positio» COil'

I, ~'~I bridges w r \\Cilhdlll\\'n and lhUl'po!I-tillued, '['ho operntieu \\'11 prnctically unopposed.

t o ; ; r 10.lh Ilnpb~~ R r o n to II i. L in b~, Ii,. 1101«r!Iad 1 $ ' 1 ' 1 duimaltd l~ Japaneu troop ill

I I I' III ( h a t . critical ector. Th r('mll~ Burma that 1 I I . ( J flO v ofr . alice tro !lone. '

fort . W,(lf'(j pngoged tOl ' 13 \ '01"81 months ill tho v ic terio u tro op m erc hed into Rangoen , Iboy. le bh . h lD g II I Jill in U IC AI"8k8n Ilnrlllir opd w ere m I.b 8n lLUi Hying offi r who ha d land d

~Ion I~rr ~nfilled mo i nl y to r u rn i~ h in g n ir ¢ ilion on ~lin 'nl&doll airfield th u ! , lay "( ' for IlIIII

a strik In IIJ im m<ld ia t o roa of c n b ' IJ g t 'l 1 l r hRd luk 11 po iII o f L ho e ity .

hi 0 lobar L0 4' 1;, t he o fi 'o n, iv Wll , I lgDU11 2. O ,1 'O lio nu i t at; t ic -, Fiflt nt h u'lll! com-

; I rn rd, o o i no id t: !l 1 t . will) t h l ? olTl' lI iw ) of I!pa '£ / 1 1 . -6 11llrth 1944-1 June UN6.~ollrlee~tli An"y In eot nil Dumlll l u u f II· , ' O n ! ! upp!k. d U\'cml by air __..•• • •••••.••

10 110.rl '·lIer'll Dllmlll. 'rhi oJ1'cnsj\T.~ d " ( 1 . . . .. "'1 I " , o" c d b)"lIJr... •. _._ .... -. •

PCl ld~ Upon oirpowcr for: J'lU6l100J> c....rled... •••••••••

~\~' llntcnIU1C o r JJiod a ir upe.riori L '. ....' tco",~\ lT l f~, :" 110\ \n, r(I••1 II' co lllbn L t'k ' . _. 1.0.... )()In.... "rllll,·"'· __\. . . n es m Ih battl M('Il. It4l.., III d COli. tal ~rall d~N)yM ••

I ~ r u pp ly during rilienl phs iliff d Iroyed___ ,

A~r r no \ ' c ll tc n~ 0 r I 1'00 p. . n oH Inil t.QI:k l U I . . t ,0 ) 'eo1 • • • _ ••

• IJ' d !ruclion of Jnpallu ' 1! IIppJi i n t al l I_molh' .. t roy . . . .. .I.lon nn(l' -- - ) 'I' .. . , . 1 1 ) . aircraft d roy L .

, w.uup, on t I II'A('I' Imd I O l l d IIIcomrnllllication I· . I ' . I I I "..-0«<101., I O lr " " . .. .. . 1 " ' "

( I llg IDtO t lC )0 It. ° rcil.By th o finl~ of .](II\UIIIY 1045 tit Allied .lrIl :t (mtp'ibutior< IIj (Ii" ! ,?~r.· A.f~ r III .~

IIII~ ~d vR nc ed d ow n flie A rokon to \.kY llb wh t ofille vuntll Llid intl Pm'loll by oU' upply , IhlSI " a l S O . . ~ . , ,

11IUrwo( loud d 0)) ( ho i sl an d jll ~ pI '! '

('I b3ul ' 11 '1 1 i ~ 0 o . II••

T on b om b :< , el blllli trill"

SeCtion X V III

3G .1.05100 3

Tw nly ix th Dleisien

Twenty-fcurlh Group:

~I..ny thank . L O c I conyl lt .Ul al lo (or _t >Jul

I Il r M r fk (J l il t. . 11 0. 01 11 . .. hl eh a w l, . .. Oll~ U'OOj l ! lIO OCWP l 'r · .t ur e I ib l)uLo .ny i ua ll l _, (Ap ri l 1945, )

E ig h t. y· so oo nd D h 'i si on 1.0 Two HunJr I and

Tw nly-rourth roup:Very IJl1llcrfuilor e ~IkIlL air 6UJlllOrt. lrl l< 01 1 lab

~ru.bl«l . TWCmll'_.r4 BrlRAdt to lidv an ee a nd <::Ip I u r e aJ I

oblc 11\ • (,\pr n I 1&,)

J>'irst B rig $d ':

Bn d

'rbo elr fllP I_ b '-It Sf> , ! .~ , od 1 1M . .. . ,'td ID

!D. . '01 I ~ u.hi (prU 19~5.)

F o ur th B r ig a d o:

M1lIl)' tbllllltil (or) l"rday' L crlJ«th eeumer-

b«ttU)' p$,·rol, Diy ' ' ' ' 0 <,. . . mt ~b(oll& til't'd &II day.

'ft..llk you vuy much hod ftd ror Jour IlA n l /l 0 l' 1 I1 . .. p-

pon from )II i10 TallOlCllp.

R ngoon-key ily of Ih J P II (' Bunnllb'mpi w bi b Brili,ll groundconl l l l tU ldun; w",

rcluelonl {4J I lutlrk os 1 0W 1U : 'Ia rc h 1 94(; ur·Tendered to 11 I n l' H AF pilo t ill M y of t h o m

ye r. A ir I) ( )w t't 11 1 )(1w r ked th Ii( lin b. \ok

to lh e JaV an Em pire, hed 1 11 0\ '0 0 lUlied i l : r m i t ' »

o"er Bllnnl\ und . lIllplicd II I m wh c pnwiol Yp r o:w ri b (> ( l g r ou n d eonc liptB . id IIL~y cou ld 1101

g o, h nd 1 ) 1 0 \ \ ' 1 . ' < 1 up Ihe g round in fro lll f til .Ilcmj ,ll I I d an i Imo\ ' III'Ilt and inLeU ' lie hi

til QUI"my . TIl« p ow er o f ',I m y N i: laue "lISg on -llangoon bl l I bel'1I i U\'a d ~ , controlled au d

occupk-d by ,iiiI'd air., w in nd\ ' fU lc of, lind

ju t n di - .Lrolllliy & oecUl)l1tion by .urfollo

(orco.

, l)J~

39

eceien XIX

UPI'ORT OF THt

It ELL ROAD

I. GCllual. - fr ;l uh ' e on e 'pliou of th e (II 19 rue-Ii II (th;. L i l w c l J R d II 'i:;i~lll'd 1 1 1 1 1 1 it would

b e , ·m ire]y ., f Ipportir~ lind furtj l( lmlol'U 1 1 m !

i \\ ould "Ul1port th e, g rou nd a rm l ill the !lorlll

Burm mpait;lI. Th i ptimi!lli vi wpoinl ~

seen disp \'I.'U dUI' I ( h e gOO !! O lp h (} f tho regionnmllhc "npti~~r lh l' w ea UJ e! ·. Bltrl), i ll 1 9, 13 ,

ron~tru Ii n pers 11I1I'J 11 1 f ) n . 1 f the tenuous

dbed, illclling lrom 4 10 tOI nl lIingbll'iY11IIg

on!" til ju ng l· -t O\ l· rt 'li .\ 'ng a JIiII', rroqulllllly

W 'J'C. eut off from tt. rea r bv landw id ' 1 1 1 1w b-outs Ilnd initially l'I!C'h'4li ir-dropp, I 'up-

pli.... II.Il AIl NUl'CSt 'ney IIIe a s u [ \ '. .\s lhe w ork

P lind Iii, d' tant'· ck to Led . till'

uJ}ply point, i ll I , lilttle on ir l>Ilpply

b e me m re !lllll 11101'0 o f a n ll C "C cpl ~l pl'OC<'llufl).E ·.'nti I ., ri n rillg 'quipmeliL lind p rts, g o s o _

lin lor the rna hinllrr nd geo r ut or s, I 'I lt iO l lS ,

ffillil. nd c lO lh il W W ert . n mo ng rh m B ny i tc UlS

called for.~ , lh· ."o rlll B un nn a m p ! l i I ,' 1 l lid th !"O ad

movcd ~ tlnnll'd dewn the Huk~"'11g ' aUl'Y IcntIre IJOlb of the road, \'eral mil i n l en g tb ,

w • !Iood I Ul I r W~ fJ( 8 lim', ( } ln ll l t ( !J y

I. I~ l~ n" th e l '( ); Id P li working ah sri. Innddlt ion, 10 . ped it OOlnllletiolJ of til road ,

(a~lu. n·r·.I t ~ rar f Oh ln rd , l lo lllb ly in t ile

MrllkYl!it~ f tf "l '. tI , w or ki .n g b e k 10 li ll k u p with lb.

LI1I OOJilmg do II from tilt, !Jorll. bvio I

U of !Iu p<'ople nfl III ·ir rqujplll~nt IlIId tUI'i~II wn UI od upplil-d by ir.

11 ~ i n VJ 1 lI J' fHu 'i .M ~ " 'a t I~ J'lJ(JJimuld nal hot '(

Ix.n CQfl lpI"td bU tJ., "d o j tile r if (I. T o a d

l J u . t t k . " . 1 1 1 1 « 6 :u. CLJItlp'u. d to reb, 01. I ' " . ,a _ .. J ., I'~ I ' . " w.r"'Jtn.f/( ' "- Y Q .. . . , rOO t , DI" l lldipr GM.ra J Pic k ..Iu"l'll{'?f tiJwl'lJ R d COl., Ire tiou, WI 8 ( I . ' 1 " IIIh~uro 111UJ(: Om of .\luj, ·Ii. HO",Il~1 I~!"

V vlti'on,. t01lunllndillg tho Tenth Air f.'ore .

l)n m' 1 , ~o r mort· I'lllilgc (0 Ix > d . Ii \, r e dth ' d pmJ! t by (lir. 1't.u J •

which III hitiou_,;lv U lr t« l 1 11 " ' 0. . ,." ' . I' lProlootIx . ~ . .~, .,u/l/I,' an a rmy, JIlt', I ·It, 81 1 addilion I bunl II 'O il II .'

lol"C(;, au d II dllily II tioll or Ir La I liu'ulilIle to tlul. I "O f t d projcc~. nna ge fI8

'J be bUN 'n of a ir upph 10 tJ •R nd ~·U011lh 'rrnlh \. J . ' - Ie tihv(,U

,j Ir oret', IIlr uy h Clw ily

40

ORllllittoo ill eonne tion Willi tb, NI

. Or Nomool . ~\n'll ouunanc clIllIpOlgn lind J J fi!;UTt'8 to Nor h llu rm o, ,

project ill uorlll ]Jul1nn, fpO 111(>t lhe lillp Ill. ( , ion X\'! 800" '0.

dllOllllld' for mor ni l' 10llntll;"' lnte Bunna I 3. R o a d ,«"onna' (Il1u.-Du to til inn

peak of op('nll iolls, Tonth . \. ir }I'or C Olllb;t Ibility ~(lh I rrnin b): MY other In , '. road

lind troop r" ' i( l r ni rc :rMI, w nl IKling op' . t OOllOI. neo a nd Locahon was dOM pnnclpally

f t•• rot I 2 20 h ou rs per j"o l> (1 ftl·I'. r ~ I > ! ,y air . 'I'n(h "iT O.TCOL-l>1I n \ 1 ' h und red s 01. , J l . . lie • I' • U d't,..

month, Pilots were nyillg Irom 1,)0 to 200b Iorh fo r tl~ rol 'l( ngln . rs, moten!) ~ xpe I

. sud md io open1tOrs wt'm f 1y in .! ; 1 1 mueh Ib ng reecnnnu 1004110n, and mmntcuanc

I I urs iu a single IIl01lth. )roblcllll.. ., . ' .\l'i t he g ro un d fo re es OIl(iIlU4X1 th . I 4. ,it'f.(Itwn 'lO&rIur~.-Anothor con.lnbtlhoD ? r

movement, Ille disMII!!' [)t ick tA l ui/l:p.~~~~~.he Ili~fo ' to the. h ll 011Rood project ~lIm U1~ . l I I, , , , J j "'bo dire ~ mploymcnt Q r ' ven bnltohon of

m p~ I\'Cy.g r e a t " ) " I 1 I ~y r r < i I .l c i n "'iatlon II rill . on 1'0.d ons truetlon. ' fhillrgO dcl,, '(·. ~1I(l!l 'It.y of c~(' h 11'Igllf'd u ir Jl lG g ur o I l' ul ,) ' be eontro ted to til lotnl of UI

.0' qucnlJy, It was dclcmlUl('<i to 11Il . !o 11'111 'l"iotion nginc r battalions in oil of Burmn om-l lI rt 'r of t u s f ll r fo rward down the {'o.nll'l·(ed I I . " . ld .stru tlon1 1 " . y C f on tnr,l 1I I.

I l' currymg eapuei y of the I nd woulu (Jd1 Airfield COD truetiou i mentioned only O C'C o.

01 1 1 !1 1' ll o .c oJ ll f. lI tt .c lu od ro n WM blll:led nl · II'ttt i. an seutia l to o ir p ow er , andin Indin-Burmnzup, 0 m l~ 1I0rll~ of Myit~)'il ll l, in e c m Q l t w pieced in tl prioriLy low r then tb Ledo

1944, but. II. rryl~lg capo Il,y was rI\'H I Road , Th n;r iu tnllution progrmn in fllliia and

meL by . upplles onung up to thi point. by ncBUnllll. w hendieapp d by til fnilul'6 oImony

£11mnlly instsnc sirord!. U)to d "PU l hed gnei to gm p M y in III wor th importanc

I • m 1 > M e . for til second 10[1t1 of 1 1 , 0 r tho a ir el1'ort to the wo r in . iu,

• im illlrly tho troop C :iIl'ri( lr s quad ron bR~ O n 15 l-O\femoor H143, ill th e course of II• hin bwiyang, 01 til 0 r 'I end r the Iluka corr pond nee with Lieutenan neral tilwell,

\'nU<,y, 50 mil rrom I 'do b' l iT and 102 f".\(ojor 0011 ml tratem y r wroL lbol "nviation

L OO o b y ro ad , fl"UclullTltiy t ag i. 'd b ue k to A! ug1:nC I unit. train d and equipped • •

1 m ! '(or ' o o d s . C or th func tion of air r re ng ineerin • •

· Thw;, pm ' liMlly 611of til suppli that being lJSj)d by. - lor rond buildin~; co nI11LoBurma ovcr lIJO lilwell Road woro r di lt (! uo nH y o ir fi el d Ulfllnl! 'unnec, eon InlctlOn, nn d

f m hil1gbwiyollg or Wamzup by Tenfb pa.ir b fAlIcn.(~r behind."

Fore tron porI 10 th a graunll. o ir , o l) d Sl'l"\Whllll tb Dnh h w Core d ?ut. of .B urD i. '

Coree f or t h er ron\'tird, 'rlJ ~ "T 'atel' po rtion ~ In rc h 1 9<1 .2, thero were only 1 6 I l Ir fi el d In In ella

• uppli w ere nir lift4!d diri. . 'CdY"from 'SSIUbilpo, i ng a .1 I- w e th ~ ~ I IW l lS ~ . . 'rbo RA F d II'

to Burma lint! 11 w'r utilir.e(1 ih a lilwQII HOlduP II prognlJ]~ ro r buddmg 21... iu.rfieldfl. By th

I'IS U l( '1 W CI '6 1 \ 1 ' 1 \ . \ Ii\' llqlUlclronll working fJllollll of 1.042, JI"o. of III h n ( ~ been om pl te d nud

III I "'ppo Io il >, f l o . . . . . . lind on all-Wl)uU. I nlLlw.lIY." nJll.XlDllllll ° .wo w ,.. - , ', d

( rom H urm " b .. d ' • I . I t D u to c nslilllt p 'ur from (UI' OUlm n _OTS ,.. u. Il J8 on ~ to! I' roa ( nic e. . f' 1..... 1 d"A . 1'1 Ii\ft. r [omit!! 0 I l !nin· r l .. 2 J t l l I,hy,Jo.OU{lry, 10 .",2 5 jill' 10 uzo " . " : , ,eu corn ) l 0 {\{

1 t" d. I .. go II rood 011 ". ulld 150th I"Swor undorconsLruclion. OrtJl SIl,'[ I 1> , intlnd II all' (nln. !,orliltion r.Ollllnu~l'O' ~...tlpl to in nil ~I\N>I 04 hn d nIl·I ' OOtli! moto· 'I . II" \~ r "" .. -_ •

out or a . r COrJ\ 'OY_OllroU ,' to / l J I i l w 'nth r rU IIW Il. ,nnd 1 were f.ir·\\"QAc!lor trip"\'11110' {Itl,. n d 1 J\ .: on lO ~ ro nd C'( 1 1Il Ih N~lmbi: l l ind th lH'inlioll nginC!cl'8Oil (ho rood oocn eJII-

lin ;'. lenth r For . Lrolk pori n ow '~ ' i t " · ' pIGYt'd in tJl on truth Jl of oirfi ld ,lh octuill

R d I!leb. cnobl( '(1 th em to oonliull Gi l Ih II' . oil' upporL to hmn ond n n Gf dlC fighting front

~ ~ nn ma l l l~ CUn1 l~ .1. l a chmon froll] \\'allh~ill BurmJl w ould hav o d ...eloped mo r e q u io h ly nm l

t b' to h lng b"" l 'lIng, Burmn, II rllllllly h ut l~ in g re ut r II lreng th • III oir-bll d . v l op ln en t

o 2l ~J1 nrc, t n ir . t rip lO r uppli~ , . prof>r,utl GJI8istcntly J gfted b hinel th nir. ol~na!ll dUIU.ud 10 Ihl' rood projrcl.-'f J l I O u r e o ",nilllbl.

nu g d(!IJ\'crl'd 10 muiltl nOli frond I ~JlP 5 Rood dtl i ri ,-I~or th d oli\'o ri f Sup-IIIld ro r ro I . . .,I . R··

. or on lmolion w~ not t(ltisllC pli to hilla 0 or 010 lih 1 1 0 d, uon&epo .m l cd . u , t til tim o. 11>a i nc lu de d in U nlO

('lInlpaign, . . c x . r wb()J1 in UII.'S6 dc-liveri

dolivo:riCl.

compared to nir

eetlon XX

AIR OPHRATJO I PPORT Of THE

PIPE-U .EPROJECT

I,Gtil( 'rol . 'rh p ipe-lin proj t in lud ed n

-t-ineh line from Ledo to Aunrrung, OD a oJ-inch

lin f ro m L ed e to B J. m e, a lld O il G -in cb lin (rom

Ledo to } r i tk -. if Ul . Th functions o( th linW ~lyitkyil;6 6~d Bhnmo w r to fum' II gowlin

fo r c emba t airpJon based in B urm 81 ld to pro-vid "lopping-oIT" line fo r T In,,po,

thu permitting grcn.terpay 1 0 d k to hin II. 1. : tein th cllmpllign, Jun 1. 5, combat eargo squad-

ron wer ba d ilL i 'lyi tkyin and hauled g lin

directly from Ibis point to Kul )m ln . . . .2. lir U.l~pl!l_-l'iI ~line poniODlJcl ! 'OOn It d

th III probl m s II the ro d e ng in ee rs "idl re-spect to supply. In dditi n, Ihey hlld the prob-

I III of rnO \'lllg in thepipe, :" nia, II daily ..UOCll-

rcion of oil ' t .on llllg a s mild (o r ,h' l)fOject an d

on compl I troop am T qusdren ( ti le Three

H.undrooond Ninet nth Troop arritr undron)WA rn v I to T ingkftwk "Ilk 11 , in J nuary 1 0 - 1 5 ,

10 fly tho pipe, aecumula t I by to J and air tohina IlJlJ point in b etv o n, All pipe: [o r til

projc ut h of Tin~kowk kiln we ai r-lifLoo,

total r ,947 ton o f p ip o bcin tb n moved .

cerion XXl

H r tP OPERATIQr TO Hlr A

I.hilliol ftpl'tofioll,. 1 DU(I(I/xr 1941-lli Dl-

Wllx.r 191 ,8 . In )1111' b, 1 42, Drig. Gl'n. E. J.,

N llidN I , us d i l" \' c( N I b y Mlljor IIl ' taI. Dn'n'l(lfl

to nm kc n.. \11'\' Y of th o B u rJ ll ll . a ir C · J :1 ,'O n : JU l l '.

Th£' Ii 'l imporUlIl! ope l'llli n It - the HlImp

SUbsl'qUQlllly IK'cllrrt 'i1 in ~\pril 1 42. 'tili~ill10 Pnn-A m' icun ( ' 47' · l lOTTGw.~I Cm m .Unra ,

'hn \ml.'ri 11 1 Ail' 1'01"(:4' dcli"cn,,1 3 .000 lC"lIoir C t lint' om l SOO lion r i l l hin h.

for l,il'uh:IlIUlI ()loll~1 Dooliltlo', Tokyo Rllitllll"l>.

U\' .}uh· 1 42, w ilh (hI) fonllo lioll f ho) hintl.

Ail' ~1 k - [ . ' ret', the prim a. ro ' ion of til ' 'l'ellll,

A'ir 1\'0l'C hlill Ot,(,11 I ll·fineo;l lLl "li te I I I llint( 'nonc

ol ld penuiol l of h(l ~ m-BuJ"mo · hil~iI r. rryfind ir t Jl ' I )O~ rolll under lit· I t~" .Im

tioll QI ')\( 'l'1 ll lih\ 'cU."BS ugtl L 1942, till' b'1)n1 of Illl! ,li.... l!n:'f

'e 'j to hinu hael b' 11 el ot 6 ,000 I 11~ pt'r

41

menth. By Ih~ lim ! th e impo r l lmc ( I of tlre

F lum p a ir rou te I ,hillA ha d been fully. r<'<'0Jt·

nized , but IIJ{\ 1'.dt'lIl to which it rou ld be de-

"eloped ba d no t Y'[ 1 M ! n ( ul ly gt'iI plod.I ni ti al H u m p opernliolll I\' ro ront iu dc c l by th e

Tonch \ir Fore bU I il soon ~ smo ("'id III

nUll II p . R l1 \ lc c omm and , wh i c h WI) 1101, invo lved

i n c om b at Op<irnliou , . I lri~ Io r e xpan s io n

of tin ' proj t. , , \ccol'd iugly, lit Ind ie- h im }

Wing. 1'. WB$ ·ti\ ·I I ICtI allli ' I In1NI o(l( 'm-

iiollal 00 nlra} on 1 Decem bur I 042.

latHi . 011 lit fiOlt:2 y('lU~ f l ll ~\ H um p

operat ion' ill:1;Igi"(!11 bl-Iow:

.\(-

P " '~I ."

Ju.. ,·••••

July,

"i~O\· Id _

~mb.:r •••

)_

HW!1 9 < 1 2

1942

1 1ml!Hll

I lU l l

1942

I 12I 2

I 1 3

1948

1943

IlH31943

J9~3

10431 9 4 3

1 9 4 3

1 9 4 . 3

1 ~ 3

IGIS

,..._,. ... S*1d

100 I)

70.1

l or .. 9

.9

• - 1 .1

4 :w . 2

0 02 . "6nl)1 J 2

I,

2,'1'21..'

2. 239. I. i

I,' 9,D

1 ,571 . " '

I. 7.0

3,451.0

,4i7.1

: : . . : n l .,749.9

6,190.712,641.0

42

th o FourtcQIlth , , \ ir Foroe w as POrQ.l ingI t

10 \ \or than II ar 1)I ' ' I )"ioll Iy w h t- II 0 1 11t). 01 1 nil'q ua rter of th e to ta l t ~nl loA :C Wd~ coming 0: vftilnblo, Iltl n

lT. •

r_ ump, .111'11111·IIII1f}tllgll.

F or th o liA ko or ec mp uri son , ru nd lin d pilll- ' 1 ' 1 1 1 ' p ro j~ ! I'd Iheaterplan f or g i\ ' ing mnx imnm

deliveries 0 h ina rc hewn ill th(> l l l b i lPply L o hill ll 1I\ 'ital ' ,II Ih u t ' e h n l R r ' 11140

follow. '1 h e fig -II 'on roa d d al.i"llJ'fy in c ll Jd .u u lt l S C I ' I h I' I ol low in ' ddh'eri

Imght tI} til ~hidt it ~IJ,which 1'(,lIloin I ill Ill. II P' I ,._• · 1 '. . ' I · · ·1 ' M : I • 111 n' 011, 100.000I'L ~p mg u nec on cnuc a to OPl'rot vo lIoles OU, :K t lfm l . .1.1'(1""(1. ••• 30 , O(J( IWilY trip over 1~IC t ilwelJ l{ lIel. 'rhe w' Ipc Iii..,. • ••• 13,000

tho nil'pllln(!ob\'ioll~lyil not. ill(!Illticd ill IIM'II ROJIlI.. -1,000

d Ii eri s s h ow n for a ir, 'r I 1-47,000

Tb o following tab le eev ers the l)o riO O 01 0 : . ~ . . ~ ' . . . , . - .B nrm u o tro 'ill, Jonua ry L9.... -M a y 1!l4S . B y fill 11Il~ It wn . I a rly und ', !ood h y nIl

:l. afi lies, . 1a ,ju ar g l lJq 4-Mal 19111 i; r ea te r p h '~ lI Io g ~g('nc'l'S thot ~Iw • 11. lw(l1In lidY I suld con i ribut hUle LO 1 1 1 ) 1 " >lIlg hmo , r ; < O : C ( l p t ~

Ig in th e dl'lh'err o f \ , { !h i ! 'l ( ' . 011 11 n "'\\'Ily (rip .

-----------;,-----;----:- - O n V,J.dny lit, lIir f O T C e w ro w d l on th " Wit)'

';:";11 I I I r I lllP<lling t h e 1 3 0, () O { ). .t on fig-lin'. having dl'lh 'redlprox im o.td y 7 0,.0 00 ten in .July 1 94 5, 1 1 1 lr u I

'Ilk m onth of po rI l i on .

G . Hum 1 ' /a iiS li • I J u » 19.16-1 Dumb r1,~6:

lum p. Th l1_ ullita wt'J·(· nown;·su ll o f th o eom ple tien of Ih e

hath

J lUI) WI!

r'~lfl'" ... . .. .. " . . ..11

prII "H i.\lOS INI

'_111

J II I1 'I 1 1 •• .

"""'" 10i1·pl.tm~I~H

0u.0IJ . w .Notr.bt, t t l I,.

u...", J~"I_N .

Ftbmvr I~U.. , .

\1_ai 'M

J . .D 1'1#.... . ~ II.»_~"fIIU • I m

TolAl '-' '" ••• • ta W J

---------__!!._--.L---=---.-Ito lOG" ~

h. II 1I....s

To 1 -0 I lonllllg ueli" red 10 'h ina I Jlinu," • of'thldotol .•!944 t 1 'r •. ' .' d , , , , w l , , U G " ' '' ' _11m. '. .,un 1945 mclu«(Ulg lUI', roil • ~ ",1>«1 U

p . I P C line ou d th e w o i < > 1 1 of tho \ 'lIhicll'S . , . 1 '1 " " "11 '1 J l . ' I ' I ~ ' ' 04 .1 " ,, ,, ,_I" lu_1 IIo;«I1!bH1»U.,.

CAm v 'r t I roth), w a s 1;2379. LOll '. 1,1 llot (I Iud' .... IllTho AT ' d { 'lh 'c rtd O . . ' " i perccnt of th i 1 01 >1 ' J..l·'fho tilwcll Road doli,,(> d 10.5 pe "nL o f 1 1 1 - - -- -

total. . . O. !lol r .J air po~r.-ThoL IIio Army Ail'

Th J)JP . 1 1 1 1 d l· lh . r td :l p()r( 'cn( r fh e I r • \ir ' 1 ' 1 ' n port ' IIIm.lIId \ 1\, th u~ "(m (ly

4. l i' of iO :WWf } t il v ic ror /l In Burlllo.-AJI<lr" Ii II t ll ll lp li cd ! 11 I lmilihlry , '((orl ill hiuQi;; in·

I 'OOlJ>Wl ' .of U alJj.;oo ll, th e m njo r Ib eo wr ProJ~, , " _ I.o bl o nd no · Io h or nt io n I Ic c d IJ r m nd hrr('

o r lit l u d U l . 1 3 u r l l 1 L L t ll cn l( lr W l l. ~h( ' ollgln nh1 ! " t he im l )OrtA l ic e o r th e issul!. W orlh IlIl lmoril l-

P"r~rn t r ~pnll ion of th A T rouw to IlIn~ It w v r, If(. Ih I ' r-nll . taLi:!U . of tb . lI id

~hlB A'I" " ' lOh ' l 'OIli WQ.8 d ig Jlcd to d~ ' l iv l ' r Ipp l i( l d lh~ IIII'. offort, in bil1Jl-~l~11 \ 1 1 ' . , ( . 1 in

,,,,U.1U1 laO,o~ t~1I III nthl. ' by Fehruary I~'I • , ) '11 mllll~lbl mo l ' I e f ll lt ! p ohL ll 'l 1 1 ol To o( .II T d o ll l· I .' tl I lS w e l 'e ( '( ) be l Iugm1('utcd by d llluo!, bc 0 (' II),' ~d.

I I I . . .lIelllg troop carri r, ombUL rg und hra '

horniJurdm. tit organiUll iol ls from Ih l8CLiCII. I'

_ t . . Cwso Il.oupIe.....'" .,.0lI"",p.•

'<I Tr~ Cu r ' Io I : 0 '01 1 .1 "0 ....''(11)-.

bb. (J""'f' (III

Tol,,1 Ion... !!:" rio"," 10 hi.... 7 ~mbrr I 41 11l'C('1tl1K-.r 1015.,7 1,283.

')'0.. 1 IO"M~ O\' r th 'tlh'fU Road (Inl'llldlllll "r~llIll~o r . .. .hl~b). J61.703.

TOlal 101m..". IlIro" 10llae /tlpt: u , , ~ .2J ", '.GIl\"d IOlllllonll.~ to Chl'I., 8H,761.Pt~1l11l d Ih'~rM by "ir, I.

I' =nl. ,1<'1;'-~I b~ ro!i'l. IIU) (lneludin wriNhto r \ blttl ) •

Pe r '"laKe dcl i( ' rtool b , . pille 1Io000,2,'1.

The' ph nomennl growth of nir tTtln~port opera.

tion to hinu nll'l)' b t, &pp~e<'ifl icci b .v compllI.ing(Ii 70,00 ~on. dc-li red by nir ill .July 1 5, toIII\ ' ).);,000 ton per m Ollth ",hiel. nm e ever lhe

Id B u rm n ROlltt brf r th w a r .

croon X X J I

ATC II TRA·fNDIA OPERATIO

I. G lI#al.-J ndill served I>rllll'ipnily o.! A zone

of cemmunicat ions (o r L11(1 Uird military ~rrort

in th o nd ia -B urm a LII I . 'l I t er , bu t it foiled to pre-vi d tlil' ground l ines o r eornm uni . l ion ss ntialto t h (' m ns " jllg f the mililnry ( ' lTorl . It \\ '8\"ilnlly 1 I l > ( ' ! . ' : ··Lr)' 1.0 I hL ' A l ii II P p a r a r i o n r r 1 1 1 1 '

Burmn o f T ! . ' n _ i I · C ' lind Ih e uppJy rnisslon I hina ,1 h ilt personnel a ud S! J pplies be m ov d .W' nt I I - . •

t ane ,1II1I1l)' r i me s quickly, t arul from port,sh<ging centers, lminillg hase . ,I('pots, and Ior-

wnrd in>ttAllillliou·. Jndil1' . rai l I inc of eenuuuni-

rotion wor "I tl~(IIII\I.to U I ~ d th e m ililO TY

requ i rc m ~n t. . Tho ruilw y ,y~{('m \\'11$ poorl. '

dev I ped Atilt hU lu li C fl PP d by III f rollings tock l ind hud four ,lilTrrent track go!: . Th!)

r oa d 'y st III w as IlIlITO" , poorly g ra d d nd IOfg Iy

implUsohll ' during m iny w ea th er, R iv er ( 'ra rt 011

t h e B r u hm a p u rr n Dud Gnn n ltin>1'S W l' "iir(.

COli qucntly, it wes e s s. .. .m in l th ut IlII in lm·[ndin

(.ir tr flOrl r tem b devol I)' I.2. / lf ci fi c r o le o j a i r I}()I/)fr :-'rhc spceiflc ecntei-

bution () f air power 10 th .Id at of tit, .Isp n

hy thl' intrll-llilliR trurtsPO.fl o por lio m L di ff icul.t

to oin WTms lil'1' (hnn Il l l lUh(' r r 1 > 1 : pie

l no ve '! ! o wl . f O Ul in g! ' o r . lJ]lpli~' ol1d equipm nt

curried. 'l'h A 'I ' i nlr (l ·J ud ill t ru n. ., po rl t m

WI f lilother of th e iUlriclit ~' {o w....t o't:,mi.1. liQII. with 1I~w hi II l'O ulu 'iOll, d 'inys. IU ld II rIllc c ! i f l i ull i",~ inckh!lll l poor 'omll ll ll1i tiol

wouhlll11 \ !1 l !'I1SII~d.

3. t o t i ic.s.-Earli to 181·i .11 u\' ilflbl n

43

inlra-Indin lif begin ill .Tuly 1~43. P ro m .lu lyI 4:) I D e .m bt· r 1 943 , I II l ' t 'C O rd w a s fol low;; :

•• ITC 1 tN-/nrli" 10 I~'

}'rom I .lanua., . 1 .1;1 LO 1 . Iu lI l' 1 9- 16 . ~'f '

inlnl.lmlill trtln.,Port Ii n ,yst III moved by a ir

I (jJJ67 to 0 ' suppl i • 'quipOi ' nl Ilndpcrson.J\rl-a'·t:nl~ l" m r Ihan 10,000 101 per 1II0nlh.

11Iti.'<ti· r.' nOL nvadable III thi , tim e 011 the

pt'rio;l IJUI!' 11 ).4. 1 D • HI· '(5 .

ec t ioo > . . 1 r I I I

X X BOMBER COMMA I -. .r o O PERA TI ONSINDIA

44

were th mojor la rgo : R ililrollc l 11 (1U ! ll lg . ko k .U , m go o n. n n t! Mo lt y! \· o il 1' () fi ll .P lU'l t '1 Ulol!lli nlini 10 m l iou plAnning B ud

in tolllliiou s in um utrn, iU l;lllJl ro, I lI ld R I I J : U ot b ri ...fing. Without, 1 .0 eov r. the work rd ock end h orbor Ieclliti nt. illgnpor un d ~ 0 !n)ll!gi('~onu ta 'l ie nl u ir fol ' p wou ld lo B I I

ra ilroad brid ~ n a r B nng kok j supply tin n I I 1 c l T o . o c t ] \ ' C .

lbngoon n nd m in in g III I lig on ,. in gI lV O l'l';4 •. UfTfY 11h00~ raphy . "I . II,I An d up-to-Rnlm B I ,l\ ' A I iII Pnilim ba ll~ '1 1 (1 mUfTI! WI r p ro c luc d eov l 'r '" g It. fir n of

'f o 1 I1 ;I ~r ( t he ir o pe re tt en s from hirUI "" . .... ;<~ (ogrollnci. a ir a nd !WM' ic ' fon;' "

th o xx Bombe r emmand operated 11 ~ ~'. Bailie aT(II ~!lN,a!lc.-Th{· l cmt~ry ovrr

, 6 over th e H um p, farrying (;oSQIiIlJ) B hlC:b lht) l o rL hl1 rn O n!~ I\ L Ar 11 Omm811f1.rAt ( I of 1451'" to { r n c i' ou rl . .t ll lt h A rc n lY IInti j"(leot'lIth C rp . IJI·I: ~ c : s . I tn. U 'I! IllS0 ~blPP~vWel ' f 'iI,"LI~d IVA!! ph~tog phed Willi in Ildnln('c of

u e I n 'f d o\..~ o r C, l 1 1 1 1 1 ' 1u Y .<v\. u nd o pe m rio u ..• I nc l th (l t ll (l ll ntis r p r i u t• m me n J If 'c ra ... • I d I' 1 I' IR -"h' ImlS Ie g IIlll rom rnlU lf "no w ere I 1f',r on y 1'1"

3. , ult. I ~ ult ,of t h ea e o l_ lt l1 ,· ,b h . guide.>; ill tilo I JUI 'l 1IU jUI I~ 1 - illl'ntif),illg

. nn ~ I~ o l'nlllll((I(I, p ~rn tl.v fr: om lI ~e 01 ' a il ~. r il '~ 1 '! 1 om l ( ;&1.l 'nl inl 1 : , '( )gn 'Lphic (Mturc.lIll ·"hchon plan of Ihe Illr forN' 11 1 [ lI dl n- Bl .r b . , . n ne I 'h O Lo lf mp lL 'I " griddl ..l. 1I"'r,' u sed in

II I milu._\ ' t'~ tho B -2-9 truck Illite!', i n l l li l~ r ou l ld opom riou , tfll ' li.:I'h r I li lo t l in d

II'VI'\' ~U l of rll~gc o~ othu ai l' l ro f lVI' e nir~grolll lc lp , fly hllvjUg dupJiclIll' print.

( \d c nt l, m g H I (! . i so la ti on f f o t t de JK!r 6. l I' o t'M I iI 'l ! 1 co rUY1{1 (, F . 1 I 1 ' 1 n y f i n t' ' lI i pp il l g 0»-

Jepane -ec 'lIpi('d I n-i to ry . 'fb . op( 'n"al iol ls were 101l0\\'NI u y rtoguhlrl" p],otogmphing

\ o ro n coo : ill Ih e SIIc«sl!ful interdiclion I Ilt lp 1lrt llioir in th e A nd am en s, nud em'lll)" OOtli!tolJ

IIPI1iJ I8 h y 1 :1 01 \tel' 1 1 1 1 1 1 bn 'll: w ns <In 1 ) " , anned

ul eo u n t . ' I . I .

PHOTOGRAPHfC D TACTICAL t, i l tJ J ( 1( R o o d all" pip~ I inr , The work ofRECOI A1 SA CE cation IIlId construction of th lilw l'lJ H Olld

III pip J il l" W IL l>mn't' riully I 'XP l i t- ( '( I b . . . . 1)11010-

I. 0. /ural.-Th work of th e J! ' ( 1 1 1 1 1 I lhi eeverag ,lIS w re tit p " r o l i o l l of I I U I I I " r -

In ~i t '( t l l ind phoLOgrtlphi' l\'ooJUloi'Mlle $Qt! pcciol 8~('11 ie. within Duniul ,

ror was \'ituliy ill1porhmt 10 mili tary ope"'t .• 'ffll II} dlori.-By : :- '1n:; , 19H. I hl ' p ho to -

in the III l iu.Bumm lim tor du to II! d<'9 aph i ' rccollllnil&lucl) f o r e . . . h l \d p h O IO gm p h t' l. l

il l tc l l ig 'Il (rom gr und sen re • IIIHi due tol o f lb u i lll po rh m t onemy lines of ( ' mmun i e a -

poor un d ina ccurute m ilp. available I\t Ih t)1 \ a nd h ad mllppC'11 51 ~I'C("H f f lU I } ur ll ll l, n il

~'illiling of the w ar, ('II of 152,000 M 1unr m il _. lim' t im e s lI t( ' 'iz

'l'b a s qu lId rO l ll l J'Ov i ti ed invulunble in~ ~~~IU ld . 'fh i: .; l!~rO~Conlinu.('d 1 - xpnml ,

g m ee nnd g urv e) ' i nf om l li ti ou f or L'f 'OlInd, . ~t11I l l , Jnnu~ry 104;) , ;1, , '1,000 J1n"~, pe r montha nd a ir fo rt· . II ulIUllarizcd bc tew , - re b em g .1( ' h" l · rN' Inground nnd m r (orM ,

2. Airjiu(l cOI'C1r.-Thmllinl.ellilnl!t' 01 if

II riorit,)" d 'v end c lon know l ·d g oC (1 \ dispo.;nd tN 'ng th of th .Ja p!11I ' ir Ii' rce. Dnirli It ! COl' r w i th il l 1 ,20 0 m il of ou r Im .~ , 1 lRA L R '

II~O\'id d Ulj iu {o rlllu tiO ll . nInny lI.8 0 cn 1. (J, ncral.-ll .. I~ Tw o fhmdl'cd Twon~y.

alrfirl(~ wc r p h ot og roph ed doily. 'I.'flrg'l I II . lt I Group 011,1'1 ' \ \ '0 Hundred 'T'\\,llnl)~.fHth Group .

I'S' ntial to ~Irfield 1\1llwk 1\' rc fUll prodUiICTBting' 11i.1'~t1)' under Iii \Ilicd ,\ir ' m-

(il!!li<l opc.onatlo)ll>. . anllor in hief, 11'0 I {)(In illl fo r 1 :( '1 1ml

3. La C{)c., 7.-AII of th e ruilrond lInlll conuot: ne nnd IIllli~ubJl)ruin o}HlnHiol iS in

tlln~ n : m d ill B urm n a n d inm w er I lI tO i. J l l " " T e \'6 t I'll: an OI 'Cn , 1l)lllJioj: 10 Indill. Tilofind tll R8ngk k ill !lipo!' r il\ \"I~~ ' , Ii, ("I){,di , II nn, th MO M:l1Ibil}u fmnnol , tht.>

to II p o in L ' u II of th Mola) ' I I f rO J l ti c r. Ifof A d n, tln d th o fitly r Dl 'ngu l O O n l p r i s ( ) J I . Ih o

provided i O lt 'U i g D C on b J' id g n t 'O J \d i ti o~ , Ief 1 ' C n . o f [ '( "' 1) 01 1 ib il iL y o f . \l Ii c( \ • ir fore in

recolI . l rucl ion, llllPly dumps, usc of t h c . ,. i li " id i a .Du rm l l .

nutI count. of ro lling ~ to(lk, I t n lS (l pro'

Section XXIV

Section )0..""

E OPJ lRATIO . r S

Patrol onl n " 6,~I'1,11'\ '1",,", r "uu~ -hlp ~,~, •• , _ ,ill

/II1rK'>h~)1ld.... _. 1,07

(Kn m)' hIPl, l lIJl : dsion.,: JII.., 11l11-JUf 19.'$)

IN l'''rJ1d:

fI.fti "'", (1,000 tOll).,IQdlo J/o,,..

:""Ildla~r No.7.

1 0 1 > mowr """,~h.I"ou< . 1 ( ' , . , . .0"" ehoolll'r"" 120 fi I•

•1 eh "",," . r 3 0 r I,

1 ' 1 1 , 1 ' "lAny ." ... 1 " . f l Ir-,p,.tlt.oU~ oft 'o~d:

, ~ ~ OO .l on r,..i.I!hl r,

TlII'C'O cos I

f),,_!)<.~:

One lLloO-lon In.JJlllln.

l '; I R b l C IO 1 0:< 1'i '.

OnclandlllR ('mil. l~ C'.Th_ d1oo,,... ..

NI"" mpnn..,I I , udoWIl_ '.

,.,.oI>aU", do e ,I,

I ( co...er,•, . 3OO·,on Cn'1 bu·t.

ecrion XXVI

LANDBSTI' OPER.A1 ' 10N

I. a~"tri1l. fly l ob er 190101 ,h er o \ \' r op er -ating bohlnd Jnpunese lin i n B u rm .. thOUS811ll~ o.lI gl'n ts,p lln tc hlu cd it\ l.o Jle UIY l(lnlIOQ' sod ill

1I\ lIIIy Il~ uP I I1 i l' tt ( u ll y by nir.

In II rllt Burntu, III 'nii«l 'tnl On HunurNIl ll ll i 1 I'i r. lt . D - ( c il ln nt f (h e om c of tnnC J;ic

r"ic 'llllnUed till nnll,)' o. ootw(l{'n 5,000 ""d

4S

00 0 K hin m ng en; w ho opl'r'llI«1 IIhn'y : ? I i to10. e ~ A f I "Cf'S God who ere1 00 m il 1 lh l'8 (1 of th • 'a llies

Ilft'clilcd l lid. 30 !X'n-~nt f u . . :o ~8Pt~nese l i : unorthinO:ict :d b,· ou r ground foretN tn. se Q d'

• . TI· parties wero n\ 10Buml8 cam plU g lI . I '''. ' hnipped. and 'uppliNi LilliTenth Air Force \1011

'Ii 1 " -1 inComlat i D on h und red . of ,J~p."ilpe<'1 Ie .- .. ' • .. .....uillyn upply nnd concen l rDl ion P?!llt. r,:'

tr aiu "" l n ir c re w . in night opcrn l lO lUl, P8~(l lmlf

III ng Ill! in to leeted .fOil lind conhnll?~ J• upp liod Ih J::llerill. W ith a r111 .Q, emmuniuon,

el th i1 \ l!. lind equipm elll. . . '. . .10 so uth B urm a an d Im a um la r Bnlll lh

Ol'glJniz:lItiOD Willi ~mployro, 811bou : 1 1 . tho ten! .

or o rg an iz a t ion of th nath' pepulation was not

. ~ ~ /i& 1 0 1 M a l l' f i G • tJ an d~ ~ill C lp.ralion,

16 D«. 1948-1J 11 1946 .

r , , , , . . Air E 'o ,, " MrlJI &moo, , :'t Ir t1pplird~.. ••••••.•••••AIU" 110""__•• •• ••• • .

fl. P IA lhl'JOl4:

o r .u ppllo:d_ •••• """ ......

10,800

1 .000

2, 10 0

1,000

12.0002.500

Section XXVll

"s fM ARY , A IR O PRRAT lO • I S DECBMBB.R

194~-1 J ! 1945

1. Ccnmd.-D. Tho Itil ti ginm in n U s s e e -Ii IIput&ill Gnly 10 til· period o f u u iR e d f li r controlin India·Duma-tllt lif pllJ) G r EflSlerll AirG mm lllld . T il if d o n ol olclud operatio.ns prior

or . um«{uNll to E ~ . Fo r th ligur

lio.n XXIX whi h p, . . . '1I l> I) oousolidali 11 o r(IIIHI\·Bunnll air ('fion for It. ('IIlire " '~t Hwss

I II I l~ hl w Grth w hjJ· to I ti t ic a Qy . pa ra t< ' IA IE 'p<,riod ~u tne· l a l> l i 1 1 m nI of tho

r c Rni7.o io n '" In j r v I U li an o, .) ' 1 4 '1 1 >O ( i 11

I n di o· B ll nn a o ff t' Tl sh , . \liB> ub!ltantinJh . oov 'r0dby til . I)(·riod . •

II. T h o >iCl! t ion fI 0 0 \ ' 1 . ' he \1. d 00 I t m o or I

pi ' m ( . . 1 w ith IIiI' op e liG I tit Y ali , t«l

c crlo ill p ec ilic tiJl'lller projl 'Cta. fIowowr, iL

mu: t b bon!' in m ind 'b81 th ir fTor t w

ac tull~y an Q vcNdi a ir cA mpa.ign, conlrolled ,

('oonhnlltoo aod balun ~l to . i I' Ri eL m a x im umpuni s hmmt Gil III enem y lind I tll m Lilli to

n !l ld e r J ll II xi m um 1 I <i \' ll tl tt lg e t o a l l A J lj a ri fo

46

T ho o\ ,er·an a ir e ll'ort m ay b broken d o1 l,'o,

Ih'o tv""'" G f G pM IltioJls, lI8ll1oly : . . .'0"-'· I· . f ' e po r . .tiG.Jl S . Join! Ol''1lrt>Und0PNvIIOIl_.-I) Gun cr~8lr or ,.,.. .

(2 ) ~18tiGJI o r th e b ll.U lo fi I d n nd SLI'9.I~~~~~~:ft~lo.n rl~Io"n: .

Gp('raNG lI. . RAP ' .t'l) Ai r trsl\llport oporallOl\~. _

(4) .Joint eir·g round op raHGns. Tot ..1 "'" 10;;,:il!l

(fj) " hG t.o '" "'p hic a m i lA G.tio al r O OIl.JlI l· • 011

e'- 'I: b om ' d m pl lM . I' IQ o ;( \ ball! tnk :. Z. ounttr air J()r~ o!«rotlon .-rl~ll)~yaUt A'...

c l a imli t l deAt roy( . '( l , reVJ wOO a nd aqll(lica l<IIJ RA ••••• • .EA 15Dee, 1943-1 JUIl 1045: _

Tal.'.... __ ,.

10.,231~.

U,.,\I\F••

U..ur . .~ :.::--::::::::~~::.::::::: : JOIIDcb &wlllllnll 011 "JIIllldod. d_ ' * 1 1 1",tilt ,

1 1 ' _ _ 11.22(;,';10

RAP •• _ __ 1 < 1 , (l73,711tabl~1

' l " OI .f t. I . . . . . . .. . . . . _ . .. _ .. . . . . . . • • . . . . . . . _ ~ _2 li.8 '99. ;

1ratlf:C 6. P I I r . J t O ( l f f l 1 ) h i arid tadica! .,(connai nu;-

.N'1,l pbologrophcd: B u rm a , T h ai le ud , I nd o- , hulU

Jor h of 16° •' . Lat.; W of t 3° E. I. .ong.;rt~ no,,-n: . 'lId ia , l\ I uua 1 .0 .Al'OSAlll .

n : ~ ~ : : : · ~ : : : ' : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : . : : 1umb e r of p ri nt s d e li v er ed t g ro und . a ir nlld

rGre per m onth n peak: 3Ij-j,O OO . .' · 011\1 3 .l 7. pc.ci /1cruuil o j air op ra t ion, 16 Dt«mb,

9 4 / J un e 1946 . . Air 'up riont,,) ' . \\'08 .•

To'" bomb, drop.,,,;!: . \bl is :hcd in May 19.14, pormitting \ .Hied {,'round.F ...•• - - ::ncl air G p rRtiO J 10 proceed w ithou t inl41rf TOlle

.R.\F "'" -.. DI th Japan air for ..

'foull .•.• _ # h. ' I'h ll J O l) I\ Il t! S O t ro o ps i n Bunua w r ~!OOIM~I.

i;~rgal)ized and decim ted ns R tilt of otr n tionBridg( dnt; 'royM .........• ~- ~ ~- •• - .~" f etober .1944.

MIIII" IlIld ••••. --.. c. Japall a d \ 'o n c es u_'lo lndin were lopp I1.oeoI'lI(l(I\· d ." .,toyed • . .••• .•• -- r th flnJt tim in the bilul of liI(lArokclll, whenRI\·'~rcr"hd< I~()\'(!d._ .. -- - I ven th Ind ia n D iv ' ion. oo d fost on a ir

'PIIu.. I P v l v .

< l. Ai r trallll 'por' oJHratirJ1l8, illelu . tling In JR I d. Th .JOI'~Jl (ldLlcnlpt c ou t, th supplyII" t 16D b 19lo I rUllt t9 t. tcm to' hml l Wtl d r tNI at lmphnl andm~ t (U 0 11 ! lPM ~1II r '1",- o: .... . .. . . I

' • . ,w ,;oh ilnn solly Ill! " uk of lUI' .upp Y . .r.1lI AF and RA 'ml1 I>orl rll 110 \111. . e, The W ing ot J> II .trt'llio.lt b 1 11 11 11Il'my liues,

• , . . I . I , · 1 1 1 1A~ nd ub nuen disorg(lTIizUlioll o f CIlOnlY troops,. . , r eom cal'Jlo. rOOI' CArner 11' 1( . v ...., . fair "'t It l h· r ir ". t o l Iud \\ 'l tlr ln Bunn .. .. . 1~. 0 IlO. ibl only through 81r movem III ~roops

n IH ' CJ l 0 d,.,h·..ti t o " ," I "il.l,ln n u n . s • •• ,j" ,t1 n ir upply .

-- - - J . lUw U ' J ' ( '( 8 p t U I V o f MyitK)'ino \1'8 lTrolcdTot I AAF and RAF , uppll' 1Irt;:f1 to IIIl.i (8lU'ough if u p p l y aDd mo, 'om()J1L lind \\. 1 1 1 \

wflh l" D vm lJl --. ploil( ltioll of o n a ir \ '1 lorr.

Tota l AAF a n o t RAP . 1101'i01l1II l I I (1ved t o l in d g. Tb lilw clJ ltoad \ \ ' ( 1 . .< 1 open II OJJ ~ . Joml l~I") '

withIn BlImr: .. .. .. _. 46 , during "'I nor lh . Ihtmlo f J)h'P8l

d

gn. \11'llich

118 nlinuolJS c}:ploit I i on o. I 0 II \ "n n ft gIS ; • _J b .4S!llnuu y 1\1f.. _

I..• h Jopones wa rn oNPflled from c nlml 'UldI lulhom BlrMlla ill (h G eampll iS ' l or Lh o Four-

1'01&1.

Air uprriorit.y O\'('t Bunna was

~r8y of 19"4.

3. 1 o la l io J l oj lilt b a m t ji tld and

O pu at io n. .-

c...UA1liI'llCV&CII4tcd,AAF nil RAF ..Arc !lump d II" r ' I c t < to Clrlll"._. __• " •••••ATC ID IrIl.lnd l d !>U ,'eJit'lt _ ..IT.....

1 0 B U t1 M li nd '!tina w rc c om .

Secrion XXVIU

R BD IlPL OY m NT A ND EV A.C lJA TIO J 1J. I!

1945-1 DE lBER 19 S

1. I nd ia · B u rm a th.r,u/.tr objter .-'\ ill! ihec aptu re of R aog oon ill ~la .)· 19-1 6, a nd th e d i se -

lu tlon of E t rn ir em m aud , th f I I w in

w ro the mnjor rc mn in il· , obj Ii G f rhe Indla-B u rm n t he at er :

a. ' 1 '0 c o n ti n ue lind expand to li t m 'imumIIiI' upply 10 h in a .

b. To continue opemt ion of If! • tilwell Road

a nd pipe lint ' to hinn Il m x i, mu m A pa <" it y.

c. n i-tllllt with l og i t ic o l l im i ta t io n s, 10 re -

d ploy both Illcli I a nd 'ra· 'porl jU u.' un i to

hi n 11 qu ick ly . ns pes ib l . .

d. ' fo eenunue es s lI!.i, ,! A U lid I'\'IC Ion:1\ lh'iiip ill India-Burma,

2. a n t"TOI . - ' l ' ho .AAr 'GOlbal units b d ill

Iadla-Bueme could not:. be logi ticslly upparl I

ill hina immcdial l ' l , ) ' follGwin£: the . 'IOry ill

Burma. OIl!('qU nil ,", th y w ro withdrewn t.oIndia where tbcy would Ilot 00 Ih'ing on 811'

stlpp l;' a nd w ere .(ood do w a (or t:reini~. Britilohcombat ull.ils l i k t' \ \ 'i t ;; ) eondueted "cry h U ie G lT en ·

.Iv o ir opera ion a ft I III pturc of l~ngoGu .

ensequ ·1111), . th eentribution of the 811'. fo~'in India·Burmo nc r IJun 1 945 la y m.a tnly III

a il' upp ly op!!ra tioD 1 0 h inD .. ~.

3. . '11 ' oprrotiOfl (0 1.illll. lion 4 , . . . 'U .

4. 17' j,jtra·h,dia opuulioll, •.-During !~

p nod 1 JUMI94S-1 D .. 1.9-:16,..T )ntrB..lndlo.n lro l'l lf l. n ti nl l« 1 t pro"ld ' nllal 7 . . on of

t 'Om .m u l li c ll li o n t n ul lp o r( l ion,and ,flt'r VJ-da'

1\ IIRll'll IbG Ja r~r", I I k of red J> IG ym oul of

47

, \ltIrri 11I1(Om, 0 1 1 \ ' t iOl lnl lilt!. I i. 011 this

m IT '\(,1'\' nO l > ' t 8\'lIiill.bl('ill tit, t ime o f I I l' CP "r o ·

t io n o r (hi- ...·portQ. Ii , . ''UpP/ylo Bu rma , Th~ r Jl p lu l'C o f Ron·

{ :OO1 l I ft (hr X' hines dh·j ion" in Bumm ,,'Alh'reel ( III ~h;lkvin l I .. al ~h io . T h

dlv i s ions \V{'"' 11 ' ' 'ril;' "tiJIlil ' jug 01 1 a ir upply

m el eontinu I u n ti l t h ., y"w 1 1 0 1 1 ' 1 1 te hina,

A J~ h ·fl in B urm a weN' rlplmnl$ of th e T rllil. A ir

Fo~ e , roa d a nd pipt'lin~ ~ n:onnrl. N A m is I·Ia ne eu s tro op s, n flu lld n'rl n nd } t'irs l D 1 '1 4C b·!T 1t'1 i1 . Ilir \\I lnling sl tiens, lind m i. 1 181 10 01 11 return nip of t 'o;nb tI l J l >O j"'l'8ft Hy i n g ill uppli omhllt ~rgo

- l id IltIOp Hm ," I ron ptlrl op (iorn 10a n d \ \; 11 1 .

ill Ru rma f or I lu :o pcriod 1 Jlln~HH ) Dec . J!H.5,l if le d ! I, OG Il tOtlS.

6, 1J,( ' 'OJ...e" 1II("'f:mnlt,-~Ion!m(,nI of th e~h~r!il'lll. TI. ir tY-IIigbth, lid F iftieth h ill

dl\ Io n fmc ntral Burm 10 hinn W • entitled

tlu- "0'>£" ,mo. mont . II "" eempl f r o een-

c urr en tly w Ith ollll'r commi tmen t by AT am im b a ~ Ct l J t ! 'O o r g q n i 1 : tions. It~ ti on II

Op,'I1IU II foUo\\':

1>101 : 1M. IIU' 19~U,CIN IIii'D••a.uet, rn,;m'C! I n n .•'~mt r ' " u - o o ; m,!>'rd • - 760~urn~r of park ..",DIal, (I~'''c lHMl i or -L' .,'I '\~JdoV ' a ir d , r . . ' P 'Ill I • -,: , ; ~ en {I O ~ rn 7. .. t ions WeI'(: l I1aiohun I

. our ( lr. la nd tine openl.l io 'tnt!'t ' < 0 0 o\'('r Tbail nd d . . T IS \ \ or

. _ -' . ~ Illl I'C<' n nR I S ln co \\ '8I 'Q D l tn u. .. .. . f lo lV " V r h - 0 . " 'ibl ' ,pcrn I on " w cro n ....1'

~ ( > . III th e 01' [ ' 0 , 1 1 1 1 flir frort llnu . I·I I C 1 1 l 1 y IIlInl.\7.(ld h ~ N l w i l h . ft no t I.I~.

. umrllh'71 oj air Qprt'atio1l! J 11 !Jt ,vmbr,. 19M - With t m ' " " lint J946-

". '. • IInaUon of l J 1 e r ip ar tl I pa llo n in h~tillti in B . .·01111

Ih e 'uited I.tell I " B u nn n M ( l Tha"andI I

' lit1ft. urm lh 'a l r L__ '

C Y II ( 'ommtlIl iCil ion~ 7..0 • '>waIll

Ii in tl... hina Ih l 'JJI( ' r n(lT~pjl()~mg IIcfh'i-cffort. \ Ill! d i l ' ( ' C l I . ' f 1 o\\'ard: I rnn.lor Ibcat('r10 hinn tali li(,81 IIICrrll l ing oil ' dPJjv tifo lloll : ' urnm ry o r . a i l" Oper a t ions

TOIIlIIOIl d,'ll, Crt!!! by f Il r 10 C J -Tal a) 10ro· r lt 'l l . .nod bv a( ._ B"r.a:, 1 1 , 1 Pl'rlud'

• r . ... IIrrna ••.

' ro if l ' IQ'IOBII d~h rod t. !Troop 00 D1 0 'hlllA_. J • r .- ••••. - _ , . .. . .,.~.

? 2 S . )0 . 0 0 : )-37,100

• 61,000

48

r , , , I tot oJ of tOil. "ir lifted ection XXXI,

f' r.o"n~l air uriC<! 10 'l,h'lI 1 6 1 -

l:rmllllll'J .ir lI£tw 10 I\lId ~1II1ill U"nn/~. = = = , ,( , ,, .I I l, ,, " ! lCU I I IN I I~ \ ' .fr 13J. L (I( lI6(al,-. hn . urn-

,-- ._- _ nl'" 'i7A 'd th on rot r ul t of. ir -I i n in I nd ia.~ 1 1\ 1JIC!"'OIH' I oi. tir(!'(1 J, c noa nd B urm a, '[ 'h i,. c lion prt 'S I'J lt.s n bri If military

' rOll l ! po e I ' evulnation of I he J3 \1 mlll 'll mpRigll lin d m pha -ptnlc O~QIl" ;' II, r ~"I}III." ill Burrnn !I~ Si1A:'S Ill(' ignpeet point i.ng' toward Ih tutu '.

• rnps - - ••• __ •••• _. •• • 40.\ 2.. b:ro/.wtiml oj (Itt e am pa i !1 1 11 l .- 'J 'h " n U nl l'

• A l l" C t lm l J (U"p tl 'O li (m (txcl lJditl9 IrtJfJ8pOrl): l-ampnib '1 1 m n.y Il(' dil ' id ( 'd into I wo I,:l'Iicrtll "lIle-

10 0. 1 rli n o w " ''',''ori ': (I) 'I'll wh i h were essentiul t o Ihe " ' 1 1 1 "'F <llll l - • _ ..... lOll bo,n droPI)('(1 'lll'" (lmJ soourilr of ; \ J \ ' i tk"UUI, All. I(2) III' 011>1 ~11~m) 01 fl' . I I' r 'r' '1': . dI' ITo tf l l . . f rern l• lroy tl1 1 w h ich d ,VIl O ]let 0 ter I' yl "),1118 nn cu minut c

.,r c i S ) d "troyf'd I. I f I'Tot..1rhl) II ....- .-.... m I "ptUI'() 0 _,Rngooll ,Pon.v v r.:w .~~fbor e r . . " unk, - •• -_ ,'ho-.,; CIlI1l I)niml lo lling in til Ii L c a l . .. .. . l '. : \'

. , tn "Oh.... nnd l\ ' 'or! •~ ,,- , , '.. -'TOtllllQco'llOth, ".Ira , I r"8,\ ~m It _.. Icudin. up to the npture of MYllkY'IU1, 't'l'U, PI • lib" ye; • •••• _..

riv ed from th o l\ , 'o]ulion in DUMns . . \i r p ow l !r

w a f in a ll y e rl ll > 1y If uuder a unif d t~ l...g itlcom mand . A ir POIVt'l' cmergl . ,<1 ecequa l \\ 'Ith th o

g ro um l a rm in lit rur-grouud I m .Tadirol/!/. u ud p rin cip le \ Iw e 8 1 der ived ,

to th e mutual bi-II(1fil of boll. th e nir m nl gronndm po nc nts. T ho ~ rm ul in velv ed th e ('Steufu!lt·

m em of a ir ~upt'rioril~" tllo u of Il l imeion! ai rf or e( l ( Il('ulmlir. th e obj~lin'. t he i mm ed ia te

n ntra li II Ih rrellfl r o f xplo iting (O ff' bv! li r , Dn l l the su equent a ir susteuane I 'IlId \ 'nclln~

till of rIll' espl it itlf; (or '. I{ 'h l' ir a rm lea rned

1 0 r ~" I: O gI li 1A ' ll O l im e " ,' .b 1 'l l it b c ame more oee-

n ru i I t o e en t inu III>J>limtiono f f o rc b ~' u no e

m till>', and th g round ann learned 10 ul ilizo tholie '!lirbonl~ an d air-supplif , ' (1 R :dbilily,

t l 'Oic!1 irol ly. -Th e.. , only did h ( '' 'o lu l io ll o r) ,proces • r n l l _ ho rt -l K'l Ir iu g i ll m ind lha l, tho

I I l t ima , · obj~ th'c o f o irp ow u i to lore the

c apitulntiou o r o n e ne m y n nt io n b~' ai r action

appJiN i d ill'euy og a in. ~ I II v ita l po i 11 I of ilni l i01)81, tr u lu re,

-I, igllpt)$h.-Plonncnl of Iutur mililoF\' strat-

tg). may ther th indication, from the'Burmacampl l i

50

a. I n ( 'o nt 1l c~ wilh II pow rfu] Od\'N~

p wer mill' be fatally dis ipnl d in the r lap, ne e A i l' cr nf l C J :l im e d D e froycd By B 1Cffl Air Command, 1!)" ' f .1!)4!S

oM of u~oo Mmp~~l which~~25~-------------------------- ~

lim it d objcel-iv . O Il.!k1 (IUntly I lh . III

o f f ut u re \\'81 mus t b oriolll('d toward lIit

so orglmizcc l a nd applied fhlit I I I w a r p o !of lUI II(I\-enmry be om ~ iI primary l.ntg

fllllll'(' lIlilitolj' J l ol i !! ) ,. g o red to obso lCkont

011 (IIld Il urfac tl'i1{t'£.·y will cOIllProl l1i . ..

nlliionol ccurity. 1001-----

h. Land or . It lin s of cOI I l.mun i ' 81~Q I Ito

I lr ed S . . I h ou f! b U lO f{ 'c c ol iom i .C I lI u n de r r n O ' 1lInllllifi '!I, Ill '() no t utilI} t o m i li la l '\ '

tiens, R Ollg h lind un d "c IOI ' -< 1 terraiu ~r

Anti ('ffiel lie ill th e futuro rna • di huo ('.

u l il i~ at io ll o f a ir 1.0 . 1 1 " 01 ' C ' m n v be lilt

upplied,And U tain d by H ir 8Ilv'whcl'4l' 751-----world . .

c. Th e 0 rcupetion o t Uu n go o Jt . . aftor th e J

n eVil ustien, supplcm fits th e xpcrience]

Pllcifi· ond dCl'1lonstrllt !I HlAt victory 1011

achi v d h rough a ir power \\'ithOt~t .

8 null andiuveslon.

117

25

501-----

o

J F A M J J A s o N

1944 1945

NIL

M

51



,,,I,I

,,II,

It,.

9

G

C MU NC o - "-INa

52

SAY

OF '

BE GAL

oA . O A A N ~ 'ISLANDS ;._

. ._T &AI

(; \

T....

6

InI-lMU.sor

KQI\

UICO~.MtISLANDS

".~

.51 JllUIt I

J AP AN e S[ L IN ES !fC O M M U N I C A T I O N

LEA DI G TO S UR MA

1944 - 5 -

M E.

. . . .,,I 8

. '

IND IA

J

I, . . . , . . . . .'1

..I,I

l ~ L - - - - - - - ~ ~ ~ ; L · - - - ~ _ ! ~ ~ ~ , t

•'#"- •.) •PA ET ;.

'.\

V)

\("

iI

The Rcconquesr of BUl' "ma

A pp en dix D

BA IS O F C LA I f A IR O P B RA T I O N S

1. C . 1'I(l11/.-AU dim. of I'l\iull' of "ir n ti nIlro btl I on official \\'8r D epa ru nem end Brili:1i1

A ir : -' Ii ni .l r: o' r ec o rd s. D1Hli Will> nee . rit}' liS·. e m b le d from m llh i ud (. 1I~ du e to til

mllr~yoW a nd R \ F c om m an d: Q l> I? rn tin g w i th in

!l1C' lndi·BllnJlo theater.

2.li~ft ilt Tt)!Jfd.- IR im a re based n

rand "1 . as, rorih in th o f o ll ow in g do c u ll l en t :

leo""

H~;.\DQ.\RTEU' ,\R)I¥ AIR FOIl esIN1l I.\ .1 ! .R \1. \ gCTOI l

A~I Twa,. "

•\. 1'. .

I N oV <' m l) (! f 1 0 43AU' tIBS) 1;'2.1

bJ«t: Cd; WilA Nt prd fo lh "'(1'011 of K"r",v' ' ' ' '( 'Mll

To:

3 . A ir u pp i_Y and m o,; m ne o j ~P".-Ilt: c.... I ';" 't r n ,\ .ir · ommll nd .

1 1 , 1 flgures IS I'~Q form. 3'~..SununQ~ 'EA.F•. .• " ' I I . ~ ' "t.n jr Poree .

p J l e c l hy t ho , ," nG l ls . I lt fl tl f 1 C f l J c o n l r O l :0. C.~"cml O I t J l < " " ,m ents and III A ir T ron porL do '1"1'. Jod i ,\ r 'r" k ~·O"",.

J• . I tnrnlln.t BS. ... Illdlr' lIn"". . tor,

U ( In ! )l 'O P ll l' ll ig I I. rvport . . OF. 11, ,111' , hlnR F~rr • COm11lll l l t l .

4. Bridge dufrucllOn.-Ilnclg d huei' (A,\ !lC.. Kamchl Am~ncl\IJ /\1. BII.'C' 'vm1l'&llIL

ll~ ba s I o n p ho to gr np bic o nf ir lll nl" ~CAD.. ~~IIrt\ICI:1 '\(i~) , " Area.

II~' mon t of d Onlog a rlor tit rnissi: ~~Orl Uri .. m lilt A... omm!\Rd.

!~I' (. . . . On. SO •••.• P"lllI" nell)lIo,,~ Otll~.,

11 · 1 iS . on o on I 10 m r oree I v 1 in the i!li~1 Ui.. ItM. Hcll<! lol l .

soot! I I>! . te., . 1k,lsIIat ... b 1 o ll .A !l I r, EtC'.

(1. IM om oli ',- laim on ioc om oliv . II ;() ..... ; pe e a1 n:I", ••a d justed by th e Boord 0 .rd I . !I{ '\G...n,o , \<llul•."( (;~'lCrfLi.

.' • J,\ 0 S $I10W~ .rIP 'I'rDn 11lt1!. orry 'oml1lAIl ,I.

thon ,;00 su r ful o t t 4 1 ks hod b n l I 1 ad e , ~ 1'..... "nil d lal(' t 1 I 1 Y For ..

th 10(81 number of Jocomoth·c. in J3Utm .\'1).... War DcIIAf1.I~IIl.

c . ' (c ( 'e (fnd 200: Duplication lIudollbt-ed ly 2. a n«1a l OrdtrW:

du to replur of drutlllg d ong iu . TIle tlq ,\TI' Jill) 12. M•• 43

'01 led!)y el l Board \\lOS II number (O U U'I Wh ;\11 10 ~I" r ~3 161>1>""3

o f ee mm isslen in BUI"II1I), du e to o ir n ol io n l Iel 1.\'1"1-' 3 Oc t 12-10 Oct ~3rt. A m . r eo ec u pi tl d t .h e Ol}lltl"\'. • Jfq 10th i\ .:; IIay.f2 1:1.D ee 013

6 R '_"O '6 P MI 1 '1 >0 11ri..l 12 F j!b ,12. ttyr croft.-Eo tern ,,\ 'ir nnnnnnd 6d ,0 .0 Uq " ' " F 'BI 10 :\llIr ., 3

c sle d g am e bo g !lln( -i tic s w er u.scd . .7. P~r.0',". l I :i ll d.-Du to Lhe;ttngle 3. p c i al O r d e r. :

~r . 11 1 . te rra in no o\TcNIIi c l a im o n C :I b 't l • Hq 100h ,\P r . ~ ' r i2-16 n e " 13n I d 'I 0'07 II,,' ~'- 'Ill. 10 , \ 1 ' 1 1 . ~2

~n 1 0 e. O n, 10 ell rny troop ore m a d e. II ' J : > ' Jmy 10 I.t 0"11 Jo W. tlll,'.II. 2 F b 121 ~ I P O S S l b l to as tIlisligu.l' . e ns l id o tt .! Rd' .~al ro po r~ f ro m 0. Il,g nl . opornling L('hi~ , (I IOgram • ,

lin ored lt 'f n til A ir :!i'or~ llght I with \clulla (llr..:rtIOIl) 10 .\0 \\ An (,\ rnald)..... 13, \ [ar d]0000J4. 00' q 10th M(Ur1lnll.OlI) 10.\ \\',\It ....... 1 Mo.) ' ~213 ' p ,c.onnt ,on tit rr s tor {I h ('HII 100hAI- ' (nr('r~lolI) 10 \ , \\ '. \1 1 ( rllold). I! )Io.r 42o e d on 1111. figu , 0 r.olISCr\ 'oli. \TQ (!:!IIit l ln~OOIl(It"'!!) to Wa r (,\mold).. • 21 [)CC I

would e re dl n ir .. eo m b nt II lioll with 111 d "'luiln (~ idl ''' ) to C1uml lkLnM ('hI'IIlIaull).. 0 Pd! ~2

tien or nt. I lISt )00 0 0 - Ja pn n I . Bu 1II1l..~1 (,111",.11)10 A'IUU. (U i,., Ill ...... ~ CI II!J . C l . ' 1 e roop. III \\'D713 <lal<-<I.. . ••• .. •• I':; 1" ~2

D o; 1)1 t!$IOn..- h e H I .A ir P ow er .: "'Iq J.:t\', "C~1 I II: Q2 8 1<) $ubordhUlUl

re i hIlS Carefully sc r 1lC<! f i n d 1'8 h i l i te d U IIIl" •• , • .. _. I tl ) ) t o e 43

I' d awulllblo and bus o ns i ( (l nt h- 'al w n (0 "0 ) "21 .;0" 2- O el 4,.

COil: r\ 'o liv lund w i th re pc c t to clninlli fo : 5, Lell re:1101l0u.

1)

Appendix E

BIBLJ GRAPHY

L . Ibbraoiatio.M U,ftd ill bibli{JfJTaJlhy:AAAB"AF '" ~l A o ~r le "' h i \l r 1 3 11 .' <)ommand .. \ B C F C " · lmr . \i r F o l' C oe o.

AF -,am ·B urur • h innc F rry C om m and .AO "'" • A Ir Fo l"O ( '.

.\ F: A!"TIlYC~lI"d For~ •

ATC Ir, t\'ICC) 'olfllnRnd.

CA'1'p····· . \ 1 . '1 rall'port. ConunllJld.CBIT •••• ClUnn Ir l' -I e For~,

G •••• hlnIl-Sllnn •• l11dill !J.'heatAlr,

CO'" ".. . mlll.r,dlng COli ",J.

DC··'···· COmmlUldllll{OfflCUT,

....... 0 lrfet of Columbia.

Brig. II. ,l~. m 11 , 11'1 loth ; \ F , 0 Ihl. 21 ! Au g

12. n: I 1" '. To, BriR. G o. F.. I•. : - : - . 1 , 1 1 ' . , ..MAI. (:~It. C' . I,. BI~l1, Hq 10~" AV . ~I"I, 2 ~IILY~3.

II , A'L~W riO 1.1.1 ofQUIl;I\I!I""' To: llri~. O~n.l'ft1....,~II.)1.,. ,~II. '. I,. HI " " I I . 111) 101h AF . 11<-11rl.12 Jl11l ~3.

R : .\A II '. 1'<1: Brig..0 11 . • " . lI.y, ., O-,\; \AB •

)ll\j. Gen. :. I •. !II . , .11 ,U(I 10 lh ~'. D,·IM 30 JUI! IS.

H : KAAll • To Co l B t l } ' C I . r l l: , O , KAj\IJC.M aj. G I I. } •• II . ~t , tOU. I I!] 1 0lh ,U ', 1 lc -lh I, 1 3 '\1"

42. R(l : Informa t! , ,~ lt cd . To: • .\P('01 1). I.,. JllIIl1Jy. 11[1'\ ',P$ll~n.on ~tiol",21 ,\l.IgI3.

n : It l,on on .\ C' .\clh'1Il 10Cll'!. T€I' t:-. \ ('

Jlrllt II. B. I .. N 1<1", 11'110lhAF, 0 Ihl. 16 '\1" -I;l.

To: P. ,16<lhlll. &q.," Pr ., I,UI .\(ft~ri II .\1." \.-

II,ig C:~II.it I•• Nlltd.on, 11'1 1 . 0 1 1 1 .H1, Delhi. (I J"I~ I:'.It : COli 1I11IIIioll of T-J lind AIlCFC. To: ('0'

T If'C' I\lId ,\BCJlC.

' " j . " " . . . . ust rnty~r. IIq A .'-WO, 22 Ju""13. To: '1111 G rL '. [" Hi . U.1.1.(;~n. J. W.• I ' l l . . , I I. n'l uy~ l: .U·, ! .IuRkln!!.

Jun .,3 n~:.\ . OJ. To: (;' 10lh lid Hilt A

tlq 101.1,,\F D.1b. I ".}' II! R: Du...."d ....dC'(lI,t roi I(A IlA. To: B ~ G n. . \I. nrad)'

I lq lOr n AI' ! >tl.... JII ..... 12, II,,: Nt • To: ( '€II .

. \ '. 1 1 .)1 " .tIq 10Ib )0 ' Dtlhl. 22 JUII\' 12. It: In.lrtWio_.

To: I.t. '01. ·r. , \1. JO"UII, 0.\ IJ('P .

litl 10th . \ Dclhl. 2.j JU'II. ' ~2. R: Alf FOfO(' ('orn-

bat IX''''I o '~ I I> 11111 ..To : Brj .G tn. '.1_ Ilf'nnaull.

Hq 10lh .', [)(-Ih. I JII" 13. To: G' , •• ,,1. ,u' cnrr,'I' C. WO, 0 ' •. I! )1.. 12. 11,,: ~Io\ OINU Ordffoo.

• h pf1"'''~ . To: <''4mm.and Troop e, Iudlll.- r . \ , WD, 0 , 3 Mar 12. It; ~rO\' lilt-'ll rei . . . . . .

• , tr .n em S O O O . To: h l lof .I\f N<I.

'rAG. WD, DC, 10 June 42. ne: ",","I .1Ij1pl'l'

I 'o ll ci . " "" prG«!durt o- . To: O. A f'• .\<\F. f:tc•Ar. \\'0, 0 " 31 O c~ ~2. n,,: on IIlulio" ,\CU\3--

tloll ~nd lltA'.1 umenr or ~rlaJ" ...n)' ,\1. ;0.«' I,;lIi",.

'ro: G 'I' •

I. T. '. TinIloI'lllllP , Xo n adin • 1 ~ P 1 To:

Bn, n,C. I •. 8 • • ~1.

n~; IIq '''Po Delhi. -' No" ~3. nt': ~1nploym~1aof'Iii",. To: .\.\1' I ~ I I Jnd . Hq- .\A I • I ..

No\·<l3.

~IIII. RId!<. tail."'" iOn,n q. ,\ T . ~ .... l,!p Ion,

., D ee ·15. Ile:,\ir Tonn"(lb Life b}' I B AT !Jlor:I D<!i : 1942. To: Mal n. . B. . to"" III.nri Gen. W. D. ld, • Troop nit'. C'olUlUl!.nd,

21 M as 4~. R~ : I ~· ·! n o ( P ( . .. .. I11.d II.Lld Equlprnt'TIt,.

,\1)'(1;1".... 1'0: Mll. (~11. c. I';. "alt'fl'l"y r.

6. M moranda :

awOl) , \-1, . Ih l lOll, .\., 10 All ·13 Re: hid of Sl&l'l

~I IJn~. To: Com. kIM, 01 . • • tofJI. No II ad"'II. JIlfi 12. II:

Emplo'm('llt of Avilliol\ ill FlU I':"'~Til Thenl r. To:hid, .\nlml,(ft.

nfl· .• en, • V. It.YIl . IIq IATF, F b ~3. T<I:

Lt ('II. tl.U. Aroold.Bri~ Grn. r•. '. ~ und • 1111 F. \\'0, D • II ;\[.Y

43. I t " , .\S(' A ISli~ Tile rer, To: I.! ( ;<":1 ' . J. W

iii \ II.

M"j. W. t.:rllU:h. I ~Ia,· -12. To, 10lh

7. Of fi c ia l D ' potch. t am I R<por l :

1': \'1I1l ll ldon l loru-d .H·- nt . It 110 . I ·9.

lie; IIIII.U "II 'pon 011HI"~ ell \I ." ·1u142-21()ot H. lilT Ull lmlr ) of ~lIllon.,. ,\p. 12 ", H

(,~tal tl~ On"~)

Sir nldl1Ud t' l~, "l pel h ".\;r >t 'I1It iOAA I JIUI-

30 JUII 13."'Ir II lchar<1 1"~lNl. "l)e"p~lcbl)n .\ir 01l{"lI:l0"" 21 Jlln-

I " Nov. 13."A\')( n. F. I~" ". II." ' ' ' ' ' - p tch I J",,·ZI! <lola)' 42"I,t ('01. P<llInd, II 1 > < 1 " 0" A,\P ·nll. ' BIT Frb 42- IIWS

G~llcrai J, W . ! :1 1 In :~ lI , l le ll O rt on Opo c- raUo ru . 'CD IT

Hl~2-IIU,1 ( itl>hlL>t' nl~')

IA Gt'JI.C. R. SlnU~mf) rr. R~pon on Op"l'lIllolI"

Ei\C IS Dt'c 'lI~Hli~I",~~ ..C:\'I ~;r I \dll l l 'f trk. [k,p. ll th 011 AI,Oj>r .. iloru,

AQ-SE.\ I Jun ~ I 10 0 0 0 u l' .\ II O D , ,' 1 1 I" lg O CKl .",-eM '.i.a. E.C . P c l . . . . . . . 1)c.p!llcb M A , . (),...MII(fll,-,

.\ '1';.\ 10 Xo, ' 13 31 . \' Iay H.'\~I W. \ Co~ton. l)e,..1""ld, 011 Opl"Mllon. aril

TUlleal' .\11 .'Om" I Jill ~~'I I Ike~I.- e d t. F. w. J. ~Id!~. ~Ich on Opc- .Mio""

S.nl'IC •, I) . ..iFeree. I Ju,,~H 10 26 N 'ev 14.

j \lC'dr. P. W. J. ,\Idk",h. ~Ich on O~mliol~'uslflti. ;>,g rOl fe . : 27 )\0\' ....-31 M"~'4ti.

\')1 thC' fArlof Hnndon. l lC>l ]l di ,c ,h .. " . ' i .Or,mlilol.~In.Gro,uP. 15 0.:-1~I-'& )'1..), ,I';.J\ VM .s . F. \·ID~nl. 1N<\p~td l OilAI. OpMtl ion .c , f ,22, l ,

G "' U, II , I .\u,,: 41>·31 ~h,,.,h IS,.

AYM S. F""<I«nl. ~kb on '\'Ir Opcral,loru. '2"21Croup, 1M". U I Jill), n.

I,;S. U I' Opera lIOn, ,\,,* II 1.10.) O r Ope, 1 1 1 1 < 1 "Anal...... III Indis-nu,ul!\ dl<1t ~ ~ Ie"i be t l~~.

l;S,\.\F Opcral tDll ' . \U I I. l. .. . • Il('v,[(oov, 0 ' {)pn$1!<nl ..<.

~"'~t Ai. rOIC'(' (1m. 1'~ t3-~r.., ·Ii.("omhihnl C"bld ' . of Stall. mf~lvG: i 10 .up,.,,,,,~ .\UJ<.d

( omnunde l . SJ-:.A.inltd 3 JUI>C :Ii",,,I 18~llL It.

. J~.\Pm'10r!tat s..-ctlon. Prl1limlMry IILdonwl n"IKtd.xx . \11" F",.... .

l CW -. \T C • • S to !') " of ,pr';nj( D;',~n<$ollll, Feb ,0 , Juno191 .1 .

WtoeU} Inl('Jl lJt~l'(O' umll\6r1t><, 11)13..U~I;,; ]'Otb hir

F~CI!!; t."tm1, ;\lr ComtnQ.nd, SEA(': AlrC:UmlJ~'ndSF.\C. .

Jolrn PlaalWl <'"olJlmiltt>f'. n,-polt, "lmoltdlAte, lOIn.., 10 0,1,.,.,," 10, J : t . D ~2.

Troop C'lII1"II!r c om mM Jd K .\ C "I ISur".,-, April R • ,. ·.'(>OI,ly lrn~lI~p~

. • 1Ji la lJD"w.u DOcI I r I lMI , :

NOI 011G~ SN'n1lon'.eoor '.'10lh AF.C.· frtllOO.Jun~ 42, I(,q

No~:l, : n ; c : II. C. ~Chrmu''''11 CAppartblb'),'CATP. ~ tob ~3. fie. i'l8.n" for~mJlIo)rmClliol

~i".y nq PEAf' . Omp CG. D ee 41-2~ f'eb 421 ' , 1 1 1 : of lJ'nt~ Comr r<and l : . . I O U . \F 0 ."

Hq 10th AF 12 Ftb 13. ' . • rga.llu.llon 0..)'.

56

!l:h!.ll'mc"~,. 01. R Ol")olllll'lI, , \-a. H'I IOlb()el1,2. noJ; Informalloll oil TlIcll~zll nil IO lb 1

InlQrllll IIl'!1l'ilnlhand 1l1t....lis1cnco &n', ier- . I~Q r 8 1. ,1 .; 0, I t I i\, 12 7 r.3.1m en K f I ! Islhmll~, U(dlwlI,,)"S, 1 I)ee 'I.

11. )ll1It'lll"),Ob:lel'\'~r G r ol l( ) . • N~,"' ~U'L c, .d t wt lO I )I ll C n t, a n d O jJ er ll Un l! ' I )r o( . ..' d un .. o f A ir

1 ' , ; "3OOll f ]OI1") r em , ~lCAC (ronl" 11H8-1114'G.

Jo'i,,~ CI,;er~ of S~&If. lIloll1o 1 3 a r . , 2 '1 Oc L n.JQln! Chlef8 of ,SIfT. , ; ' 1 1 1 . ( 1 ) 1 < 1 J '653. Air D...

SoUi l IM" A l oi a C o n ll mm d .

PIiO-IOlh AII' FOM()" "Air J~!lUlo 1)\ICr Uurm,a.

9. Q . f f i c i u l l I i i $ , o n . ' t J ; (Md l!tmaullt: m lI(~:

Part Two

AIR. OPBRATIO S IN can A

Section Ifiq It~ V At'-CIH., ' ' ' 1 1 1 1 < 1 0 . ) ' Clt!",~.llu'-'l

nl('lIlu. '21 :o .11I~'2~26 00 1 .j~." GENmlALII q 1~'lh '\F. "UI~I,oryj,\rMlfoa,1I \ 'oh .ml<!et Gr • ' .,. , ,' . • [),'1 1( 1 K A A UC , " UM ory 01 KaMch; Amoriel!.l1J I.ObJrd t~ .- ' Iho objcch\'c:! of J art Two 0'

Co!1HIll'md, Jru.-J:UIl 19'43," hi.; :roporl o.ro nll .folloy : .pua , IIq :S A C, "Th o:-Camplll niu Non""'", 11.To p r . . 1 ! I C I l t . . I' (oclllal rellOrt. cmreringnir

IU"I COIUl1rUel~11 or t ll (" l .c d o Rosd." 18 JDIl 4$. . I J ! flmt i 'o I iS in Oll ir ll ! ~lur .i l lg:World ' 'i~r II. .

10 I· · .... . b. To rmn l) ': r. e th o r ults 0,£til. 0, IIlr oJ!flllluon;s.

, '• . 1 ~,. .,Of,C(!. • I 11 ·1 " I" ,C '. ' l 'opolllt 0111, tiC OVOI"3' (l(I!!trl!Ju IOns 0 11111'

~Olh AFu.Ii:.li~41 n vII,",. O ct oj6 I I :nd Fin! !, ! SIIWOOW(lr 10 tho defea ~of (h e eDam,)' end 1. 0 thueou-of .10lh 01011"Ol '«! Opcl"llfl..,n~ inuin . . .. int.crcsts o r tho Unit,edtlltc:! GM'~l1PI1ClltlOti , 8ta 1 1s( la t:I C on t'ro l " I t • - !>

111;1Coll trol ~ti"'ll. Hq I D -.\T C. "1'r8!-'l 11m B . . ... . • ....lCD-AT • I lUll H~O JUIl ",S.U (}. T o I '1 lO Ord tll0 seund toollool und slmlcgto

, 1 8~ C on .'w l' ~lioD. Hi l lCD-ATe. "1 I~nccptio!lS wbieb ilnl~ed. . . " .J)lv!i!llIll·ofATC-II>! !lump Ilecord." I D~' ~6.~. 'To observe lrIDld~llml Ig!lposls pomlll.slo,..r CoIl!.!I1Md, $Qulh·Ran A.,fo,l!Il111l!ll)' Q I. Ih o lutur •

OJ>c?:IIOll l l ,d·Nr'OH. .. 2. G('II~ral.-a.ThCl only A . :n lo ri c un l In I ts oo~ -

J ICI)-Arrc.Fo~~t of ,\lIot,a!iiollg and oJ!<'l'$lilLOliUcd to oombfl( in Ih o Chin il t hc ar erw er o f ur1111 ~:;-30 JUI! ·IG. _ ., .' .Ib h i e se g -ro lilld. ~"d. IstistiClll Conlrot nIt, IIq "A~~IIlT. ,,\ror~ Ol\"Jln!~.a~IOIlS._ meo.' O.I~ . ' . .•

Boo t of Op<'l'tIllons of AAF In lnelia. IJllrmll.,.n",1 rnnes W ()n.'.U 1w publc of efiootl\~ . orgnm mdTh~"'t~~. IOoH." _istrulcol!.~'i!mjt t h e J nl > (! .I lC l lO1J,~cs, . tb o ,'~'Or

2'21111se' Hq, AJ,\F-In'.r, MOH~hb ' h,tkillc.1 ' 'dovloped .('SSCllliBlly ml.a (In opornhon III wInc.htrot Oll( ' rQUo:, , "dSutrmwtcoo. Ja il ID U tj,reu gh M ar "lIll \mcricBll A ir Foreo .il"ljl.lc-Juilldedly (ought rh aC o ve r . .U i\IU' " 'II" [' 'fiT .;/" '." .t -I J ,.t ~""'V

• .'~ ~ " , . • .. Jftll)1l11CS6 If 1< OI"COallu I. Ie 0]lallcgroUJl\l~n .......

"m~~'~FOU-U'I" AAF-lBT. Ordl!r of Bllilk>. IfS.\U the termini' ltion of 110 l ililies, tbo JO]l:!llIlCS'l, . unit.! 30 OeLH to 10 Jub' .,G. ..' _ ' :" , .. 1 .( ed-blltthc .Jopruu.'soIIq80U, Flgl,l(!rCro'I!). ,\nQual SI...llietd nrp.Pur Poroo ha d .becn. u oot... _ .' ." , . .

.&,:pt 43-7 Sopt . H. Ann~ ' Wll~ sti ll III C hm o. Th IS fueL ll\ll.y Icnd to B

d l l ; ; i . rous > l n d f a ll a c io u s ~ n c lu s i~ n , if TIO~ac-curnIcl)' I Pllin&IAlkingly, and UIlpart lOlIyrU1Rly1Ad.

b. Th o !TUG l( l!l8()n wbich elln I~ k?rn~ '-:omth o C lll llI ){ l.ig n is 0 f'( Iitc m ti ol l o f u b r u H C pruUl11)ki

of w tl'r- -lh o np plle ntio n of su ffic .i.on l j&ff4J to

p.cconw1l>lh 1110 . Losk. . '.' ..c. 'rho fOUO\ \T il )! ; sco tlOtul WI: II s ho w !. hl lt. , mr

aollon nlono l)f'(INentou th o lRPWlC!\O IInl l les '~ lII

o cc up yin g n U or hiM, byilll!)lY .comp{nll ld~

thoir log,istiCl!I diffi.;ouHiC:!l, n.nd Will furthill' 81;10\\.

rllld uf f inn by .Jnpllll(l6O 1(tl~l1UOlly--thntlho) c-nllfO

J" ' ~I 'I ' -" 'o·r' ' u ' Ol l ' u' l l \I~ ·011 Ih e \'(.lI'l"O, 1 11 ) 1 l nc&l , nlll_IlIl' !ill', e ~ . _ ",_ • .,

f· 1 · 1· . , d:'IO . 1 . 0 - o.ir ac t ion wll0n th e w llr cnded .o co "f»IlJ" , ,

ThJ8pllll~ ground anny in h iM would 11Iwb'-'N1 eompltd.v tll>fculcd by the opp lkaL io ll 0 .1

1 1 i 1 lI 1.l ll lse d a ir po w e Iltld (IlllJl~more JOI(I,/fl)'n

Ihr (Ii,. ken applWJ. Air (orell Ihen, io this sense,is. no tli1Torent ( ro m 1 If 11 0 lh c r lypo o f m i ij lO . l" Y

jo,u. T ho I Cl 'S O Ii is IlIi1 ( h il t n ir ~ w er ~ 'm o lddealn ground ormy -out tluII s.uffielcllt alr joraw as not IIpplilld (ocompl.;ote tb e jol. ill .hinn

before Ih o eud o ·{ l it e w a r.d. Tho ( ol low in g !1.('¢tioll~ deaiprill' : : i l)nll" \Vitll

w h l l t . .U X I ' 8 d one by th o F ourteen th A ir Forco with

l il ol og i st .i c ai l! l: !p p or l w h ic h tro prov id ed . I t willb e w e ll to bea r i n m i nd , I lowovoT. lha~ lbe sealeof the c JTort WRS shl; lrp\y limited by logi>!tieal

!Upporhlmd it m ig h t be well , IJero, to c\·.l1Iuat.c(uc5upporl t .he ni r force receiv« l i.n .l?nn . of ~honum ber of AlIlcrie.o.n infnntry (h\'l.~1011 wllleh

could 111 ) \ ' , been 5uppon~1 thereen.

If we II s um c tll'l.tllll . \mc.rieo.tlinfll.nlty divisionwill- fCquire!!." B\'(lrDg o f 2 00 10(19 p er d ll J' dur ingtI w m pll ig n- o\ re t" tl pe rio d. o ( L im o -t he fo ll ow in g

C O r u l > l l r t 1 l O n s mull,:

lif th o dh'i!<lolll! were no~ In Ih e KunmLng IH'Clli.

bUl 1\'CI\l s]lre8dlll"OUud t ho ft on t, in OOll.h\Ct. withtbe c nem y d ilride> Ih e num ber \I:h ich oou}(l be

·u]ll)l)l'l<'{i il Y 2 t. , 3-as oD~hal! to t\\ '0 .11UM ..of

lbll ~upplio luid down I\t KUrull!1!4twould be c J i s . . .

sipnloo -in s :eUingthe NmAinder (orword .,....:........b,_..,,_ ....Ok....t.. " "" 'N D • •"p""~r.-.....I . I J ! , _ . . ,

.... _. _•••• _. .1 10 .!!i

• •• _ •••••••••• ••••.••• 6ll to • 9

••••••• _ •••••• •••• 1.3;'> lo 2,,02

11 I-t3 ••••• _ ••

IIH'I . .. .. .

)1 115 . _ _ •••• - •••

S8

( ' 11m ps i gn l\,[)'i~"yjlllll'o, } .£a l ld r• I '1 ' ,0 "1

ItlL Ol'lllllIIg I 1(' , h \\' ,011 I: {ond III IIrnoo to hilla. 11 ~ 11)Bl ll lSC WJ\ I' d1'or~ ,md.J8})[LUl'!Ill oVH·n l l 1I'l t l(!{O'

(" ) 'f'l e Four( '" "I \ . • tlu~w three innjor W~)'Il:~ , _ I' _ I '~YII.I . J r m - V ('iii .

nim cd A I lilo rop lnl'C of R ln~ , J ~ i - I (I ) Th"",ronrh"cuth }ur Jroroc o lH ciu l

( 3) T Il( ! J,iflc Nlu lh o rf) 0 : :;. 1 l) ( .~ rd 9, . ' IRim 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 1 ' 1 1 1 , 1 blk~d oi£(1! ' fDfi fr(l l ll :

"1"" I . ., ' I I, ' t ' · " f •• P D . , ,hllm -"fmk o l ,mo~t " 1 , 000 , 00 .0 Ion. of ,IUIlII.!!! "I, ,, _ ' 1 0 m . . ,I (81) u,ro 0nlll ' I ' ' . e , 1"-- .. - n, lIuppmg P'l.:~llIg th o W!lt"tlVoy~ 1.0 a nd from

9 . T I 'l c :: m CQmpa i! ,' 'l 1S f or t .l lr rn il l I I' OW $U ~ Frill l 'h I nd o- lina, tho Du tch E_ t. ImIiQS ,

bll;llllIo..r cost 1110rollowing' HiI ' dfforl : ;"1:11111"11, iam , m nl B unnu, 1 'h i~ I"!lliJI IIr,., Wt'lIkO!lL'f1

Ih o ~tlmson {o r wh ich 1 1 a{ l " W { l l' ,"••Ill ~lIIIIIH<·.nll ""IU1tmwntutrlltl'l'<l '"Pt'~ollllc llllO ""l'!l l.Iy !llr • 111 I{111dl'(l l Iud \V1111keMd, 1,],0 .JuP!!!! e Wil t

T",~ bomh . drro,JpI)d . •••••••• • •• - • -. I 'I)Ohmlifll when the ~llips f u ilrd to return wi t h

('[~C<IOlJ(il'lllio" N)rtil'!> 1II)\ \ 'n (~OI~I~I"", J t ro w mn t( ' rinls.1nl.II:<PO rO .. • _ _ " II l (2 ) Tnl ...r dic lio uo r ;- .;! on ll C.hinti rnil w ,.)'s

It. As t '1 '1 ' U I)S ()! t li e . 1u pa n l' S O { 'o mm l lu ic ti li oI lS , ! \Yl! I~m" ' -ts n <i i , n J;'1 ~O r ' uI L .o f t ': '(pcnllitlg I~ ., I .d IO ri, l ito r ol low lI ,g t oM I ( 0 11 1 1 "' '' '' ' " .~ .'n'l''''t (0 1 I1ho t o I h o\ \" , lt I 'C()! lOIllY of thaeounlty

I I . ." , '~ '" ~ '" !llld' th(,(,Xllloito1ioll .o f in du st ria l n ort hrof ll Otl( throllgh Uw pipe lhioto KiulI l l ing , ('hilul.

.,By rho , l i lw~ l l Uond, illc lnrlilll{ lI 'oi,l:h i(:l) ,\-I!ljor ,JallluH'Sf' drives in C'lliIul woreb t c ! c : ; ; , I.'H,i{l3 tens,

lItk'mllt,t,cI soldy fo r I h e p ur po se of e lim in ut-

By.Ulo p ip e lin e, 21 ,0 85 lOllS, iJlg lIu' a ir th orn .in .lh c~ id ,; w hieh WOl!,j,~

.. T IIO p i c t u r m ig ht bo :la id to L o ( ,'," en m o , l l I I tr o ,y ing ' : . oi li ll p ing lind w hich w as IVf\ookillg

bflhlIlCed.-.Il.'1 lilt:; c hic ftO D lI8 go 'c om in g O'ftf th e e . .~ ' ll l oi l> ll ion o f nor! II h inn, 'rhl!!ll.· drin>:s

rood 10 ' !tUtU Wil li th o lI 'ei" 'hl of Ih e \ 'ebicl~ d i.v "rlA '!ltt'S Ouro.~ m u l I ,'r ('n gtb fro m Plldl'icSOOn t h o r o w ere m er ... , ' '' l l l: ' c 'I ' '' ' ' I . ,t". opemtions,V" .....III lIulluM

;'~s n~I, r~r,~r , ronds or gusolinc , 1 0 S I IPPO I 1 , k.. . li r opeml ions il '~ hin~ .PT<'\'('!~t,c,10.' ·u~llt io nt. l U ' ~0 rd J; " "Iu lo th o F ourt cllih A.ir FOfl l f" U!l·Jflplln~·,.Qf KUllflllllg" H~!lJl!.Kwe!yulIg,.

stnggitllgnlctllgoll I C h f l n 0 .1 1n " o r e g o 0.1 2 f . d Chung',kiug- Au d , 'o m p ll 'l .. c t lp il u lo . ti on ,o f1~lb1er mon lh , ~\';IIi~1 IIImtcg) ' s [}clIl 'ltii;2-l~ hinu l(l , J lIl lRIIC'" fOI' (· (' :T I~~ hinese ~"'II01!ll1

lilted low, moved 61i787 personnel bl' : I l i ~ overnment todfiJ' owcs ns e:O;lslCIl{'C to Blr pewer,

droJlpOO ? 2 O ~5 t f "-- . ,,- 'I TI( " ,w . " . . ens 0, uvml)ll ill order 1 1 1 ! l t II~, • balli~ f<'lrstetcmenrs above, whieh gou-o 113 (17 lOllS of cquilllllcni aurl sUllpli - p nl ly m c l. l. ..uro t he e ff ec t; . of air pcwer J n ClLilllL,.

~r~l~o,'cr I h e rood nn d tlu 'O ug htlro p ip ~ Ju J l I b l ' ~c fe r rl l il io Ilt the npproprial(' pluce iTt th e

lJIJO . X I 1> ',11 I( 'h fo l lo lw.

j', Til!!, T<'Sulting rueagr 'I ir effort of d u' Ftrollill Air ;r.1 0 I '''~ , •., . •J vy \Ias wlllO:il. enough ( lClOOro

, npo l l c ,, , : .e I4mlJ Il O J I ; ) ' I I . . r I»'the rrq' I -i)U WllSJlIst Il !ttt e s THE" AR IN CH I A PR10R TOu!ir IU,ltlN] f orc e , H od th e u il ' d fo r- l w l l i l . ' h 7 D EC EM BER 19,:U

11.~ III I Itl thr(·o Ci'l:llljJll igml to rcenl)lurt D' ~l n, ! lI 'tWl lf li l ~lyit~yilJll /lild UilllbtOOn, I, J98 7-8 ,- ' h iu o 8 1 (' od i ly lost hl 'f fight II·ilh

t ;~'Wll tow llrd h inu--th o .Jnp'llI('sQ L>()lInp;.:lpllll begillllillf,l: , I· il l l t ho M o rc o 1'010 Brid/. l l l out, . .

!ll:~IlI.1 ~rob~bly w ould 1 11 1\'0 bl!(lli OOl l ll ll c h .' . 1 ' '' 8 k ,011 1 ,July ,193., :~OPlllI IlTI,lIie , rapid lY

I Il!glCl ll'ss ou 1 0 1 , ( , I l- u l' ll ed ~ l ll el l I I' QI lI d i l] )r 'I lS O lu lI lW d , 11 1 '1 1 ' IHl ' l l lou. 0 ~ ' Iwn lsm e m i l

~ : . ,e- ~l Jo t th ot nil' I ) ( )wc r W,)S i l lC l ! I; u lJ l c o f utf(l;'ipillg, scn~ of Ih (l ond l'n l h inl '!lC CIl(>itnl; ~Ild

I, J :. th · , Jnp 'I~t. 'SO g-rouud unny- -tmt tllIl { • o~ ' ed . o o" : t il u u d W(i:St fllol~~ thu no~th hm o

'il~lldoll p ortio n o f n "n iln bll' dir wer W~S8u . nullitw 10 th o Yel low ,Rive,"", n m c : ; . ( l Ccn -V t l ' U ' ( 1 to C'IFl1Ilf ligllS: niu'~ I I II .· po. " I t o o u . 1 Go"onm1Cll~ f ol'C (l.lI . w ith M il o [ Ilo ,re , lh,",.11Ih' t ' . ...~ ( , ,- 10 oc cupu . ., I. 'I 1 . 1 1 r II I b. Omll'll of lluf'lltftRI d ' I I , , ' , 1 1 '" I f u:1Il01~'irn);(ln s~mnJ:::tu .(lVll!,0. 0" (lug!, ,II II -IIIIU1 I ' . ' .. .I I II ~ III II !l'U),11 , k"-, I lllp _led from !Jilin . ,nlty III 101 '111t l rt l ll l l-O "C ! I _CO l l I lWr nHue - In S ' )I I

j. Ail' 0pcm t' ", . r '. ,'c hilil(rnc b ll t! 1 0 of' l 'nit ' fhcilnulIg-l.mt in 'Iho. . "I OUI>I'O m III II 8 n ffeet II Io 'til'

Section II

mai l l U, , ,, , oITl' red lit'llll ,elJl"Ctl\,o or !lulIloinC'ci 0:-

i.<!t611Co",

By li!o I'ml of m a lhe.Japan", militlH'Y rua-

chine, SU IH 1 r io r i ll t tl l in i lm ' and ( ' (Iuipmcnt, hodr . .. ..

d ueed th e d l'fC II of I lIlI lg llfli, X.6Ilking., th e

prov i . i01l1l1 :a pito l"~ 1 10 nko \\ • a n ton, am i till'

l l tra, te :g ic 1'00,1 [thll'r d ( 'I I • . ('bi11o ho d ~urr('n,ler1!(1

tllI 'contil!O:I I lollcnilory w hic h Ja pun C(lnsili(,1'I'f1

tull'qllat:(> 10 ' ro n I I ' O l lho OOl!l)trl' Im t< -g i c a ll y an dcoonomicu l ly . ,J Ol la " h ud s ei7 A'J llO ntr ol of h illO '

no r tl ! l: om mi l road • IU io l1 ' (! 81~d IT the YonglUlllnd

Y e ll o w U h , 'J'S, c o n ~ 1 ' I ) 1 l 1 ' ( 1 llinc9,·fjw P('I'C<t!.!1o .f

IlillO', m o d. ., n! i nd u I ry " Inu l I . ;ion o r 1110

mojo r seoport s n lld l ! l'M k , 'y aren.in II hill(o'

provinC\'S.

.TOp, IUl 'Spa l l . .. .m o r o on ql l . ,, 1 d~·\I,.l opcd a lO ll g tl u :

fow linc-sof eouununications I\'ilhin hina, Thdifficult l ( > rmi l l nndebscnce of roa,1 lind rnilrolltU

OWt V!l.!it a r . .~ o r interior h illa l im i ted the

.101l1111c1l;on10 tl1l' ke y c l!o mw l .. of wrlll.<lC

e emmu n i .. .. r i on s and th<r indu lriiil North. From

t hi s pos i t ion .J epau s.:ul\ ,d 110\\'II10 u g I ' l l. d u a . l n t~

lril iOIl or hina's !'\"<SOU!'CIZS us tlw mos t oon\ ', lmicnL

JlWllI , of lI~bil'I'ing th e "Grenter h~t. A :; ; i " IHO-

gl '8m m hml l .

I lllviuglost her bes t armies and her uriniature

ai,r forte in Ill' initial c.ngagdll.:n, Ch in a coull!

n o I O Ij J: :( 'r t hr-a.tclI t 'Oullt 'r uU oiI ck - eeu ld ralX!

onLylb ' pro:!pel" o( ~1'ra!lio~lfllion from Ih l' ,Jllp-

a nc sc b le ek a do II ,triHlgululioll dl'liigllcd to rOn:<!

'hiM in to th e A ~ -: l~ a m p.2 . 1 9 S f J -1 1 .A l lh o l !. g h hilla g 'l\ 'e up lilll

mort: t~'nilory .1uMUg 1939, H140. end Hit I,be

eontinued 1.0 sulT "r I ~. In bunf'ling, Ih e

Natiollill Go\' 'nll!lclil. t,(\bli.h ...d i lA 'U on fOl,llllld'( iOI lS! 1Il'!Mrioll~: weakened by to war I ntlX'8..~·

ing ly cut 011 ' (rom th e outsd·· world . bin~

':( tll om y fO ll( :h LfI I osirjJ:: bA ltl' ~ lli ll9 L in Olu io nan d ' 11 ll 1 1 ! :i rl 'WC l ! o f mltl• • l jU.it l l l (! lIt , E.-:;Icu.sioll

uI,le.plIlll"!'." con t ro l into n or lh . ..m F re nc h In do -

('hlml UIl,{ Un,lalu'l"! tollllPOfllfY do U~ O' f (hl'l

B urm a nond furth er ll 'ssc ned C hina 's \\ill find

pOI\":Ct 10 n! it. ",,".tlt b , · t w l ' C u I "nuduy 1 1 1 1 1 . 1

nu ' iR,in 1941, , I ried u p Ih ~ lric klo or~upp li~

~!lehit ' !{ : milo ucro" , ;tbe T rtlu, iL... · II nliIw!lyond th northwest Ru- ia n hil:bwil~v. Th ! l > ( a l l ,of

l I on s k. o ll !: : i n Dccumb . J r 1941 , c ljmi llot~1 t lm OI1~\'

! li r r ou to 'betWe-f)ll th e Chiul ' l>COOasl ond th e

intenor,In Ih~ a u lum n of 1O~1, U w D urm o: R .uod re-

opened, i ntr od U, ein g : Ih o first ~ II "\moricftn lend,.

Icll..""items iute so ulh w~ I '!Jim l. ,Uthoui th hor-

\ :UI1.' 811.aorl ' brought mont h ly , ll ll hT l' fi " o v 'o r ~ h llroa d to som e 1 5,0 00 !,OM, these ilDporl$, ,Iunng

t b o ' bnd p"nOtI p rior to th . Ja pa .l l~ fil lr m tl

c am p ai gn . c ou ld n ot 1 l1 ll kr io l, ", ' S lf l'o t t be s el li c o f

Cbllil\ ' wsr dTorl.In D ~m lw r 1 011 , I bc " ,f ol 't ', \ \ '1 1 (1 1 1th e .\ml'ri·

c an \' o luute r .roU Jl i i h i ' ! 8t1I I . ' k c o d the J l lp!lncsc

on til,' sil!.liG I Il 1l .i nh m li , h il lS 's am li W (>1 '\ l

srs lcmared 1l101lg II; b ro kell 2.0 00 m ile fronl-

CAl'dully hlt>bBl1dingllwir re W Ilcnhl, iuil\C ; lu pp li e .

H er a ir [ or ee I'Ni~tetlonly on pa per. H er g ov ern·

I lI I 'D l we ake ll l. 't l hy intl!m.d d io o oM l lI u l d i si nt c -

~tiDJ;" m l l c l l l n ~ r . 1 " -W!W r up id l y l os in _g I I J ' l C S l i g c "

a n d h er p eo pl e w e re s ul Te riu g mOlllllingN'onoruir.hA nI "b ip . . \I th o ll gh . i nt ro d uc ti on of 11 - limitiJdQJlIOWII o f I lir p o ww i 1l to ll w w e a k snbstence of

~ \ . . _ . q I J . t i ed d e u _ ",~a;;iJlS1Iffillil!IIt8 . 1 0 1 \ { ' to d in " • th o

J ap i\ ne <l ' r ro m bina. il con fr ouh . ..1 Ihe , C l u m , y

with f o r) n ld aMe oppoo il i on 011the continont \\'hi,ch

WIb cJC>!linoo lol ' t>llulp' hi s ellt:ire lanr l , air, en d, oper a ti on s ..

SeCtio,n III

THE .AMER IC I u '\ ' M I L I TARY MISSION INCHI A

I. C, ,,c tl ll: -For cemuri lil e Chil lese l I a"o noti ;M 't ') ! ~ warlikl' or , o"~ive peepl -;n. If. " "". -~,,"~ .e. • I "UO, fI3 n1',,,,1j 10 IhNr f eu d~ t Y Il l' ~VemJl\1'1I181 >trueltlfl;

~]II~Y 11110\"('~n ~ l\ 'id l' d i ll I lUnWfOI l! l; eh'il G i l dII .UerruU POI!ILcai. IMUC05, geul!J"8tion upon' (!n;ru-hOIl-bul,.lb~v tint not til.!\' ,. " ~ Ig. _. 1'0p lU I H.eo og y , or I I

· . r~ h 'm , I \' hl eb t 'O l lg b ~ IOC(lnql.lrr Lh o \lI"orlj AW t'a l pere( :n ta ',c o f I -. .'"'YarJor""" , I > • t.'1t da..~IH'iI .boLw('(m !I,l'

..... or pro \'m C IW gO \' . ,. " ,otht'l:" and "jib t i t ( > Nltr:ui ('0 e ru or ., . 1 '0 11~ tf' ,d.l

• . ' • Vf'mmenl dUl'lnr. .,.' CA 'n tu l' ll l > l, w " re nlllIlCUII"f' f',' ' 'oo HIe, '· ' . ... or PO!lllon pow· dpl"t..,llg " 1 II d lh : ,, ;j ll lt (' (1 i n liltl . II"; I ~ I. ,er; on 'b l o o d hA.1 1 • .~.\luIIg 11111< 'nrl

- ",""Ims, p l'I lS (' nl to O . , '. ' 1 ' 1 0

dCf I : f i S< . > 11".'1 ,C>iS( in!Ul, y a 111.L!'i~h-O.

.. ¥lIl!i o~~~ pn'fcrr! Itbe,Ill. J ' t I . t I ' . E " f lb. In Ilctiycl.' .t1"f ', . . ng-

oall9;orb

eo..l . . ~ ~I 't llcm.rAlny,Jl!.pallt' lieu. of .- '.. ,

q uit n O( Ul '1 ll ly o Ji gI le d ~ !l.'S !! 11 l1 l ag~Ull>t ChiMn i t O l d 1 . ~ h ' ,sym plltlu of H ".. .' eii K!t. hlnR' Th' _. .• I..

l -a 1 Ii zc d i n to c et io n i n April 194: s~"npuU!y cry -

00,mmihut'nI to China. \ ·. \" '1 '- " Iwlth

.~.lcnd.lcAA(>0' III' I u hiO "IlI'~.l 't• III )ttnk o f w llr CI'", '1 .. .....,,_, !lites

' I i ' - , u . . l l X ' -C u ' ll l C lnl rto ur I ll ! ·,I(lt)' ( ' I T o r( ill II . .1 po Gn t 10

H C h in . u . . ·t· I . ,11lro W8} ,H , nnrnnb"· .._ , C IlP , I I 41ed 10 , J o . . '.10jnod Ille Axi e,anIP- I. PlUI m uJ IIc LiI'ely

. . I~ r I I. 'l: iOUtl :e ::I of. IIIen . •60

l lI a te r ie l n ll d (ood and bor gC(lf;'1 'llllhiCtL)

w ould be o r ll1ulcrillJ n ssi st on e t o ; )n r,I \" " 'ell v of 1 1 , . 0 ChinCSCl A rl .. '" ,',., ..t'I, II I. r I. ..... . '-. ,!I.;),. " ,0 Am (! I'1 C IH I

hIlUlI\.'nl:i O.D..1.0 01l.".0 t ioOXlontl&1 J Ir fon: ! !IlIt, WI ' YO. t OII"rtIl in '" ,'n " 'I ' , 'I •. f ," 1"·' ,. y-,. ..... l Ul i n ll l ,. 1JII~O d0l. COdIlU!ltdLIIICll.tldon.cf . sh e tI!(Illt."~ n,~sHln('d tlniL i ll {! A V U would eoutinue it,q

fnell y n . l I m · Q !. 11 J1 l(lnt. DQtlon, sht' (6.pernuoll~ mul('l'dir tiv s of hi'ml':" l_lliolll,ek.

base for m t op~rotlollsfl i=:mlJst tllO lifcliHl~ b. O l~ 4,Jul), 1 01 2, tl ll .l I r in a ~ \ .i r ' l ' us k Of\;,('

.Joponn:Kl I'l'mptro. 8J!; Hnh\rub!d from Uu'\m~ri('!ln Vol'ulltlwr GroUI

imilurly, if Chinn remained ill t llO . .. .. Ild its m i io n 1\'0 ddiliod. follol\.~: r

J ll p; ln , B b,\so\~~ 8\'uilnble r~rllttritioll~ (I) Primary mi~iou.-"'J'o d~r~lIt1 (Iho

I lgumst 11 "COIL idersblo portion of till! . 1 1 ; : !'OUtllCtli. I It nl ( '1 I S1 1 l~ 1 npprou('l.tes. 10 ) tI,ew flrnU lC ~U nl) ,. . H U lllp ')J r roul;t'flnd us hhl{l te rmina ls , II1 'hus , It bocull l 1IIlJ}O:rt~ltlb to th o United (2 ) "'['0 BH u ek a m l d c st r o y h o ~t il ll uircl"ldl

10 keep l imn f ighting for ono n(l~lltivo I'll. sh ippi l lg , . 1 ) I )1~!l lLc l , su] l]l l i cs :nl\d imltrl1l8tiOl~

t o d c pr h 'e JupIln of t l Io l1 d v lI nl fl g cs o f h l !l li ll 01111"1'I,!'!'flJl when munit ion " 'crc ' ilvBilah l(>

l in ea . .. .I in d ene po it ive rcason--Io IJIl:)\'id~1 nlHI 11'!HIIl 8m'h op.or!ll lons d id not j oo pu rc li w

on th o ellmny"s flun k rro m wh i c h we couJd t,h[' lmmo l 'Y ob j ec t i v e. "' h i : i \v lU'machine . (: 0 To gil'"'' <\ir support to Chiu t ' $ , ( :" rouml

T h is r ap or L w in domons ira . to rhnL n irpo l' flll '(m il." ·

vided tilC psychological an d mnt,orinl a.~ 4 .. "F(IIIT/ttlit/l ..tiT f',rCt:.-(J, No 011\('1'dif"( 'eli~'~

uecesseryte kecpCMllu in thow!!!' a nd Il' ku ew n w hic h rcd('nll'd tll~' mi,~ ion · of t in '

me ted allo.f lite mitior dllmnge on th e Jt,.ourtccnlh Air Foreo until 2-1 0 , ,1. 10,1-1. Dete r-

I v nr p ot en li al w11iob WI lS I I .c c omp l l . .he d i: lillll~ion6s 10 how' h e c ou ld b 1 use hi limitedtbeater. JPphc~ to hurl th o cnemy WOJj leflto t I L l ' i li r f or c e

• 2. Jtmtricall. ~lunlftlr g roup .-Th o speom :n1l11ntl(l(·r. . • . .' .

sron of the first Amaric ans to fight for 0;. b : On ' ( 'ponltum o r II", "81 tI.!'~atl.'r into th e

\1r~'dd Wa r II was determined by GCf l l '/ I l.u lm, .Burm!l_ U~cnl .' r !lilt! thl' ~lIl1a I heater, 24

ChlQng Kai .•shek, In tllI\ fnll' ,of I94J, A .t. 19:1-1, .J :':I m~moll) ! ldum xe. 3:15 rcfcmdh m d .l c. tl sc s up pl ie s s fa ru ,; l 11 (> . from Ih e t "C ' f 1 , . v to f ll l: "O l lf 'n 1 ll o: n s I I s (ol lows:

por~ of Rangoon through Lllt lh io , a nd orr ~' (Lrng" ,ph JI : "T oUl'llrimllry miss ion l IB 1 .0

B urm a Road 1 , 0 ' Tuna n Province, bint ni ted , ·\.lll'S l"OJllbut IOtCf'$ UlldH veureem-

wa s II long o.nti CO.SII.Y lino of (lommul1ia8;liot mOlld is 10 (.'Orry out nil' operation from

it w~s Chil1.I 's only r amnining eOlltftcl "if i t inR. T il mhlilioll, ) ,ou will continu\' to~Uln,de world. Fcnril'lg (h o (lio, i llg of l i t . !lssi~l 1 1 , . 1 " CJ"ill(l ni t (nltl ground forees inIm o of B I . I J l P , I , Y -tllo Oeueru l is s imoonle roJ o]l,'mlifllls, 1.I~nillillj::', fm d logi~lic!l1 upporl."

C . I.•• C hennrnd t to IIssis fh e U ri ti Eh ill Il c. Th o fundio! of 110· Fouirt4'cnlh ~1ir Fore" ,

f~nso of U o.n go on w itb .\ s 'I lm d r" On 0 .£ Ihe: ,\,'I'l' l lOt lIIutcri!l.1l ~ dlll.rJg(lll by tIL\' tablishmc!ll

'o lu nt CQ l' G r ou p. ' 1 ' 1 1 0 p.rot.ec.l iOIl o f tile If n hillo t heu l4 ' r h , ·n il 1 Iunr l c rs . TIll ' Fon r t . . .. ..tllU ? 1 l 1 ; 1 t h u s bc cn mo th o linit L "u l l o r i c t 1D . ~ ir l o ~o rc c<1011IiIIlW" to lo e rllillKlllllilJll' for Ih e fO : l I -

rllJ \ \ : I .O~illeormcct~ou .with Op(l.r!I't~ons. in ~\I'illg LYIl('~~of lIir ()Il l ·~tiontl :

1~1I 1 1 0 0 rell1izutiOQ of iliung J{d (I) Air dl'f ( 'l!lw .1 c . a 1 ' S I~ tbo c o n q I . IC 1 l o f f i ll l l' l ll f l o y 1 b o J A i » = (2 ) ount('I:'-UL!' tOl 'CC OjJCrlll iOIJ~.

th o p" mllJy m ission orlilo A \ ~ G bean: (3 ) I UI Nd il ll io n o f sell nn d l'llut! l i n \ l . 1 l of

d ofc ruw O f tit !IiI" hump I'ouLe (lnd HlD K' l'(lllllnlmiNlIio",.hI &r~a II. '. ' I . . • -' .. g m n9 ~ t IQ.Jt l .po l le~ Air FONe , (.;I) A ir camLlilt ,1Olioll f lg -o i" , I , Jopon~( 'O, 3, P ' J l 1 ' l ! / df:rulirUi.-n. T b ' firt ll o ye r. aU illsLnllllj,ion~ !lnd lrool):! mul .cQO'lCrlllio!l wilh

~IVO1\'!l8 I.tiv,c.n to G on . . Joseph • lilwcll jn' Chim 'e ~roulld fO.r·!.>s.'rom tiIo Ino! oftrlff • :.1.0 1 In Ie ;; ~ (, (5 ) A ir !luPJ> b'l ·1)\'0('11(1 1Oll, Jllul ,lir mOI'c·Feb J049 m, ' ,m ( ... r . ' . . . . . . . 'his dir( 'ctiv \vnli "to in(>~ nWIIL of t l: "O O l ' •

CelIh-'~h..en ' of tlll) 'nite<I"ales Ilssisuul<" (6) Pboto~phil' nlul loeli(>ul ",oo:nIUli~.

me so Go \, em ' · til' I'''ft ~"I n"_, ... , . IIl1m In the l)t03CCII I"", _,

! ~ , . . ."or and t.o, "OS>Ii l l t in improviog , nI l) o O ll I! oI

Ii} '11lJ1(1( '~ lin( 'opemtio!l.

) '1 '( '0 h n il'21 1J~...j 1)1110(' 1 < . 1 , (,.,rltd.. Irll ill'

illJ:: of, owl ' 'O O r di ru ui ol l w il h 'hI' Chi" , '

Ai r l '~ ( ) r( ' (' ,

d. 'rh\ bn~ico \ · . . . - .I lUmi""~ion IIf th e Fourt w n . 1 1 1

Ai1 ' fo~on'(' wa s I . e) p r -( ' l" ( ' 111 . f i- l l}mw, . .. O I ' ('UpI I i OI ' o f

111:1Cbilln uml ul}· ! l1 l1 l' 1l 1 ( :. II Ii IU ll ll io u o f the

h in osc ~ nl ion nl (l1l\·,·mflll'lI1.

Secrion IV

AIR ORGA IZII.TIO"' AiD .fORCES

• I' . T h e .ilmaicall l'tHUII&tr (JTr JU.p . -J nCOIIC.'P.11~1I til Ame r ie e n Vo lu ll tl '( 't .roup ••\\ G, pUn!lI.II'til'tl iULt ' r !lu l 'i ( lu tl l vo lun teer d (' rn \' I! I . . f ig li 1i nl ! i n

b]uropt· during hOll1 World Will'S. J j \\"IlS organ-

i.z ,'d I )y 'I(lin' I• . ChPlIll t iu ll , w ho lw d b ma l radvisor to till' hiJ\\~' gon,rnnlt '1l1 sinee H137 .

.~;arly inl HI, h l 'rm l l 'l l lt , I l ll 'n II rolonel iII IIw

h i lw s l. · o il ' rm:(~, W illI I neil lIPI.ro\,ul oi ti!l'l'nitcd ,'lull,s Wt. r lind X ,w y J)1 'pnrtm('nt~, hiredlI l,pro;ximoldy HI l l . \mer i ran pilot lin, I I! handfu l

(If oonuuunications and l .l ' t ' lmkuI "I)o>ciAli~I••

Equipped wi.111 P m i. f'()I"lrO.xilllllJlitl[:'lL· group in~1n.·lIglh. thi.; o ~n i1 .s lio n b ec am e op erutio mtl in'hillll ami BUrn) ' l during I hc.unuTII ,r o f I \l- II ,

'I'I,is uueleus o r .i \ lJl( 'nran-lm inNI l}ilollS un drquiplll! ' ! lt piorll't'R'd the n il " o p er u r io us 0 \' <' ,1 "Burma

un d C h il Ul I l: .I ld l.""NlluilllY'·lCIJlIl1t1<,,1 into 11 m

F o u: rt t" C ui li A ir Fon ' , · ,Z. 771f ('/tiM, ..ki r TwJ, : furo,, -On·l :lllh' 19~

th e C AT F W I I" u el l\ 'I \l \' l1 [ ro m : tI Ul ~\V .which

ws s d ii !b lu ul l' d. 1 1 $ n iJ lt 'r of l l r( )l lg t h \ \'8 54 l'.10sMul B 2;. TIll' h iw\ Air TI I -~kFo re l " \ , ,'1 " I . " " , ig " . . d lOlh v Teuill . i \ , ir Fof 'Cl ', with hClltlllullrld"

in De lh i . I lI d iA , . b il l !lUI.' to tbe Idcl.Qr"l' di:;ru~-d

il. c h l lp to l ' I '" t i t" , ,,\.T"· op,'rul''li i!ldl. ' i>"ml~Jllly illth! ' forllluhuion of IIiI' plall~ ond illclll'T~'illg ( lutnil' opcml ion"- 'I'h" p;Hhml ror air opl.'l'Illiorll>

IIIL.' l. l u q : : : e l y delt'mlill\~iby , o n 0 ' 1 ' 1 1 1. " " i m 0 biong

K I ll -s lw k 0 1 1 (1Brig. Gell, '. I~. 'h ' 1 111111111 . ByIh \ ' CIUI o r 19-12. Amerit';m nir foro.' "u ' l · "g tb in

'hi llu 1\:Oii nmlj . . u , p o f f ( lu r I l t: : ll te r , ;qu l . . l ro n ~ o u dom . ' Illt',liumbomllll!:'lhllelll :,quorJr(lll. II Wlru of

[l~ llircrnrtof n U Iy~' I \ ' o $ i g n , · d .

3. Tllt! four/UlI'lf, Air J;iJrr~. -a, O n 10 ) , I a rchH148, 1 1 1 1 ' j ;' ol lr h' t' ul h ~ \. ir F(ln;: 'WUl' fl,li1ti"'lh:d ho m

1 1 ' 1 1 ' ('Iliua .\,ir TlliI!:: 1<'orcl' iU1i1 !w cu Ul,' I "ln i ! l f i l l > -

, I I O I I l I I l I l I nil" ' ( , " ' 1 1 1 1 1 1a 1 1 1 1 K':ljlQll;!i'hll' din...:dy tv till'

lllllll'atcr ~lIlllltill\I('r. {'POllIlcthIltion, Cll l '

61

a l -r tl l, .t ll o f th e J;'ourloonll\ .\i1' Force,.· WilS 2, 2JM .~ - II'tnu~,- hilln. and oont i6:uousJl IPt l l l \ ' :s(!

o t e m br oc c_ d 3. fniFl..OI...lIO.1I.qn1'(,8 ror.1l strikir... I_pclSOll., ,o f I "h ic h - 1. 0fX!1' l lmt wcre OI~ro\ l~ men- - J I -'6 >I

I lt 'I '$ , O n e h un dr ed e nd forly-two illrtrafl Wl'~ II. frw hundT, ' ! . I lI rp t ll lC S , {)fI~qll11nlb.

ali ignoo, n\, June H H5 , cbo a ir torte strength no t pnl tieal (ors tobl ish s ( ) p ~ , r n t - < ; ligl '~

h a d ' i n( 'r ca < t> d . l o 2 0 ,0 0 0 perso nn p i, 16 p()r( !ent of bom ber comm» Il (ls. D eec lIt'l'nh znllO ll 1 0

Wlli('h wtro .lIil'-('l\'w m~moon< , VOIl huudre . .d (I.'l:t('nL \\iil:.; D.cc('ssCl'r}1, I I O W l W O f , because"

uu d Ihirh-.fi .\ 'C ain:raft '1\ (rt) ~ig:ned.1I1 Ih is tim e. gn-nt fU'{'{lo f m l ( ,l 'c s l fllld beellcllso o f !lI e d it

1\(ajor ~ mp on( 'n l" o f ttll' F om 1~n.lh A ir J ~ O I X ' ( ' of l I i t - mi.~!onslo be . ~ C C O J l l p J i B h c d , A~

lin' d ~ > & ' d b.· low. l i l o : . l .X ' l; ,"O I g hl h il n fl , I X ( . Y - l l m t , h D J I l l I H l S i t ~b. 1 ' l 4 t C hir Jt ... lm t riC Q I I ( !i :J m p. ,. ~i tf W i , l !; ! w.('.rQ orgllnil ,e{L

(C.l 1 I).- Til AC \\' \I~ compo,;:cd o f bolh In g C l l c r n l th o Si.>;~Y-llinUI omposilc 'rC 'l!in, and .\nWri.MIl pl!rsollnt'lllllld w asthe lira! a ssig.llt!d Iii:!!rt'Spo~ibmty f o r do fO : lI SCof l b! : o.wing: I l . . . . . . , . i g l l l. . .d to I h( ' Four tcen!h A ir F O rte . The lind It'll I lInfilemllllOlB find th e J'csf)OlIsib

. \ W O ~ 't ln iz al io n wa s acoru;iclcrcd 'tp' I O l\ \l Ir d o lT (! }l 8iv c A i r ~ pc rM io ns soufh U l ld C ll St f r~ i

dc \"c l 'oPll l t ' 1 l1or indt' jlt"lIdent hill' A ir force millg (owol'd lIolioi end French I n d o . : C l l l l . .

un il .6 " " I li th cou ld OPCl'lllc' a nd m a in ta in Am criean seuth nu d west tolihe'~lwl!CII front 'H e . .

l 'q ui pm em w it h tl n1 _so/liIhla t a nd sn l o f@ f fi c it 'J 1C l' . eighfh ()mpositc W in g w us b o.s c,lin (h e

rn iH a Uy , e a ch k l.!Y p~~lioll in th e lVing-£ro~1 n t- c n o f billn ilnd wa roSI)011~iblo to r ollen,,;I l' ol ll rn .n d c r 1 0 ( '1 \ '1 \ 1 d l i l' f-w ( lS I l la · n ne rl by fill o pe r ut io ns. g en era lly from H nin flll I~ hU ld 00-

Amrrican willI II h i ne s e I JJ lc I( o n ;l m l y" Ih u t h o o r y h a o g h o . i . B o t h wil l .g:8cmploycd l ighln

1 " , . Ilj,: I I ' ) y ;i tb dNW . \m e ri et ll \ support hom n ;" l J ie d iu m b om b a rd m o :n t, typo a i l " C r t l J t .

O~ '1 ! .1 l I%8Uon as ; ;oon ' I .e w :pe ri l .' llCe I~,," of Ute . d. T/~ Tlm'tllundr-e.liand 1'~/flh I.C hin - \\'o ~1 d p erm it. H ow o" el", .AmCl " iioo ll SUI )- Wi'!O.--11l M arch 1944, th o 'fhro HUl l dM l

port Illd guidance to lbe CA W II 'IIS1I00\'erwith. Twelfth .Figllwr Wing \!Illll est.uhlistll:d ir .. lIII.nu du.rillg iJt~ wa r . In o l l w r i l l g th e a ir ago"' :"'hollgt U Iltcilin north centrol hillu. Thil 'from t l lO . l l IndpoUi I of InNll l l l ll i l il l l io l l- binn wasIiIU~~lIIpling,o ~kjp (w o pcriod" of dll.I'@lopntclit ~asc~mpos( 'd o t ' '\"110J ig h lo cr g ,r ouN! a n d sufi.-

I'l"Ihn:ly. ~llil tbe cX «lption of colIStal 811:'as 1Ilg units, Its prinllll'Y mi ion was the dole:WJI ~~ ' t ll C u nP IL C I o f wesWI1l. c i" il iz tl ti on h a il !.Ieell th e BC-20Slcilging hUlOCS lnd it.s .wrondary m i

[l.lI: m , the, . ,\ W. , ChUII ) \\"8.~ a llc mp lillg to by - wa s loc'OnclucLollcnsi\'o f1 i l 'O l lomt iOl IS i n I I J.

P A N I IJ f. . lJorsr..,and-bll~'llge B u d th e 1 I 11 to1 J I obi l (! ( , ,( ' ne r a ll y oor-th of tbl) Y ellow Uh 'cr-, '

~g',. 110w(:\ ' ( '1 ' , ooml' J l~nI " " wos Dlade I!I.lldthe e . T I,e l '1lr4t l11J,fI.(JI'~dGh(/ l!}ifJM'~ f J o m b (I

mlcl"'Q"of II r tl O t .i cm p o stW :l lr I ' \. F (li).-Ju o rd er- to I llB il1 lflin th e n ~'eli . 'I I d c.,rt'/O p from 1 11 0 F U\-', F m o l I" J U" k'ote(: I J i l i ~ y , oon{ro.1 of I I J ( 1 . only -lINl\'Y b o m l l ll ~

• . - _ l ; ' . . r ..0 1 !8 _. 0 of " .: .~ _n om .l l I. ud ,mel : II CY o f o p em t i ol l during Ih o g roup ilS Sig ll~d t. o tbo Four lNlth Ai r Fol'lY

" " : ' hOWIl "l " 't r ,.\m 'nean Supen'ision I I n d L e c I . 'I retained in th e nir fo.reo h(!8d( lud~tc l" ' i l . L ik1Is :;~1411(,c· IV-U tlol withdrawn. . mlClI' ph olor 'Cc o l1 JlIlisso nc e u nit I uigllt.-lighlCf $'I

, _ 'I 'I I~ " A ,W W I I i ! b as ed in C en lr al C lr in aB n d 1"'1 ~n.s, lrooll{"arril:!", I lhd com bnt corg o oJP 'I~ ,rlll~lOrI u,oder;tOOk to I lt ll nJ >! !l' Ja pn ne so .' 1. . IIOlhi I \"crOil ISOOpC!rIIiI , ( l I i by lhe a ir fo rreop.rai lOllS ruo"" til' ])''''''h- '1 - upp y (IU(lrLcrs.y ., .. .rr . .. ., ' .-oum . fa l Wil d" an d in:h e.JlIn!;l~ \ · o . 1 l " J · : <?Ik'Tatior designed 10 di!l'up~ ': 'I 'h o diag-rullll! w h i c h foUow dCll id {LC 'OIlapall~ l tp lO l ia .h o ll o f U t o' h" R' ZlIholi R l U l l l ir u r u f L !ltnmgth of [hc l '~ourte( 'l l l luJ' leain H U p _ < , _ h r o ' l " i l l l ' c W e r e B : ~lId~:~ d

DoW1" F o rc ~o ~ l ,y p ic ll l p0 rioc ls d uring t,h n w nr. C

c. T I t € . 8rrl~-righJl. and 8ittY-'iif!III(''o~II:""",:tf: mWIIC4f. lOns lind SO.....ice o. rgnni7 .i l l ions upp1

" . V ' UW!..nchc:a1 lIuitsllI'Q omit(OO.

62

1l1l>lloao1>~IB431

U o . ' C

I~

' I» I lo C lo oD [ : OO : !( I \ .~

o w F lf op tN;J)

mb~-!~ '"'W..~_l ..~I>f!q-I~"'"

I.th

t " o J u O o ! ! ' h l _ A . T 1 .A . m P '* & " \ \ . . .. . ,

IIlb ~b. p IlI-Zl .M rue C f'-1 o> 1 . . . Udalb'ap(1I4I'

" 0 . ' . -51IU~ :utlo!-I' ....:D16q_II ....

........C<ooD_to w.. .

2Iil_l'«jlp (Nl

'i,l> SQ-~ o J<~b 1!Q.-11I o J<

rrU·b~j!'l~~".~

3d Ytr n J ( r ....,.~1):'Ib .8q-IG 01.",bk-IOa/e

i£ ,b~-;IJ~

_nIl l ' b<o I o ~ " " ", ' U

~h,J>h«(I n~ 1: . .1t'

' l i!OhSf'"u So!-u ....

tr.t~ :-Im"I!q-~~<-T<UI Ttl' I . . . . . - 1 . · . , .~Tn>(''''I«lI''''

-:"Ib 1Joad><Jp.-4S~

hi (,"OfD f."u~::a: .. 'e

-"1~C"M-»""• n il ( 'om ·C 'alI '<l .I~"1o:

_ llllll Frs U.I 1\

63

Seccion vA VG It. 0 CAT f A IR O PERATIO NS

I. r~tIFllm·wl 1'"bllll(ft ,(;roup. Tlll'Orgt\l~i.

1.8tion du d mission o r th e.A V G l l l l~ lw( 'n c 'Overed II I" ( " I ions IIIen d lr. O n 20 ll C( "l 'm iJ rr I !l U, th e

; \ V G ,'III ' 1 " 1 . ' ( 1rom h i l l I ) y i ll lc rl 'C p ji n( : I I f l i g h t of

1 I 1 1 1 1 0 i 'M - < t d ( 'npm,' bombe r s f 1 I I P r o l l l : - h i n g Kun·m in go ' -' -h ~ , IO : ll tl U·se "'''N I lUempling II t l i J y l i { : ' h t

mil l Bnll l 1 a ll btll an, ' Qrtb('"ttll{'kin~ bomber:;

10 II tl' A \ '0 P --I .O s. TI'I~' Ifill'S 1"I. :or OIl' A \ ro

Njundrol l fit Rn ll !t OO I I I' II I "N ' .1 i n to IIlIl' b a t U l' rOT

sou th B urm a IIlId t hl ' k l'Y p or t . . o f ; \h :l ll lm c in ,

' r l ' l \ · " ~ \ · . l in d l lo ll g" O O n. Tw o NO !ligh t'" inl(,JI-

<" t 'p lN! S . I . l a ll an l1S< ' bombr r. ; , with .t ighter CSI'Orl,

beluling r or R lI ll go on 1 1 1 1 1 \ i;hot 110\ \1!2. ' j of IIII,!

I ' lwrny siMllfl. Th e j tllb~ 'tlllrll( C\'lu.'ulIlioliOf

RIII1j; . 'OO by \ b" Uri I i~ll jq rov! ' red in dill Pi'" r 1 of

tlti~ report-II'; is Inc X l1 i« lo ir e ff ort "'hiell ]lcr'"mitl .-d a n ol'l lrrJ\" "ilLt1ruwnl.• W ith tlll .~ Ioo.~'o£ Dllm}!! , file .A \ G w as rore:d

beek m lo Ch ifili 1 0 U I 1'K u nm i ng h a se ON'8. Tllere,

with in the lim it of ilredu~l 1N 'IiJ::th ., duririj;

;~pril. :<'I&y. end,lulie 1942 , 1110 oJgllnizallon eon-dUCiM th ree l)-pe;. o r op . :mt ioJ l ! l , rmmeh·:Air delen,... v f the IlI'l'"II a g o i n I determined

Ja~ne$(' bombil1g IIH eck .

OJJl'noil/l '(OTIIYslgeill~~ tnt' e ut m ), U P 1 .l v li ae s,nlltll( '~ trikl ' t ' in tile a lw e n nil'l 'r ~rell in

d~rl 'n...e of tb-c .hl lh·(ooVd C hinelm ny, desper.

~ 1l'1 " . a U mrll1 l~ 10 k e c · p ' lit", J ap lI ll ('$ O fr om

r u \ . t 10 9 I H l l a t i lr ou gl t I IH ~ l i t ! e k 1 1 0 0 r

2. .!Jf(2"IJ10b/, 1'l~IIJf, t11'~ tlfHtr)lirm~.- During'

tlie. 6 mOllUt. o r. I t '~ 0pel ' l lt lono\', er Burma (Inti

~~lIn 'L1H: .~lIInll '~ ~olunt oCr arou l) deal- royed

• 9 ,. enCIn. \l I l f fmlt Inme l 'Om b ll t w h iJ I. '1 0 i ng 14 .or

I h r' !r . OWl! . P . IN . ' rho claim for B urm a lire,1 (·nIlN from IhQIlffi';lll IIi pa telt of .A. V'

.\Ia. ha l D •.- ". . . If lell. . : •. '.. ..·111'11<;011 I "l lb w bo m I h < , · A"ndNIle-hml ' l I t ul Ranltooll NIOpt'l'Illl'd «D· - ...I ,Jllnlllll"'l' 2 "2 \llw J!).l?" T I f' I: r '8pllte.II,- b I-....,~, r : 1 I !f ll !i . or Chil lB~r.' l 1 l i ( ' ( . QII fI <:Olmt of ('n~my l Ii re rn rt . .. ."r'"rekl C X " 8 l 1 ' d Dml l ' Il j )or t et l 1 1 )' ( 1m hill~ n ir . Inel, - .. Wi ll ' ll I I )! : "

li. L·"mul~ulflbr, rt IIltl!fJj 1VO .

1 \ 41 . ~r ~· 8 1 1J 1 lI io n o f ! I n· C I 'J I l' lr ih : ti ol ! ~ ~ ~, :; :I I ;.

. 1 ' 1111 N"lC(Hl <:0 II)ha t o'l.'llnjM Ion 10 >{\' :. ~lA~!ll (':Ilmol b t - . . . . . . . ~ I I I I . . . . . IIrl l( lI t III

"Q, 1M 00(' \ ' Ihrouglor 1"I!1'1lI)'OJirordl d''''lro''~d' TI·. I. II COun lfill e r r , ' e Ito of I h l. o il " o . .. .' rn·I,"" • .!" nUllO!" f lV ' . . ..

\•. ' _. I~ - ~ II WIn· II.. follo\\ :

II.• IJ nlhl"l!lIy lo w 1 .lom t:n -,., .. I ·11I1U nollol!nl

61

w i l l 101'1;'.';j$1 nut! nttl l imp WhCllOlJr .. ...

in l (>ml ,I{ 'lIIl1 l1d Nl· I h "L h illa : m a i n " . n 1 111 lfiJl"l'irlof U I l' ${ 'r m ~ iO l ll l, 16 t 'Mm.y lIi~faft

in lt ' Jl r it ) " , . 1 hi $ oil" OI l~ 'MIi O Il i nj ~l lt ed II~ - - ( ! r : o (llaiJlll'1;1 d~~~ycd, 6 fl1'01.Iool:; dC8t . . royN,fo~I('h'd ne w ros(Ih·1' In rh o n l ' n l l < . ! S , I I , ~ an d ·1 , donmr: : ed, ~'I lb t1,c I D S ! ! of I ~r: : t~lt ' r 1i~ld I

1 '111 o with o p eep lo of hi:lU l. 1 '11 - ""-~bomher. Incltl.di. IIg lho second m - I on,. m ~,II \. . . - ,vUf;"· ,. ,t"a I "7 N " '~-'I rIt'll ,dlnnd IJrI'lldlh of h inll ,nnl! bll[ · :la ,s ..., \ \ '~ n :- ' (1 m.. j o\,cm....,r, )Hoh; o.

Ih ogb arr ie rs o f t lis i! id l'l~ t 'hint' : : ' " [oeli t~e A'l' lIcll!l!nrd d' - '>1lro)~cd ovc~ 0 0' ( \1 10 ~Y

. .. II ' .\ . -~ . . ( l IN SlfGfoft .OIl UII) grol lnd nn d II I IhOllir til fl , mom,11'OOlCII 00111'1('11(111 IIh. mQr!.Cllll flllJII ~ • ,.- ..,.. I d r I J.... . .. J a pnu l1 . 8( l ! lI r e a se s .tli('tl '.IO It g I~ 1) III C .1It1 • ~lhlllC (>. tnlhiftry. II 30 .)ul" l'-4m.o[ 1110 Twcn~.r . th i l" ( l Fi -hler'r · ' 1' P1 b !! , , \, ,1 1 , ,1 1 0 0 WIl' ""1'('11 to I I . " . . . . gn.""" , . 0 . : . - . . . . . . - . . .1(1 PI roup d o fl 'U t lc d H e uf z y !l II t , dun~'11 30 .hour IIIt l \ck' 11 1 1 1 8I I I e h e w r ee !. '! ! of .;l!l]l un ese bom l> cl'll Y O il Q gg 'Tl'g ulo of I 1 9. JO pU IlC SO h al1 liJ.e.rs a nol.

hcl1t'loOfol\'" ha d m ore~I.Y . ~)l1d un.1 • h lers j,n w hich I <!IHl!llY airel'llfl weN ' d e st ro y ", " ,

b om b( '( lu ud .d olltll'<1 . i lll I l ' SL ' (,ltlt'S. T h ~ ! l t with 1116 10 . eftwo 1 '- 4 ~ a n d 1 10 p ilnl •

IIl1'uL Hlld 'l' ' 't('n~ion of t i n > .hinCs<>oir 1\'8IrU: In II: SUe«! " , f I J I m id o~'er Hoi l)hollg , I \SOOrtcd

by Cluil)( ' I~. hClI l IQul lmodo th e poollII' c !18-2-! is sonk a 4,000.lon freig hter in th e h Arb or.

\lIIh·e~I'b· oonscioul; of fho stI"IJgd~ (('",hicli l'lT~·ti"dy b lo c ke d t h o' do ck s thl 'Ougl lout

uprNnMYl"l'liil'l1 w a s d (> " l'i op i: nJ ; e v e r I h ~i r IlIl rl 'St of (h e ., \ 'rtf,. slort... l f i . 1 " ' C l J . t h a t· b u rn ed for

nn d h l. 'J ld . J dnys in th o docksend w a re he us es o nd k il k· d o n

~ . R l ll ig o o n l\',It 'o\ '8cualcd ill O il ordl.'rI\I~lIId(ltcrmincd number o f J ll po n~ troeps, Ih er

n ud with a rn ln im u m of Iesses d ue to Ul~t' Jinlilorlyimporl{lnt mi!5> li oll ll weTO 001 \' 11 OVI 'I '

teeriou )1rol ' idcd ( Src P 8r~ I,.$ccliOl! X l.) C oo ton, W uchnng , I la n kew , nnd i l fnorthm:n

c. Till,' J8]lllnl!&lurhrQ in to binn froc lndo · h iun nnd B urm u.B u rm a s id e, on th o &1.\1101'11 front, w a s stapp 6. JrlrollUrabl. rr l i l t" rl/ :' A 7' F 01!trt1til)n~,-

I IU ncks of .AVO P 405 llnd bllJ 'Cfooted oDurillg th e m onth s of operatiOn!!, -I .Tuly 19 (2 -10

l 'Oldiun;, .-gh'I 'JI nOI\" l't"S()h,o uu d cou r a ge ~M ol 'c h I D '. l3 , I h e- c ln im s of hcndlll tOrt1)ffI, 'AT?

oil' g<!SblfC find th e nirprolhiso' of g . r e . a t e r , .wero liS follow s: ... . 'ence in ( ill) Eulure, One Inmdred clgh~y.t :\\IQ (:1I~my !llrplones de -

d. TII I I i{ul lmil lg ba s e n I 'C -O , wh i c h WIIS 11!~~ 'cd .v elo p in to th e S II I) P\.'" c ent er for (be cntirr Eighty.seven 011('1I1Y n. i r-crn.! I probn.bly d e-

I'{forl in hinil" WIIS suece sJlIlt\! d~ rend ftl l;~c d . I · d red fI t • I .. G.fbomh~ droPl~d 011

was t h ,- , on ] ,y rOIll!!ining lir a lin e in to C hin & -J _ . .rc c ~u u · ~I.I ~ ) .C ln~ ·· -a ir r ou te O{"r'OSS tl II . . tll 'uncso wtll a.IOIl • .••.

._, .,l~ - Inn]>." . _ ...• Filly Ihol!S(!.ndloll!l Cllemy slllf\pu'¥ tmk :: 1 . . O J! 1'fofJpera~II}fUl •.•-(l. 1 h I !~org,lll1lZ8tKl'I)urillg I h l ! ';'lIllIe period, 24 Al~lCncll!l 811'eJ"flfL

~11. ron.Q f t h e. C b l ll ll Air Til ik f ; o r o o tI~ O O : " ,e ro 1 0 t to NINny tIC.li.on.

!!l SechOllil Jirond [\ 'AbOl'o . CA'fF oJll"'- A t tltis l imo s ta ti st ic !! 1 c on tr ol ullil:8 11'&e I JO~

n -p rt '" -S e nt cd ~ modes t c xpllnsio!l o~ ellrl~ tvo l I wo ilt lh le , ~ m{ 'r n ~II, woro no t insl'llll~d OJ!

cl~O,n,-.. Dunng lI!c 8 months of I h le~~ f i g h ti .' r n l l" C r a fl Am i (1 IIIlifonl1 system ro r d~mnge

A I l iQ P cm t cd OlllUl U\7orogo o .r nppro~tlS! ~1!)(i1lt 1!0..I not yet be II p ro mu lg 1l tc d .0 0 tnn" per lllonLh. ' l 'hc p riD llll" ,I1 n il '0 n sc qn en t Iy it, i~iTilpo. i b ll l r o rt h e l lOIl« .i 10

d efc lll;( 'o f tL $O uth crn n pp ro l1 ch t''

l'Out(' 011 ." the Kunmil lg bUStlllriJU wp~ I ldcq hoount ou c ll cm y n ir cr o.f l d C > l t ~ y r . d 10 . bo

flct ·ompl!$hcd, Im L roquirod I l! o :; t o f f,]LC~Ilf.ellmte- duo . :10 th o C A TF p ol ic y \ \'h n: h rcqmrooIwoilllblo. ' l 'h", bu lk o f o IT eM i ...... O)lI'Dllion · conf i rmi l l iol l by th o , h iu t- so w t ll 'l li n8 " I\('t.. Th ocould be .n t tcml) t l ' d Wo s l \ im" .1 fl.. .rap~nr;dpim (or " l \ e J l ; ~ · !1-hi) pu lg >Junk i l l . j ,u d g< 'd b ~· . tI!~ \\'~ r ru nt line of o om m llllic nliO iI . 'l 'h ~ l B oilld to b{'r('lIsolinblo in ,·it'\\,or I·ho dTorl

Igmfiool l t . I lclioll i'S liumlllnr:i7,cd h<.joll'. ' '' 'I Jl ll ud t 'd , t h ". '1"f1iluhili~)' of hlrst ' t~ !md.nn

b, 9,1 1 II 0 miMion Clv ' r H ong k:ullg ill O tI'M Sunrptioli of !1 Il 8v I'rngl' , m nd nrd o r .opel'lltmg

a nd ~ (lI !l'm ll-er 1 9'1 -2, B-2fi;l wilh. 1 ':.01 0 . c m l)i~ I \CY . .... .'d e r . n o l l l l h c d n. f lOwe r w d u n t . , . dcslt(>\tcr' d oc k ( . : G. Ol'lI'-(lll rr,.ull" oj CIlTi' (lIr I)llrraliun".-

10.11011>111111.1w o r c l l O l J S e . l l " ol!d ! t ( I~nO(I d i l ' l - ( l M8jor 0" 'Nll! T! )SUitlS I , - , o r o Il8follo\\

n u ;t'lJllpnn h f o ! u d q u l l r l o J 1 ' I I . til otrial cP

. \ 1 ' . . 1

April 1 0 -13 .. • .

J!~ ~::~~ ::.:.::~ ::::::: :::::: ::::::: :::::July 19'3...... , ••••••••••••••••••••••.••Al!pl- 1'11'13••.•••••••••••••.••••.••••••••

Scpl~lII00r IIH3 ••••••• • • • • ••·•••• .. • _••Oet~r 1M3..... ..- .

No,'~~r 1013••••••••••.••..•••••.••••••••

O-.uib<-, UI~3:•_ •••••.•.••••••.••••••.•••

JIIHWlry 19'14•• - ••••.•••• _ ••••••••• "'"r~broM,r1014. .

l 'd B n: h 1 9 14 • •• •• •• • " - - • •• .• •• •• •• •• •• •• •

,\pril HIl'·L••••••••••••••••• •••••••• .M as 1044 ,••••••.•• " .JUM 11 l-0 .

Jill IIU4...... . -.o \'I JII Il.'1 1 ( I~ ·4••••••••••••••••••••••• _ ..

Ill:<:mber 1(l4~. • - •• - •••••CklolM'f UH4 ••• •• •• •• •• •• · ·· ·· ·· ·· ·· ·· ·· ·· -N o" r m h <· linL •• ••••••••••••••••••• • ••ncc.-mbl'r H II~, ..J lim",,)" 11 ;»5.... • . . . . • .• ". , ••.•• " ....••

F~JIUI"'1 19Irt • • - •.•••••••••••••.•••• ' ..

~I.~ll rOls.• _ .

April 10t~·. • " .••••

~t'l-Y19'(;·.. .

,Junt 19-45 ... _ _ .. _ - -. - _ ...

JulI ' 11145 . ••• • ...

t\"li:u!o1 l.fHlI.. ••• • •••

" /n l'ro . I rin ll dcll·ru!I.- n. Eftrly in 1 1 1 1 ' w ar

:I ~ il ~l lr nl )( lO d el 'l ll lC ( > a ·r ft,ir opcmt io l l ; l Wl1!l IJI,»)\'

Il. Bo~t.( '~ed by 1 1 ,0 gtn",illll' Jc~.m~riC'll!oj,1'1J'0ri., i l i a ronl i l lUOO 1< 1 ellflul'O h I " . i ld l " 'N ' l i ii l 'i -

.'llld rNlll'lirlcd in the war .b. ' ri te KU l lmu l g bsse IIr 'Moml H um p e ou to were

ndc(IIIO Id y d r1'1111'd b y IlI'iLa 1 . 1 1l !l lI Iw n l u r loca l II i r

t<lIpcriorit.y . .

e. Jllt ... liction of lito .JaplIlI lin - of eem-

in imica l ioJUI Md nltrilionof ,JllltUIiC e m i li tn ryRIwl1g lJ ' t ill lina ha d be 'Il ~btrlt ,d.

d. Til counter-llir ro~l.'o pl'Oj:!1'1lnl, l\ 'I,idl lercr

drove Ih o .lapaneso {rom th ( ' ski of billa , I r n . 1 I

i.H.'t'1i uggJ'(","~i,·t ' lyinitia ted !l1]11 ho d u:I!'{'!Idy pa id

good dividend,

Sea iOB VI

LOGISTICAL UllT.ATIO S

I. LJ!li t i ca l ' J 1 . l . p p o r t II I lIlt FO!lr i(,n th .ili,. FI["fl.-

PliTt I,. Section :x : . , I. summerises tho AT ,

r ol ld f in d pipe-·linl' delil/tric;; 10 C l li nn d u ri n g th o

wa r . r those qunntifios shewn, Ih e Fourt«-nth

A ir Fo rc o r ec cl "c d l it O ' f o lJ ow i ng tO l ll to g l'S in t ho

l{lInming O J " I C .' :

1.721,G2S::l,.Z33

3 . 0 3 S

4.ti7G

. . .~1 - ,

:;,I,I!~7, G 0 9 -; , ,01 '1 ;

1 ,3"79

Ii. i6?6.2$.j12,~'f

18,lW!13, ,I

18,l!~S1 8 , O H

I~,M16, fI?2 3 . .

2 1 . .7 302e,,~;:ll, C H J . >

I. 207

In. (1.)23- l I .16130.800

65

issioll. ];:or Ihi r~ason,.f j OPIlfIl:IOSl.llion ino t

d oV '" IC U t o( li r cicfon,oporillions. T b is ! 1. C{ 'l io n

~ cl ll l1 w it h t ho o "( ,I '- on e lM I . b el w e en I tu : . JOpOf lC ' S

an d L\moricall a ir fo rc ·( '8 in b oth o ur do tc i iv e DO l i)O 'CU$ jv c rol'cs.!.F()I I t ' I t:eflll~ llit' FOFt;t;8Ir'ffl!/ll••-Tlte following

a b lo i il ho w ~ lI'ourl(lclllh A i r i 'o ro o eircrertl'lln!lq;'th

at ig ,ni fic f lut .. ! lnt ll< :

Ii'OIl•.{!t'III" 11.i. ~ ' t n C ( _

- - - - - - - - - - ~ I - ~ - e - ~ - I ~ : : 1 ~ ~1"""I~g ng L~ ~

~.btt IN .U~U 'D:C01

I_It.., .. tel

1,Ill b« 19'"- " 610 K6 ~

'I----I----L-:::t-

'

_ t t L ~ . . . . .-;i) 1 · : 1 ' 1 (.!

12,1\0 1

~"

3,' I';1)< a. l i fU:IfIY air sfretlgll••-The r oU o w il ~ t ab l! ; p re -

A t : . ~ . t -. Q ;: I J • -+---..j....-,fl('llIS fill ~ lI t i m 8 t e o f .JRP!lU(IS("ir s lr tl fl gl h h a Sl 'd

in h inn , Ind o- lliflll,lln d F onno S8 8t.. siS :'lm ca n

un u'\S "110 "0 : inwnrals. It.will be nOLed Ill6t Ihe Fourtceutb-- -::-__-li- __L __ . l . . .__ -L__o , _ · I D I _ J L _ 1 O ,_ l'2 i_ j_ _ ' , _: g. l_ A ir lo re c 8 .c .h i( )\ l'o d nU l Ue ri ca l s up er io ri ty t o t li e

dueled rl'O~llh~ KWlIlWIg hase 81'()~, Thls mC811L JlIol)llnCSO n ir t ore e only duringlilc first. pSfL of

th ol s lI pp h ~ived w ef t' I II K lWU d i J ' ( ' C l i v i n l o op( lml: i~ni l ,~ t . . lhe ClXpo' l ' ISCo f nil' c omb st o p er t· 1 9< l 6.

ooll l lmlopenu~On!l . I1ow\'()r, twocolld i l ion~ PO,lenl!al Hytllg h Olll'S nlld potc nH nl o rip-

t 1 c\ 'e lo pr d / 8 1" r m t h e \ \ 'ar , , :hicb < Ii i pn .t « l n g r co t qUl t ed ar e cornpuwd fit AAb ' s tO h d a n :1 " '~ I 'no,""

rc~1 I 18gc or POhdeli~'erffi 10 f , 1 ! ( ) KWlI l I ing u :r t! n C O Il( ain cd in "Staff Officers'ioltl MaD<----4--I>----

11l81~.1ronspor operations w ith in h iIl8 ., T lll1 !Il ' L~ [f 1 £ 8 1 1 U 8 1 N o ., 6 S . . I, d a ted D ~~crnbc r Ig j;= ~ ~~ I:g=":27~; ","':l~·r.......b«tolllhtion. W('co: 'J, omIKJ'r i&m to irifil'ltry division $ I l o p p m . - \to,",.. ., .... J;!.

(I) ... rJ .c t c . \ · f I1 U 8 t .ing' I l l ( ) oil' o p . c · r a " . · , ·_ o n o f " . '1 ' 1 1 1I l ' , o u r l . " " . DU._1I1 • 1, .110 ' I " f c I > t o . " " . ~ 1. . ....,-..1_ .'-• .' 1lII.1,..IMOJ I lu .a.ir .()II'M.lki~'I' -l>'d " ,J:!' "" . _to.< J r _boo

" ' < ! 1 1 m t .. . ;v' •• " ,. 1 1' S F o r e e in 1 . 1 " ' 1 8 , , '~ , ' ' ' , 1 ' 1 1 , . '..... ' . 1 ' . "1 1 ' ; :. .. " "' -IIIL.'. II 1l<r!IHI•.• I, ;"!G.,~"';II~ UJ'"."' . . ,.1SP Il1ltlS('Str. in 'jaUatiolls shipp-;"... . III d "" . 1 ) . . " . . . . . . " IIJ DI ,,_.

! 1 I I e : so£.oomllll~Jl.ic4IioJl w ( ' r o mOUlited iU 8 ~di:~ P 8 r i S O l ~ ma( ! lo ( ul r li o r i l l Ulisw: \ : b - I h l l i log i ' Ju IIH' { 0» u : : . : ! . 1 t D ; 1m _ b , " " ! lDt ",""<" ,"13

r nC l 'OOS r l l g J 't lU~ f r om r or wa rd b al lt 'S . To .(\t~ uppor~ 'Wtll ' ablo 10 th e J.t~ourtc()lI l,h A ir F o J \ " . ' ! tt6 ;J.tcI1k.!n_IIl,,,,,,t<n, _~.~"'!<rLmgailo!, of pa so lm o to nIl) I tv (Omgo fo rwOrdgb S~~~iell~t. to 9 up po rt .. n maNinlUm of~~o inll 1 1·'-rtqu Irr..1 I to' I,!{ II· . .ll.'!Q d l\ 'l:SIOJL!l.delh'pl'V ' JlII ens of gnsql i l lO bUnlcd in

(2) . i i a< t- l 'm t ; ~mN l hJ (!h' .. ".

TMm))"", "1 ~pplil_' til C11~ :: r I f" fJOp$by air a~(lJUrl.~nuoJ fh e In ro1(T . . (fllOulld jor'Ct8 mi lm .. nr ol l ' '_ 'J {7 11o,M" (Jh ! " , O f J , a ~ f I . J . " r r7wlling S6b T'" '. 1 1 1M ! " " t "' '' 1 1} 1 I( !

. ' .. ' ''lla blo !:Ibove sho\\':.. .m C tl l n o e e m p . s i e m 1 1 . ' - BL ,entu)ai 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 9

. e' So 1(I 1 I l ! , )1 \ I I I .S (' O · . r , . f t · ;p. t'"u mtl~pon.

Totol·•••_.

- . . . .

Joponnr Ai. POr@-----

. .. . rt '1 . E ne m y a i ra di lJ n,-rl, During t . l l e e8 .r l> ,~Ia ,gcsS ecuon V II .Japon'llltir rO I :< :O i n h iu ll d ii, pl ll Yo o I'Lllp~rlOrrglln·

C OU NT .B a.A IR F OR CE OPBRA17JON!

J:.Gmluol.-In ni r ollcrratiQns in h i l l l ,

S lim e . f ~ ro o, o ir pi ll rn .' , an d pilots whichrespollSlblc fo r f l i . . dofenso o f ;flicir O W I I I,ast I

weI' a l"<lernploy<,d in UIO ' ofl'o!lsi\'" eir ~

66

i? ;etion, t rl li ni f} g. D u d d isc ip lin , . "nopposcdCl(~c c .I )L r or lo ke nr cs is La n f ro m 0 1 18 01 1 '1 0C h il 1( !S l !pl"! lC8 (I\'l'f .bllngllni. · ft nk in g,. a nd H a nk ow<,nomy b omh or tl " o pt lB l a d ly u lt u cl i d undofended

in tClrior cities until th"irfi~ , l i I < l l S t . r o u S l IC9unlt ' r

w it h 1 11 i ! .m~ r i . c 8n \ ' o l un l ev r G r ou p in B urm a a nd

!l(Il Ithw("!!L h ine . j, :' lulIlJ)' di~Mtrolla "' r o 1 1 I1 C .' r

~m:owlt('.1'11 \ \ . 0 ; . 1 1 1 F'ourtconlh A i r F o l " C { .l . l i g h t " ' ill

19~3 , In f ive mljor flt(lIcl: lIgoirt!lt Llle a irf ie ld

on KII I lJ l liu s; : in 1 04 3 , tnt-my I~ werlll follows:

, -:c- -Iocol"'" , .........

]' ' ' ' m P1lbI~ ~- -.... or. Ir ,. . _ ' 1 ' J o o t > . ( ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' r.. . . _I>.".

~1.bI~ ., -",nod oJl7 ...-.I______ - -I--

lQlL

_ . " r * ! I "uli"J":'D~.b!r1 t boo :0

~n b<r._

e . . . " " "i\·~dh!I--

T o to I _ . . . 0 -, -+__JI---+-_..,.......-

TIIC opposition to III m i d i lv a l1 l~ cd 2 6 P . . .. .0 S .1 of which was 10t Pnd .1o( which were damaGed .,\.$ n I ' t ' : S t I l t o r I lle h ig h losses, th e JBpanl'S{)

ll .bru[ lUyt4.'mlinlltcd their r ln yl ig b l. b am b U Ip ro grn m ill h in 8. T hC l'e arC O f,d urin g t ho b ala ncor 1 9H , (h ~y l " I tt 8 cked I I I l I ig b~ i n snul:ller numbersbu t , . - . i t h S : l " ce .t c r rr e qu{ , lI c y . I ~ \ ck i l! g BlIl~aif(lmrt

ilrl,iJl~n' l ind night Iighk'l'8, tho Feurteenth Air

F o r e o ~mp !o y cd c \a y li g h tt 'r si n lin a ttem pt tobreak up Ihose atraeks, nly ral1ll~' w('l'eChc

do y fig hters, suo fu l \l 'h {'o u sed fit. nigbt-blllI h o J I lP . ,m ( l . _ -« l bombing WI!" , u o t ! lo cu m l! ) lind ~l!l~

I-ively Ilttle ( In :I l I IlS ' ' w as done.

67

b. & # : m / J a ir a lt ll d: on F(Jllrll "t h 1ir FoT( , ( 6as t ~ ,J94-4-45.- n('lny 'lir Irx'n(:lh, lh(lollrt('('t\(h ir F nt

a ll (inn"" .uninhli.nrd IlSCt ' ndrncy ill th orc of il'~pc ' t1 llio l\, ,\S ,w . ! l t' . \c \ . .l by I II followinl!: I bills·

. II of 1.lIt I l il t- of ~o\ lntl 'Nli r force OlX'Nl l i 1ll'.

I 1(' II 'Iq for (IIC', ( , hums III' UI05eIl ( I g ( ) n~ml1 '

II I IIII' nir fOI'Ce '" aud (1,1"0 sd fori h in FOllrttclutl

ir II'ore\! M('m r, ' ,l(luflI i il o. 56 25 , 21Mllrch

194;; , l tocl ll . .l t ti n repor t II Aun j \,

\1

r. I.n1I

.0 :":I

10 ", I,

I

IS m •N

:! ~~ III 7 6

oM

27 It} 0 3

III 6 I

II ID ~101 II I

U • ~." 11 •

wnrnillg net bnd h iC '\" I I II I ffi len v thn il

WI\ r~p IlI .. .I 10 IJr n lr rt .. .l \\ h 'lIC'v~r CnI.'JI\'J' l)I'Imb-

rib WI'f' \Innnin up. ,\( 'Cl.lnt 111'1 ft'JXlf ml'lmt.

'hill Amcriral\ d"f r iv' fightl' couldt ke IT0lilt' lnst I»-,ibll' 1110111 lit, thu ('I) IUI(II"\'i II ' prN'ioll

~~. A lIliough lilt' , 'n~m y' ulr:« JI I 'Ill swit 1 1 t o

l\1{lb\ alto . k m cl \ timing Ill' IWmti n;

wll l mol' d if fi cu lt, r pori oontim n I 10 hi:

I iel for 1I1.<'rtinS!:idd nd IIppl~'ing wh

tI ·f\· . ~ \ ('1,(. DVAilobl"The hin . \""rn1n~'11 lWIIiC Jikl'" import n t

iu u id in s: : 1 0 00 0 ln il ' < r c\ \. an d in n'ltLrnillJ; r o n w c l ·

.1?\~'1lcrew (ran\ r mete aT . Pi! L H. ing: inIlinA ~ r h fi l lim w ere Ililll''' 1I0t t '\ltst

",' lin I\'yin{: to 1 II Ihem;d,'~' " 'urn lo;l t,

sinee I h~ 8 L~ nC (' o f ) '( )n tl! \ om 1 m a] r lfllLd mo r

Ilnd th "III dupli tl II f r 11 olhcr I rrain

f i'n tu !' . \\'9 h op .- I _ Iy oonfu"in~, "I " 're • alm-I

1 1 1 1 ) ' 1 1 ' 1 1 e re in hina, circling II Iw time 'l\ouldMIl'II t hin- ' I)()l I"iIr ( ll ld ChI ' pil 's lee r 11

would then b fUn\il hed him thr ugh he net.

'I'hn in mlillY Wfi)'lI tli(' net w ru o f incal cul ab le

v alu e t o th e n il' fo rc e itl, uriug nnel mninl>lininj: :

n i l' U l : le r io r ioy in hiM •. ~ 1 11 Q 1! l i oj I)l'fmtiofl .-..\n.ly~~ () f rolltbnl

opcmlions by FOllr\ , ( ' ( 'n ih .\iI' Fol ' (" () fighl(,1' air-

emfl durin !: lh month! .1u l)· 19 0 Ft"brllll",

I 5 . illch ~v e, re\ 'j' l!< lb. 1 - III l 15 pcreenlof all Inc{jealng-Iiler ttl n!pl1'!i('nl<?d ,ll'fpni'"

IllliroJ Iml I I I r ts , 10 JX'I' nllxoing C'OUIl' nnd iO perc : III . bombin DIlII 'lnrling missions.

1 borllbillS!: lind .nalin mi '011 .20 p <' 1T ' I' 1I 1 W ro

Il~im ..t milill ry lI'l1l(!t·. HI PCrcllhl l\~jJl>il .M»"

l)illj:, lUlIl40 P teen will" land tnm port. with

rh pe~1l16~ 1 ' 1 ' the III I. ill('rftl...~·ng to ov er 60

p ero cn l in 1 90 16 ., \ . i 1 1 1 ilidicll.lion \If th I)~i\ ' () n'(lu I i . ., , , in

~II m y oil' QPpo 'lion, rl lunlx>l" I'If ellemy llirerll(1

olll('Uulller('d .Iropp,cd (rolll t i O O i n .T lI l ." , 19-14 to !CHI

i n . • o\'('mh('r, nnd t 1) i ll " 'i 'h ru81 ') ' I . ,1&. Dur-

in j: lh e ('Illiro p('rio..t, Ix>IW n 90 1 ·roenl 1\11 o r . ;

1l<'r«>lIl Q{ {t\rjil'IIL !':Oft! were without i ll t t I'Cpo.

lion, an d ill ' I < ' n , \ I ( '1I~"'1UJ1l r, ,I pill" , h " .II'my·

Itl pere II nUl1wn 'III IIpcnonl~·. II I flH! OJ

'll<'IllY piliI' d 'u oyl'd w !l" to 1 ill r !l v l' lr o r

Ih "·ourlN.mlll Air rO'T\'I',01 :1(14 fi~ht('r I\i~",{t 1 0 > 1 1 011 1 1 \ 1 . 1 In' lons,

. 1 ' 1 p<"r o cl ll w e re I t (1)C tionnlly, 1 2 1 ) ( ,I 'C e li t I I I

i 'llell\,\' tlir <lrlil)II, 32 percell t to groulltl lirt', (Inc!1 2 I IC , 'n l 10 \lllklll)\\,11 111",(", 11 nil o r h _.

I llilol I I U I U i I I eMi t 110 pc nt,

69

Section VIII

TRAT.EGIC IR OPERATIO

70

SO' f.. .m t. ~ a . . ~ ~ ~I

SUbloul •••••••

,, ~C I.,. . ., .1 1 1 1 ' .. , ..~""btr .Ocl_ .

N o , . . m ' t ; ( o r • . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . .

brt .

SO~ .

''1'- ." . b o m l , . . . . . . . .:.JJt 1 & , . . • .

j : : : : . : : ' : :: : : : : . . : : : : :: : : : : : ' :Au 1.4~~ •••••• 4 •••• '. •••

$PI<'IIIt.... . .0.. .No,.".brr a .. .. .. .• •• •.. ..D l ' < w - m b r t

S u ' - al . . .

b~ ..

T«.olI')4

. ,' tbrough

71

l ' 8 i 1 r o ! l d f or l af lr l. 1 ,;roll' 1110\'/llt'uls of "m y sod.

This Wll~ fI,"'(Jrnpli~Il('(1 11il l l tI l im i te <! Q ;u dn y o f

o.i r 1}()\Il't. "0 ' 1 1 . ' 3 I')" ho m bl' r 11 ' 1 i :~ i~ u " W l ' rl 1l10lm lifter XowmlK>r lOB { I I l ,1 IIII1rt'hllhngpn1(ls

a m I ~ im illi t in.qtnlhlliol\s IVC~ I n rg t 'l y i guo ,, " '( I :

[1Ii l1 '! : 1 1 ; , t i, h l (, l 'S a l ld ml..J i l iDl liomilc"", 'Omlurtl ' l: l

. 1 f J rog r iH l I l I im( ' (1 alm""t '~lIli l' !(' t\' ilt~~idgt an dI IJ('(lrno I in, IlIfgl'b, n wa s It prl'l 'I~IOIi 1 . : 1 kaime.1 lit II lI ' l' l : imum ' rt luml'> fo.f' I I millil l1 l1 l11

Mp4'n<li tuh"

Tho Heel of th o alt8cks W,IS 1 1 1 1 0 ( 0 1 , 1 . .\1 nolim Bilt' t ,JlIp:m~ foroo ill luna I 1 m l Judo-

ch in ' ba d bN -n linked wa s it p nsi lJ le fo r till'

! '" l' m \' I II U ~ t h t > nntth~nllmlo--Cllimirailroadslomo·\"O npplies 1 11 11 1 j ui pl l l, m t i l l \ ;I) lum~, : ' - . J O I ' ( '

impe r t e n t , (M.'rh llp~. H I ( > ""l'I)nil' llisrllptioll o f

< " O m m u n i C A t i o n s i n northenllndo'("lillll mu s t h ll v( \

! .t ee n s c o ns id e ra b le , lctcrl1ll1tto.OrlY ,JdjJ8f1('$(I

p lA ll fo rnN:O!~Tt lc l in j !! 11 Imnsport roUk! th roughlit newly OOtrll l lCl '<1dCf Jn idn r in hill£l.

h. T I l' ro i/ r rJ l Jd y.,ttnl in / m 1 o - - - C M n G . · -I 1I0rtll-I'm Indo-CltiJlrIi m il liull e.u(!:nf! ill {emr d:irediollsfr om lh o:>tm b c ity o f H alloi, o . fo llo ws:

(1/ Om' lille nm~ no n I m l - I fr om l In no i ttl

X «d lM i . . T h is 'i ll wouldhnve lillk('d Ihl : lChh l l ll1IiIM'~Y. h 1 ! O ~ 1it b N n ( 'o r np l et {' (j ', w jth I llI ! Honoito . iIJgOlJ l.lne,

( 2) . Al lo t h pr lin ru II:; from H nlloi n o rlll\\ ' '1 to

Laolcoy. TI14 l im·hrll] carl ip! : ' I r n l l · p o r l . ( > . r i phos..

pb8~(,S to t i l l .> ro3Sl turd, IIllPucd 110M hCt I i TOIIJ.'i1l1;I Irn..' I f l1 "

~) :\ HUrd lilll' n 'I 1. r f ro .1 Il l ia nG .i 1 0 Haiphong.TI I~~ ]lfIe ~r.'~ l i lUe U n tl ll !. di ol . P l Irp o: ; c l if t erdlinJIII ~l Ii", IJlllphong luuLer.

(-1) . Tlrl!- fOurth liul' r aI l I .0 71 l m i l ' trom J r . . i'1.0, .. ,' ", - ,.. r 01, , '_g t)n . a n" 1I1 1<('ilrnonl}' (0,. ... ill :..'0 II I&1I111 iniloehirul, .• flflru

A . II it lJ l( lI 1 I I I Jl ~j~tCfri(' W ' a k u o r I. _

r 'ay i(l. th e fal'! !tllll th~se ra i lways W C ; : '° I . ! , " I .O I I I ,mft t 1 1 0 « > ' I " " ' . . , , _ , it.Cf. ' III III 1t)lIl1ng COlllllric TI' ,.

nJnllllig IQ 111f) 'I' , . - Ie lJi(,.>;

II ill, 0"""'1'111°' .~llq.H),rdl:'r 11811/10 CUl!lIrcti'Oli,~ ... ... ral mll!. ....1 ' 1 · C '"

i f , r o n tQ t l J o w (·Ibp . IIll 1 I 1 l a . Frolll

~Immlinst th " line MM~I ~~ 1\ r " P o r . ) '10 l I li l ~" ,wan . :1 . 1 1 I I I'('!;ui' II -. JOIIl5 I J(I Thadond Illil.

", I~IX' could be I d' ,(']'1II1lJ;:1'lf tnilr""lIl f~,' ... I I ) U't 'rt 'l ltcr.

11 /J1 )mel l~or 'Jppl' ' 1II.S (I 1l0TrlmJ prnclice or ko . - .. tl:S, I)lt let· ·'1 1 ' ' I 'J m~t 1iI1l(l ~II...: cJ"1" 1 1 . 11 ) I I !! : .· l l cn ir . . . . 'ur I I! k . , . e . ' . IIllI ',." Il'I l lie' '(ld e or .. ..o C ( )m r mm il :l ni on ('V"II tI' _ I '. c! ' 'Un lil l( 'Sr ,., . " II' t Irtn"litul .....' •.'ijO . IIPI)]]lg m 1l~"'r '!'Juijlml' lI~ II - ._N <- IUI~yp ar t C ( 'u S( !d t A l ~ ~ , u II ror I h o ' " \us t

72

Atldedlo t h o f o. cl or of I lhy ielll i!l( lilli" ..... .... . . '.,I nd o- h in u's 'Ilek of hefll~y indlistrio' l r 1 t t o e A ~1I~116 o~ tI~(I.r'!:.lIlIIlJ8 ~I hn.dg nlhllika, hy

fll i li li~:!. T ills no l, ou br prolri:bik' il ' th . '1l'6nd I me s, . '" g n (II .l b~lo'\.. . 0 .. 'I . f% rtII J 'ill 1I ,ra ( 'ha m ,- 1, rom Z9 ' . Ja uu ar y i lm :m 'hlion or I1ll11' ml wily t!(IIIIVlUllnt, bU,1 II~ I han!)I.. . . r· '\ d u· -, I

r f ll~ped 'l h " . .ruPtI.ir of d l l . I I I I _ ~ . w d iI.ltlt.!I""ttiOIJ~ 3 1 Ma)T t h i .~ I S I> ( ;I IO ~ 0 r rm rolll, ~ \\ls)" !,('l•. ~

,. r I ~ - _. I... LODe bn{ gu 011~ '0. · OjJ{'tB 1011, an( 0 ~\\ 0Imrlgo II.Il!lIlS., .0.1' o.' l :nmp 0, IlPPIHltllllly Wtl~ ~ .. '.,'. ,. J" .,'U ftl j' l Ir S O O-fooL 0

811

CftllI 1·1· Id ('I' bptlg"'s .IIL !II . "" _'.. .' .. '

IUIC.OOu~C U! n, 0 •.. ~~un, .' b ri dg o h ad not ht'ellrcpaircd bylhc end o[ }.[ny,

T Il t! I ud o- ' hm o. n ul ro nd s wON·mh0f.( 'J l l lr J J ;' (, bn r tl ry unci ill ) , 1 im)h long-ICI·.m do:nlilg(' WI

ill C!rl)iloi~.. 1\]'1w "ro of IU(>lor gnu{,'C; !I;~. • I~rl'd 01 1 ~WO l 'nilj.pt' rlJiI-highwl.\y SIf1IClllfeS,

s ro e k a nd " oo om o ti .w 'S WO I' of l ig h tC :O I lB I ! nr :: di ug nl o .J2j-(ooL LillX'c- lJp?ll.bri.llgoo.L Ph u

lind. in pinel'S stelll) ~rud('.;, prC\'()lllL>(' fu n ~lI l1g , , '! luoug, which , - I ' £ I S II(!~'IIS :c.I~nlligcd on..i

lo:ullllg: .. l 'r c\l ft lr , I '$ h m ut cs P ll t till! lrei~ } .I nr eh " T h ll il ho to nndoncu IS dl,fll:ulc '11~l r~mJl11ci.~ ofl hI) 1 11 1.lm portant H unoi • ' igOH b l:l ~ .l R ro h t hr ou gh 31;\Iay I~!N ,wmlmlul!ol!

1 1 1 > 1 S"lim 1,500,000 tons 1 ) ( 1 [ ' )IN!t. O Ih lt b ri d J : tC 3 n L 20-. : 3 0 . , f in d . gO · fm l a i n te rv al s [ r o m

Wl' rl ! m i ce ! lit m u c h io\VI'P fi#!'urc·, S i n ( r e , J a j l l . H,IT\o i \VOl'{\' t-at'llily lllro\('SS ,. .

()c(!UPHlioll, ill]jllfilcil'll~ maintollanco pia; T /a rl oi t o LaokfJy.-On til! hn .~, Ih,,!.orl"!l~r. t(lumuloli \ 'c effects of IKlInb clO1l1U!ro Im d iltt r o o l r n il -h i ~hw i lY b ri d g e j llSl e o . I llf , iet '1 ~ ste-

I ~.I ' I • • e . ··'·1 · 1 ..' 3 · ~ 1 1 1 ' 1 1 , . . . , WI'S' or 1I{lIIOI WilliI'(lIUr~'U .. III c'llTymg CBl1ll.c! 't,V, lion, appl'O)I;IITIlI c ." " .,." . . _ .•.. ' .., . . • •.... h i I tCT" 15 A pril U I'i.4, O n th at date,A m .u gm o f , o. \' ce ss m i. ll \'u )' c a rl ') ·i ng < " a p t U!~rdCtIl _cP

dI ' I. tr o ;\ I itchclls dropped

p r o b . , o b i} , 1,IO\'Cr c .'x iS I 4 'd i n I n do - 1.lu.lfI. , \ JOM lWO... I ,GOO.po tu l ')O.rnll)S b·ror"(III;' 1 · 1 -1 -10 h , ~ r iv e r bedI. .. .Z2-[00t. 811!1I1$ llC I.. ... , .. , •,ul.'CdllliQ th o norlltQm part o r I h e oonnllj LlI(I ; . t'~....•.•ll f il l} ' l inU ' thel' !( 'sHu,I d ' , - " ' . ' . I · , . . Xo rullflll'S w e ro I ll A" m p ~'U ' , .... .-OO.(wIOllmc

y. !lril.~. (CPulI( ..nt to .somu. I JJ , .' t JIj'pIDlla--Likfl Oil ' Hllnoj.L.a.ckll.\~

upon m iJ d i s u . i ' lm! iO I l . f lldlit. ie '. t . l l e ,J .Jr ..I

.·I . I IW , , ' ,OJ' 'I~l ItJid ' n o t r q ui re e om in ue us ill~

c ou l'l n ot d" I' _m. IlU r o! l( ·, • 11 111(,... ... 1 ''''5. l ...~ lice O~.nltlry OOllllllOII{;.\, t l lWl: ,r·. l bombi l~g(JU, j lck f l i, , "t l iML I IIi 1,2-. •

fo\'or 01 m~ l i tn r y 1 l l 01 'O I lWl l ls o l\CC IHo l d,r ~ \ 1 0 1 1 :1_1~ihWi1Y brid ge nea r Ifni Duougon 12

0,( og(,'nw8Img ,U l tdrOOf~"criliclll e cO l lom i ~ " ~ e l) :; I (' :f ! l4 4 'sllvcre!y d l lmagcd tW?~I)l\n6 l ind!

1 1 0 1 . 1 . 't . . ll' I in tlio rh'er, On 1 2 i I. fn l' (l h 1 9 ,1 5 bolh'I· tl . I "I·' '.. p l i l . fI lin . I...I '. -hUll-t~c .IOlJg I 00 011II! , lughl\"&)ls, rl\'~nwI.V9, a 91mll' of II I . ncarby ng liAng urllge \let'. "

n nt ll l1 0 ( :( Jlls ta l s hip pin g ,I nn es w er e .o l'o il.b I a gl Jll . By I h. en d. of ? lla y l~ ~ro Will' yet. no I'U-

t I 'O.JIlp8I1l 'Sl! u ~ t ll tl mm t v t ro l lSI} () rL rou t~,. llenco o f . • ll pnn ""o rcpair lle~nTIt.)~ . .' II ofwerl l ffl!C o fs cr lo l~ s h or te om i ll g s ~ ll il rl) ly h ili ! l lfJl lQ i ./0 Yell Xuan .-1 ' lus 20o·mllos<eiI0 _I

usu(ulu~. IIUl' HU! l ll i . ..m igo l i l i ne W!lS 1 1 v er 0 1" 11 til lbroug1t

. ' ' f l ' ' ' . . • • . • . . . . 1 'I 10 JnnUor\' Ihroug1C,IIt. mt rlilC'411'1n j ll '( )( fro.mam/ resul ts fI j OI'N ' \lhon (lllr .mg t 10 ;])cno( ... . .• k'i. pro\' ides

af.illdu. (!.rl llu-Ch il la .r(lilroudIilJ- '01'1idl' l ' lI t i OJ I ~ 3l 1 1;u) '. Th cfin ll brld gc to 1 )1 )sl lac IN, c I" ielllilt 'U b I' . .. ,. 'tl I I' lory o f 1 1 1 0 p ro .~ . em \1.... Jt 11'1 C Inlll ... I l rimo r il . . .. to 11 i (' I ) t! r io d J a I r" r il l 1 1 111,~'llIU, caM ) "U~ . . ..... I h ( O : S t ! monlh'.

lhrouglJ ..\[ay 19015, . ' irnilarly tl.r(; tlll'gl'l" eonfl'Onk",1~h c JUj) llncso tbrouglL~UI I~ . ~piln of

co. 11lIid ItCtl itllX'S._riot 'die til" I :R~III""~""' l Io rl ir ( ~ Ou !l) JonlliU'Y D~26 ,lllnlllJ!'~ · , 1 . Ie oon , . . .. ~ ; e · lIl'llr(I b' - " .. ·. · u, ~ ·1· ) -I '1 h t<' IWHY IrlO.,"

III ndgc litYell XII'811 (J'ust bl'low\,inh 011 11(' tlir 'c-sprl'n I O A'U nll • eo , n .. 2iFeb-rill o· • I' - m 11 'I ' nil '] "...· ' IU t o f U nuO l. ~•. ~l l~:11I~OIl 111(,) tot hu hi l ln bONier, I. 8 - fllng-" "u' nil I .'S "" . . :. d. l~l Wll'; prompll~'Um~til:ho~s. while arhit rOIj', OOI'l'lll:ljlOnd 10 ' runty tlU} I)in~bllt! b("\! mis c . . ,II WOOd';' lI lro>lllc11111111( O rl ud l Iu d 1 l~ f1 o f nttllck. dli~lllgrtl iIg'II:!Il, Ot~. I J 1. .l lr l\ n , Ib(,8pml WiIS

(I) R '/ ...•. . "" wlIluh hnd lwul1 b Ui ll . t o, l1!plnc~. ...•.. •'9 r ~:,rood lm,[y ,. - 1 'l l t, W r .r il i. 1 Io f 11111."~ tlt ' lI lroY~1 nepni~ I\'\'ro ' \ ' 0 1 1 l Iu ,l er w n) 1 \ 111

! .IUI ,\ :.u by l lUrilerou 9tl '<' lI.hi s mul ri\rt!I 'S , (/ ~I"".' ··1 .. . L . .jlilll wall .donlllgetO!lft.In" lin I1bulld f· , .~. \I'''('n l 1(1 cen ('r ~ d ' . 8l11>lDpliln il d ir . . tI Bllell o· suihlblu hdd~e tlilltC1 I... I:lIor".. 1 '1 I 010! l or 2 ;V£I})' Ilholl'c' rllllnl~ \1 . WI.rliil·~0l)~: ' ·1.'fJll(>lIdijl.I.~.·yor fill' F.rellch to ro~~. oontil.lIlU,p I m ~ I ll ' Ihi,s, t,illlU n I,ypn'~ fl go- . u .ng, IW.lly 1'i'\'C :1 ' .• .. ; I "",,,. , ..,., . .d uol purpO S(: tn~ '. .• r o r o . m gs fll'8l11 . ~ a l S (j h c mg ('ollS lrllC t.l:d... ..' ... ;1.W\'I'{l hl.(I'nly101'" N.r fl' I' . I 'go . rh~ fUCIoI'S,. pll! . III R c br un lj' . . tw o mort ' budgt., I' O n 'Ii~ I If' ,U)ICnormllilv 'I ,. lfltttlll., . - ., "y. Xm 'l ll lIIe, ...

IlII! m Ajor -'. fF · · . '. I '( "q m rc c , lIe' .' Ir ulll lmgud onl ho 11 11110 1- - ell • : ~ IIn.1 lll1-

rotherth II II' ( ' OJ"LW ou ld I }o cli:l'tlot('d nt bl1! , F bnm 'T 1 10lnb h its t l e m o l i > Iw d 1\ pili .

!In ilL YUl'dlf, s hO I lS II I Jd . r oU i l lg s l D C k ,

~Iroyed twe SIIJl 'l~ {If III l ' 1,:rI I).f oo l ~ tl'( ·1 e r e h

hridgelll Y,'II XUlI I I , '\0 rppllin. w"rc \·j..il,l.· to

I . A pr il , d'U()r}1 IhI ' IIIIt I I Ji ,O I Il eever, M!IO Oil

21 I-'cbml lrv I II ., &In 'hl l !-.1i<l, lh·b ri ll ", ·, 1 0 ,1 '; ,

m il ; ; ;oU l '; o f I lauoi, \ I llS N ' lu l l' [<": ] un-s-rvieeable

for lin ..duraliu" of Ihe war ,

O n ,7 March , j.'ou rti'l'nth ~ \ir F orc e ooml~ , r s

d ru ll il go o 3 n nd I ~i hl y .jb ri ll !: ' " tw "r II",i-mil,·I I C ( ' l i o n of lilt> milroll'l. Till' tbl'(- oonfirmed us

. . Dm a ll :~ .! lb yi !l I( .r pl )o tO . l . .. t·f( .lTIa.jormi1-highwayhrillg~ ,all ·o f whieh '~('ro still l l . : ' r l t N o 01''' . \ I n y .

Afl. ( 'r lh i~ din" lIul!ck, Ilwl'I·fo~,·, no r,cw r than

si... 10 rg v II r i t ! b . . .· ~ W;'I'\' n o IIo p e ra Ionul,

'lhe Do Cnm l 'Omhin a l i o n hritl~e. 17.1 mill '"

: . < Q u i l t . 01 H a n o i , \\8... , IMllIg l-d 01 1 2 . } '1 ~ l I . . • 1. . 1 . 0 -

Iftck~ 011 .~ April ,lilt! :o.fllY ke pt 1 I1 1~ bnflj.!{'

!m!ICl"I 'ic~h'" , IlL \~.t 10 mid-~fl.l.\ · '

')'0 eomple te lill' li~ l. Ih.';OO·fool mil- :h i.G:"wft[

bridge lit Plru X Uf : " t 'l I , 2Z mi1{'~.,,()lIth of U"llOI,

'1 '118 t ! i 1 m t l g : l ' ( /' on 3 prll, R~lll1lf1!ihm 1 not IH,"II

romplelod Oil:! ,\Ioy, _

In Sllfllffill.r,\ ', it Ill!!.)' be "",it! that Il,' no I~m'

uil(!f' 10' .lslIuary " ' I l l ' Uliilil(.rtupl.:d Imffic ~Ihli'

over till' H anoi to Y ( 'u X UII!I :;<'('1Ion o f t he r nd ro ,n ,llind high\\'l:\,I'. By theend of f'rbrlllu'y 3 majo r

, ,-. -. , . ,~~ "OW'I and from ,j~11\! 't '.h to I.hI'. ~n"nl8 \\~. u ., -, _ 'Iof : o . i l . t \ y I bctWc-t1i ,'j, .mlg brlt.lg.:. g il p " c xu > Ii "l l ,

. , J . fK f J lt lo f i (Jfld " " ll it l! l . .Iork,· Wl"m Ih.c

J (-) " OC<'lIpk-d [ lillo-ChillS ill HHn. loi~ll nlll, I lP ~~ _1 l • ""n "I t.... uf ttpp. roxillllltely 2.- .10 Ioro-.eqU1PIlWII~ v ~ . . . . - . _:. I3 '.00 Ircii!"h\ . I l .nd I l I .! -"....1 J : : . :o r \ , , 1 1 .n< .

mot lVI'S dill ,.... . I ·f . . ts 1111

I ll ' 1 1 ) 4 5 , !lorlflal W''&f" S _lorlng~ 0 _ IllU • . :• , ·ll"~k 11,1<1poobahly rl'l:llIc\~1

I ' due to a ir" m .. - "

0 .. "" '" "' . .. - , t 1 . ' -1 ;1 . \ 'l!)O I oc '(lm oliI ' . ! Iud 3 .0 00II U I J P \'0 lluv· ~ , ,

_Ill. P ~umll.bh,11J(l"i~lribulion,or the:lc "8nl'lUS, - n,.. I'~ but il i. s lik.,ly IhoLf~:t'r l imnwilh l'l.'qulrcm('11 ~. • -,. __ ' ._. b"1 of Iii" 10000!Iloll\'~ !Iud tl\,n; \H IV IiO,,",

Mel'I'. J~O(t0l1 to till' r ai ln 'a ll ~ n or th o f Villh,m i l ~ i , t!. I' k~ c d J ' l > w ..ro

.'.... 'II fo r orri l~IOlUll . ..ntnlJ,g lI.t t1Q " .

F .M ltj '. . I ill~ I llp I ' riod .I ,1 11 11 ary I hro ug. hliCIt II 1"'.1'(( 01. \ IIr . " "·IOI,,,.,'l)r \Il'~ ullal 'ked

O !> J.oO~'(IDI I:I·I'~., w, . , ')1;8)'" 1 ·1 . . . -1 '1\' ill IlII ",rorl t o im l li ob il !l .o

wllh~11l11 r~~IIl~ ' : I ; V ( ' ( ! I I u n" "' rv jl '( 'l Ib lu b ri dg . .. .

intl:.I\ 'idult l un~ ~ . 'I I'. 1'11<111011 llid. 1I0t ,lI.'J'mil\J I . hlo"'~II(':ll III . d' I , O llg . e". . ,,- 10<'omOli\ '~ 1\<1'tl t l im.I . , .. . i i l : ( lf ul !<1"'t'llS, .. , . ... \ '1 ', l Il ) nl.. .I' III.lllUmr" IbrollS;b ,pn"_li.1 '1\" tn! mOl .• '" ..B",~~uUfl... j. , (),ltl"I\,]th rnorl! frequ{'lllI ill...lu Hum· I ' " ,. ". I

Iu I W Ii .Ii' .,.. ., 31 ) loo.lIll0liYCS WC tll l n l1 l-. lilt · , l l i t hi. 1(1I II -.

t'lIrill"'..· .. '. I .....t'l~hR11 l,),e\'OIIW ~N{>' IIII Ilv till" lUlUI II,,, - .,

II!,~'(' • -- . Iit w n~ m ' OOl >SU t) ' t o .IHUpI l u , l n o r t !I"nl IIrNl tlllt. . • .

H

P::~Hl'l'~~t on oJ~l:1!Ilillg pt'N'JIIJlpl ••Japan0101111 al iVllff'11gSI.lll'd d'llt Ihl' Ilen'i' train I\~

very J,')'lIlIl. .\1 lirn~ th e l1~iIllN'n< \\ G u M IIOL

I\'pOt i 0 11 I imo Of 1Iot hollo' uilU 1 1 1 1 , . .. .41h IJIII

rt'<iU' I l~ ll1 l1 t ';w t'd II I ,, ,, 1 8 1 .' Y .' {1 l in d I he n' 'l\'H..~

1 ~ {' <I ul 'n ~ co nl u i O ll ll lo ll g I h t' lint'. .U l I IUt'Jllpl 10

g1~'(! Nlb'1IL1't'~ more ,1'lJrily by protl'el i I I , ! . ! cab"with ("" 'ment ,011lin- iap n fld . itk h a d l il tl " 1'11'N'I-

II uuack" w(fi) ll~-.Jally.from ti'l' rUf,lIgtlUl<l wh i c hUI(!f{> 1I '1lB

n o t lc f ~ ns e .L1 , ' 0 1 , !a"4I1'f1N 01 III<' Tokyo G 'J1l'rai .1 ff

!!tnll"t:l. f!..~N . an ki ng ,. " A ll yOll ha d to do \\-aiI ny over

Ih e T! mpn, ne t drol) M \ 't h in J :. I In ,1 B l Il h workl''''

w ou ld ru n a\\~\.v,"

HOwl \ \ · . . .r, ull J!lpall~ itlt('rrogulcd ~In....... .dllll'

obviou. 10.('1 fLBt tllO (,I~m"nt o r inw"dil"l ion WI'!\l

inwgm.t t 'd nnd cuUlu la l in , in dTC( ' l . The drop in

t hl ' ~ pl ld ti l'! < · 0 1tilt' liflt WIl.51101 t J l f . ~ f\"uI .l of O I l Y

o nl' ty po 0r op~r n l io n ,or ri _ o f O ,l H'm t iO l! • bu l.cameabout.through 11m~1'1I('l'llllo""'f'rill!l: I'll o . . . r-011 d IIc iN ley NS ultillg [rom eem pound lng of

d im clllti~ in Ii ligluly inltgnltl'd lra .ruporlalion

sy>iICln,

b. Opu(JwmOJ1lli""'i IlKtJw"itt ,-

The mi'S!onof inqlliry into nerrh hill!! !o l lov r i ng , ', 1 . . .111) 'di d

no t d oi er mi ne I hl' exa c t num ber of locomotive"dcsiroyoo"-lis theterm b .ubjo.'cl to mlsiruerpre-

IlIl ion. Tllo m ii ion, rather, a..~mbll'(IJl!lpilm '

do.tn on U C ; C C $ 9 l u i U « 8 1 " 1 . : . . , on l ee om o ti ve s w h ic b

Ndered IIII'm UIl. r\' ie na l!I t'fo r " Jll' r i011Q r I unc,

!lud l IuuiV?..x1 Ih ' "[rel in t !' llmo n .- d uc l ieu,

In Ih; dil'l.'t'Livl' '.!~'II by dill Foul' t" l'ntb J .i r

) I'o J'C ~ i n ) ll 'l ll ol 'i lu d um 5 5- 25 , it w as preseribedIh : l t oult IOCOUlI)li\ws could be c Lninn 'd I I tie-

s tr o " . .. . wbicll were :II;1 II11 ' « l11 , rb) en e O. _ : .oo.poul > ll o . 1 I1 I: . : rr bomb,S!;eu to . ( > . ; r p I o d e .,,11nIl1 t i ff diU InC ~ ... .. _ull of an

al t & o : : k & l i d ft'I:OW!'ry troprobo.bk.

nOW(l\'~r". Lhl'l\l is 110dou !J j w l1 J lt~ \ '( l r tllIl,' mnnylocomolj\'W! 1101 t ot ll ,v < I t, ,, tr oY<l I. ! III mnuliine-gun

n tt6 Ck " w ere ""riou';!y diUlUlgl'li, ThcJ~pSTI c '

f l li l ll '8 \ ' o f l I c io I" III l'l'ip iH g sta te d th ol tlu nn !! th e

. rioi lrom .\.priJ IhroLlgll ,July J9 ' I S thc~1 ) WN7t'

rOf i3 suee ·~rula t tf lck.~ I l f! ' ll . iJ l Q L I OOO I ll O l l\ " O ; :; . ou

1 11 0 north h ilili l u l t < ; O !i.lon~,·rtll't th o n: tl.ll~

Welt' c;o.: t! 'emoly s.eriOUh 10 their It'ilhsporl 1.'C!Ollo!ny

', 'I · ·~ I b" (ii' f o l l o l \ 1 1 1 l > d!lll\ b>otlll.'fO'd I .romt" ll\·K1)nC(~ ". ,....('.' ..

lilt) .TflPIlIIC'Sl' by till) 1m", ion o. IIifjIIIr) ." .... ,

. A s or i-I AUj: (.I!H5, 0 1 I , 32 1 1~'OllIo ' t 1\1'_ (,l!I1"I~d

I . ". b )' ~ or!h Chit..ut RBiI\I~di).'S, ss p c . ' 'W.ll . 'l l l>1111011 IAIl. . . . .. , "d

, . . -' 1,' 01 1111 (hi ll .breedy 10 alf IlOUO!! anWlll'll nonoll'·'·.,·

. liT I rPI'JT'm \\l'!'t' oul for Mulinonn ( I!1011 ' • I"o)j ! t III of th ism o il lt '1 18 11 '8.' og aUL. .t nerm a - I ' I 1 1

..... Ill"" ,I\, attn s u t n I C('nh'2tlr\', th , . l " 'C"~ .ut'!ng '~'.

illdin't'ib' I ir suaek, .

n I h Kaifl'n' branch. two-thi rd . of. t i l \

r u ~ i W I . l> d looom oth ', w tre I he n l lonOp<lnlllOllul

lind till' brandt WiLl' opt.'nui~ wi~h: lIn:dy more

I h n perecut of il. 'nlilll nnnunum . .

Thl ' I II 'eNl "c f~" I1 1' I.' 0 11 111 .. , u til l' RI Plll~h~n

dur in ' 1 1 1 1 ' ,p ring of 1 .jW 8Q iO 1'1 '1 '\' II I o( us

1 0 < : III Ii". IlOnopcl"Stiollal .c. l : ; r . - i ! }M cYu"".-Th(l main po in ts o f iullll'(! L

{ ., 'l \th l'n >d b y t he ~ .\ .J Iil' dm iss i n lI ilb s po t to tho

fR ' i . . la l car situaticn rc ss (011 ws:

A \"4 illlbl I' rolling lock II' ' srnt~ly ufficiant

t WI'I beth th e I I mi1i18Ij' an d l'ivilioll ell'"

Dllllld>'l an d till ' roquirenu-n f tll(' Wilt (!oonom~'in I II I' h o m ' . l al ld ;

II II d Ix n II ~ Ij' I I J Ilm ) \ \' 2 . frej'!hl

(ro m ~ l an ch Uh a (o r Ih, · JIon8Jl "8(UPll ign

ill I .J. II Ji r II IIit' ll du.' .Jopml{·"C oollSitic l ' ( ' f l

qui t· ti;,( to!,) (rom rh... r a i lroad t raffic ,( nd -poilJt.

. I n . l~.i il ~:a~JllJl(l:o-..l b l e 1('1 mOI'ovl'ry h i { : ' h

pnon l.r m a I ' - ' 1 ' 1 1 1 1 fro m, (tln t:rh uria to h ina dUl'

I D.1 t rt g' of rolling ' o ; l o r k til e re nd in 1 Ofl'U.

T ilt! c olI ~lu io n~ liN> I lml il ] HilS Ih o rllil

lm n-po rlllli~ n jlu81 ~O U pro\'I'IItl'(l tlill JU II O) 1 •

fro",. 'Iuurh lna m J r ~1l111l3ig :n , \I hilll eV(iU '10

f \ ( 'I . I I \ ·~ 'ly 'ma ll IUl OrJL' l' Il i iOI l I I' ; I h ll ( 1 li bk i ol lg

( m pt '11 ~ dl'tJ IIJI'gd.r Ilrou'J. lurk 01 .uPP!i' .

' ! u d " I~'t'n po-. ibJ( ' Iii n LO (' rry ou t ai r O )l m -l io n, 1 I ~l 1b l 111l ' ( 'ol lg(", I( :dmiJ C('lIlers o r Uell 0 1\'

an d Pukoll (0 11 till' T . ." inpu l il ) l' ) 01 1 U II I I . >:-. ~ .• 1 (1 1 1 (' 11

CI ~PO " C ~I. IJ~ L\tIlC(1I1g un" insia llg (o n 1110

~ll"lgJlfln),III h lw ly tllllt tho f rl 'i g ll l c o r , i luotioll1I0uid han· hi 'orne' HCUt~ Ihlll II J. .• I I 1 . apm Hwo..... I \" 1)( ' (:11(8 . . .. . . . . .. l ' · III" ~... .

IJ I· , . Jl ., ...... I IC III up mol l 'PP) proh ] In III I he N nn kh lj ': t tu It .which rl (" M III miulh lIlI k • \ " II I l l . tl1 af('8

d n . . , n 011-., III.', J ig ' (,-('fll r• , pa'I' tWl ' At 1 0 ; I IF'

Ai r f'orc o . t' iJ . 'Y lie Ourt( 'cnlhil l lfJOl18Jlt ; : ; I : r I~~' ; n d t'l'poi: Ilflrl 1\'(0,." an

till' !twlIl""r or -Ililnbll I m ull lI ~rnc d 1 1 r · el n 'illS{~lll 'dull ' ( l loci.tir. '~0I0tl\'l. '1 '111.', ) ' W~l'I'

I· •. _ . '. . . PN lU lttm g. W h l'II! 'Y I'r I llto l• IOl 'il'U Si t cxCI'ptroJlullv I. . 0

J OOO l ll ot i\ '( '' ' i ll Ihi' , icil ;i , ••~ c.o~e(O)l ln:. I II of

iul ' 1 1 1 il'm bo,in' to 1 1 ' 1 1 ' . . I g lv cn h op, IIt o. I . II. IIIIHI\. I fJ t" 61 1 1 "

IMsl!, IIwhil~ II lrev; I .' Q I\'t,-; 8'J 'I , . • n· III hop, .lun \\"l'r' II IIIUIil)fO r (

Q IIU llck (In ho p

7 6

((t l li l i t ies throughout 1 94.1 ), bu t tllo O Il) . •

tnlh>d ntlll ks were thos again IT' ~ ~p: ir (,lll)U '11y by 32 locomoti« fiud 2:;' f re igh t

Ilhilll'flllong. a nd 'I ni, -unn , D Utll() I n t " k : , . (II , or 23:G 1)(!J'eI'll :1I~rl2~,O PO~~"I, k:S1'N'til'l'i,)',the campllign could not Ilf' pUl'Nul'(l O r o r till' I'JlIII'\. north hinn {nl}~c lt.\. .

.. II' planned •• O,Krtlltoll' (l9lLW I fillltOOY bl'It/OM. -')'hru ong lllB } .. ,.,. ~ . I I' < " •

'fh l' m id of 23 ~rarch 1945 by I he 'f'Iu.-lIuljor.w~lglal or llc ?Urh:cllih ,\~ Ffll ' t<r n.Hlrollc lIt" 1 'I I · ) . I I · Int~fd lC llO ll prog nllll III n o . r t l l ( 1 1 1 1 10 I . \' I I. d m - . c t e drl'd (lJ)( l'~lg" I }om) rr l ip Oil tiT . ~ . .

.., H I in Inufrollc l brid '(0. Th '(' 'tllu k We re ( '0 1 1-in will 'h 27 n-_~!id r pped ~3 1~1I of I In~I~> (1 1 I10 [1 ! ; till' I'inglmn miLro l ld (rom ,~hih-

11.101 '110I .uc o( '. s ful. In th is m ld !I l1'1l' tl~ 'I ""10 Houk II' 011 t he T ll n" IJU ( r " ' 1 1 1 .T . 1 t . I Ull' 1111\1.... . , "

the man s IOp~ 0 I }lllir ,OOO!?Olil rah'lIlUl to Ihe. uthern wrrnilltl .. 011 Ihc' J unghl l i

11 dueod I) perc l\ n~d t repiur (!'(lIght. -I of 'Iumgh icn, and on lh 'Iillc fr-orn\\'II<'1HlIlg79 ~rCQ llt..o cneus n~l IllllL \1"1$ Illh t wurd Liuehow. Aside from OI l ( ! i ll ll ) () r -

bud d I II e shop a nd th dnmng 1\ ta lll A ltu( 'k 011 the P l lgpu uri~(-, Ih(' T. inJlll was

I - perm on.l'll L . . fn't ' (rom nuaek b"CIHIA!' o f l og i. I i('lll l im i t l ll i o ns ,III t he ': Iu ds 01 1 l uh oh Jo ch uo ng ', th e k J m . Thl ' Lllllgliui um l th e SOIlIJI{'rn 'J'Ullgpll nor.

·It p . unfonunet Iy eseaped , thOIJgb Ih 'ma ll \ , W('ft. lim of 1()\\'-lruUk ('1Ij13ril'y: mor t ver,

sheds w " cntirdy d troy 'd ., A oonli~ Will : n'l'e!. enlv mino r rniliu ry nrca iln(l 111111

P ei pi ng m i lw n y Authori ti ,lI I ca pB C lity f 'uil' b ,I ring 011 tI ll ' g(ollt'ntl ,t r a I ~ ic It II,I c eo ne m i '

r ep air o f fr eig ht a I ' S w as r o d l ! " d bv 6 :2 ""otion in hinn, 'rile opera tion Il Hillel I J 1 I :

nd for minor J ' (!po.irs by 3 ij p cr cC \ ;t , 1 1 P i !l ~l ll lm , then, w ar th e only u ua ek s d ir co ct t'i l

d1pnC' i to )'fo r repair of p!t! nger eqrs w n n. + .pin til ma jo r trunk li ll( '. u nd w h ate ve r n IT '1 the

61 J) rcent. 1 h e i)!icity for r pair f J Q ( ( ) : air- intN'd ictioli pmgmm hnd. on lI~e O~'l'NI"

wa 1 I0t n lT"Otcd. 'M nt()riol ga th ered 81 !Delli), IIOSiLioll in occupied '~III~riv ed III rho

~hullng in dic ated th o.~ , in tho fi r oi d o li n from clnmflg~ d O Il( , 0 11 th i IIII~. .'1 9 «1 ). t ho c a pa ci ty of f h hops Was redu In I h ea r ly . tng ( 'S o C IIII ' cu .mp l l . l m , o nly .h ~~ t.

PCre<!llt. B y Juno lho~hop hod r~'OI·cn.j ~Iillld p iLOlogh1 l l h y . w~' fI. \ ·! lIl l lb l . f ro lO 1 I1 .1 I~ 1:

PCI'CCl1Lof normal Cf1POc iLy uud W r ( I i( 'n - t \ I ' ll impo i b l c to dlsllllj!;lU.h IIII ' .~Yllr of brulS~

to 50 P tMlll by (h m id o( 19 July. h O I Q g r u l > ! I C k I . }I'or (hi" .n!'llsol.' . Imllgpg w(tn:·. ,~

m id dle o( A u" u t.llu in pnr~ to now IIl1no It'CtCtI-II'I(]C f rom s lr ni {' g1C r~o;luon n ~IIQIlI1SI

Illnrhill t oo li ng _ b op s, tll \ ' \I' up t o 9 0 p )( I ru g lh , hll~ lh t'S ~oug brld g~~ 1 I~u:)II_\ LUn1~1

of pllcity. The ft r' II 'd in th{~e $ Pl' • rut 10 U, 00 ily f{·ptHhlbJ I I '~ ' 1 1£ 1 IY~ _. Lua,~I . I 'J J I -' '0,,· nltHudc phologmr1h ul'conw II"fl l). lb lo on d II• Ilrc I 0111 • IJ \"1\8 0 to!!tl of 96 B-24s,.' .... I b " f>'Ind j" P -I • I ' . f ,M.,1ec l id l li rg I'll' 'lion \\'11 moe! 011 I I 1 l ! i 1S~

.. ~.)II. (ropplIlg 249 lOllS., _.-, I ' ' .. I -m pl I ' IlKl "'1 I A I -"P(' o r Imd"(' ( ' lI Siru LIOIl. \\'It I ( II,'" )9. I) u· .:0 tOil of no III "'''' , 1E' , .' P Ill. • 1)14 cd on I he I hrough-, rll. ' I~·I){ ' . 1111" 11))911

bllr ~I U o l l ) dOl l l l l g l l lg "pIn'), 1 \ 1111 1I.J{·clnl

m« ( l p l . If III i l e . . 1 r('cord of .Vli d Ilir n llllCk~, . [l IId

j ~lfI1·C."I'.tlac~ Wel'u I l 1 l11l ho d agnlll:!! !h ~lhm h, .. mll,11 110 1 of lh ' Ilift Irorn.lolI' u nd ll ' ,

n O .I II - U Ul l \\'1(1

'I I·I' .ACf l ' . .

1 '1 'ro' • ~ ~ 10 r!lU to (lIh CII Tgol..!I ill . lmu. 1 . 9 . U to t h ro u gh . tr ll bS I ~ \' I' I. ') m g) lA ir of JO ooIllO l!,' , b o l h S l ll ll du rd l i nd . .. .. .1' 0 ' · m . . 1 ' ..

'ngl' w as I· '''v (I II. to relJIIII . .• ' r. ( uC ('d by 43 prill, t h 11 P 0" f Ll a mOo 'l l i gHi f i ' lmt fllol l('arul>(1 Ul

major rep I t r ' . . I· r C ~ - I' I.' . 0 r'lgu UJI 'S bJ ' 2 1 · . TI r p91Y . . . " wn'r . .Il l 'r O llt. 1 . , d . . . .1 1 ' ' III 'S 110 IIt'nnlltU'nt N'eOI1 Irll Ion'1 l l1 (,II th al thli d ('liue ill 'apnoilr lbN tt••Il·IJl 1 W llt'll. m ain brielgC" w(trc d ' 1 1 l 1 I 1 g 1 ' ( 1 .nllu('ks OJ tt . r'f iii " . I . 0'. . I 10 I l I l l l lcr hops I II h .1 II e li "" . .. 1V{'r. I)f l.tchcd 1111 011 II t l . ) l l1 l )1)r l1r) ' III '., r,

IIlBIIIUt> Wit 00 70 .. If·· .~". '\' IH~-11 '0 - I}uro(!ut over'lll . . tl1 l' dD lIlU~ \\'(1 11 lut) • V('ft" .• IlII "I1 ll'il:"n '. '',. I II 10101 CJIPllcily o r /1 /1 rrm jor .hop·~ 111 • W { buill. 'rh, milrolul <,omp:1l1_\ ' , , 1\\ '11) '

II tl.Ul10 II l l lku hc\'Y nnd light roPllil" il pi '111('<1OlnRkl thl) tUllllXll'llr,' r p ni l' tl [I nlllHll'nl,

tllo l\l~ wo~ . .. 'I! L. .. , . .k I IIl1 'te: " IHI (j\'orng o( 13 6 "or 1II0lh '1J'(It a !;(j mUll" hrill«,-!> worl:' bomg 111ll\( l 't.

C PIlCH." fo f . I· I ,.... . I d 1'1!01I-" r I'(:,lg II <'liN \\'1 0,11'1' monlt ..... s n I'('r Lim(' nOI' wor tho milt nil till P

Ilttn k On I I I d I ' 'rkI· I ' 19 lO p Ilt Tsillllll Tni I I l 1 n , : 1 1 1l l e ( I " n i l l l h l , f () r 1 1 I. .. .t•••~lle J '(W IlIT 1 1'0 .( : l UI • nu:uI" I · • • M ."

... rO( 1tu.(l(I, 011 Ill1 nVfllg', 1110 I

~ \~" III( ' · '!lP Ill( • pI n to JlIlI'V I ' Y - f J I.ridgt

b u i l t III 11!1I'01l1'1I o r lilt rk 011 n il bnd~1 'S 0\"'1'

10 0 I II " UI 'l \ i ll I t'U g :I Ia . Tlai phlll, like !>() mIlIIY

0 1 1 1 l ' 1 ' S . \\'0 nl'\ 't'r ftrri, ' .1 0111. ( h ll ' I lI rg .l,\" 10 I l I r k(If 1 I 1 ) I I l i l ' S l in d l ob o r

G, 'n"mlly I' ,t1kinn, 11('(' "dil", 10 I II I' . lnp: 111">1'.

aberu Il lp om ' wI,j hi of emftil: uld I'ms>. 0

Ii1" 1111;0:>ririg!'" II ma ill liri,~..bu I llll' P I ~I I" ~

r('(lu' -1 / by " J 1p r ox im Irl~' r.o P " "' nl Sunilnrly.

th· { ( oJ ll p ol 'u r y r e p, i" " tin m in "rid~( " Ih.t!ill If.lwillJ; (LoII'1I of (mUi(', r ~IIIN'(1 'Ir 'Iy (01.'10"',

oud ill m nl' 1 "8 • , I II Jl ulll y that of tIll' Y'llow

R iv er h ri dJ !I ', l '~ fu (' (l C 1 111(' u o ( ' f 'l l Ihp 1000omolin.

und tho nunihor oJ CIIJ'!' w in ch e ou ld II( ' U J i l ' iI .

II 11'8. IIrJirnwd " . I " Ihl' .}lIpan ."" III l ( 1\0 br''lIk~in Il "jng11. ' br idg IIPro III n- .lim ult t n·p irIhlln II illl(l<, hr. k ~ Ion. It the sum tlf till: two.

WIII'rl' th p h rillg . ill" II' \"I'h' 0 11 1, I t . . , rl'p'lir

pi'riod w ns two to Ih rel' lim ft_ Ion~ n, if th e

htillg luul nO I 1)1 '1 '[1 clo. Iy ('(Intij:.,'lIOU, In n

( '1 1 ' of this kirul, Ih· 1m ' hod w ru to D'rmhll'

InOlt'nlll (o r II .. . f > p ll ir o f bridg' nu mllC r tw uwh il e b ri cJ j: :' c IIl1mll\'r 0111' l in d n um ln -r thn . II' '1(

u nr l '1' n :opl l ir , so III l when one or l hl \! . wa s c om -" I e ll e d . l il t ' IIJIlI r i ll l f o r brillg· number 1\10 ~uld1.1(. '1110 \ ' ( 0 ( 1 ill imJlwc: iial ' lr . HOI\'C!I' r, oct:,I"IOI)-

n U y, b ri tl C 'S 011 or Ihn'I' 11'...... hit IUlddnma"~' t l II

• '< ' rulliml' be/oJ'(' Imdg,' 111 '0 ('ould I" , r,· , ~ ..l.

'rhl' . J I l I N I I I, ' I 'x p l' ri l' nc l od d iffic ult i. o f I,~I" .kmdnotnhl\' h (· tw ('C 'J I S hi h" hi ll cll Ul ln o lld :->msIlUlg.

'Pin: "",'Ill m uj tit:; of lilt' hridg' IIthl!'!;:' .011

th , ' rill;hall 1, ' (Or ' 1'Olll'l'nll'llh'(l in I he 2 ;;0 .n ull ....

of line b,'1w,'l'n , ' h il l . h i l tc l lU l: ln~l In~1 I ' ) ~Itl\l

Hh'(,r. Ih'T!', fo r r o lt > - id " n b l l' perwc l~ (tim,.

Il lre or moJ ' ( ' brif lg., '-"I1I(,1I""lIlIy would b, ou Ior Olwmlion. Th t · I . 'Ulml~Alil · ( , t· tr , ' t ' l o( Ih~ ,

I k - ' \ \ , ( , 1 1 iU lI ,lm .. I III lhl' ,I'll11.1C11111 1 .1.,III 11(' " I } • J "1 1 '

hI ' Ihr ;hibrhin hUl il ig Bur t' ,1 ll I 1 11 1 1 11 t 1(' ••J;IY Ill'! \\'1'1'11 I .i\ pnl !l1~11 I:~,\Uj;fU~t ihl'l'I/1111$,11£:Ih~ugh tmfli" I r ( l l1 l S l l I l Il ' Il I l IC l lI l I1 I l ' uth to. lh~

u '11 ' (j '7(I,w or 19pcrwill f.lh till'"Y t'lI(I\I' "I\' r It •

II I t u. r t li l ro 'l "~ 1 ) [ 1 \11~1I • inYl! lng ,mrl I'ni070lm~~\'"nl'" of I ,.11 1:1 "fill b nd J: ' ,

tlll'!'C \ltt" 1111..... . M •

k r In\' d uring (III ' lO ti elll)' (rom 1 • ".. ll ll ie . p L ' t •

w Au....l !til';. '1· I I. .,-- 'tlllT f ll ( '111 '111:11<1II , .. ., ~ I l' i l Ie

" ho · 1 1 . '1 1II '''I' • l't .r II('ipillJ,t hl'llrlq l Inrh 'I '" 01'( r I I' un )

t'uJl('.'rr~." 0 \ ' H i \','1' hrid!':I' whieh wa' 111;('; ,,.rull~·

til CII....J II linn nd' 'i!ich \\'11 ~ lI lp ll 'l t! ly O U I

nU I!k 11 il'd of H ilt lim e lro m to ~ful"( 'ho f I Il 1li ou f ur 1 \\ O · 1

7 7

t 23.\pril 1 94 5. 1 'h i~ fa t undotlb~ , ' t lIY .('~UI~t1COl ' the n'n' low(rulll I >: 0 ' dunng ih L pcnO l,

1 ' 1 ,, ) b r id g~ ' Willi c o n . . ' > i l l l ' r i ' d rh mO:;.1 impo r t tml

link in lit Jllp II{~' trtruoport tron : 1('111,

W 1um th brill 'W ' lit, it Wft$IIC'(' ';$lLry t o u se

til K I lUeD cut -ell and lb, ( .1 1 " h il i Roule over

h bungtl lO\\ b ri dl :' ~. T h · iO I of line\II r f Iw ('april,... . 1 1 1 0 . 1 l1lol't 'O\'ol'r the ~und.

n o ou t t ri p COrn umed mue b t in l l' . Tb e (, l Ipaclty of

III • h ull j: tn o\ \ b ric lj, !' w as 1,000 In- n dft' tl·~O O l O p 8 J " O O w ith 3 .0 00 fo r th e II I in bridgl '. ' \ ~ e l l

Ih hungmow brid·( \\I!o ur, no m I'll I t. n 300

(, IId" c ul d be f rri l ae s,

j. Rlli/~!J lrajJic.- !lid , ls or th e North h ina

Rllil" Il~$ liIll t J III I, in the prillg of I <15,

thl ' l ' "-qUal't 'r< of tlll-:H J > 4 . ' 1 ' t ' 'Ill drop from nom! I

ruil\HI)" C P lI t' it y, \ \ IIUI, ' t a ir 1111ck.

pe kin in Ill, m "~"11 ,fill terri l . (h .Jllpll-

II ,,,' tt'd th at in I S ih tta eks eu Ih c PinghnnIU lll " lue. ' lt p( \c i ly to thl' point w he re th e

I'i...-ing o illy 2$ P i: re.m l , it

requin-m eu . \\;hi J til 0" -r-all rqduct iOIl O rC Pilei I)' on the Tsinpl.l l'l-ult('(i in tho ;'-':llnkiJll::'

• h f tJ l~ b i3n.' , R'C j\'in.... I lly 0 0 p eree ut of theirn'-quin.ml'nt. .J.I thlluf!h pleus ( n o l r o tl u in -mo ll l s)

1 I J 1 I for II Ih'ory to I1Il' Wubnn iii! or 30,000-010, J t n., ft TI l nth . lit y 8 t Uf ll ~v rvc iv I be-

hI-I''II 1 5. 00 0 -. 10 ,0 0 0: o U lI d'U\'~ri Wl'r mom

ofIe II Tll'ftrrr 15,000 t ha n 3 0, 00 0 t Il~,

The normal rDJlllcilY of Cbr', IIlhl'n! Pi,l -h nn",0 ra t -d II 10 ,000 tOil,; 8 dl lY. i n r Ill! of

rr a lad: u t i o l l. t' r~ \ lI n ime rorrdilioru, I'hill

. '.1 'rni,'<l 10 1,000 Oil! II dft\" ,

w hic h ," ~I nll·nod Ilw n.-quiromt.nt ror milil8~

opt·rJt I Ib rn I-IOIIIUIand nth of I I nkew, Til:'.Jft Ill"'" Ioum ], how -v r. til this r uUOUl i t could

no t be mow ..1 Iml I lc lu l1 ll y I h ll il ' p lr m n( 'd I lgur\\8 2,000 ~o 3,000 n du)'.

,1 .11 P eU~. , hoI \ ' ' \ " , , 1 ' . Ih p . JO p lI ll _ :\Ii1it"Ccmmnm] Count! 'h ilt from April I r. ry, 1 I II J ' J to Ih eII( 0 I I' \ \ Ill' I I•If tly I l\ 'l 'm g ~ o f 4 1 hPi I - • 1(' UI 01'I ,tn} ;ln \\ I no m ol" 1 1 1 1 \ 1 1 1,000 on' 0 - ds vIhI > '''''rn loll' ('0 P ('i~)' thr W I . '

burdl'lI on L1 . T inpu lind th . Y :u~~ m~{(or1 ' 0 111 (1t o I l lIo f ikow IIJ n II d ~'Il r .$ I:C I l\'l'r

When , in . J o l l u l l o r v J .'j m ining 0;" Ie? )!) I'd, 11«1

I l l ' Y lI ng t7 A' 1 0 - tl'•. i ,i pp il l'" t il 'nl,] '?" c l C i $ « 1I 11' .... '1111llon' UI) . .p y. pm ) tm IJI .1.lollko"· fllld ulh' .h~n? lwcoll1 tntm a l iruil'e-d . 1111"111

I nor to April J 9'lr.. wi 11 li B J. b ,-. PIIII I' W

rnovUlg c tW(,{ ,1 I 2,0 00 nm l a 000 I ('ff'

, Otl "<l\llh 011

78

k al iR sb i, ~ I~ i r of stalT r tit north l l iun

. t P IpUlg:, . r t r U

judRll , II oper liOI o r I" ourteen hAir Fol't'Ol!LoJ c o'l -' ll h, IC d b o~ \n ro tl G O I II d 7 5 ['IQroelil o r Ou r 1T('el i .

' ;: ' \ Ionl ll MUlI,WlLhoul hli' for('e w e could ba\'

I lIoy""hu - w wi..ohed.

Wt timilled thlll ill ;lIllY HUl l 0111'0\'1" II r II~I

I 0 would bo rpdu~d to 00 I)t)rctlll or eur 0111111111110

1 1 1 1) ' 'C I lu ir em e n tJ .

lal mont nl rank ing hy Lt. I.

f .the Tokyo .en ml Infr is of

Iu ~P blY in g tro op ,in h nlnkow-Wllcb l lng "'t'll

III . ec om qu lio neM ·.

T " ~ : 'o Pl ln tftl I lh lll, in 'til re ha d be n

no r;,hlary oornbl l~ op tnl l ic l l tI ; in Nortb 'hinl,a~ta( O n looornohv IID d rollin .1 :k h .d uo

th r t e r r l on Ih m ilita ry 'Iuolinn 1111 ' .

llolt.:u 'J', ' ' ' t l J l'IIidlhal., r i l l a/roo Imliuly /'1 1 1 1 1

( J Ul j~ k Jr o m I II w in te r o j 1 ! ) 4 f IArou,A (II( flJi/o o n ,p n .n f j, um n a gr . ItW ,ullf«d III 1 1 , ( trW ,,' "/~

!)!Jfj(){JOO 11m (J 1/((11 on d lh i h n t f gTardy ~ji ,et"ltil j,. nlir: T _"ort,

\ \'h e n a ir opera t ions ' II ' " ' firsl dire I d • , .in..1loeemctiees , til . h p a n 'tirn.lt'!l tha t lill'

A lii d rlon Will 10 r edu III g ' n ra l ClIpal"ily of

olilill in h ins. Then , w hen in th e CllrI~'....nt '1'

o f 1 944 II I brid altarl-; pro:!NID b,.. ~m e lip-

p o rl 'n l , J lI o p8 1 1 , in t Ilig n ' int rpr ,( I Ih i as

d fillil' imlicalion o f f or li lf oi ll in g c o l ll il an di n <

Drfl\\;n II p.NlIl I from tho, Xorm8nrly I nd in -.

III Y we re ! .' \· 8 IuB l ed all 8 I m pt 10 inl reliCl

m ow mc nU l of troops I1l1d uppli to th e crili al

af of Iindin operations.

It. ic J l' :1 I r ( h a l F e ur t III A ir ( .' re( 'opcomtion

aga in t Ule railroad wer an im porttm l fllc lor inn!.nliering tb Jap n positi n in uth bm a

unt ab lo tbtoul!:b th e disruption 01 th eir m a iu

lin 01 sup ply. AI', mo\'rm ~nl .of .1 pen ,

I roops to til nc rth sn d inl o ~ Jl e ~ 8 1 1km ' . .. .turn ~D I

urea \T di!<rupt«i rh sr, I ' till' , Ta p 1 I l' N ', am u

of north h lua were riou!'ly oonlemplnun th e

m uch vuunted north hiua -:\( ~chuku I I l 5 . l t nd

a fle r ih trrrn d~ r o f t h h om !! ~I.n ds-, ~h~lrp!~n' ",m~ t hBI'O been 'riou.I~·ff('(ted by lb II" til bibt:10 1I10VO ( rool) . oorth nu d by III I to ·WUlll!)" of

1 94 5 ., \ir O l)c l'lliio n 1 11 50 pro f II Jld ly tT «lo o '? t'n lY

cff~rt (0 ':\llloil !heir c on qu ere d lc mto ry .

Fi r or a c tu li l IO IU l IgO m o ve d o ve r Ih ncrth~ I' r-nl It) I Ih " ,m u m! 'r o ( 1 9~ •-hmn III .... . k t I'

r Ib J I \ P . ' 1 1 1 100' ever t ,m~hOI \ " t h l lt R iO T _ bl h I" introd U

!Iltil \dl1t~r. !~~; '~~~~" ;:kl!.rrol;l )(IIJI( 'huria ,UI !oOOmO~I\ • o( t h l' l 'I . ). '1db l 't . {, nnd by JIIb~ ' U ll l'r o\ 'lu g m om I fl' .r in o" o f l It lin s, 10 built!, II('"fncre ~ 10k .

e r e • ng I". r Inlffi Rll ll ll ll lr 1 I I0 \" ed f romI bl' illllOIUl to. I • -I 0 00 0 00

up • . in 19 3 (0 II. b ig h o f 1 10 rno>~ I: ' .30.~.OOO ., I " k o r t he ir l \- :p l It lli l I I pro-(0)1, U1 J {l 4 .. . I , Ie IW d I' -I about I ( 1 0 0 , 0 0 0

9ol3 1(l l lnRg< (I(' I ll, '.. ,!;f'llm. hi I; '(nll droll b~u with th" .LOll :; . ' III ! 't il l en I • 1ft. Br 194';; he

" 0 00 0 0 0 101L~ III ..... ,of (l\'cr ... •

'9

so

Section IX. d r r o QVl'f hinn nl. wi'll-"ithin tho lim itft~

A.IR OPERATIONS AGAINST lliI?J.:~p: • n e f lheir lines of sUllply. ' l 'hoconliulloti.,,'1' [Ii!. 0, l·!'· ·iA Id· ·1 '·ARMY '>; kllli.on o r ltlr prt' ure on . 1 ( ,~ CX ",1 !l c . m es

pl b ' wllll th e only fflewr whlc l !oompowlded

I. l'haratl'tr ~! f f iahting tn l'Iiill(l. ~Uri!6! ~:liCU'llrobl 111 of th o .JIlJJllll~ to lIUl:point

h lu ntly . H it' h m ese ArnlY wus h o r l' f oo l( > (J . I I h~ )' fa il ed t o QC.t: IIJ)Y !1U~ lgkm ,g ,K W C J ~ : S l I g ,

nOllr i~jl l . . . . . i I I- -N ll Ii p l~N ' , J lo o r! , :; I f t ri ll vd , l i n' l\ullnling Dn d thuschm mlllo the I n uM e

b ad l,· le el , n nd poorb' o F g fl II h !. .e d . L t ,~ liol~td Oo\ 'efumcnl a nd oU org nui7.( 'd h in{ 'S (l

81nnr i Ill) '8p.llili~1 th e m oth ·rn .JuP iln"~ . ~ "Iilne ., rn no , o t h t ' 1 . ' Ull' ltlro (II \I'llf Jid lUI

Orin)" Chino's only indigenous prot<'Clion l fop:t ' [see til problem ,of inglc.hnlldcdly

(be size of 1 11 0co untry nm l la rk .of in it'" ", bling (].g.rounti arm y, 'rho m ajor cam pllignsrm mico:tiolls. h iun oollsis(cnU y 1 11 ld ed bri~ny.d cllit \l'ill.' in th ~lecccdi! lJg I ltll"Q"~l)h~,

t ime OJ; l Il o J lt . pi l. n cs o mi l it a ry Uloellillt 'l I t" r ll lg . c ampa i gn. {April-May 19-11J).--Jllpa-in lo h er \ ';Inl& ,' : ', lillc in hinn w('I'('slat;c { hir in g t ho fi~L

l I o n e l ' , til(' ( , 8 . p a b i ' l i t . y of the .l l lpml l "S iJ ' \ 1 1 1 " nlh~ o f H143. J O I )f t1 l w n s 1 1 J'C { lc c up i cd w ith d e-

mevcment in h inn wa s Iwmiwdchi . l ' £Iy byl ding: he r outer r i : l l g o f ba ses in t i l e _Pncilkand

ll nll ~n . I i Lc i,rPCllctl1 lt ion was lIecf'SS!lrii)' ~ D~lid(lling conquered ). r o l n y n nd B ur ro n. r n

ft 'wl';ncs(lf eomrnnni<' l1 : t i ( lu-lI lc \ ' beC l)ffil" . IIlJa l hinn, however, he did o r n m i L 50,000

Inl ' ( rct for a ir. .. :t o G O , O O O h -OO l l $ to lim itm l d riv es o.lollg th o

lose .air f ' O O J H ' m l , i o n willI. I h e: . h iue se gi l . 1 1 : 1 1 . £ R ivor west fro.m th o bn' '. in :Iho ~ ~1, I:~ '11,c

l ro oj 'l St hw \'l op ed \ 'c ry slowly. "fill' mallf iver bulge, A lthQ ugh the nbjeetive uuilnlly

18l lguo .gc ,poor ~t ltc of !'ra illin g' o r troops, II ~ared 1 :0 be tho c n.p illtlc it.y , .hung~ug, Ih a

o.lI~1 pou,yntlturc of troop duplo ) 'mOI I I , the t. jt'Cli,, 'c, p ro bn bly w ore o ub7 food fo~n~, fillid

u m fi rd l in d cellhul OOllll1Umu of trGO]JS,lbt 'ning for d iv isions w hic h h od b,'('11 moctn'. fo ra rea s ov er which I II ll Y w o re sC 'n lw f cd-aUIon , " ' c<1 ]> c rio tl s, f in d r1 i f u pl io n ·Of tl lC l l Jl le se

focton'! d ic ta te d I hn t. lIP imlil aimo.sl the end :dh '\\'Ilf Aren armies. 'I'llis w a s U II ) . li rs t full.-

w a f a lr JXlW{'f would bs \ 'c to w ork m oi" l, ' I!d cnm pnignin w hich hinesil ror~ I~C:rc

~ap(Jli~ rt)flf iln'n, on I h o il ' ~ I IJ ll } ly lilllt' uffilcd byoif ~ctiOll. Among Ihcfirst nn . Ions

ll lst~ lI nh on . , a nd o n bool)!! dearly l'eoll)w d lila now I)! 1 I .1 ' I' 1 \' e<1e lw )' b omba rdmen t ~~~p

~ 'h ll' .. h iuese positions.. ..\s 1\ re su lt 0 1 n : aU acks ug oi.nst Jspa nese supply fne~lnes

IO .m t I r a in Ing' p rog r i li l l i n it iu . te d by die 1 1 0 m u~ the 1~1l .1l~ ~mpRlgu. ;S-2l)s a~d.1 '-lOg

< \ l r F O l 1 J I ' , l u n t ' l > e troop were cnDblcfl in 'I e n g n _ g c c l II) limited o ] > Q r o t ; l o n ~ . ilJ,,'8IIII I, rea r

rnl' il~ur.1' to recdvclose hntU", s tr ike n . . . . ; s i ; 110 a s untll t im J a pa n es e eolumn wl.lhdrcw.

~w.o(,llm')~ib,)'!J.llltfl in Ihe war. . 1'lw { : : rt ' .o l ~ 3. C }UJ1I .{ JI~A. cam2 ) (J ig n ( rO(1lJm.ber~D~~lJmb(r

I~YIl~ mr opcrutiollll , h ow ov ef, d llrjn~ 8 4.'1 ') .- ~ll sumln.f Slrol.lgth and \1'1lh;o .(c\,orthe

1'll_m.~lgIIS , br ie £\ \· c ov ('r cd " cl ow w ( 'r e no t d iJ nll.'.~J!II, I h c Jf l. p ll .n c :s c s tr uck ngm ll ~ Iho_I~IC

I~, '~ o m t 81r"'(.."ro JIld 0 p c r ot io n .tlH'tit'S, b u1 I II \Ios L OJld . i loO .u ll tw c s 0 r~nllg II ng ! . ; 9 e.

t nrncd ou t by sdcctioll or { ,o . ~,t a iN U! }" ' . lt lt o: Ig h Ibe prl l lCI[)nl thrust a(!"61n ~tu~I. '<l II I ,llle

.la llA n!' ' 8n!B- - rcmuvcd ,om;;!lI. b}' n .I¢t 4i l\ '( ot l( )n ~r . lnmgki .ng, c n o~ \) ' O b JI !( l! II 'C S _ I I e r e11101'(:'from 1:10&' L I ' g . . -l.. fProbnbly hm l.wd to c on fisc atin g ro od r oSN'V\l S I nF I n ll~ p O.lI lo us. is . I .' _.. ... .. .' .' ·tl [ 1m ].ofllCfel1R(l ll CI!ll lm-ml' lito C'o~ .. n<:"1 ncc·bow) nrNI, dlSPCrlllll, g IN I ...

81 ' hQI I I I; : :l l i' n~1 Ih< : J , . ' , n. \' 'I" Lluh War Ar,()o 8nni1'8 Iw d do\ ,cIo 1 I i JJg . po leDunl

be ( , ' 0 . llMd('r.~lli>l II j : r : I ~ I ~ , ~; .l lU' , II I tl u:~ ~ < ' f lleili li nthIlJlgt;h. Arncr i cnn nif I!-. ttReks

of the word, . r II g' ·II'~~ 1011 II! I~t · 1 ' ~ lW<:('1! I N O l'l lm h Qr · n m i. I i . , Dc . .c n .\ b t> r . bu t. noL

( ' IJ () rd iuAJl i !) I ]b( ' I 'w"c~ '~~ra • I .k 'ioro \ . 'drnll_I L : , o ro U l lI .n 7 5 f i\ lOiloblu combnt. ilir))bulCS, tol~lIed

SO th t I . ...Ir .n {'s an .grOUlI I ~ I . . . . . 0 'ell! of'. ~'fit \'S'l!lu,t:l'1l g ll iu ll ll l, . l li .r co ni rl l b 01 ]1 1 , . IS, 1,27 s o r t l ~ , .more thnu, p l '. fC . ' .1t'~IQlt('t1 !'y gn,uud for . ..~ . .'. ' . . , .upi I I t I , Wef flow n h y h gh tO ffi IH lrform m s: c sc~r ,E I i . - . cIii i & l I y itWQig ,C( 1 1 I h ItIIIe [IIHloc d ~ ni l" i s.~ ,1111<: IIt'l'l.;fiI II; Ill~ ~i UI I nm l LoI1lI ,rn~

III l il ll IIlU;11 - ~ I~(urwar Il~illlllil W OIIu. t o i l I) ~Imd SUP;JI;i,nstnUfilioIlB, } o ' r ('(Iium bOlllb~JtS

ol'' ' ')l!(>' 'IUl('S(! aT/flil'S W\!!O Ulh. !'Orl" I ..'" . ..I ',11th',- . /(lO\'lllllOliL of tl -,... ..~ '( 'I LOus of bomhs 011 hIUIg lwl.C' ! 1-'.

, Ie ,I ll)nnc :se forces- H illing ·' f l ' ' " ' . ..I' . I '·1""'\' ' ' ' Lombc .T_ll :n.-OT, lI\ (luLUlU IIiIU • ,.. ...

~ 110. ~R"Iil t . J l l p 3 1 l 1 . lm 1Irt:3. ond uPl'lly

hIll'S fN>dlng ILl! l'llrnpalgll, in I d d i l i ( J n 1(lIIU,oo

on llOllgl bl"'iLy iii I, took II bee\ irl Inll 01

e~e~y olld lllo:Urit-l ' L h l l l 1 b J . . . . J I. p a ll i' > ! (' > t U 1 l 1 I I l1 t i .

e Ip a l l ' < l or eeu ill aJ T o r t! . A Ill' 1"\' 1'011: 1'\11t i \ . "

I'illl.lll(! or their ~ !Jnill w.~ 1 2,0 00, I I'lll,..

Imll inl portion h,n'ing b..-t-rl I lnlmloo 10 .u -nct ion. In nddi l iou 10 iuflielio" t lr u p t 'l 'SO t l nr !

Cl I I II Il t i noted 111.0\'(:. tht' P ou rt ff 'o lh . -\ ir l -b re c

II C l > t royed 0 r "limn".. 1IIII'ro.rintllt~'I~~· :300 11I1lt1'

r iv er e nd t, . ') 00 S I 'I I ll (l <l 1 ll 1 . I U II I • I t . -lan l il l J numlJ t - r-of h orses, m eter I· ch itl. 11 l :i < l~ I " ', 1 ' i' lIR " il ol l . ..

BllIl o th er i n t .1 Il hn io lt S. . \ II. I\r...".lt, thr·J f ' I lD

w ilh drc "" during th n !nUN p ar l 0 1 D .. ." .. ml Ko r In

Lileirsll'ltlillg bll in dIll Tl! lI; :' lini!We Il\oft A

m A ,jO t h U lIl )f t he tt «l il . ..· as n ~c ord rd dl" Four-tC<'nlil .\i, F o l' I: c b v Ilin firl'rl corrurutDd~

4. Pi f l ,JumraiJ~y'Cf II 'T";dQr amI rJJll1l' Hi ....

carltpai! lq (19JI.p:riJ-11,hmr HlMl-lfll' llirh I ~

th e Jn p a n e s e I I i g b C om milld c ry '" 1 1 1 1l ( ' < i pll.ll

for Iil'mlW ntl(lcolL;:olidal~ II I ' wboll. ' o r C<'lltl'l!.l,tern end southern ina in a glg'dnlil" !Tonlo

tort i f ) " " II!er IlOnlin.~utlll SrhtN e".'8ill~liUCreas1nf!

A l l i ft l p ow er in L in ' P I \ c . i : l i c _ .U r ,Dd n B ' ~ 1 uh-

! lu rf n e e IIIt r i t i en lignin I .J.psn ' M l"aI .W lili '" a,

reduc ing In(l'llllcsc INIl.gII-! ( a t t: r lball ,III'~ ~p!l.r .IL)! ror rcp1ac~JIleJ lI . I 'o :h ih ' Ani '"<:A1l :lllppm h.d

1 'C1Iohedll 1 0 " ' 1 . ' 1 UffiCINII r(' lr b ~ c I . ~ l IW I i ~

.' t U~o-I.' . o n • •ra tio n e ga m ~t tll!" "lIlln't sm r ng 1:11.""","V_V.- .• .. • ICS em 0 '1 . .IIPIUlt l i ' · ll , ,o l l l l' r Pa e lfie ~ ~ [,·n. . n

Sl . -. ": I ........ l""ml·Ol W8)' IUU II , I hc r c fo l' C . ,lap..~1\ 11Th .~-.' ,- •

security of Ihe N3 'rapprosch . I~ h r l in . of~ . . . ' . · '1 1 " " l Ip p h 'l o -i l l I I I ~\""n..t A I I . 1 1 1 I 1O O J fI II 1W ) lc ,a 1 10 1 I I I u. ..' '11nnDhibiol~~ ntlll("kt; n ' l ' j l l i l " l ' t t OOlleo.'Di .",UIIg. I _"

I f ·1• •. -..•. 1 ~U'('Il"ih at MiI.! ' lal points.b u l k 0 .IUla... l I N . . . . . . " If till. . .nf ....l. l a pa n oomm i th . .. .. h e ~ · 10 ! "~. -, \ c tO . ,10&,.).".. I ' · d . , IIlIdl\x!UC1' C I I m e < l }

L OIlI.JI·llj1JI to I 1\'1 ~ .om • r ... .' . C 'Illnd l\)\-,rr:tllllt'nI 10 0011,1). ' ' ' ; :-'

a rllll.eiJ, brill g Ili~ . . . . · IT . . .. . . , " .' r ill I IIC IUllll.' YIlCT1CIII1.. r-"And d l1 l1 l1 l:a l( l • _ I 'Ii f!l~ thd'l:-Ilp',mo, h Illf. ' l ' h . . . F o u r t e < ' J 1 I I • r '. \ i, · 'I • ~• .eft. .. ' d II , counlf ' l ·m~ 'I , 18 I"~

IUI.t!crtook 10 ,Mell I II . ! ron ill k no ek C h in a o utI lI Rn ir . .I l \- II I lm t . !Nl~m> I.' -

of lht' \I 'ltr. .. ., n ctUlll,lllq.,'I1. , Ja p sl l a s-In I h (> f i r > 1 t ! l h a !, \ ). 0 . , . , 1 · t • . ".ro;l 001i~C)1I t rn ( t o l l

. .. rill hUll II' ..... ' • .'._s"nlbll'd m no . '··1 'd;"'" nH-chsIlI, .ed llDll$

, . .",,11' ' r--nIC U U '<" . I'01 J U i ll ti l Q :- . F¥ ~ Ii . m l M t ; I I . . . a r i. 1 0 luM-

I , , ~ . . .Im CII.111I1. ..!'(I C , -ilwa.Ii '-. tb~f1l """ '~rlh UU I "g •

iOlI . 0 1 t . w o IllRIII .• (I", ' ;wi{~ i l l i t i . 6 1 < I n . " " " ' .I'I' 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 11 1 ; 1 ·d ·I

Ping-bllll I\nt "I 1 01 . th e Pi~lum com (lr 1\0..' 1 " ' " 1 ) 1 0 . . . .. . ..I !' t11.I!h II ~] '" r im uI18IlCOU.Iy. '",... \.. , 1 '" 110\1- 'lIe,. .. " "1 t ' l1011(; j II! ~e~- . 81

82

( ', ',P I r at io ns, th e ,llnCI~I' 'I loounkrcd ,

( 'h in , • d (,lell' s, lus.t In th > cuter ilJ)Pl'Oa

II 'llgl'8Ug. an d later within tilt' iY walls,

the C h in \ Tenth A rm rough 01 1 of I~

gdlllllllllflttll' in 'hilll' ....ue s o r "'lit, ' l U I ' !cu t th o si, of IlongYling, FOU l 'L c () lI lh J r t" - 4 lind B-26 illllinhlinrd capa i~' 0PI1IA ir . u pe ri or it y O\' I th c~rnbl\ l':one q

clillli1l6hlli th a I ew -I ol) im , h gh t( >I 'S ~I II }P ly i

('IT>'Ii\' ever for arlvan 'lIlg Jilpnn~ « 1 1

i air 'rilft dropp d riti oU y IIc < l e d10 belcegucred h iu troops in th e t il,. .

O\' l ' r . 1" 1 )8 1 1 . , upply corrid ors, A m rienn

m ain l ined dAylight. observ ation a nd c onI '

(N lfing a tta ck '. s ( .II J pa n 0 m ns I

p ow e r, n rt il le ry , and supplies sreund 1It '1lt\ i

POll r t t ' cn th if Force f i g i a t ( ' f S an d bombers f

ti l ir b t tactica.l llrg t 01 th war, rn " k c I r I I S ( > San d l I i r c o o r 1 1 I 1 ' ! ; e n e m y t r o o p

een tra tio ns W l'r e.q loscd Ill.ong \\ ;Ih m uch

men t A n d upply-to th maximum f i r t' P O W f I

air fo r could tit n apply, F OU l'l n th ,A ir"

lali.licall'ecord h ow tb at. in (skill{! HI'!

th e J ap an es e s uf le r d 22 ,3 7 0 c A s uo lt ie 10 ai r01 ' mtioes. Proporlion8! ly seriou w rc

I f efluipm n an d o r valuabl tim e,

un~nLi iPl l l d 2 m o nt hs ' d c la : 'i ' i n t hC , ] I I IWHlSo I

P_81~1 ,ch('d,ulc WA S 8ttriblltablu hlrgc ly 10 ai rt!\'lly, Tlu, d l ay , coin id II with th u '

01 Am ri an \'icl~l'i; fr m .1 un to orlv

Itt. IIB m , a ip8n . and T ini811 , la ilt 'd I~ en d

en( lmy ' o !T cn s.i,· im m Cflia t ly , bu probahly

COunwd for th en m : o " ub'CIU nt fa ilu • I

th,rongh 1(w iyslng tow ard hungking and E

mlng by ro~ing lh .Jopane to figh t U U~ ," ,

I I dc cl l lR I ( 'l y ~ l lI i pp d, in bitt( 'r winter w~ d

Th (nmdin Ito I'll 'ill hRd indiC 'R t .( 'd Jlal\ o ' e r : J ~Rn \\ '88 to d o in h ina m u t. b don

!nd It ~. P I < l b a b l l . l tllUi thc IlrlllS in . A u g u t

. l lO ll Il Ilc fOl' h tl r l 'a t r fn ihu ' 10 Inke th eC II)A I IV Ie 't' ,t d rn II•.i-flrough w hich II hodo en the Will' in 'hillo,

n. I ldquarlch> of (h. 'I' •. N 1 1 W Ar.1rnm lq l'cd 1 I r · . uneso •. In I o Jr ' . _ 1 0 ollowlng f i g l l r on rl' 111Mo II'hvlty ill I H 'Clilll • r' " unon ( hang ho-JJ( 'n~

PRlgn rORlll8beginllinron26. fo: to 15.1

1 0 , 1 1 2 0 t ,u"rn)· ea'ilallie.2.000 IIor. ~1I1t..t .

3 las." IJ 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 'k·1 7 r III. ,1 I t g Q . . Ill,! u nk

2.29t .nIN]l 1iQ" r~'~.

'fl.

81r.

41 t ! : 12

Th toto I Jtll)(lll CD ua Hi froll} o ll ca u I

i n l ud i n ground and ai r II tion , bent dy s n tery ,

In d mruarin., w oro put. a t.. 53,51)1.' rho following Ii8ti ti " ba I on Four~eenlb

Ai r Foroo m i io n rep I ~gi\~ Japan alreraft

I " in th ai r durin the sam poriod-26 ~Iay

through Hi July-citl h) 11~ourtecnth L\ir FortelIelion:

r II :~, » 1 1 1 1

II • •1 'w&I , . . . . ~2: It)I Z).I......~.

83

84

'I'h deci iJ.. n~ er thelc , W Q . iml( '( 'db.lllslon . D u ring th e poriod (rom No\' 'mber

l o . I I tu1 I 0J 111 . or" 19 Lt5 , tI l'S t . WO I l o r c l o f o r , ' m i n o r1 an u .! • l' b

l < ' • (cI'UL r Iii 1I 0 oru« and om"fi " 1 , 1 1 1 . . . . (I. c O l l . n l e d frO [I r nil of h e ( ' 1 1 . til' JI"II'lHLW" , , I rt ' . " IT r' r I he uir (OI'C," iHU or lit' r1 r G~t'r e ., .'lifo': Iof bom b If I~ lil'·ILy. R ~ lilts \\'(,1'(' sv -n

p o II, prrssh'.' '" u rtc en th .\ir Fore n' ordsm O i l' 1 1

111,'0000 l o l l o r -h ipping 1I'1.'r!' lin k a nd

,Jall\\ ' I It '

~ 000 t 'On' Jlrohll bl.\' slink an d c i ta l ll o g :l 'd ( rom

~I' 11\''0 field • I'( 'pr~ .· 'ntin . l w'O -th ird ll or. nir

I ucrolllplU ihments I II l h nt . h e ld for' th . Jllln~1.

. 'I rI . w it h II re rd of 110 I . SI!S III (I n o l

fL}Il~blll '~lLd only 15 oi rplnnt 'S . 10 l to g ro un d I ll 'l l,

2 i o 6 c n rm y o ;r el 1 lf t W'CI"C cla im ed 11 Iroyed . 50

pNba b ly d t . troyed, om l 137 d am ag ed , rep , 11(,.

In ollc: lmlf or such results achieved by th e o i l '

f Q . , i n t he I te ri (1 I1 . rrh i i tile moreremnrkabletl h I it is ot s ldered I,hol t in ' 'u pp i) " l tu a tio n WO·

.;(I I t T l X ' 9 r i o u lim t. it. wn 1lC(:('_ nt y to u p el lt !

( II ' I Li on . f or u w c k i n o r d '1' to f l I T rd th e ALbl ~

Ol th o IlImghni uirf Ids on 17 JllnUtU'Y· Iu UII

a ! la c k, 2 0 V OJ I $ c i l l i m r d to ha vu c 1 l ; ' . S t r o y r d in t i l £ >

a ir e nd 011 th ground 12 neill_" oircrtlf l whileprot bh · d . (roy ing a nd d am ag ing 11.

uch." 0""1'8 t ion 0 well n clTccLi\'(l 00IIIIter-l " " " t • 4

. .i r f o J' C ( ) a e ti e i y at Nank i ng . in nsrv m ter-

~ielion of til ca 't " 1 1 Y n ng tzc. am i the o n s l ; 1 1 1 t

la rry ing of Jopom n o vo ! m ow ff io ll (i S, lilian),

f or ee d t h e .)1 pn n t drive on b th fidlL lilt

in ,Iununrv nt which lim e th 'Y w ert' " Ilellol,d

-l id ~ mo~!( !WIIS modo la o m il ca t to hOnling.

Th ~ a irfield h ad been d nv 101 l · d t serve !IS th

I n n ina l for nil' \ lnc lla tio ll nud • uPl~Jy f lh l '

~~ tc l~ i\ 'f l vme ri cn n f i e l d 1>01'$0In ( 1 1 ( ,~ I r rying . ()III n t c l l l gent lind th l'll ' t\ li\'iti in en t hina .

It IV 01114) c I ig n d u 011 rill rg nc y Inndlugfi II " ,Ill! rO l' stu iug sp !C inl pcm tion. H ow -

rv~ . d c -'pit th e en g l' u ter ost of I r ,u l)ply.

P-lI l . of tho '- "only-fifth F ig lil( 'r lu od ro n

~\'I'(I in o n I \ ' iur<'h. n n d : h un g l Il 1 i, HUlL 'cllo" ' :

I ~"ow . und Am 'l' wore tit 'l'cIlH(ll' suec - hrU~.1~1 . l ' her l 'Ar t l l r t ll 1 'd un ti l trrm in nlio n o f ho . til-I II , ~ lJ oo li \' (' , if 1\ ( 's ,m r il y l im i te d , o p ('r o. li on ·

r C I 'M . (1 on Ir m tlli; field. To I l esser

" \ ~ I, I ll • l J ie hwn l l wh i c h \ l' ur c (' om l i li om d on :3• p nl ft " ., wn"I T 11 r vneunuon by the J8ptlll(!!4), •

f I};ed. From th two field 'IUlgt7. slll(l-

Illig l)(flow th e m ined IlI'Cll \~; I e0l1li1l1l0uJy

8S

with grouml atlhily ill Honan (roul 21 Mortll '

until tli. t'l:_~lioll (I f 1 1( 1, Ii li li ' :

, u8U(lI~y Ir e fro m lo ng -n mg o 'd irec tio n.~I " , n s U1I 'k r 'b' 1 .

IIJ"'" Chullgking, .Itl,c. 0, f. 'I IDosl

(lilli' ~utll~mI p , l I I I " in :tlllluumum 0 ,oeD COOf! mutLon .

~lf tJ UP1,' 11ell d h~ il !i o) lo l e ommn n dn es look

.......-.! ,0111 . , d' 'I ' tni I'~"r , It -n t, I 1c lio n u o~ C~IlUQrve,'() SUIlOLIlf{'

ptll Wh il ll i t \1'0 gQn:l'l\l~y o~n'OO Ull.lt th e

~r\ ,;oldicrs fOIlgh t wtlb semeumes foolhnl'dy

p II l "l !) I I Il tI th e jlwior omc~ were <:?mpcl:lml,

~ 11'1not usunlly bo stud of th eir sem ora

! ' o ' t h O : > u l \ c s " ',m ornH y, wer poorly equipped andT h e s n , . . n 'I,

I'I

kc g ir mi ng :o f th o monso~1l

~n lind w a seon bogged ~Y ,800 of m ud III

!GIlleo f t h e m o st. d iffic ul t. w rro m , I? 1~IC wor~d.\II o f t ll o lI .uove wa s r ef le c t. ed Ul mLormmabio

v b ) ' : > . The key tow n or Luug liug \\:os ia k~1 \ 1 , , ) '

!rooll l f l l;_ .. ; £ iU\! ,at;great 'ost andtbcn muuoolll:t,ely

r e I in q , I U s l w d " ' I' ll 11 ammunili.oll tiln out, .to al wH I[ ul or J a'p an es c w h o conhn.u~d to hold it for

I'toI'ks thcrellf lor. ' the 10,000 t o l S "OOOJ np a ne so

---------...---------11111'01\·00 in, Ihewhol . arentosted f ll.l1ati~lb,

-1J»<1r<».~1 Do-.s-"! I T O II I . . . u~utll, ( 1 1 0 m d et en si . .· e po itions, cDre(ully

T prtpSred over 1\ 2-ycar p<lriod,on t lmpNcipitousH- • Ia.'N :. ~ j X . ' : 3 and erests or h ills ond m oum eins ontl

~'"::E~~:;;:;,;;·:::::::,~ ; . t . : : I: i r equ en l ly on ro\lCn:;OS1011e5 inaceesslblo 1 . 0 ' direct

!:::. ::::"::::::.::::~ ~,OlIO! {)!:m 'rite r u m o r t li c. 'U ; c on di ti on s p la ce d a 1l1.101Cndol1

fhi~ " "' ... rt!oa~ ';"';;"');;;'1 " 31 pon'<1bilityon th c o ir fo}"cs" Oil th e li'ourtecnthI ] '; 'M I : : '= . ~ .. . . .. .. . . . .1 < ' I i , J .u • lit Forrodirectly and continuously,tul(1 on the- ;- : ::- .._· ·_._·lJ n J_ _ _ I_I~~_~1 T tn lb . \i r Foreo iI\ 1 I l{! p eriod from ptam ber,

' 1 i ' 1 1 ' O ' I ! . I!I'Hlo JIIIlUllI'Y 1 1145 , dnt'ing w hich tim e its P : 7

~h~( ," "b ( )} , ll b c r: : ; f l ew upproximni ( ' ly J, 00 sorliC's

10d~ l !illllporto( II I co.m pnign,. . ineo it \\Iii an

.\Jlltlll:all-: '!jlO nsered 0 Itort, t.h c. hi Ill" h ild bel"n

~.'d Arid w or~ e xp c ,ting .fuU.scilla Ilir 'UI~I~O!' ( '

\ I looI l le Imu.'sll kn w IIUle o f t he c a pn IJ ih tu :' -~,d ,~iJni~8liollg. ; r c .om iJa l nir'C fillt, req u cst .,qUmlll ,look f rmtas t lc [onus"

, ~uso of its im pU cA tion in th e lorgcr stru~l( '1Qcttll-!' I • , , ' . " I bF ou , '''~ n n 011.11 logi,.ticlll I lll lJ f~t lO JJ ,. '" ;

lb:~'.lth j\.l~ Fol'oo was alJl to prOVide, dunng

I ftl CU!! porlod o fJ lI l~ ' i. u" ·" sl find plember"I(J i . 01 , e.~ J " ' 1 1 't,l~l{)nil' ~n(l'\,Ortlg?Or 30 Iighler nircroft WI,~I

"ilh Is , l b II -:% s W ith 29 cr~ws, nnd ),1 , ' I.

ln~ i ; e _ r a w s, plus 8 5 so rtie <; in 2I lCa \ ,y~onlher

I~ t C ~ 11 1 , I 'Lombor. ,, '1t,hLhill o il' a s Isla.nce

Ill! }H1CS<l u lt im n l- il ly ( !t 1 iI lC dL b oi l' obirctl~(' .

l!tQJ)~~g , tU W I Q , a m onrlis uir It lI l\ lporl UUlI~

--hirh . 3 ,2] tons of Im l)lllil~ 41 per ont 0,Will ~ " ' ••, ~ lO ot ! audliO l)croc llL nlllll .Jumtlo n,

WiUI th~ bat til' f ro n !. o n ly 130 miles f l l O l l I

I ; . i n n g R t tllo 1 1 1 0 l d istan point, figilt()ts d v

II ICAdilyill1.ll"I1f1sing. intensity . of, oP",.!.Ojll'nltiolll!>l rcportd~lrlns: .t1I(1cnrnpmgn'~

illllirstl'lllIow r ee er de i u d a dy figlit .(1rSOr1.i('" ,

J l O i n t c < l Il!>rgcts i n c l u d e d m."chinc -gun P o . ~ t i -C4m oun! l J:~ ' (1$upplv dUl1lpi l III fonvllro BI\ la, '

troops ill fo)! holes I ludpr{ltcc ted omplllCcrnCl~.

D I)ilt' th o U I : > I l of u ro rl y G 5, OO O cm c ll w

i ll Ot1(' of llil'lr mo t determined hru'sls,

. IaP ll ul lS4 ' we re d l' ds iv c lY dt'fented an d f(l~1\ ; lht lmw, 'I' It , hin~ } 1'o urL b A re a .\rtemmand nUribnled to the 1'0 urteen IIIr~ort('B rua jorpa , r t inlJ:Jis vie tory" crodil~

\litlio m in im lU li o t S ,O O O ru ie lt \> 'C '! ll nm h i ' Jx_:

des truc t iOllor rRrg'() numbers ,of horses , I

Rl1Iloll1('r \'quipmclll,.

. Op rm t io ll oi record s of tho e uni.ls p n r t i c i p a

III I ll o d c fc n st l of h ih kia ng sh ow lh o fo~, 'M i l! I of a ir activity COOP(oI'nIi .ng w ith . 1 m . . -srmres:

IQ . 1 1 t' f~ , rt Mm ,l lQ j9 n ( II .J1iatl 1M' 10 Jarm J UP-) TI" , " UI"-·

I T • " . : , 0 " - . ' 11 . w:8 l: lt h o ou l, lo ' suslalucd'bi:xiIl rn , I~O [?fOughoUI th r w I\r, und,rr(a kcll 11I~III I I~ lII.st, .....tio- fi r

'-e-. n (1 tiC AmericAII eommaa d -purpose was lo 'IJ'nk ,( I } D .. I I'"IA !(io fto, ',', ,10, .lInnn Rond \\'It) F

. I d , 1111 U l I l ! . 'r COlls l ruOI io n an d 1 0 d~l!nOIl '11('l'rilo • . II r . ". . ,

of III , SCIlIOr IL lo render oI'Qn1Il'"

'!af" r . , . .. f O n c 1Jllndlho P " I I . , r a l l ! ! 1 pi lH) ' lino,' WIS(lJl.l~

" ,,,rn .IIPltll '" "-IUolctia r I ,'. , II I terfercnce. The cl lmp"orc

Ilry 1 94: ~ ,~ (' y fr ,olll .1 1 }.fIlY l{1 4< J, mttil ) 0 J_n

lnkrn rh ~n 'I ' llfltm,g on th o D unnn bord ~r." ~• . !'Qug lOut In'' .,'

were IlIko ,., ' I oC8lT11lfl lgn (Iitl C J I J l. worm lO\'{lIrd II ..'

f ' ( ' c t l lC ' l 11\\' r ' , , ' I :C , P . l : ' ' O I C < l t . IIr wa SIll' lroll! 'hUlIl .1' r ...

I4'InOUR II' . . Ilnurorn Ih m ilch [II.....1r'<, ,I to II'· .. Ii

c ll lu !1 ni ff I1 · ". il ' I ' 101r" I'C'1Ir. MQICCO\ll,lr" I.." ~" m () II ' - -"

It'l1'I'liltl p_.,. OOlllilry o(t'xlrclIlelyrup,, .....ml1Jm g f<l \l " f . ~liJ"

Aly,'arda (If co ' o. Iho Ulmnl 1111011. '"

n(llIcst. \\ hila L lJ uC O lll bl ( c O l "

88

ectioe Xl

xx BOMBER OMM~O

1. ' !Tn'jiraflc~ anti im1~lIrla'~«,_ , ~f

serV(ll'S have 1 1 1 1 . d tit r 0 1 s l g l l i l i c n r lWo 1

tane and value of Ih B-29 O l ) ~ r : a "

( Il I O n , l

hiua. 1 on mensur 'S OIL.\' lho'bomb

d ( l l i\ ' c M I 011 .•a pm« 0 hll "g(l t ( rmn C I ; t

('Ol ll llUl~ Ihe logi lieul co t, ill\'ol\'l'd '1". I ,J

po ibll' to.orrl\'~ at I 10 orr0I100U COndll;'

it \ \' 8S : II I ill-advised lind co J Iy Q))N'flIiOll

n b s J " \" cr s . 1 1 0v a ls 0\' r · m p b u i?oo t h t l l

l!111)port taken from th e F lirt n th A ir F

Ia vor o f th B -290p m t,jom ;, ~

6. TQobtain 8 true pi turf' of th m e r i

til foll w ing fn tors InU t bl! c ;a l ~

t h e s a m e t ime' n bomb ( 0 11 1 I l lg < d l ' l h ' e n . i

l og i ' l !C t II c o st i s e on si d er ed .

(I) A c tu al l og i, lil'td f {uT~Jl(Jrt f i9IJu-4

int: th e p er io d " '~ ('h ru R r'y t o I)('('l'lIIbtr

8 10t,)1 of 41,7:33 ton w a s d c l i n l 1 l l

B-29 bll in Ihe l lumglu 1 1n ' lI ,

A T rleliv er -d ?i 2 J tons and lilt

Bomber mm n n d tankers 8 1 11 1 l la I D

d l i \ " ( , F ' ( ' ( 1 14 51~ Ion. 'P h 2;,21 t w . -

li"I'I'tl(l by Lh T proba bly w ould

{ ,FOn r t o th Fourteenth Ai r F o m '

til xx B om bm - ornm nnd net bit

Clainn-how, CI', (hu' ing Ih' tn e

60, .606 lOll, w('r(' gi .ni l I I ·( ) 1 l1 (' g r ou n d ~

program ill 'lIino.. III olilor word ', ~

th o pcriOtI of op m UO li of Ie B 2!ls il l

of th o \ T 1 Iurn p ' lOJluugll di\ , , , rtetl

lh , j,'ourt '<'llib A ir F o r e, more tllllD

thirdS \l'cml to LII 'round fon;t,?'cd

lillm O L l c - t h i r d to t. h I 29 progl' l lPi .'I'll (!xllcL AT Hump LoJUlOg' [ i j t 1 1 l ' "

llie 1)lIr iod.lu·c 11. follows:

'rolal A'I' d IiVj'" . _,_"To III ". 'T o II C FOl ln -nth , \I r I"or • • •• , • • ,T .• e J il Cl'( )lm d .f ore .. p r\ IR .rm n , ., .-.-.

o the xx BOlllher ( 'oll ll ll i\1I I1 . ' ••••••

A1JO~lu~r[! lC la r n o woigJllxl b r " " 1 6 1 l 1!l(,r\'(l1'S ' .,. "I• I. lhut pllrl of Ih i. "t'''.J

II !tl b" til •X n I) C'(l l l lfn8 f J 1

• "om. (I ,

~'.llPl!nded 011 hinn 1m'!! I tl 1110 1 ' I ' 4 l~ h G 1 "' teo. 1 • In(llir I! l i " " . o~lrt In~h Il r rL' t

rJ~ d~~

, ...n.111\'0 \'1)1"

nl". .1,0-

!JIll' lod It' b .. JlPl~I 0 ruar)' I e 'm bor IO H, t i l ' "

10"' 1 1 1 1 \ 1 , l h OJ) l '(It io ll li o f t h () F O lI

pltm! fit ,\Ill han and two apin l 'milar tlU'i: t 61

M ukd i-Il ill :\llIIllch uria . rrq llirin 2.~O O m~ld

II I iII'S. Form la~~ I, all re(luirin~ IIP l lro .~i-

m o.t I y 2 , O O -lI Iil , lI ig ht ", W , ' I' < ' ItHad:" I in COOl ' -

Ilina ti n wil h P if i Iwmli 1 lS , kllY lllIll. •

I I f, jU l, and 1 '&inan in . II 1I"1 'n . ' hit in mid-

I bI r , iu~ t ' Prior to the L~yll' landiup. oinei-

Ieru w ith th Luzon I nd in • Ihn! III "011

ilg>lin;;t lh t' K I ll ng W I U lI 'V I' S n d I h i . ' a i rt il .' ld " III

KII~ ~nil 'hill hiku\ll! 'l 'I' nown. Al l of lh.ef<o.·

hiill- ltitud rni . I" mr ut II vy l U l 'l I ' Il q l\ ir u -

m en nd e II ' 1,1 litI.aw l lOlIIb londill"_"" , tit

(I\'lIla'O I It 'i ll !: ar cu ru l 2 ton s on maximum I 'dn J: c

1I1 ;"" iOI" nnd pproximll I), 4 Ion' v r-.II, i. I••S, 01 I It'" of ntl Oil 1,';;(1 c m ber s rti frombin II.

• 1 " 1; l led in it pt '11ILimtill" from hUl&, and WILl> P punod I r th

rn!ljor blo,,\~ it WI1> 1 0 d l'lh 'I " ( rom 1 1m P ac ific .

ectioo X JI

TENTH AJR fORE OP RATIO S J CHINA

I.T o II/A ...til' F"r(l' rtI/,'n Mila. 1'1. l'nt h

Ai r F o re t' f ou g bt Ihe gn' tel Il rlof lil ... r i.n

North UIIII I 'n lml BUTlnu in tilt' ellllll)lli~"1 to

reopen ttl ,-tjJwell Rood. Th -, t'l1'J"Iltion bay

br.cn docum nwd in T'ilrl I. Th rol 1110 Tent!1ir 1 '0 I ' p layed in the \\ a .T in 'h inn prl)~ r m ny

1 )( ' d h i df 'C 1 int (hn>() II I l ing .. III J 110" :

0. f)iud (JA j(ll«

I I) I /~ (7,;JI(l tl.tflltr u:J.illlill iHJu-;/ ill BUrtM,-

(I) Air mov m nt r th!' Fourt - nth nn d

1'wonty., onll Dh,i,sior rrom Dunnll t MM ,

S D ( '( ) .I 'I II 1 )( 'r I IU I to 1 1 . II II lU II ", 1 £1 '1 1 ;.

(2) Ai r OJ)('MI(ioll on Ih •• IIlw '('n Hi v r jJl

IIJ l l lOrt of the 'EF (Yuk(· Foil' ), . \U lf ll I 14-1to ,January 1 1 M , } .

b. Til ~.i'I'lJojJ Mt.

c. I~ tu:ar u«ujlfltioll, (flQtul1liOll, an d / tU J r pl y ,

2. ,Ii (J lH'rQJ il)ll~ 1)11 flu SallW:l II !lira. . IIi

ptcmiK ' r II (l Mldio IUlk W hlblil!hccJ

belwe II d IU , i ;< ct ll -n in tb C om po !l il .C W in 'of th e

Fourtc<!uth ,\ir 1l'()Il'O nn d lI ea ciq ua rte rs. T onth

_\iT ~ 1"C t',in B um ul, This link \VII> for pn illl(

of t8clical information uud r r cool 'd inntinn of nit

e l T o r t in Ihl' C O lr ti gu ou a re a of air re ponsibilil}'

of Ih l' c oJllm llnd . Th hineso 1'), p('d il ionor~'

F ore w as b tlly bog gl down II I t. , II ( ' ~

Ith' ef pI ellis r ime Bnd ell Faurtl'<'nl.h Ail:' f i~Orta

It d h ' uf fi ei n t HIPJIJj 1 0 p r o" i dl ' nil of th o ni r

cffort r ~lIir, I.b, A ~'\1StCIII \I"~~ \ orked OU ~ wh ' Ii QllIlblcd

11. dqull~t" ,">l. 'i.~~f-J1inl h ompesit Wing, to

1 ' ( ' (111 ." air lrik~ from the Tilth '\ir Fore 01 1

IorgN. holtlill~ up tlno advance of he hin('Sll

r~xpl-ditiollo'Y ·o~. 10 ' OOOl'diuntiou ( , I f Om -

rnuni ali n y ,,'nl! int( 'rch8n~ of" ·riol photo-

gnll)h., IInt l mu~u!ll ' .xc1u'.n(l 'e o r i nt . ..lligcJlc

produC :l~1 ex 1 I1"nt re nils. urillj:: t he po r iO l I

pll ' lUiwr 1 .. l J nUllry 1945 , 'renth ir Foreflg htl'r-bom lwni, P 7, II ,," pprexim t I)' I, 00

soni\'5 f ro m 1 3 uM l lB t u~ !i ('. a g ai n to .Jllpftrl~ I)()~i-

l io l l II l~I" ,IW('M fl'Ont.

,I. Thtllina offen ir. 0 III March 194;' (ho

oollffil l lJ ld ing 1I1 '1If ' ral , ' l 'e l l ih , \i1' Fo l" C t ', f o l' \' S 8w ( h e

FlIIJ id col l ll f ) 'of the .Jalmll ill Burmu und "InnW('n'iii nk 'l l f or th u of I h , 'r ~lfh Ai r I,' tel'illC hinn , ln ,\pril l~t.j, p" m~ h ad cfysltllli7,ffi to''4lch po inL th AL H adqu l1 en l, r rc ulh Air ] \ 'O" I 'CO,

w o rd , 'n o d t o hina, Llliinn 'I\'II I 4 ( 1 .10 c h I '

u ti ia l hCIlc!clunrt IOC i l l ~on B IlI I n il advaneee l

cI I l ld t l l1Nll o r til h uiqunrt rs " '0 ill l'I o.C (' on

2 } ,Ia . 1 . 4i, w hen 8 ell N.t' of II . ill '! WD' 1111111(',

rtlllO\'U1j; the l')Ilh Air llorc from hinD nud

. t o . r u 1 i n l : i~down {Nil! tom h it "111m1 lion 0 t.))jludobn, Il1d ia . .

b. II I Ihe la t . " ' , k of Jlln ' 1 94 5, t h. ( I l o c i 'on

\\'0." clawlglNl IIl ld I ho T en th A ir F orc n WR8 ogl1in

orot'red t? '1IiIlO, eloNI1g" 1 J 'i o. l' ( iI , )boond pcn il lgK lU lIlung 0 11 2 . 1 . Jul , 1 94 ,.

c. 'fhl' Imuillulln{'nl \I'll loco,ted iniliRII" nl'!lm millg , in ord · r Ih a~ 'Fb.()licol Ueudqul1-" ton!

(Fit· l r 3); H 'ndftllartcrs T'nth Air F rc .

HNulqunrtrN, Ilim · m h ll'~ ommllml' n~d~qlla~nI.'. lIud fludquort l'ii, , m i g i, t. I nl l) '

I 'OOrdtn t~ Ln Ih ( 'ompl lion o( th " n rb ol ll l( 1 '»Inn for o pe nu lg : I h e IIrsl por~01 h ill n I UI II for Ih no "'- "' Il u! Lo lI i li on . 'l'h(lillirpilln fo r II ' IIr loOllnl lo"ho d Iw 11 lurg Iy ('omJlI~I~dby til POUI'! 'I'n~h Ai rPore ,b~t 6 . i "TIIII 'n~or the tu tica l m i i 1110 &.11[1T '1I1h Air For (. c· nIl . ',. I. . ,II" IJI Unh IUglllllllnr.w. Am .aJI .,mhOJI UI tbn j C r o u n d pion II""t .. i ln t . .d rt?vi ill.

II. '('I w b n. ie ('0II' I 'P 1ion Qf t h< , Il'I) •

in hiun l; ttlur 1\('111h ' I~onrt ' I L l I· rg \ i~rh7.F:alioll(.. I~r ree

II ' til' I pn' all' fO fC O 1 0 ( I I ) 1(, -n

I\orlh or I he ,twont.y vell! lJ Plim ll t 'l "J nlllyr " - on I IPAIIC'' '<!

lin, 0 O O DlJ llU llw .o ho l\. lin e I lrnlegi In ' I ' Ic h I . ! T< n II Ai r l I ' o r t · , · til 1 <"Ii-r ,~ • n d

. . ' .... Illl" .01 • IcOOJlt 'n l l with the Allin '(I " l'O ulI !llln .

.. 1 11 ,· , 0Pl'rllt-ill1 . III h o( lilt' L W " l I t y _ \'f'ulll P ra llel ' ' I' l .

m i - . . , i?J1 II.igJ~1 '(1 ~o, Ill. '1I 'nili Air Fo~ ""~"

id~nlt~t11Wt h Its rm•• Io n InB urm a nnd 11UOI' , [nlOpl'ltltUIU c ould lot::lCllII " 'XI)( ,l'I~1 'I 'h ~., . ~. . "', C IlIF

pillu 1 O,\F ~,\l- rO O l1 od o !-!h '( l8 f ull 1l1'loil "f II '. I " " Ii

p ro J( 'C I (' ( R lr o pe m ti on 10g l ' I Iwr II ith IlIIit~ 1 1 1 1

d~Jlloyrncnl.

. r, Wh~.11Ihe w r . en rl ed redcIl \oyul t i l l for II I

elr olTl.'n.lvl', .ng outliu rl in IOAb'-, \P Arbonodo,

1 1 ' 1 1 . " 1 ub 14111ho.Hy I . 'Ol Ilpl l' tOl l. '('he 'l\I'clltI"lllinl

Fij:bl '1' \11) was at Liuchow : Ih e F l r i y -Iirs,F~hl('~ :rou.P \\:111' ilL N an nill ': . " I . . .np~u, out!Pl lkhol .; mr w l! rumg and figlilcr colilrol ir t~lalJlI.

lion n(~II~>III!' to Support 1111 ~'ort Bavsrd

op e l ion w ('r ! \l Ib sl ntiiilly ill p ia ; tit F .i 'hii th~'ighl('r G roup in I n.lin . h ad I){,(,D {tl~ncd f o r r n ov . .. ..

m~lIt 10 T un ch uk . I Tc :! tld qu Br t4 ", 'rt!nth .\irFor,l·.. h d pen d lit Liucbow 011 A Ugu> lL 1 45,

i» 'lh on ed , I I w a II I op r ol il lg p ol i y in Bu rma ,IU r~r fO I "l I 'u n i u s l>ossible. T ile o ir pIlla f or th o

-lull n For~ Buyar I \II mpl te and 'mil '

~ fro ill position 10a un ck nn rl render th e II rv

ai r e o v. :> r t e th e> Ii rs t n av al (VIII'O\'. This li. . . . ! l

t'()11"OY eon • tt'd of f ive L i hl 't t. y . MilS with n vol

rI which ; 0('(' 1'di l \g to ploll, w~ro to nOl 'k lit

F o rt B u ya rd 011 1& ' \ugllSl 1945.

, f. I'ltlllll d OIJ{'rotioll!l Ind (omml ' I lCOO, 1I til'

frm "('lIlh Air Por te WJ' \rik ( or n u tr a li 1 .4 li oo

of,Jlp n il ' i n Iliitoll \I'M mlldl ' 011 0 A l Jg ll ~~ 1 1Mi.

Th u ~M clo. nir-cooperotion I n . i . s s l n d iNe t ~ byOllt ltJ'-groWld pllrli . ill s up po rt . o f \bl' II k 01 1F o rt . B a ) lo r tl Iin t! b {, t) 1Imild fI~ t il SlUll (' llllL '.

a. 1'0 hlXl r ve.clJfICl/ioti t f (1 I :ua liQ I 'I , m Id IJPply·-o. Wilh till' l'nd r th 'WilT, it \\'1Il! inIDlI ' l . l iOI ~I y

-.Ptt~f('111 tim!. 1 . 1 " , fuLlillllH'nt o( Ih~ thNlwr nu.:;..

I?II to n. , . i ! i t . in the r lO ollVa( ion O r hum I J n l l

.I~nn nUl ,}npUIi ' WU~ II viJy d()I)l'llll~lILupon

'It L ra ll~ PO rtlltio n, H o.v illl,( h lld d l'lI jw' !run:;-

~rt ";\'P(lri ~ 1 C : - C in I I J l J ) ~ , I ' i J l g III l I i i n _ . ' N o r t hh llm ~ 1 I c Ulp IUgU , til' ~hlll'~"RolIll 1 1 1 ' (1 1 . 1 \ !lilt!

1 t· !1Ip!J.linv 1)l'ojl t h" Ilir 1 1 ( 1 TMIII A ir Fol't"'c

- , ~ ! I t . , 1 ~(4ltl h \' ' t h l ' ~Ilun~lil l ing 1 1 1 ; > 1 \ 1 ' 1 ' 1 1 1 , \nn,r· ! . J rl' .'. "•c. '1\ \'tore ., '11I1I1l ~It IIwr II III'Op.:>nl 111): ' ''' •

'~r . II ' 'I ' H !III-" Intrn- hi lin nir tl'lm~)lortll Ion.

QU1r w 1 ' 3 , T 'nlllIJIiug, I I U l 1 11 \.A\lgu~ I .i.'

" ~. I or~ '(J~ nll.l', I I l a cl ic o n l I lLr Im iL of 1 .1 1 (>•III .\~r ~Ol'( '~ \I,..... Iun f (· rrc d 1 0 (hI! iii ur-

~~Ih t \ l ~ J ' ? n : B . n d a l l omb.1 e r y .: O 1 1 1 1 0 1 troop

. ~r 111111. I II ~ II II II " ' ' '1 ' . , " '_ , i lP lI~1 10 tll(· 'ro'ntt.\Ir };ol'('e, IIIcludlll~ op.· ci ! la l d i"" iOI1of til'

I ~ i l l l l \\,illll",. _ \ 1 " , . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' addition of I 'N1ainun it s I . n~ \ '( 'd in from I II , f1ldia-BurlllI : lwRh'r

c. !Jill." : mp ll ) .v ~ d an d o J l l " " Ih.,y b_lll~ " . . i1.blc a n IIIdlOll I b t> 1 01 \ :

ir F o • 1lI0n~1 back 10 KUIt .

pply ba ' It III rim«, Oil 25

If. Th major demand ror air IJ'II IXl l1 lioll

were II. (0]10\1 :

(I) Plndll{; of pri; neT o r ,rar t nm 41

prison ClI llll ill : \I uk dt m . W l '! 'i en . P l' ip il l"

H ono i, u nl n . H ong ' n g, -h an ~h ai. Ih in n

1 I A ll d , lind "'{"'JlN

(2) R UPI* f PO\\' leall l Ilnd \. COU8 -

lion of "ri..;onc o f. .. r .(3) o nl in u( lii ol1 o f 'U "1 l1 y by a ir of ap-

pro . f l 1 " . . . . y .j(J.OOO\ 111 r ican troop" :-tal l r e o . !hiD .

Q I inu . l ion or oi r ~up(ll,. II r I I.,!lir

r orp uP lll.i l II ul I Il l' ri c, 1I l m i li ta r y l lj :! n ei e;

10 11 w l oc a li It:.

(6 ) :\ lon'mo>ut of \ 'Ur io l l .hine,,,, I1IU1UC-

illlSl , lI ul l' iI -i 1l b o~ li .

(il t';"uI'IInti IIof Illl'ri...H!militory, n \ 'lI1

90 91

And c h il io n p<'fb,I)nnl'l, IIni", tmd I,'(llIip!1l~nt

1,1) ~ nt en tl 'l l( i( )n p oi nt s lIulI login~ nus., ( )Mo \' ~m~ nl olthe hin~ 'ixlb, ~inty·

~ 'ond nnd Xinty.fourtl! .\mlitl!.

e, Th ~ p",bINnlln~ul<, ,1 was probnbl\ ' n'l'1 l I" " 'l co n lp l . .~ n i r I r ft l 11 \ l lo r t o~mti!m ~ v ,' r i " c. .J .

iu I lIal:

( I) Opel'll I i on ~ I rD d 10 b t f r l n inmh,<l.ia Id~'

wi Ih om a t! eqUbh' IiTlll ' r (Ir ~pl'pllrHlill~ lind

l1~niunion,(:? l Th e bu lk of till' ai r 1 1 1 1 n p ort un its

\ \ 'hielt W,~l'I'l(I, be IIIployetl II 're tI(l1 in h i na,

Hou:<ing 1I~(lmlnodntion,;. nnd f nc il it ie s f or

1 1M '" u n it did not ..xi.t.(31 The IreJlIl·u<I'OU.' tli ranees ow·r\\ hkh

o J l ('N l io J l 1 i W f' e on d ue u . .1 l~ \'qw"nl~n' 10

olK'mli~ from J . . o , ; . \11~ "" '. Cal ifomi ", . 101i.dir!l.)l', XO"II 01;.; (!'11m Si tk ,Q. A.la,k.,

to " I . .sieo C i t y . or r l : 1 ) m 1 11 . H u ds on "Il.\' 10

~ n th , .\ ,m . .r ie a . It rm r- t bo kl'I)\ i n m i nd thol

Illi~ ¢Rantie op nllion "n~ ~UPI)li{od rrolllllllLl'

bttJ· Gnly, sleuue, Ind ia , IInl.l < h ' l M ' n d l ' d (lJI

1 1 1 1 alr line o f C O mm ul I! ('a Jio li ,

() Tb .. "lIridy o r mi . .. .iotlIlS n-quiroJ 11 -

MIl'tt ·nl 1'!tf.'Ct lt iOll "'lid p~nll'd II 'IllIIjur

p1'Obkrn in rnollilorin;and c om r ol li ll j: ' i n

!)wl,·t 1 1 1l lt 1 1. 11 ' prop;.'l' loads lor t h l) p ] \f lp " r

a;., IIM t " i Irri.,,-ell I l l < ' propt'!' d l..tiMI I 01 III

1'1,,· prop"f 1111J( ',

( .a l T he l I ur n! ., ., r o f airplllnl",ll<'ing O]k'l'!Iled

"II... ronny t im" , L'N 'l I tl ' l' I h " ,, , th e n um ber

o)'l{'nlll~l b: 1111' I f( 'r ul 'n ll ou . . I lr gl ln i1 41 :i on , ,'

TWA, Am erican A id iu , Crul~d Airlirll

Ell to'Tn Airlin • ~(,rth" t A imn ,~orlh:''Dt A irlin ., D rh fl .i\irli/ll.." 8 m l B l '! ln il l'

Airlinl' in lIlI or '1'01I1illl'l1l.1 l'nited 1111

( ) .\At' f lr il il i~ , 1 U . \" ig o li on ll l Ilid rJllt!

IV<"IIIh..r ill fOnnlllion w re flllllt·:\il! ttHI "I'

kl'lcby at dll' b......

J. O'! l' l" j: :oli il l. ,-Thr oJlruniwtif ll1 ( h ' l h l i : : ! l u o ; J

by T~lIih Air F,ore,· l{. t( l'mlrol Ih""r op e ra t i on . . ..Wit!' 8 foll(u~.:

(1 ) O,H'Nliol l "Ablt,," i n l l ' ! l ' hinll 01[.11; .blllljclJl.. -

( .2 ) Or" : ? , , lio l i "n , kl'f," m'wrrnfolllo.! Ih, .t111m' ' ' ' ' :\,lut'ty.fOIl!'1b ..I.mly.

. ( a ) O~.~~iOIl "Cllllrli~ ," mf),'l'ln('nl "r Ih( '• l xt b 111111;11II·1;<·.....- ro I1<1 h in "" " .\nllir..,

(II) OlH'rnlio.ll "Uog," intn.·CI,ilu, lli'ln.b utio!! in iI'l' 111:1fhl'n1 111'('0, ..

92

9. SUnil/lary il J 1 J , ( iI:lllH..airol Mall/ialils Or- t 9il'i1t

IItloll:":

_ . . . ., (. . ., I "".,"'t..r r - ' ~ " '.. l[l·i 1 40WJI1 1\.1..... 1 'AI110'lu..

"wW ,_ ,,&l«.,,.. ..211,,...,

." OM!l1l' l!1i '4Jtn~~u.Llrl U,"". . •••• .. • (!J I\(1 • -, ,I~ ' 1 ~ : ',

T.ui: G.1wn . . . " ,: ...u).0 MlU

0, "l.<Ll;ff"-

\,w'IiMI}ItJ •••••

:r.""_l;.!btt ~~ •••

~ "W M ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' . . ,:~.I; .....-l ..\1: _

~,'" .6flin";~ ''''''&Jt(IIi,Utl1.

O!otoll. '(IW1Jo":

rfl. ' b o M I ' I t d ~ 1 ' 1 f ,U U I .'~'J ~UIII"1J~;I.j'I._.

r l J ) . . Z : . UrwiNbIlIL JP'T1nO .' ....f(U~:11 . I . > d • • UI1!Ii . .3 ,w '-'!II_uIQIII •.

:-.,......."">I - .... Iw..:; ' l 3 . ' "\,,_ ~:U 1 ,

. .. C «G"'" MIa. I~ ' t ! I : ._ f . l

1-..J''-' !boolt, ,_.. • ~~ .. I"!c..:,I<.~":.t>-: : :;~r_l.. . .---- "'III.

l " _ " , , , , " " ' . _ · 1 1 l ' I",,' • " 1 " " " ' ' ' ' - ' '.l..! 'I4lCI~ 4 "r)Jli1Qf];~

~,{I • ~l

~ ,,: " lIJ~,y"",, """'" l1000_,. I,:o:\dG .... " • !l.l<IJ-'!I.

OrllTJt ' I I I l, . . . . . . .Ml c r t ' . .u ' _ ,I': t ' 1 tilt ~.'«kol

IlIolo4, ..

\(: . . . . . . . . . ..e __

~_)_b\,,,,,,

- a , ' ) I ' .

I~:!~~'L~~1 1 1 . \ . 1 ., .. . . . :>V.

"

I!Uc«>S". !. llO ' ll i~ eg O S 1! 1' 11 1l'( jl In t O\'~r...illinltlO

fAUOI\' Dr!Il!'. h r'rl'~cpl,. ~rhlU!I,.y nil 'un",,";," I' '. .-. -'~"',OQl~rl 01llolr cqmplJl~nt 1 \" .1 1 , . Brit"! h. -

tn 1M 2 i1 su.lh!tllntml mmlbl ' fOI f' '3 nnd p-G tl

I~I!C l ighwr 1 ) !Nmrt I I 'c r 'O mod" 1l"lIilnMc to th eCbin~ \ ! n! I ~~ 1 . .n d - le n se nn d a~ub:'llnujil11 number

,01Clnnc;~ IlJlot IVOW. OIl .! I....tb United lal 10

ul!in, Mo~t 'O r I he>o w,m! illto t he h ln !! S( Jo ,& _m ~ f'

k",n C~rnpo;u . t( ! WilllI , dl!&"ribctlol~wll{lru iOIIli>

r e p o r t . h nt S O I II 0 \I'~JiC .Iukcn di~j ly into th eO hill~ A ir F o l 'C ! ) wh i c h by !I'lis l imo "~,I.N'(o('i\·ed

• n um l ) or of I~_ 'UJ$ A l ld 0 Ic w n c Ub . . "- C lI Ln (' J< ()

B~ : !4 group 1 \ ' 1 1 . . trllillcd in th e United "Iates, bill

dill nol oirri\'cin h in u p rio r 10 Ih0 j·cnllinnlilln of

h . tillli~.

2. Ol'fjtJniWliwl.- A dm il li !l tn ll io n · ofdie hin

Ai r Foree r < ' ! ' I t e d in t h e c m m is s i o u o.r . \ e r o n l l l ! l . i c n l

AlJdiN, whose hM cI , OC 'I 1l '! '! ll h ow , \'~8 ecmmaa-

de r 0 1 t ll c n ir fo re· ", 1 'h C' (lir fo rec W I I S composed

of li ,v .(Inumbered route u ir f or ee s 11 follow$:

T ho , } lI N t ! lO ll le . ;t ir l <'O I '( 'C , lI it h h ~< lq ul lr t< 'n >

1\ I U I I I s r k i n1 ; . ,

'Th~ ' &'001111 Haut ( ) ~\irForel'. formerlv lit

I \wdlil1 nnd now di.$b~mhxl.· .Tho ThinJ Unlli.) .\ir }o~(lrt'(O nt heogtu.

Th e Fomth HQu ie Air F o l' (' (' n t IAnrhOl\'.

T i ll ' j .' iW I Rou t e ~tir o rt 'c n r KUl lming: .Th o Third nnd F ifth wrl1' I B f { l : e 1 y l .flliniu.~

Q 'l, 'I 'u lita ti ol lS . 'I 'l l" b ~o l( rt h w as o ri en te d IOll'ftrd

M G l J g ol i n and ' J : ' i I A ' t ,

3, OJllfalio6;1. -Willi, (hI) rllll ·of Kweilin, ucla

romoot Op('rutiOIlS !IS w( ' r( ' ( ' u rr i l' d 0111were per-

film 1 (>1 bv 1 1 10 F ir el nOUl t ' Air Forer f.rom ~"cb

I x i" -M ~ Pl.i;,II.~\'i,i '~n~hill. Liill l , ,~hBU, JI9.IIChUlIj t' ,

BmllJ inn. Th' \\we I l ri l lr i l, ~ lI y l i g hi ( 'f ,I\'I.'I'p;!.

lhoujl:ll O C C Jl S i O l ! R I 11 1cdiUlll-b!>m I } { ' r Ill ' io n I I 'e r ~

.~~I!(: IIIC 'dby Ih<" .tond JJom !' Group ,o lWlelil lg

Ifl'l)1ll Chihkhmg, p!lrticulnri,1 ' i n d ll ' dOSUlg, IIIg :~ '5

of th e w ar o gouI~tth .,llI]m lll> ;;(P I'('tn "<ltm g ,II]

II1111111. Iw Iniso II rorinlCllih'l'lI e< ' p llr ]~- :1 " '~

U tlU t,illl c , I I ll li nt n iH'cI I\'ih I II I' ' ,' O ll r t( ' rn I b ~\1r

Foul.' !luits 111.])1 ionrd intlltl 111'( '11 ·of Illl' N\'1~~III'l'

I\)U10l' ni,rrnre~' D n d ( ', (1 1 '0 W l) ~ lOki'll W OOOfthfllltl1

O p o r 1 '1 1 1 J O I IS .

. C(IIOn X IV

It!sUtTS O.FAfR Ol'BRATIOLScmA

"'Hlllal'1/ II} I 'OW um/tmc!lotioR rI/Hro.lillll ,,-

li) F i l\ 1 t A l li ed InndinWi b,' ' l 'o.mth Air Fore!) of(,Illl'fl(cncy s l Ipp l i< ' l! And ) ' f l i e r I ca nl sr ol '( !! 't 'l l n il :

a r r eu no rth la ; - ', iukdOI1 , ! ;Qui l l l oW_ni g ol l, L l ru l e ll -~ I

1<) • h l ln~ha i .

( 2) N um b rr o r r\'II.CIIC ( in cl uc li n[ : I Jieul( ' l191lt

G n~11i1Wflill"'ri::::ht, fJrigadicl' G~ncrol. I ll ", ( lD d

lIIJ1tllin Wc n rm t il ), " 1 '2 .

(il) TOl a l >orti( ' - ;; , UN).

O J Total ton~ hI I I II 'd , 2>12.:$,

Sc<('(io.1'IXIII

THECHIN.I!SE .".IR FORCE

I.FQ'"i!}1I illf/!f~'j{~. l !i ho rt l, y o ift er W o M W ~ rI,.11,10 hlllilll1 (iOI',('nlll\l'lIl· ~1I1 {I militlll'," lI~r

IIlllllilQIl 1 0 7 1 Cllillll ;1 0 ( mi'll ti, e l"lI~r'" inripient Ulr

f ol "( '- {' D u ri ng I hi l< l imcc ( tuipll1cnt IIlltl pr«etlul ' \ . '

I\~!'t' P~("ClolJ1inn,nll,y hillin'll. 1"" . 101 ' , ! h i~ "'LI~ UI :I J l n n l . c o d by II B ri ii ~h m i ~. i. m whirll ( ' on 4 1 1 1 1 ' 10 . 1I·~ - ... .I I< '1l1'2f' hool til hClI,ll:llll, w j, tI , o ll ly 111{H1{l1 ' l

~ t ' ( I O r d " BI!...j~ Q f ('l4in it ou tJ i" " ," 1 i n ill II 'Ol!r-

I I I1 h A ir ~ Fnre ,· MfIllOI'!ll,,11I1l! ~o, ~2ti,

,\pp"ndi~ 'U, .I ,prt ' lo.

d. & "'!l ~J.iJl/,ill!l e 1 t ! ; l I I 1 < :

,••, I~:",.._.. T o I o I

M~Jt11""1 (Ion.). m', 11'3 . GO O, " SIlO 2, 211'1',3>9'

: c . ' . . n li ' . . u rn 1 I). as ! : ! : : ! ~ . .

S .....JH q"m boorl.. ~ . 1 00 2O ,O " '..G •••..•

b, };l/<JJI-U aircraft dn,:~.:

" ' . . . . . . , . ~ ,.1,2?t

1,~7

"trial ... ",,,.1

On 1 1 « > 1 1 ,.1 b) ' .. , ""' , 1 " "

c. ENO~!J l/ oop • aliiI'M:' . 6 1 1 k i ll l 'dJ. , llfJr.,'.l. rfll;mt: I ! l . O : { 1 killed.c. 1"0 rJ.IilH),'III; " r . (fill i p lJ I ( ~ I, d« i1m;

1 - " " " " ~1,070' I Z S39

I.NS :',799

1 . 4«1 " '0 1 ' '' . . , I•..IWIruo.d 0.,.. .•.AIm", '." • ohio",· '(u,dUlll r> : , ... " . II

IlKPfru·""",~~.I.... •••

Tr,,~I<,.

~1 i "~ I I J lf lWUo I . ". 1 ~dll.~ ran "-..:on'.,,,..<o'oUI-h el~,) I!II) 3, IOJ

Xi; !{ ~ d lr « Uw . ..i,h ! . t s !~1 w ~ 1!, p.:I l1l L~ U-!7 ".r~~ru4I"f1'~ _ 1 1 . . .. ~r .~I~.... ,4Ar'

[ . T r o l, ./ I< t r o r/ i, m in lal la I ., ," . c /",;m ;l ~ _ " ' . ..I .Ilro .1 d ynd ... , , 'I" I1 00 '~~ 10 1 t J OO

~lolOr poob.... 2 22·

U,,!~ ~J HI ,a p : p r o . 1 t hft. tio't'l

1l~1' &-" ,1 I l L . . . . . . a I. '( m e . . ~ [ . . : I ~PllnQ(Oll 2J

!I. JliIili!rrl ;1I.'Ulfll/iQI ,tlllim~;

Airdrolll ......

ll.J.mo.d;_·ft",1 'f"I'

t·(dII£l..1 poiul".

l ~U ., (~ l~ l: 1aJ J: "P -

v,~.. 1l1~luWnl lil!>tl.""" ~" 1 > 1 " . . ,. . .. . . ..

Iwn (10"1',,~I~1

A . 1I1'Ply , ,, ," 1 ,1 1 "1 / ;' ,, ,, • cloill :

1 1 1 0

201 ~G t l

311 'ISij! 32

' ,lS'l • ; :

3 . ' ! : : 3.212 '7

~,ortW'" -.n":_",--

D<"~i, 11I,/v.tril1lIQrtI'l' , daimJ;;

~.. ~ori<- . •!j,hn' !,nd,Id'~~..air' ,.......,.,...,....,•

1I~,_ ..1<)

j. OIhrr , f ,I 1W I !I " • . - 1 , , ; 1 1 1 ' , :

( \ .1n ]"_" . I l Ld . .

1 I "I J il h. .. . •H. ",!.~,*-(.UUI t...

23 11 3

H 13

21 U 1.3'i!J.;. I ";, 1 (1 ;11

3ll

93

/,; , RpiiI ' ( )(J4 illl,...irli,m:

(l) h",tli Ifldto-HM: . '

(a) In 1!l·U II nl;ninmn! o( . .i . - : k"~' hntl$.:"

lin..C 'C l l ll in tluu -iy ino j' l o' nni " . . on n\~[Jlllttllol-. li I F·,. ..., on ( 1 ' 1 1 0 10-S:!!g (ln UU) ram . l'uJ\llIoJ ,.

~phil' ,:"J(1 fi" lIn~itlrd ..

(b) T, (I prinl 'i l' ll 1 l I'pl Ii r 01OP" 9• \ !I ll !

find (;,islslD 1\'"0'''' plll.,ul 01 (I!K'mtlO~ fur

,Iumlion ,n{ '" a r. I'b(lI~llhl(' 'OOJlhlTllll·

ilon.) .(e) In 194':;, III (Ior ilIon' , , - . , y o III lo1g. were

ou~ orofM'mlion Ihrou;: I"111,1 onesrh (I f four

ma in lio ... IIl.Ilialin~ Il"lnl Hiluoi 'hoto·

!:mphi.c':ollfimlatiou,)

(Z) S(JrM CUllIJ,- (oofinurd h~'ptlolo: ;mph

&Ild .TaplUl ., I tunony Lak "n II.Ill'f \ " ,J . . III)',)

(I) Dridg .-Brid·" 1I113ck~ ..lop,...1

IbroUj;:b I.TQm~ . 'nliro.·ly 011 Xorlh Pill~bau

RIliI",IY ;;0 ]l\ ' rcro~ o f l in ll ' U I cfurill pt'riod

in l04S . Kc\"" y e llo w R il'er B rid l!" oul of

opt'mlion lW'~ltlinh of time in ), fl~h • •cl.prii,

n nd .:" >.lu . I ';;'.

( 1 ) ) Rolling ~Ioek. Durin~ 194;'. due tn

"ir .!tlck:,. th,' foUo\\ illl: pl'lt'entn,gl':> 01

ICI«)tnQli," V.l '!"t ' I I I oPN"P.ling: ,_0.. All U<JI1 b In a t Io I! ro .w :I • 11

On lC~ nil to,..,.,h M0" !i'oulbrm ~ R&ll.~ •••• _ •• 7(1

( ') R t' Jl lt ir ho~.-AII"dt~c>n t l . . . hOp~.1I1

T.,inDJI in ),tun-b (!U.:i tedn~ I IC I romo li l' (O

94

" 'p o ir c u pi lc it y by 6 G( }( 'r ce nt , an d ( 'n r " 'P ll ir

l",~ci~)' by 70)1.1'N'l'nL All~e~ on t lnahoP li

nt Tni:O'1If1II. Kft l r " l1j ! " . ulul m.1.'IOlI~ P r o t h . !Q I ) , I

"imilsf 1 ' I . . . ltlhl in bQthl1U !\ 'gOnes lind t 1 1 0 0 e I '

Shihl 'b inrhu81Ll; I l cC t)m l1h . . .~llI'd11\' \;DOle l V : ; r u i l

II IOClIn;.

(d) Trnffic, 1'hirty~fiv' 11~n . ·e l1 t o l 'e r - a lJ

inc, ,""'" fr ol l! 1 93 . 10 194.2 II',\; "Ollipiell ' lI ,

I () ~t h \" " IIl-IJ. of which . 5 I W!'\ wI IL \\:8~ a i.t r i b l l l ~ by the , l B I .I U U @ ' . r o t. o till' FO l 1 r t l ' < ' u t ; h

Air Fol'L.'(!. Air ilUUl'k. . . in lli l' t lp rmg or 19~, ;

O.COOII I I ICd fo r clit~>C1 25 pcrcNI( I mffic~~due .

Ion on north Ilinn rnilronrh s. D urin!; the

spring-ot mlii. r tl Hr on cl lr of fi e f ro .m t il l' U Q lt l1

10 11,( ' 110111 ; ;01 \ ' i1l\'n wn s fNlucoo 7 , 5 p t : 'I 7 e fD I

an d 1 0 the Xn.f lkilig-SlulI1J ::l lt l i 1 ' 1 " , 1 1 -iO p t : ' r t ' ( · n L

b)' l'Iir 'IURck.

2. IIi, m Orl'm (nt o j lroops.-A. 1 1 I U I ! ; c or lir

l I.e lil· il y in hina requiring wl\jor eom mu m ~nts of

n ' Il I '~ rO r t , lI i rtm f t and fuel sreeks \Ill' the mo\<e-

nieut b): ai r of over 300,000 lroop~, ~ro"' ."llIenl,

e xe cu te d b ... lil" Tenth A ir F orC l' and tho .\ir

TI'lIIl~POTI '('0111111 0: lid have been discu~ in

M'ClioM deveted to Ih ...ir acti\"itilo;;. Liktwil".F o u r ' e nuh A ir Fort'c ffio \ 'cmonts-with the ex-

«'ptioll of lw o IJroj 00I n ot n sso ein te d withlo tround I'nn\{lai~~-bl)\'e been I't'J.. rred 10 in

re5]lt1("liI'c t 'nmpui~1 n cc ou nts. Jfig ul" \" .S on 1 9HlIir mov~ ruOI l l of t !'o o~ t( l lil" , Iw~cn front ar enot currelllly u\'.l)illlbll', TIle following tnhla i. >

i l ldutl~ 'C1 hl ' ro fo r n,rtlFl'lIeopnrposes:

3 . O r .t r- < IU r a u il l: o j_ a i r o~/v. llnr"i~ C ' 1 ~I :r l lJ _

, \ 1 1 i!llerpr~t.arioll o f th ~ d isc u. io n 1 ' 1 1 1 1 1 tal i~iics

" 'l Il lI il l1 1 (1 . 1 11 th o 1)1"O' ' IOU.9 !>(lotions , 110 ,", ' I h o

f"nowllll::: to 1 I 1 : 1 . \ ' u b o on m f l lo r OO l i tr ih l l' li ol lS o fRi r

pO\I '~rin h ina to th e d~Jcn_t of ,Japo.n.,r.• , \ . i r powor knpt Imulo.II th o War:

(I)rJ~h . l ri ~ j: do o f lluPplil'S p n ll 'i dt 'd d u ri ng

Ih 6 d ark (lQl'Iod whsn Line W IS o fh en vi el'nlirolycuL o lT fro m t ho o ul.t lid c w orld W I! .S I I

p ro Dlis o o f futuro aid, w hi dl,t bt) ug tl i mi g-nmcallt in i t & : l l f , was anindi. pel isabl fJ mora lef ;l !. ct o. rd u ri ng { li o y o a r 1 9 42 .

(2 ) Tho A VO e ud lts ueeesser, \JIO ATfo ' .

~'Onst iub<!{l theGn lyolT CH si v tl f 0 reo in Ch i 1111

during (h e oluch' period of mounting .Ulled

t-b~ckil.T hoi r b riiii B n t e~plo i 1 1 ' 1 , eeuplct.lw ifh tok .m up]) li " ,v em th en tb o so l t.,),-

g ibl c I l" id cu c - to lb l\ ' h im - s o ] lo o pl o ol Allie.1! in l ·( l l( ) :3 t n I h0 ir c a u se ,

(3 ) Ai r 1 I0WOr ended J .a p a nC> ! 0IiI ' bombard.

IMlt. ,o f Ch iu ('S .o c it ie s w h ic h , u nt il IMZ, bh d

bNI! unoppOsod.

(4 ) .A ir po wo r w ns th o c l 0 < : i d i n g f ac to .r i ll

I'rul'Itrating JI\PBIl." oITem;i\··e operations intile h n ng be h ( DQ C ('m i Jc r 1943) , I{w c iyang(Dcoombor IllH)., Hslan (; .\pr il 1916), and

'blllkiang (M.a.y HitS) c6Irlpll . igns,oomplot e

sueeo _ i n ony enu 01 w hic h w ou ld I Ul oI 'e p c" -

mi.tlcd ( li a . Jn pfm c sc to oocllpy tho principal

W(l;\I h h i li 'en t(T.I 0 f ro;! . is lnne" 10 null i fy

Iii G rom~in i.ng I1 U t 110';.1)1 of til C I \ l 'nr1ynnsl!! lb l( l 'entrlll: Go"~rI11110nt, In d 1 0 p u ll u

cnd to OTglmi7.Cll res.is!!lIoo on ~hc oonlinen. l .(5 ) In Ild ch tio n 10 rnl t,nhns: Jllpon~

e am p l. li gn oi Jj ce lh ' , oi r polVcr. ' 1 hMUS? U~i nt c1 l 8h~ o n ll d s us ta in ed Illiack!'on North

Iliualoc om oti\'cs, occ ording to b.~b Jlpn~os:mi! iIQ . . . .. . .t ( , imom' fo r ced l\ doowol1 IIgaIU

IIndcr;~ldng Ihei{unlniHg-Chllngkin~ offen-iVa becnuse ~rill uffi.cicntIOCOJJlotlV('S to

mil.ntiOin n e e C S S 4 1 r " , 1 SlI l 'p l ,y l inca .

' \ . i 'I II ' IDp l o\ 'T I lO J l t o fI , . :u . : . " pOwer rnotl\' 8te.,. I I '~ .. Tiro 10" ' ;0.~ " " " ' O O O JnpruulllO t roop !II untl. .; .,-

li'l4IIruPIlOr1 to n , c so troop,; m ig b~ o (h cl'l'l! h ll'Q

lleilo ulilh:cd i n l 'n c if io Ol~t!n :tlions.T . III

(I) A ccord ing to ,JRIIIU\~ l~~~~ II'IIS

lI.'ori")', offon~h'c strotcg,Y 1111 ., . Uniled

. h rl '! C l( '( 1 p r im a r il y l owl 1 rt ! IIOul~trung:o~ I

St . ! !! tes u i .r b o s e s i'. 'CClftru. I III 11f t . I·1 " " " . II\, ,"II· 1""'1\' U 'ov <,;- L U U ( l O D , O O O ,Jnj) llhO Sll .'roop . ~ 'n t il ~"" t . . . ~ ., ., " ,. "0 l)QnouS. I' . . . . .I I I1J In . . . .. d lJ rmg 011011.. ' ..

I•• ~ym'b!-t

Qf~

~I<» I 'J o rl t< w ' " ) { .~ .11,111 ,'",I!. Do.

~:G" ,..... ...

I ~ R .~ "" ," 'K,-l.:':'''' noI~J" lID

,al '''',1;;9 ·C ' . . t " " "

"'::1. IN

1'\IIf....

\"1

I :l II ru fl *~ 1t 'I l in d " "~ t"" l ' l in ldIQr holding

1 \ l: I L' lI d rd ~ I JI I ll y lin during till' inL cn'n l .

(2) B)'t~ lilM)I), eru. Gen. Takohn-bi,'iii!,! 01 ' li IT , X " o r ti ! Chin l Eql<~li{iolll!")'

F ore &. " . .: }'OUM ·"Ib Ai r fo~oK!( l teOunk'dlOf' G O 10 iii]X'l'e"I1.~ 01 . I I J Oppos :i l ion in tfl

c ll liPIl it :;n in Ih<' lib -ne.. t) f " 'I lic h I II ll

.JaJllln~ wilirl hI"'" mtll·, -d all, 'lu'«1 inClIi.nnlll "ill,

e, A ir I lO w er . t ru ck ( ;I , or. l /l blow from binIwhich "rtlllk(Onrd IJu",IlJUi~, 'Jlp&n wa r poltmia,t

(I) lippinj:" ·I!lim!'d d lroyed by I I '" .

}o'OIlIl,"'ntJ, Ai r Foreo W1!. i'qlllll W IJlpro:d .

maldy OIiNixlb, and d '1I'OyM pl u dJlIIIagt'f1

W II S eq ua l 1 0 n pp ro xi m li l.d y o ne -t hi n: ! of th oe n! :i , • JIIp.lUl~ mCn'1 , a r l~ Il'l..-t II( 111l' IJI1rin-

rullg of tho war, 'Tho TIL' o f d truction

from hina bI a ion \' war. equa l to the

JIlp«ne;<Oea.pllbil i~y for neween t ruCI iOI l.

(2) Int rdiclion or North bina Railroad

IIToolcd th e \ l l lrooonoIDY o f t h e e nt ir e natiou,

!\ III J Il p« D I ( ' wllr economy wa s hing.-d 10

CL'tploilalion of indu. Ii ll ' nOr lh Cbinl. Tilt.

~:xp!oilaliml Will> tli:~l'IJptl'(!:by b.uerro eem-I 1 I U J 1 i c . a lions.

r / • • \ . i t ~lO\I'(!f f l . . o ; OOn hilll contributoo b oo \i\y

t o a t tr it io n o r Jjlp an m ilih 'lry P O'" "C ,I '·

(I) .\ppro:<imll .~l.v ' I ,OOOaUorafL claiml'dd ttoy ed or d i l lH I lI l . . . .1 Wit Iour lim th e

n llfl!~r ft~ a u y O I1 ~ I lm " l o c al l' (l i n llinl and

rip pro "i m.I • .. t Ihe c o m l N l . ' ~11\ . ' l1~lh o f ('h~,

t'nliro Jllplm ~ air fom ' ill 194~. .(2) By· hin . c o u n l . .~'~n;Jan lh~ , , ( ( . 1 1 1 ' 1 "

III~nlollh·eJllllal1""" d"'r:,;lo[l~ w.-r kdk-d

b" air alllll 'ks Iud tllol1.<:and'so r tO ll, ? f W!lrni(lt~ridw!.'to de s lro r( '( i o n , J .p an .. - .. c 11 I I ~of

rollUnunicalion.

" 1 1 " " ' ' ' ' ·C . f l i Iv . 'I : \ fl cd J .opn ll .plllllil C or , I X -·c , l\ ,.- • ,_. II "hr .himlinlhtl Grl;' ll ll 't E a; .t . .. . In SoC 1~1II0;pO ll'...... - '. .,.

(I) l lyiiminll l i l l l ; ~UbUl II1(\JllPWTNlblc

mililary! 'uppt, f ronl roil. 1lI1'1"('nICnl8"

. (2) By d il !~ pl ~n g Y lU lJ lt zo traffic m .'~arJy\'00 r.;I an d rl.elll~.\·IT!l:! I I lmo~ I c om pl c to mi.\ ' r - -

d irliollin 1 .1 l-t6 . ... (3 ) By dlmilll\ ling: pracut ' .II lIYflU bu"~.

d i sp enS iU lD m i l il l \l } " 5 ~ PP~ ' " !romsNI~O\',,""n~ through 1l\(I1I11\~InppUlgcall1pfllgn,

I I I (~ ) 'B y r r u . ~ ' llin gJ1 pllne :;( ' . pln,n. fora.

t' 1 1 0 1 '· , .IIId 1ill0 C I 0 0 11 1 11 1 lI iM h ol l. 'I f ro tot'Oll III ~. . , .

D ot 'lh 'h iu R 1 .0 I m lo -- 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 .

95

Secdon XV

C ON ' 'LU IO NS

Tile- opera tion of th" J o ~(m r t( '! l' D l b ,\ ir F o _ rc l '

h eon ' lit t ll1ltlSl.ocr II eh.. " , ,~I~riz .« l ! l O S " pi c r iJ 11 I

I• -n, ., T'·~' ......ph,' unfanuliAr"ilb Ih ~

:::c~:; ~rheJ]hirr-~ r-rl...i a l ' (l'rmill•.(he(>1L~ml·. aud the fOn.ll'\'l aMlilobl~. Jr"lIBI I~!I~

b ll C ll • e n t iC4lof llll' nH lll re of I b~ "~1 ' t"l1 lII."

!IiiOpen(iORS.

In t " 'a l uI lLin (: , ! li r ojk'lIIIlioll:> in ('I,iull it w ill 1 1<.'

Wl'U«rn~lftlld\' 10 bo'. tin Illimilliat.

:lli- pow e r · " ,o r i 1 .{ ' < 1 ", ;Ih R 11I",, 'Hie~l~pp6rt

Dd£,\u!!I1'DI ttm MQ! fOT ~WI'Infantry din'!Qn~.

Air dIort",.s." .lin'('I ....1 around a 2,OOO·mill '

fN 1 l 1 1 I { ;1 l i n. ~ t" I ! l I In~ r ien l l~ · ~u l~ " ;o r ,fill foreo fUi11

~illl:!l lin "nl\\' of "H~ 81111 UIll ' -hall million

, J I1PU_1lI~ ~lInd [1'00)1"',

• · nio r B ir romllUllld"f>, in ('hi ni l fully 1 I 1 1 1 1 1 : ' r -

:-10011 li n' p rin ci pii ' o f Ilppl.~ illg ~lll1ki~1l1tJrt.i 10

!!('II!Mlli:tea ¢'."!L III.r),:d (If ,y.t'llI hU I rb e fo",o

\ \~ lL~1\",', '1' p " . .. illllJll'.

T A r ' u~ 1 'o < Il Ia ir I1'6U9'J wloirl . IMJI q,f(jpfi,J fo r

_,. "''' 0.( .1.,..;01;. t " m ' i r " , ,' , l ]" rt jf Jr t" . ~ on «

""Mel< !OJ." tb ',,,,,1 (II /rNj) ,,,( , ! l I p ' l 1 o C U uffwllJr,«in all ""tU

n th e FllIlnl'('lIth . : \ ' 1 1 " F o l lCO ' l ll d o o l lC< ' ll l nu l ld1111of jl~trikinJ:' [lOW'" 10\( '111'11 Ilnyonr .!lIpO II, .

II.~3 I1Ild had, II fe<ld I, C(l1111.Il'h'l,y n e u I m l i : r . c . < d1 1 1 1 1 o ( I I I \ . " l I ,('hili", 1II.....n w h i h - , I,rol.lnbl~ " , Q u i d IU1\·

hef,'1 n\"('lop.'d frolll f ou r ( ll b~ r tiir<'ClioJI>\ . Th ~

J"p.;tllt~ ha d til" n~'(' 'III')' " 'I \ 'nl: ' l ll 10 t'lIplu",

lh (j.... , ..m b~ IIJ\ d.~, I\ullmin'" un.! '1 m Ilb"'-i l ! ' .b y 1 n (1 \' 1r q : from n ·;ut. li 'w lko,"" IUlVon, Fn'Jll 'IJ

Indoo:binn. lind th o " til "" , 'II Kin'.. froliL T.hll

re-i'lll!Ilw IU' l 'UA 'llier,' .1Imllillded th rough 2iO

dt-gn:"" 0 ' III t1ocl!. II \l lUJ!ord)J " !J ~f; 1'U', "Il

fi (- t "" I ; , , 0 1 . . ~"" j " 1 /1 )1 / . Iy o j /b tz li J ~ « ' }, '" r: r1lll_~ r; td •.

OT!JIl n i:rd ;IIM/IV' Comprl-<j I ( ) Wil l l -"" ' , I'lIth~ r IhlT!

Ililhl~'r o r 1 ; ><" l Ib o :reO lJ lm8 J ul ~, . .. .. r . . d . 1 I . · lo l n . . . . II

B veMrlil 10 impl' 'l IMlt 1 1 1 1 ' TI'1lui...·ml'l'1 Ihll\ Ih~

,'tlPllJl~"'·(llIld 1 ' ( 0 .Ullrk.. unT Lh e ""lin' !'(Oil.

~~Il('"h compo"ih' " ' iug : w. "14IIk ' ' ' I ' l ' I ' ' . " ' lllipPl~110 han! IllI' .lu.pmlt· in it. 11-.iJ(lINI Ill fl_~ IIr

R"> if "CII l "i b il il y . ' 1 '1 , 6 11"' -'&5 " " " I ' ( : "'lI "11)1"'> ali(I dl '

tl!:i'gl!l:6 wl'm ~J,ijYl'M 11"'1h oth I i~ h\j'rs m illIHlm;ix ' l l ' W're m ' (: h. _' lI I) · i :u " til willg. '

'l'ddWl/{Y. Tllel l ics an d 1(i'IJJlillll(~ d'lw(lfllPI,.j

f tOlllbll t an d c o op er ul ; 01 1 am essont i n ll \ ' ~ i rr l il J lrQft'l ft, d~~~lo[lI,,1 i!1 Oilier UI{ 'nLl ' I '$" HOII!Q\ .r r10 l~_ " '1 '1 ' '" .liUll' d( l ; Il <'«lllt'reUoll WI· I . une -. ground

l ro o jl o i W I I S IH ); siMo - ·hone!'. LOC ' IU I \ , .' ( !1 8 Wf l l -

11\'I lo ll l imtil lb ' S l " 1 . ~ ' C l o c l .

I , fl Jl t, ;c tl lly. -'Nlu' OV{, f' "l lU wor l lo t~ ul i1 l1 e r

II L'-n~IIIY l in t i O I l I\S 1\ wlu~lll Will! ll\ '.nllllllcd mill nIr _ I ,.II I'

m ajor a ir ( ' IT " " , \\U.~ IllVwn ~m !1 ~'II '" : 1 ' " linl."-

of till ,julllln e: .u E mp lr'il n l I ho ' ' ' ' ':Iwln, of m o.

l o c o J l I "pl·fI'I,lion.~ in ,him,. T ho ~l'a 611d h m d '

lin,"I of co nuuunieat ion \! iut! to IiI' JIIkID~'

wa f IOC01>OI l I , , l " Ih u~ beca me 9 tmU!g i c I"' rgi:~<." , hi ll ' I h l. ' ~tNI(_'g,\" o f Ih e l Vo r 011 1III1cOItLiu"ull \ ·a .

u . u l l t ' l l at kN1,llillg dlil , .JnplI lI~ o lf b nl m l. :; o lwe~

It", en Ii'1: 8NII.Of ' r41"!t io signilicouc(O for .fu.turo war:'! \ \ ' , 111> I h L '

dl(~"lll/Im,' " J p;r ,IfdlNt[1lJrt (jl,u~li{"',8, to (JIIJ

l l ' i f i l i l < C f r iT l( J" . fir. a tctllt nerer ul<IIQll~,1 6t}~'r

/I" 1£lJ~.

T I ll ' f nc l tb8 t 11f!1!!.jor C'!Jll.Pllig!!·~JUld b e f ou g hl

I,.uih'll· "ilhoul lsnd or "l\ll liuL'lI o f c omn lU l li c a .

r i o n in till) u I M ' l I t i n g ' thl'uler' l I l o y Imvo 1 ) : 1 ' ( ' 1 . 1

, . j: ' '' ll i li~ .mC t ' fo r (u lu l' \ ) ~lnlt<:gi~tR.

.Append'ix AA

Ih....oq AIn-I]1tii Fe JI'I'EI:K1'1I Am FOllce

1 5 -'! 33 . \. 1'. O . 627, . 10 I '05TJoIM, , , . I lH

B y olld,orilyofIG , M ; , \ 1 0 '21 .\lurdl nw)

Dol<

: \~I ' ln~"l!;r~dlll}....u.M··2 ..

; - " 1 . , 1 1 1 0 :

Hl h \1 " U . . .. 2 D

i} Pll~,\'"

. 1 1 . , \ .mCW11"T:

. . \. J }~ I< I ,? IP · I, .\11 t ' IHmLY 8i~rnrl j~ (,<lII"i<l, ', ..,1

II•. IK'J,.·d 111(·01lI1)IL I when 0 1 1 1 ' Of 1 1 1 1 ' 1 1 \ \ or t I " .((lHlIW,illg 1 1 \ obscrvl" i: .

I . I rlk( '::! the gr{lund Or \ \ 'f I l c r.o!> BCl 'f tkr ; . \ l 1 J ill till' (li1',

; : BII I '! 'I I>i IIIWlw.I\ ·Y !l'Oln~.

t, T hl! pilot of II ingle 6I'31NI b , i f( ! lu( t ] ) f li l . 1)111,

U. P,obably drl'ltfl/jed. An ! ' I1{ 'my lIircraft i. <

Clm~ id{' n .' 11probn .b l ) ' d ( l $ tr oy cd ill c om ba t I I'h rn il

i. "", 'n to sulft,r d nll Jl IJ ll ' ( In ti i tl lll ;- l'l ll Il 'l IL l ie -

h lll 'w r I ra dl < ( (, li lt, eenelu ion IIII! ;L it will t;m<iil,

tbOll j ; l l , ' l Io t , iI 'Il l l i .t , . .I)·ISf\I'I' til do ro o Th~ l.lrt'Sl'IIC"

of wbih' smoke mu t II{ 'OOllSid l·rnh[ o .I I lliloollplrd

nilh ob"iflU:lIA.ek of eoutrol , S fJm k~ ' ~illl: from

.!II "il'Cmft or '~ ll Il n~ . In ek of I "on lr o l is ill';uffi"ir>nt1 , 0 j l l , ; 1 i(\r OIls tloirn.

('.DamQ!lrd. An ell{'l1ll' lIill'ftl'l iii e(),, , , ,id~",,1.1I1II1I{, , '\'I I . wh II:

I. O!J,;~rv-Ci1 to 1M > l li l .

2. I"i{ ' ( ' t 'S lire k!lockNl QIr,

3. 'rl1l'''' ill ud d c n en~I1Cl smoke .

m . R,\)UIOJ\ DS:

A . In roportin,g ottocks upon OT o 1& : ' 1 " \ ' 1 1 1ions of

rtilrondroiling' SIMk,ill(' f ol lo w in g i te m s "'iII II<'

C Q v ( ' I " < ~ 1all ( .'O t ni ll el d: ~r !l s p o . ihl~:. .I. 1 . 0 ( ' 1 1 1ino! rolting s I . O C k or trn in b y ~I'CIIOII

"I m ilw u)' ( ".." , 1 1 . 1 1 I I d , \ ' ( 1 list), l h . , , li l 'l '( ' I;O I l i n

IIth id ' . lmin i Iwndt·,1 ( lml IIMlI\ 'SI (l'rmiIlHI own,

2. 110llr or nUnck or OI.>Sl'I"Vlllion.

3. ' l .) 'po 01 Io<:ollloth'(l (.ll'lIm, mOlor. ell'.).

typc . oI l' lI f ( bo x , 0 1 1 1 " pi ' 1 : ' 1 I , ! w r , 1 ' 1 . 1 . ' . ) , lind u u m ·

~'of t'tll'l;. • •

4. IIIf.ornUi t iOIlI\." til· Ivhelit 1'1' (Ir nlllt !\ ll!Jl L~

Io~d t-d , ~ W (,nll,. k ind of c argo, l~ Irnhtnbl{' ,lnd

IOlild he giv e n ir 0 " o W n 'o o . . r-5 . lVhcthn t~i!l (If r ol li ng , IO ( ·k i on." lilt:

O~ l l ' L I I I i u Itl'I l'k . .H lm m pl i': " A tm.il\ \ l . ' i t h ~ " ' I ! I 1 T I lOOOlltllh\'(>, 10

r . . - a (\ (11'1;.0111] : 1 1 11 \1 r l \ T 1 > h)adl~1 will, I'nl~k~ 01 1

~tioll 1, nl ltJ:JO I lOlli'S. tnl\ ·"liug norU. 101.., ...1l .inl~1)II

I l Z ' - , \ I . llli\'c' ",ill hI',. -')tJIiI"f/y~'lloc()lIlotli't'""-" _0('011'

t leimt~ll t - ' l dt""l.royt,,1 \ \'h ('l\ ': . II. IHI dittod]y by O ll l' o r !Ullin' ;' jIJIIl.poll I II or

h l 1 l : ( O rOOl l ll.,_, •,ut'. ..'. • r I Irn~" a ,

2. Or ~"'II 1< 1 ( O '~ .I '! (l do o m l r ol l 01 '.'0 - I II,~ ~ 1 ·'·i;unpro.IIJt•."11l0[ Ill! u . U . l ( i k Ilud n'l'l)I'l'fJ I·I'h.I -. '].( thlll II KILnI J 0 1 1 1 11 1 ' (IO U Ill' Iiin b I e ! II I 1 1 ·1 1 t " ' -

OPlmiITIO~1I -OI'y.rv.TION,\.I, Rt:['QJlTii

IThi.~ III t '1 II0IDu<lurn UPVI~Dll ' l It M e ll ll 'l ; ;! j~ 1 3.

OrH' ' ' ' l liollni n"porL;, lG DN','lflh,'r 1 1 1 44 , ~ ' I' en t O

;jJ) .' .20, l'H~ll Olll' l' I ' I ' liolLlLi ond 11I1! 'IIil-"'ILt\(' Rcport,Ii }o', 'I I I1I1I1'Y 1114:'" nn" I rU ur U I 'I )Q fl iI lS : - . £ . . t l l ( I I I '

f or I b il ll ft _\ , "r'lll.'C~ •. 1 : \ 1 n ' r o b 1I}4$; , 1 1 ' 1 U ! 1 1 I ' 3 d -

'11JII.rt,·,n; n ! ! d 1'I'' 'l'illd~ t h O l l < ' ! lo r l . . i ll 1 '0 1 l0 iO I. )

I. (l,LSfilUI.:

~no"~"r '~'IIJlUlllI~IU"l! I.JI)C!'tltio!l~limit.., '~::.I l l l l r01l ' IIILy IIIN/I 'Ort l l lg ' L1L'ltm(jIlQII~ II l1d tI~ IIU( l l l' o on I8i l l~ ' t1 1"'I\.in H i I I I II hi' odh • ." "" U, by II

ullild o f 1 I1 ~'Htl l . : \ J o "

l '1 t p lo - . io l l 1 1 1 0 1 '1 1 'l\ m I I o L Iionrudh· r., . . uh i n I I Il ', h . . ., nl( 'lioll of .. l'toroll!lIli, ,' • -

" I Jq , fl y " " 1 1 1 , , ! ! ; . 1 / " " ' 1 1 1 1 ' , 1 ; " . .l 1 '11")11)0' ; ' . ,

will I", ..Inilln,,1 IJ 1..lly dllnll,lIC.~1 ".IIi.II:

I.1\ Cdi' m t" " - i~II' 'OlnI~ ""N' i to r...1 0 11 till'

I l l I rk , " Bl ld 1It<'fl\'(''': """"hprol~hl l '

2. Or , lin. . .~hil ,~nre ""'"wl " ,illll.oQIJ'I~.I"",lh,,,n

. & 0 0 · ' . . . . 1 11 11 1I nll In on ' 1 11 11 11 l OO -p G ll nd i ll " '" i; ,1 1 1

l Iu d r ,' «w , ' ., ' " ' ' ' ' I l l . ~Jlro!.111"'.:1. O r < : (I (' nh) ....pJndc .Her 1 1 1 1 IIUI!<'k.

ell" " ~IIO IlM h, ' 111101'(011nO I til " 'pG rt.i" 'I ,ly •~utldj',Jl, l·ioJ,Jl'nt pmi . . . .iolJ " r ~t~m. , Gil I'xp!(;.iolIL

"E'i: I I ]otlt" " , . " , , 1 1 . : 0 < i n I 'm i , ,; '' " Or'lU·ll!l1, bill it .:I"".1 ,0" II I , " ' 1 1 , , · IMr t M i l , ,· IrHlOIIIoli' 'lolly I b ro u;:,hth., air.

fl. l )ama! l" / IW 't Itm4 il 'l '. -A 1 0 1' 0[l}OIi ..... w h i . . J.I ,, ,. 1 . .. '/1 oh"iolhly , tnlrk lW mnd,ir"·"I.:un I i" , · urbomb, . 8 1 n l w i l l 11,,,,1 111 ;1101 ' In m!Joll"l1Ile ""'I~jr

!wlol\' it ea n I" , p l n " , , < ' 1 ill ""·",i,,,· IIIJtljill\\ ill he Mil., ; '11 '"" "Ii!ll.f:~r.

I':. DuJro)Jtilmil trlr.-.\ rtlil I'llT will l.. • ,",IIJiuvd

u, . ." ' . . lrol'.~I'","h\'II:I •• ~ to r~.I)lod .. (Ion),;cr).

2 . O r bu r n I lI r i" l: L ·I~ ·.i~,Or hil ,lin... I ,y b y one ormore oomb:< lind'

~,'('J) 10 roll oI I 1h. , 1...1fk. . . .

) < ' . &t//~ dl),nlltpd mi l MT.-A m il m r lI'iII I" "

rlll,iml'<l., I N I . ( I I " d.nlllJ:l~1 1 \ ' 1 . . . 11 :I. n il .Iio"'11.1 b,' or... or mono hOIll . lx, butnot

" E'\ ·n 1 0 l ul ll )l T I h ~ I re,t'kl.

Z, 0r hil by S . lm l i ll !! ' " " " " , '( '1 I 10 roll orr Ih "Im.: ;k·.

G . D i 1 m t J ! k " o " / mil C O l T - A ! \ II il nnr "ill 0 0 · C i : l l i n " " , I ,

'II d""l11lll~l,'Iw n: ,I. ' 1(!IIrI~'lInd ,,1}1 (lu.;I." lut by • il '1t Iiul,!. IlIIl

n (II ~.('('nlo to u n1 or roll 0 1T I L (. I T'lu:k""

2. Or.. ~II tl) 1'1111ofT Ill<' Imd.~ as .. co n ~U"lIl"

, If l il o 1 ( )( '( I 1I l0 1 '; \ "1 ; ' IUl\"ingjuml"'l"'l tl", I! 'u .e· • hill

!WI !IS " I'I! lilt of ! l i t > ; by bomb- o r , " Irn ling ,

,,~. 011100 :

, \, 1 \' 1,('II It" ~rrill(: hI nI i Ju II IYb~ , I ! ;t I • ~h~ . \ ' !t ri ll00 'J "tifil~1 1" , l IU I !l bi '1 " II f O ll in ' I II p ro cu d I . I.

r - {' " r,l'I ,,!tid; hl\'" b.. ' t'11 • .Ii'~.ibll'tl"j! If! .,,11head ·. . p o > T , ' ,·ft '11 I' .

- , •. , und ' lu r1 lw T ,,1 "1 11 1"'< ,\ . I '" ,dIlJ~ro;mlllll l<"qy""~ I!:<" "_ _.. lk IQ I IC f" , ,' , h, ' " "1 111 io~,II. , __• •_•

. C , , - n'I~'" ItIIi:UI lI I hrl ll~I ' No . 23. III ' \C ! !C l I' I " ,c,~null' ,-, " " I ' "1 - 1 t·1. ' :, ."'lIth III . i\n.\"IUII: '.on the 'ill . IIn"l·26 nlll'l·.... . c ,

t I ' "I'!).~j.'Jhidj.: are \'(!Q' ",,!dam oolnplch>ly fI('-

97

II ~ InL""' ' ' ' ' abul-II'OYro; eempon lit pa rI ; .lIe 8 I

. d !!If> d. Ito'" .Ultn~, plt l' t<, an appl'O!!!' I, • td - ! > r i d l t e,

. In r cp on in tl ' d am ll }, !' t ll O I( 1 01 1 ~ould b. "

." com ponent d 11 ' 0 )' 00 o r dam.~:J .

Ii ted. . d 1 ''''''II ofE lt nm p la : " Pi J: 'l "l )~ b l t- . ..·~n'lU eon .....

B rid ·v <> '> lion.'t 2 '; m Il ;\O O ut!!1 .\D}..n~,n _ , 0 . " " " , , I' 1 11 •

d roppin the I", in I I I 'ill( 'r. alll

l < 1 l l) . 1 l d roy ." , ." , .D. D "'!If'/ 1'01I.-Wb~n. trus or gtl'der ~

b lo wn o il il~ootin!:. pi r r . bu tl ll ~n t. . a n d drop.,·

into (11 W l lt 'r o r h A l > on e 01 i t- m lIloots -< e ~~I

or bud J,'C l . II ,,- t ru < or ¢n:I r e , n-quired 10

plsee lit brid .~ in o~ralion spin, iI ; 1.'0)1'

'J re I d ll'OVoo.

E. Dom4~d I.-.\ < ; p a n thlll I bctltlIeckl'li nd rtpainllre m'l'o <all b.,<fol\·Ih~ p~u

u i I~..m ~m ' oP l!J'ltiona l . COII~idl'l ' 'fl

tillm ed .

\!. PPI~U:

A. In reponin'" g b i p J . l i n l ; , the j O U l 1 A nn y 0 Jl1 l

~l\\: mr-thO<! for Japul l" '" I II ' r ch l l ll ~ AA ip I ) ~

t nnag> and Japam ... I 'l!bip ;,milion ,ballbe used ...J·n ver pra((i(" b l e.

B . In r i"a tta ck .. n, r S j:b lU IjtS of,

or-my 'an.g ing \' " , he h o ur o f ~ i lt h l; n! ,( ,

lhe coun.c 01 th e \·t 'I, I l l to poRit ion by lal iludll

lind Iongilud a nd num .....r r v ~ in e O D \ ' o ~ -

~'fllI be gi\'en ",h11 ' I i lb lings 81\ '1 I I \l I d ~ a t 1lQI.

In N'portinft altao: 011 ri\' r miPJlulg Ibe tyJM' of

"hip (I. , !i& I Jl pp n . i un k , bal'l::", IN · jl lh l " ', ·tt-.) ,I I, d in et io n of uavrl , WbOlll \ ' f 1 0 d l : I or rnp~~·.

near town s.hould lH ' !til'ell •

• un!; r(~ 1,-.\ Vt" I <l I IU h d llim ,,1 II

l in k w b en :

1. O~I"\ 'OO I {to t > ! ' J 1 Ih the . '!..ac of Ih •

wIU"'r

2. Or til blip 11 till' nlilu St ' n d' PP!'an.IIf,,·, lUi IIU(1C'k: pl\ ' l \ ' ;dt. ,J ti" rad.r ' fUJlCliollin.oo~ l ly_

D , l 't OO al JI !J ,Ink R: .,1.-.\ ' 0 , . • ) ca n 1M >

dll.llu I 11." J)rtllbly i ~I •

oIamol l< 'C l "b~1 h i l .! o. r~ lJ\IId~ OilOr IIl'ftr , . mll Mi l

da~.· """lit Jml l l( !m ' o r I I I~eGl I .l i ( iC J I I ,o fo ilUo\ on' IIppnl\'lIt. M I . I

\1. ~loTOn "fllll !;to.:, .

,\, Th o Ilin . 'Otion tlu d 1 0 ", 1 ion 01 I l 'I \ v ( '1 o f IDl)lor

..."h i les h Ull]d a lw rI . be gl\' n to c(h l.'r \ \ itb III

l)llC dllii I hr n um b er 111til conv oy or group Ind

~!ltU ifob f \' l't l. .

B. D~ lrO!ltd ('tIMI.- . Lank , truck or 01 t

motor \l~hicl{! w i l l be ~Il idereil I troy't ' f\ Yo '

it is ob"" 'I" \!OOto b\lmt to t h l' lw )' t1 am Ilnd (lr

n'ClOvcr:,' illo on .> li d\ 'r OO i ll lp ro bn bi .C. Dartla9tdmolor Cf'1d('~".-A tunk, 'nidi 6t

oltlcr vehic le will h on 'Idol d d aJn ag« ) ,,'llt~

hil~ 1 1 1 ' 1 ' ob~n't'(1 10 lUl\'l' been mad!' . ln l l d8JlItl!~

I I l l S r · " u lt ed .

vn . B1JI~DIX(ltl:

A. In porting L ack on buiJd in • til " '

of building Id l<lcked end i t' knew u or " lim it! !

It (p«ify whi b) I! 'hould be given,

n , Dl.droyd buililmg.-A building 1 1 1 8 l II '

~n '~nlcku y [u1t~hill .u-gun lire or bom~ ,~ "ill litenid re id e r oy l'( 1 w h en :

1. It isOlml \'ed 10 bnnJl into h ea vy I II Uu lI S.

2 . O r d U ll lo li H on bl\. d lroyC(1 ttl· main SUI)( ' -

Im lll lcm nts of th e bui ld ing .• D a l ll a! 1 ea buildifl9,-.\ bu il di llG ' w l ti eh b & . '

been lnll'k by m a ch in e-g un li re or l l O_ l n 8.....ll J l o o d repair b o r O N ) i~ c.o .n 1xl1) lsC(?d In scM'

llI,.'llin, \i ll 0 0 c o ll 'i d ur el l d am a g od .

"Ill. I'I'IN DUMPS

A . uppl,' dU lllps a rc vc ry , I do Hl c om pi t t I T" • "('If

II . t royed UIII tllO Y 1l J't ' •mal l or II I a •

COIlCl)JlhalOO area . bt

B . 11 1 r 'porlill~ n tack ' Oi l u (lpl y d um p, U

LypO of upp!) 'dump ~hould be roport£ ' tl , if nO ~Th . p'rt('nt "0or d nlolilion or Ii i n t ln l . .l lP

.. 'Il .01dump nr '& hould be r port M i, 1000. . :. Ih r \\"'1 I

lillCOlldnry Illosion. 'h o.~ m ig ht b all n'ro.

rx, I YLms: r t r JA . lM If1 u! d ro" pc d in a n a rea IIIU t be repO .t'\'

. It .. . IIltu·.III l. P~ruli II. aud Int.cILigcn.. R P¢RldlO, ti l Fli~hl Opllrntion~ llltclhg{'ll~~ , , " p o r i 'Ilnd th o P ltd \\'l"llkly Wl'lLIllll 10ldl ill~'

Infonnlltioll 'houJd bag; nil' 10 d8lwofdroP~btJI

tho l oc a li ly , t ho IlUIIlbor drollPad Rud 1J ' l)dU'l '1

of b I~II l.

X"'· R' 111'1110:• v l:Stm ,\ I. J S l'hUC'l 'IOl' 60N 111 '0 · bo'U',(ltI;"

\ .. Th e (oil w in m m o)! orrors ,ro 0 R~rI

bo th lh 11 1 ig hL p C1 8l io nl il . J il lo lh g n

_lid Ih o pc~ ti;: 1 1n l~ II ,ig ~ co UiIIllIlry H.dio:I. Th o I ll rc r~ . p or tl cl Pl lt ln g in Illll 1I1~.ioll

_ liQul li b e r port«1 by t h ! <! lu n dr ol l to wh i II tll(.,.

~re . ~?I I c ,'c m . th ou I I o t .h er n i rc l 'l l fl lIy 011 Ib'~

I ll i. il io n. O th e r I l lr om{ t to k 1l 1 J; p or t in tile m i ion

<.holll l l II I~own ouly in U , ~ Iq :o~' of 1 . " 0 -

" niillllling lI ml •

2. lvo correct. and full I \F ria l nUlllbt'r

of rildl IIted t t i rcrfl f I t., m k ing or

h.tl' I"UIIj r ec ci vo o m a jo r dnmj l . r :~ .

3, En II unit .J \Quld r port dalilllg' inlliNOO b y

~hal uni~ only lind figU roi u hm iued ~bould

be lolaled.

4 . W I l e n liuiwd lilt' uircrart o ro b it by I t e m . } "

ground IIro, In t ,if po~ ib lo , w het he r I hl.' d a m g

.... in flie t I by hell',)" I Il It ia ir cr af t. , u ut em a ri e

WCt lpom.1 or S1 lU )U m f t : r e .

S. r w c as ua lt ie s s ho uld i nc lu de n611l~. rank

-r ia ] numb r, nnd . q u ad ro n o fi rr dh 'i du u] l nv el ve d ,

Ios:clhl!r with th o p o i li on of I he U C \\ · member

(i. e , I Il 'r io l (tunRcr nmlore"1: l l l1n r, r o tl i o o p rr -

alor , e t c • .) , 1> 0 it i o n I l; rr m f t w nq , I n, l t 'OlllaCt(>(J," "he tl l er o r not a nyon w e' observed 10 boil oul

en d o ns' p nrti u la rs w hic h mi#ii ai d ill J\~ur.6. When 10 . ses or damngcs ar c inllieted 01 1

eu cm y o if( ;ro { • Ii~L th 10 . inflic t 1 by _lhl' re-

por t ing wlil, n ot th ose mad e hy olll\ ' r 'mi l ' par-l i c i ) ll l t U l g ill til stlm m i'" 0 1 1 . , .

7. hoc c orrec t Jlum ber of cach nm" 11 ad ,It

I lOrreoL d 0 .1 O ll wh i el l I he mission I)(, :um:d .

S , D la il h ould 00 giv n (I 10 l im ( l a n d cau

(If no n [leoti\' sorii .9. 1n rela tion to ,I ndiJlg, nothing s ho nl d b o r ,'-

ported s!to up S tood h it ' ob ' ' 1 ' \ " 0 0 , te., bu l

~uld b list<!d iI.S das t royod, dnlllO ' ed , ~ I t- .10 . Inrormat40n gi\' n ill th e O pt!" I 1011 ",ni'

l nt l Ii g en o o 1I1lUlll\f\' I tad io and F lig h , P T t l :l ion . . I It 'II;" - n '· - . I mou ld al:n"C \ \~ Ih I .h .

n ~"'to n PO I' d ' I'll rtb a . s i inrorrnMi n g iv ell in h O I m I po.

If ch aTl l>( ( ' l l~ It , I ) I l l~d l' II I I . · Ina .l d h ; cn ut i ill ror-'~l1ti Iloftr'f ,tItlin' i n I h t, I lI 1 J1 b pert, clI.lI.Utn-

h II 10 lit hllnJ.:< ill I II ', u'r r ".llO ru ..

II. In d, l ' Flull Opt'l'8jioll~ R"I »r t lind UU!

Opt r a l i o lunmllV RI' IOrt !'lIch mi . n ~hollid

bt numbtl'tld ((If th dllY Ind (be m number

II I i ll . .. e h reflOrl . TilL rlleilita t carr lstlonof mi..-on betw IIIb two mdi . ..

12 . R port. III m i . I IlI (i. 0., pl lol , a ho rti~ ..,

alerts ote.] in 1101-11 Jlfl'lllionaJ In Ui' '1100 I Ill-

1llJl1')' RatJiel & lI d L I) l-1aill n IlOri.

13 . Rl !por~ 1!. . . . .;igJ'lod numl:Je"" of a ll ph (lto m is-

sie n .

I~,Tim off and J "din "ill be g i.v n in O pf ...

Illioll1d lotcllig n nlml.l) Rlldio. bu t nol inI he 1 '1 1 \,.11Repon .

11; . Additional infonna lion ' nquirod uN I.'r"'11'1' .\ TRl1R" in II I !lig ht opt'raliotml iDlcllig~nc

~porL (1~lnb.rdm '0). Inelud o r i JW i ~ locitrl.

ri '/ti/fly (lfld d iud iQr t oj u . - i n d OCff ,A l/u911,

16.• - \ dd i l iona l it m .s aN dded 10 tho (Ii !lll

opt:'I 'BUolloL i n t e l l i J t l ? J I I : report (80mba_rdmtn~) 8'

f o ll o \h : C , \) I I. :. 1 L .\ : IhC 'l1llioll: • , tu n in t 1 ' \ ' 1 1 1 :

_ . dB tion an,. :. ,' ir ptt-d~ timt'

bom b are rekll-< 'd : '. '17 . )otoro o U n ti on should be paid to wporlin

piJol\isuni b . n' lioll. _ n'i IIbilityof b r i d ! , «

I.I\'IOp cone . n l n! . li on, et~.). ~ i lo l oh~n '~ t ions . ar tIII IUllpor lan l in ulUltm~ ('Remy Int 1I11II

1 1 1 1 1 . 1 C I I I I bililiD .. COllllll.lnd o f " h lj or G t' Jl tr ol U~SllIt'LT:

• • ~'. l(l!~<lI':';JlJ; OCT I ,

lJ r i!JO ditr C tllru l, G ,

1.~'Joj d·

fficilll:

FlU;" C , "III..&II ,Olqpd, A(;D..ldjlllORIO(Ranl,

I ll do ,u ro : . \n ne x , \; \.

99

'UONGOLIA.. .~\

\, ~""_-I""

' '' -t :=~·:.=.:· : ::· ·_._ - _ ---1..

r',

N A

DEEPEST

..._................< [~ .. """""""

-.....;"

--.. . . . _ - . . . _

- - -AP C-B-I THEATRES -- - - . . _ _APPENDIX BB - -

. .

r

.~

Pan Three

SUMMARY-CBI AlR OPERATIOSeclion I

CO TRJB TIO OF AIR POWER

I.OCR ral. tar ties in then ' h·ubj I to rOIlLn)\ 'o y I IlI d s ta li ti in III m I"

cal l in no \l in )' I 11 l't I,ore filII over-all phy ieal dde-

riom t ion of fin onei n . .' undor ir 0 tino!;: lind t h(l

It 'duclioll of b is m o ra l (Irh ' rmiliaLion to cOllt inu-

411 fight. Thi, 1 1 I1 1 11 1 1f h ol ( on ' I ,'(IS dptnilcd

tali ties to tile IIn 'coohlg ~tiOIlB nd do L with

Uw result .. of ir II tien tu UNd in I rrus of

obj ih> g!lined.

2.... lfr })OWf!" i» Indin·lJlmna, . A ir p 1\' r

plnyed tho major roll' in p rov n li ng JI111j'UJ~

oe upatieu o r India.b. A ir pow er Illpletl'ly isola ted I h,· B urm a

bnllll ' lic ld. This 0 lion ulone p lln llyu '( l " 11 '

en lilY Il11dII 1Ilroli7.Ni his wnr-makiag nlll!lbilil,\'.

(I. Air power taMi "(I t! . .I li (·d a ir u jW r io ri l, \' .

rl'Jld l't in g o ur o wn fo re ftrl' Irora ai r n tt sc k I Im lI lt 'T m iU i ng t hl ' a ir troll lIOn 0)1'11lliollllllpon wh ich

survival on II I ground dOl1ond rd .

d, Ai r pO\\I'cr play d th o mojor role in d Il 'Oyinr.

the! JIII)lInt. (' a rm ie s i n Burmn by d i nllllok 1)11

(f'OOJ)f!, in 1 Ollrltio ll. · qu ip ll1 1 1( , lind lin. of

c om muuie (ion.

r; Air pow!'!' ,1 11 ),( ',1 0 II W roh- IIY IIIJplyillg

th o g rom ul nrm i ( Iud m ov illg l1 H'1 II ill ord er

I ho i I h e lIu\!lIllillg<'S lind \'iclori('ll IIchil" 'oo by ai rn lion m it: hI , h tl • : oh om ic nl ly l ·x .I Jlo it rd 1 1 1 1 1 1 h !d .

.f. FrOIl l [lIllill.J)urrnil. IiiI' pol '('I 1I11plird 11111

llIiJiulry ( 'lT orL in h iliH intb ' 1 i . ' I 'C t c.. L ll ir l n "p or t

elTorl offill lim . .:1 . Ii,. [H'fIfX' i,l 'I.i,Itl.-CI, ,\il')J()w('!,)X'rfonllrd

th e d ci i\'l' role i n f ir " el il in g !III! oeeupntion lind.

I 1 On tr ol o r . 1 1 ' hi06 h y the . 'I \ II I II I !\ 1 1 .1 ' 11 1 1

b. 'hill !\·b d eir J l O I I ' . . r nHHl ' ri l ll l~ ' I ~t I in1] 1 dUlru p l i o n o f th o ( ' l I l irC l . 1 1 1 1 ' n c ' (' I l' or I ' f f l f l ( l l l l Y

01111wllr-mnkill •' O I ( 'I I I ;i l ll i l l it slrikl'S Oi l . h ipp il l ~

illltJ'it inh'",li '(ioll of X rib h i nn n l il \\ · I1 ) · .~

. c. h illn·bosed ulr pO ll' r r l '( 'C 'd I h ~ J II V ll m " ~

n l ll Ip ! li g rt :· i ll

~'n more

ecrioo II

IGNIE1CA CE

101

RESTR ICTED

. '" m O f < ll 'O O n o m im l , p c« l ll nd , ei ll ci t' no y i n I h oIm l~..· .... r· · LO C beeause( u tu ro l m ay d i el l\ l~ ULi1\zatKm 0 a ll' .. a

o f I be dilltlct£f of modenl, "~~1ln.'.. •P " N t DillY '* m a s. .~ I. s up pl lo o, l in d s u t ft m i'd

hI' lir fttlJ''lI'hrro ill lh l1 ' world . .

. T11l'·jral~ IhftJlIO( air·homl' po" ,~r -pOisOO

1 0 . t ri kl l I I an ,' S t lt c <l ed poinl o n t h e sUJfRc~or

Ib lII r1h-' p""""- >\lll' 6UIlb II p ro bl £ ll 1 i n ciof(,llS(l

iliat no 1l.!!li n h ss Iho roooUfC<'>l 10 guarnnlt'O the

~urii) 01 h er (lI(iTl' ·fJfttlor of III~y p oin l w h ic h is)l{'Cifitallyd irtd by . m o l he r n a t io n .Z . ENl~l'ioII iI Burr" IJ.--. ignili ea n I, to o , w as

the t \ 'o lu lioD an d III emCl'll:i.'I1C(! of l Ii r POWQf in

BUmla as the nior m ( 'm L er o f t he ! 1 : i r - g n : H I I U I

t l lUD. O D~ arm m ay be said to Ix > Ruiiliary 10 ,O T l o I l tit S I l p p o r t i n g , . 1 1 s ee on d a rm w h en t he m s jo r""puil) , fot.etiot!. iii m ee su rc d in th e ClIIpabill~Jl

'o f t be s ec on d a nn . T bl ' e ap ol oi li ly lor n cH on in~O mlll _ m mr«i in terms 0 1 aircapftbilityprimarily. . l s . 1 ! , di&lrganil!.Cd, ' 1 1 I 1 " : 1 n g , iJooimal<ld

CI l .Cmy Wl.« nduc~ b y oi t' p ow e r 10 a e< !r t ain low

It'fel 01 rc;;ist I U lc e , i l became moreecollornicalto J _ M \ ' ~ i ae nd s up pl y the g r o l . U l d fore fOT c~ploi.1 1 0 . 0 1 1 . olihl! o d l . " l n l a g l > S pined bFfli r t l l I m t o

w ntin ue OJ] I plica lion oroit !firel.

I n . t h e . u h iI na t( ' D I I . l 1 J ~ r stT n t~;cdoc l r i m e

"I'ol~~ from litis d e" do pm en ~ m ll> lt includo thefoUo"lllg pr ioc i pic:

~ pow~ rn a; . s owmp .l c re ly re du c e the militaryPO~CI ' of all e J 1 ( ' f I l 3 ' IUIt Io n th a l the X o", Y {Irk~ I~ fo re e w o uld 0 0 I n ld cq u8 I( ' fo rc a lo ril 1\1 4-.Ion .nd oocu I J ! ! lion. .

102

3. The fi9hl jor , '<,rlVII'II. ur ~ ig :n i IiCQucc . '1 0 fultlrl'! planners of trnlcg,y, is e n o ~ ' 'f el!.-"

'

··1··" 'I f .. ' : 1 t ' c : t o ~ o IIcpnncipc 0 O«i!~pottol'll , 0 . mUll! in .· U

o, .pcmlion.lI. I n ' i\ .' () rl d WilT I I in m . 1·~.ml\U\~• . . . , 1 1 ( 1 • . 1 " 1 1

Pow{'t 'S sllU lought . fo r tl tr r( W I lind, in 1'0 I'd' , I d . I I . I· '. I 'OIJl~II. IPft C m r JO~c.- W 11(11 nn g 1~ h uv l' I~ I '"

cmeion, t ty n~pliil. 'dnt more vilal poil1l' ~,m;~

cn( !my S n8~IOn.tll struo(uf(.'. ecUpntion 01

~,Qinstn'llc:;ie luroin nlo.~t~ r~ ~i ll ly m n ,y Ix > I;:!IIl0lc,. ound, oucl~(:onoml(ll.!1 III futu~c militm.

O~t8; t~onS. bu'louy 0 " ;" ': 81 1 s tl 'o l<w ' \ \' hi eh p n : .I\llt;;. Hit ~wcr IG. ~ {hR<lp~l(ltl.hl II slru~l~ ' f o r

DOlIe;;oontlRllcrrnm 1.$ fnHaoloua In' lloncoptiol1.Ult imn tc ly U1 (!U, .l,rategio dootrine IllllS.L indu$

th e £OUO \ I ing pr inc ipl' ( , s; .

\i ielOl1' may bo IIol!icv:cd \Iih ou ~ s ur fa e o 8iSI ul t

a nd iJl\'lki.on.

V ia l. or y m o .v b e flchicNlJd without su r fnc0 assault

or i nv e si cn l Io il w i t/ lo u l I)I:ccufH1~ion.

<I . '& o no myo f fQ .r t~.-'I he IIl1imolt- achieve-

m e nts o f o ir powc~ in hina-e-in whidlllD ai r ro~e

fought a ground o.rmy-uro alsosignil ' icant. il loontemplnting glohuloporo.liol1s. in ! l in G , J ; r s ;

f bo .n nLwo- il i v ;s i on 10gislic .o.I e.lTorhuidrd byterrnin--lll>ldolic lind one-lmU million lroop~ It

ba y fo r 4 y "· an ;. A . 1 1 ('v:allltltion of (·110 E o o n o m y

of Foreot illl~,tlltcd with tho Kalization Ihal

tid",.!) wi tMl l t r l l t ' t18 ior l! isa reMity and wjlb I II I'

rt~ lioo tic nth n L o.iclvlfl wi t h O I J L ()C C up oiioll ~ 8

po.!libili~y m ig ht w ell lead 10 bn..ic Jllll;jor ehllD~in tho com po ilion of th e m ilita ry for<;cs 0 1 IbeUni. led (utes ..

RESTR ICTED

NITED TATE TRATEG[C BOl\'mr G ..·.VE'i

LIST OF REPORTS

Tile folk1w.wj( ~ a blblJoJ,: lIll .l Iy,, ' " '1!'\ IIb """"Uin!t'r<tnlIlle IIrvcf' ~1! .Id_o' I I: .. . f tu lOpean . . ,. ,d P", ol fl ~ " " ! Y .Th.o>o roport~ l J!3 ' r ' l ccdwHb al l &e:l r fuk ("I rn.a,l b(, ;PII'." lI M e d , . .. .1 1 ' 1 rhO.'SlIpcrl.JII6ld¢'flI. 01 Dotu.m ml' KII be C;oy~em lJ l~ nl P ril 1tl nOm_, W.. .l bI "S !O Il , D .. C .

Bu l' O pc .. n W a r

Oi'FI E; OP TUB CIiAlftMA '

. ..meRAf'T OI\ 'lSIOI"

C D y D il ' kin 1 1 1 1 < 1 Bl1 IJJd , )

" J'l ",MIt DM ... Inil".I~'t<'])OIIIi Inspeetlen "\;!lIS \0 V .. rIow. TAq ;C1 · ( S l I' c c l: o .lnopon)

Ald.mO" ll"nd,

6 , JllIIk ..1'!I A;romJl .",<1 }.e,ro :"'lg;1I0 WOlle., 1J\lo-"".,

7 Erg~r.":.!~~III"""'C'~" c ,!l b II,U"h"rblle_k.Gorma"y!\T (; ·~llIRhi"""'llou.( j, ' " b II. JAlpd\l t (~I"d,.uJ.

G 1'!1N' II)' G .o GollW!l W~"".ltl"k. A G. GOIM.. nD'~10 F(ld~eWoillAirrnU'1 !> J ftnl, ""'''len ..{l"""1'Il!~

{

O , .C . .. . I I R ~ > ( 'I "

II M ""hrull! ,\ G, Pari. .\

A U15, ln l l l !, au.....r I'llrt lJdI I. I I II I

Appn! ,~ . ••.•. .12 Do. 't Wo,h Frkdri ..h:< l""m 0 1 < . \llIlIl(;h, Glom""")'18 G..r~:I.FI~I~rwu....o !IIbff,K", "G<;~~yI ~ W Itnt. Nc;u"·Ylcd l t r I 'IUII.(I) "$"~'~, \\ Ie.,., r , eu-

.1ndt . Au.u:1A

A~ !' I:AC " ' \ I ~ " ' I O " ' ' ' ' ' ' N ' I : ~G '0 b lI, brUllt-

1111,N·lm~t:J;~!~~:-\lOI"""I" ...kC G m b I I, T "'lr l;o i.

D·Gf-~! '! "·Ylol~r· ·\"·hr'lc·.ln~ &I..- f l l ld , &' OUII\ , .bol ,

1 '7 f t, ", ," IH Lh . _ ,v V_, ip ,J J : ! ' . ~ =) 'IOIDrtll_,k c A G tI }' ~I \ ) 'l lI ll le b,

(;~rm!lll.\· .... " I Gem !liltY10 H~hct r'u~l'l\Ot.ortll"''''':c, , ! lO S' . . . . •

'IJlhl ~1~1.I[I'tn(h

..'''''t.~Irllll!l. IlIdl1.t.r{ l 'n f l T , A i ll m tf ll !j !l~ ,.; G~nn&u)" Pari 11. M.!t'!~ urn

(.'!dl"u Dr ' · ' ' ' ' ' ' ' DI11:>OOl!-Fi.w Rc: ror tC < > I ! I I I I > < ' l o . I d II"pon:Bonn n.~~1>O f \U.uo''ft Fkld~Rt'iIOTl .. .U.mbtlrjE ~'iddn~I-\~oll. Texl: "01 U. ~ hill!!"Ibd OId~ F~kl Rcl!O~X u . 1ll1I : ¥ kI d R .J l. Or IR C"« I> llon A """, ID 1b.\'1r lao. GumJ,!\f

En I PMIlNT DIVI SION

1i1«IfIC,11 nrueh

.,,' Gem InrC1M>.1 EquIP'''tlllloo\",tl)' ~c~1iI .ill LIra ". Bo\~ri.1 Cit. )I!lnt!htlrn K..r.lUl. Ck ' f II ! I . . . . ' , .

Otdfal l A d : rrc.Won IMtrumr.ll .Br.~d,

• ~ OpU •• I,,rod Pree '!Oll10, ' tirtlllKD! Iodlllt IT lWpotc

10 '

Abn._drH Br: .atl !

1 ' 1" , r............tt.." r 1 1 I t 1 " , . t 1"":1.,,,., , '><I~h,"I<h ( Id '~nw'h . , , , "'~IIi.:'~rrn..n~

"lId.F!'krJo~ Bludi

';<.1 T b o : o GrUI lDU " \ 'nt b o~ ' r io r , r. . 1 1 : tl tosnnp lud . .. 11)

Mullin TMI,1l311e1a

'';f ~'I!.<h,"'" ~l, ,o t '\Iuh""'r;- ... t·.llIla! ~:"\.lll,,,,,,nl

'~. :. ; \I . .. h l . .. . To. 1 hod " If) i n ( .. ,rm: ). n~, I lf flW" ~ .> lb ( ",, , . ( ·"1 .0 ( ... .. C . rma . " , )~r ('.oI~t,0" f :n."t I ran: l.OO ..nwlr. (, "' . . .. . . , , '.l.~ X " " O PI l ", M O n ~ }~1J'c.~" ~u, If,, jn 'l~.:-tln~l1)

'll~~

; \I II JTAR" ANALYSlS DI\ '15I01 '

~ T b o o I ("" of tho. l~fI""" II! . .. ._

r, o \'.\\'""'1""" (0t>-4n. ( ' 111" , , " , , «1 '6\ lit F,-~ [!atr ,,(OI'~TIl'..m€l' W.,.thM F~d,, '" ,I > C(llm..., lionLbI,m,!W'nlOpo'l'I!'

,_ in .hI' Kw-o ~ n 1'br"lft"S ~, . ..bi= ft1_" r$ \ U' H"n' .mJ ~'I,! .'d"""

n .o . .. . . ' ' ' , ' ' ' ' t;'f\I ,I l )j ,. ff lp iNn d T I; \ F 8 ." ,,1 , u •

G... T b c o ' m J l" o C L ,,j I t . . ;\II.cd .\i. ~.dQrt 1'' C "'''' '' I...........\1

~ IORALE DII '1 lOS

"1>110TI . . . Edl '( I -cd, t"l~ lIowl"n::."" (;~"'Ulll)1"",,,,·ol'.laUl

' 10 ,1

100

1 03

10 4105106

On : ll ll l. I1 e e I n d tl C< lQ ' RemonFricddch, l 'i 'rupp- Gr" .. ., ,, In"~o .\, G ~hfl&,lJ\llll.c : l 'm . . . ."y_

Bothull 'l t' I' ~ '( !" ,l ll l u~ . G"...l nh lr Jth ri_ lI ul i . .. G, 1 1 0 ( - 1 ' '' ' 11 1 . (n,rn....u" •H cn ~ 1I 1l 1& : hn, K n & < l ! I . G,,rm :01 l\' •R!l\ · j ' l ' In"l : lU.Ron! l l l . D l I l 'oM ' l d ol i ', G~n 'I ~ " "i l cl ' fO l l " " Goo rl l l, l t ' \ \' ( > rk c - , Dmlln"d''''eh:::llll1r''~~.

G~nn.zllIIf

J l lI l lnO \ 1 e ': " d ' ll ; > . J Il < 'c h l ll c ll l a u, l'Inl1ovfr, Gtnru.n,G"..·t.~bTr..hril.: Frir:drieh K'n'p~,. f.' etJ,~m""'ll

en, DI\ 'I ION

P.ropdl_nl' 1 1 , . " ( , .~;tdll",el'~I,!,i.the'l<'~rlir. M"nlrh. (I".",.,,,I '< 'h ~~ "" ed l .~ ll ki .I "~ I ," Ia nl, t~,_, p,o"It.,<>rr\\i'~r.",c ., '" I I ! I, l la d. 1 ,, ·, ,1 <'1 "C«,,,,,~,)

Pbll l~ 011 ) )~, ~ ""I ,\ C , Vonna l, A'I( ml Nubt-I ,& Co",T",I ,,10r r . ,Cis..,LID, D""" II. I .ral IJu " . . : 1 " ' 1 1 1 :Ccr:rr t !ln\' I

Jlrt'lHllt' ~l)n'nltel'~m'e 0",,, 1 ' 1 , 1\'l'IIn",,,.. G.nll.1ny

HI?! I O S

110

11'7

II

IIIl

120

Illl

12 2

1 2 ' : l

12-t

1 2 t o

17"

133

O\'ER.AhI, flCONOllnc BliP!! 1)I\'ISfON

12 71281 , 2 ' 9

1'&1,I'

1 1 1 6181I

It<!)

J O O

19 1IW19 3191

It·

10i l191I'10 0

D I I l l II I . ,. . .· f io . n z . \ ( ; , MIoI)"b.-1 In, G.""..., , .

~ nt l> " "1 " 0 [ 1 P la n l, ' 1. .. .. m .. c- 1i :. II .m b o . . R . ( ; . . .. .. .. . "r( .. .. ., t I. . . .. 1\Af1 ,'1r101'. (·......... p-llauui ('....nnan" " " ' 1 0 , , . . , . n.....o"j,J1 [),.u," H I m · C..r 'n...n,Rl.Ihl 'O<·I.l lytlrtoj( " ' l o r I fll~t, &u"'f>'Ii<l1. (:O-nnanycN.....kirrhoII' p .~ . .. .. .. A G, X... .. .!..h....' ('.......... "ItaU, )' \ 'o .. < : l~' X.~ n. - 1lO1'~ '10·bu... r. rtDrI~1FII'" rta loll. " " '-" en ....I (; r b.. . 1 1 n d " , I . . .. . 1 . .. , I . . '~ I.a I< "n .c: n , nI lRW. \ <>II& < 1 1 1 1 '

rI"" JI,all"" La ~1""lJallln. Yard t ' l"" , Gtm..."Y

I G "·IIlt'btaLndll.tr:It', I " kt,[,...n4 (, ; t:fI1I,

I1 "

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107

ussbs report 67, air operations in china, burma, india - world war ii

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