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USM 35XTechnical Reference and Operating Manual

Ident-Nr. 48 001

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This Issue 06, 11/2007 applies to the following software versions:

USM 35X V.01.00.7x with Data Logger option: V.01.01.7x

USM 35X DAC V.01.10.7x with Data Logger option: V.01.11.7x

USM 35X S V.01.20.7x with Data Logger option: V.01.21.7x

Subject to change without notice.

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First operation level

Second operation level

Third operation level

BASE

Changing the operation level:

Selecting the function group:

Selecting the function:

H Notes:

As a standard feature, the function

group REF can be changed over

to the function group AWS. With

the USM 35X DAC, there is alsothe additional function group DAC/

JDAC; with the USM 35X S, the

function groups DAC/JDAC and

DGS are available.

The character> after a function

indicates a double assignment.

* DAC/

JDAC

* DGSAWS or or PULS RECV aGAT bGAT

CAL REF* TRIG MEM DATA

MEAS MSEL LCD CFG1 CFG2

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Status symbols

Symbol Description

* Display memory is enabled (freeze),display is stored.

!

Data transfer active,

printing or remote control

Batterie charge indicator (status of

remaining charge in steps of 10 %)

F TOF is set to flank.

P TOF is set to peak.

J TOF is set to jflank.

T T-CORR (transfer correction) function isactive

R Reference echo has been recorded

A ATT-OBJ/ATT-REF function (sound

attenuation is active)

LED

Symbol DescriptionA Gate alarm

R Function REJECT is active

D Function DUAL (pulser-receiver

separation) is active

Key functions

Key Function

Switching the unit on and off

Step size for gain setting

Storage (freezing) of screen display

Enlarged echo display over the entire

screen

Printing or transferring data

Recording measured values, saving data

Changing the operation level

Selecting the function group

Selecting the function

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USM 35X Issue 06, 11/2007 0-1

Contents

1 Introduction ........................................ 1-1

1.1 Safety information .................................... 1-2Batteries...................................................... 1-2

Software ...................................................... 1-2

Defects/errors and exceptional stresses ..... 1-3

1.2 Important information on

ultrasonic testing ...................................... 1-3

Preconditions for testing with ultrasonic

test equipment ............................................ 1-3Operator training.......................................... 1-4

Technical test requirements ........................ 1-4

Limits of testing........................................... 1-5

Ultrasonic wall thickness measurement ...... 1-5

Effect of the test objects material ............... 1-5

Effect of temperature variations ................... 1-6

Measurement of remaining wall thickness .... 1-6

Ultrasonic evaluation of flaws ...................... 1-6

Flaw boundary method ................................ 1-6

Echo display comparison method ............... 1-7

1.3 The USM 35X family ................................. 1-8

The different instrument versions ................. 1-8

Special features........................................... 1-9

1.4 How to use this manual ......................... 1-10

1.5 Layout and presentation in this

manual ..................................................... 1-11

Attention and Note symbols ...................... 1-11

Listings ..................................................... 1-11

Operating steps......................................... 1-11

2 Standard package and

accessories ........................................ 2-1

2.1 Standard package .................................... 2-3

2.2 Recommended accessories..................... 2-5

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0-2 Issue 06, 11/2007 USM 35X

Contents

3 Initial start-up...................................... 3-1

3.1 Power supply ............................................ 3-2Operation using the power supply unit ........ 3-2

Operation using batteries ............................ 3-3

Charging the batteries ................................. 3-5

3.2 Connecting a probe.................................. 3-7

3.3 Starting the USM 35X ............................... 3-8

Switching on................................................ 3-8

Basic initialization ....................................... 3-8

Information lines in the startup screen......... 3-8

4 Principles of operation ...................... 4-1

4.1 Operators controls ................................... 4-2

4.2 Screen display .......................................... 4-3

Functions on the display ............................. 4-4

Other displays............................................. 4-5

4.3 Keys and rotary knobs.............................. 4-6

Function keys ............................................. 4-6

On/Off key ................................................... 4-6

Special keys................................................ 4-7

Rotary knobs............................................... 4-8

4.4 Operational concept ................................. 4-8

Setting the functions ................................... 4-9

Alternative operation without rotary

knobs ........................................................ 4-10

4.5 Important basic settings ......................... 4-12

Selecting the language .............................. 4-12

Selecting units .......................................... 4-13

Setting the date......................................... 4-14

Setting the time......................................... 4-15

4.6 Basic settings of the display .................. 4-16

Selecting the color scheme....................... 4-16Setting the lighting .................................... 4-16

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USM 35X Issue 06, 11/2007 0-3

Contents

5 Operation ............................................ 5-1

5.1 Overview of the functions ........................ 5-2Function groups first operating level ............ 5-3

Function groups second operating level ...... 5-3

Function groups third operating level ........... 5-4

5.2 Setting the gain ........................................ 5-5

Defining the dB incrementation for gain ....... 5-5

5.3 Adjusting the display range

(function group BASE) .............................. 5-6

RANGE (Display range) .............................. 5-6

MTLVEL (Sound velocity) ............................ 5-7

D-DELAY (Display starting point) ................ 5-7

P-DELAY (Probe delay)............................... 5-8

5.4 Adjusting the pulser

(function group PULS) .............................. 5-9

DAMPING (Probe matching) ....................... 5-9

POWER (Intensity) ................................... 5-10

DUAL (Pulser-receiver separation)............. 5-10

PRF-MOD (Pulse repetition frequency) ..... 5-11

5.5 Adjusting the receiver

(function group RECV) ............................ 5-11

FINE G (Fine adjustment of gain) .............. 5-12dBSTEP .................................................... 5-12

REJECT .................................................... 5-12

FREQU (Frequency range) ........................ 5-13

RECTIFY (Rectification) ............................ 5-13

5.6 Setting the gates

(function groups aGAT and bGAT) ........ 5-14

Tasks of the gates ..................................... 5-14

aLOGIC/bLOGIC

(Evaluation logic of the gates) ................... 5-15

aSTART/bSTART

(Starting points of the gates) ..................... 5-16

aWIDTH/bWIDTH (Width of the gates) ...... 5-16

aTHRSH/bTHRSH (Response and

measurement threshold of the gates) ........ 5-16

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Contents

5.7 Calibrating the USM 35X........................ 5-17

Calibrating the display range ..................... 5-17

Choosing the measuring point ................... 5-17

Calibration with straight- and

angle-beam probes.................................... 5-18

Calibration with dual-element (TR)

probes ....................................................... 5-21

5.8 Measuring................................................ 5-23

General notes............................................ 5-23

5.9 Measurement of dB difference

(function group REF)............................... 5-25

Recording a reference echo....................... 5-26

Deleting a reference echo.......................... 5-26

Echo comparison ...................................... 5-27

5.10Classification of welds

(function group AWS) ............................. 5-28

Rating of welds according to AWS ............ 5-28

5.11 Calculation of flaw position

(function group TRIG) ............................. 5-31

ANGLE (Angle of incidence)...................... 5-32X-VALUE (X-value of the probe) ................. 5-32

COLOR ..................................................... 5-33

THICKNE (Material thickness)................... 5-33

DIAMET (Outside diameter of the test

object) ....................................................... 5-33

5.12Data saving

(function group MEM) ............................. 5-34Storing a data set ...................................... 5-35

Deleting a data set .................................... 5-35

Deleting all data set .................................. 5-36

Recalling a stored data set ....................... 5-36

5.13Dataset management

(function group DATA) ............................ 5-38

TESTINF (Storing additional information) .... 5-39PREVIEW (Dataset preview) ..................... 5-41

DIR (Dataset directory).............................. 5-42

SETTING (Function list) ............................ 5-42

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USM 35X Issue 06, 11/2007 0-5

Contents

5.14Configuring the USM 35X for a test

application .............................................. 5-43

TOF (Selecting the measuring point) ......... 5-44S-DISP (Zoomed display of reading).......... 5-46

MAGNIFY (Gate spreading) ...................... 5-48

A-Scan (Setting the A-scan)...................... 5-48

Configuring the measurement line ............. 5-49

Setting the display .................................... 5-50

FILLED (Echo display mode) .................... 5-51

VGA .......................................................... 5-51SCHEME .................................................. 5-51

LIGHT (LCD backlight)............................... 5-52

SCALE (Configuring the measurement

line) ........................................................... 5-52

5.15General configuration ............................ 5-53

DIALOG (Selecting the language) ............. 5-53

UNIT (Selecting units of measurement) ..... 5-54BAUD-R (Baud rate for transmission)........ 5-55

PRINTER (Printer for test report) ............... 5-55

COPYMOD (Assignment of the key) ... 5-55

TIME/DATE (Setting the time and date) .... 5-56

ANAMOD .................................................. 5-57

HORN........................................................ 5-58

EVAMOD (Echo evaluation) ...................... 5-58

5.16Other functions with special keys ......... 5-59

Freeze ....................................................... 5-59

Zooming the echo display ......................... 5-59

The key ................................................ 5-59

5.17Status symbols and LEDs ....................... 5-60Status symbols ......................................... 5-60

LEDs ......................................................... 5-60

5.18Distance-amplitude curve

(only USM 35X DAC and USM 35S) ....... 5-61

DACMOD (Activating DAC/TCG) ............... 5-62

DACECHO (Recording reference curve) .... 5-63

T-CORR (Sensitivity correction) ................. 5-64

OFFSET (Distance of multiple DAC) ......... 5-65

Echo evaluation with DAC ......................... 5-65

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0-6 Issue 06, 11/2007 USM 35X

Contents

5.19Distance-amplitude curve according

to JIS Z3060-2002 (only USM 35X DAC

and USM 35S) .......................................... 5-67DACMOD (Activating DAC according to

JIS) ............................................................ 5-68

DACECHO (Recording reference curve) .... 5-69

BOLDLI (Choice of a registration curve)..... 5-71

T-CORR (Sensitivity correction) ................. 5-71

OFFSET (Distance of multiple DAC) ......... 5-72

Echo evaluation with DAC ......................... 5-72

5.20Evaluation according to the DGS

method (only USM 35X S) ...................... 5-74

Measuring with DGS ................................. 5-74

Validity of the DGS method ....................... 5-76

Selecting the DGS mode .......................... 5-78

Default settings for the DGS

measurement ............................................ 5-78

Recording the reference echo and

displaying the DGS curve .......................... 5-80

Evaluation of reflectors .............................. 5-81

Transfer correction..................................... 5-83

Sound attenuation ..................................... 5-83

Locks, error messages ............................. 5-86

6 Documentation .................................. 6-1

6.1 Printing data ............................................. 6-2

Preparing the printer .................................... 6-2

Preparing the USM 35X ............................... 6-2

Printing........................................................ 6-3

6.2 Documentation with UltraDOC ................ 6-4

7 Maintenance and care ....................... 7-1

7.1 Care of the instrument ............................. 7-2

7.2 Care of the batteries................................. 7-3

Care of the batteries .................................... 7-3Charging the batteries ................................. 7-3

How to handle alkaline batteries.................. 7-4

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USM 35X Issue 06, 11/2007 0-7

Contents

7.3 Maintenance ............................................. 7-5

7.4 Recycling................................................... 7-6

General view of the device ........................... 7-6

Materials for separate disposal ................... 7-8

Further materials and components ............ 7-10

Recycling data of master device................ 7-12

8 Interfaces and peripherals ................ 8-1

8.1 Interfaces ................................................... 8-2

8.2 I/O interface .............................................. 8-4

Contact assignment of the LEMO-1-B

socket ......................................................... 8-5

8.3 RS 232 interface ........................................ 8-6

Contact assignment of the Sub-D socket.... 8-6

8.4 RGB interface ............................................ 8-7

8.5 Data exchange.......................................... 8-7

Connecting a printer or a PC ....................... 8-7

Activation of serial communication .............. 8-8Printing data ................................................ 8-8

8.6 Remote control ......................................... 8-9

Syntax and timing ..................................... 8-11

Functions and remote control codes ......... 8-17

Other remote control codes....................... 8-24

Control codes for the rotary knobs/

function keys............................................. 8-26

9 Appendix ............................................ 9-1

9.1 Function directory .................................... 9-2

9.2 EC declaration of conformity................... 9-7

9.3 Manufacturer/Service addresses ............ 9-8

9.4 Spare parts list ........................................ 9-10

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0-8 Issue 06, 11/2007 USM 35X

Contents

10 Changes ........................................... 10-1

11 Index ................................................. 11-1

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USM 35X Issue 06, 11/2007 1-1

Introduction

1

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1-2 Issue 06, 11/2007 USM 35X

Introduction Safety information

1.1 Safety information

The USM 35X has been designed and tested accordingto DIN EN 61 010 Part 1, 2001, Safety requirements for

electrical measuring, control and lab equipment, and

was technically in perfectly safe and faultless condition

when leaving the manufacturing works.

In order to maintain this condition and to ensure a safe

operation, you should urgently read the following safety

information before putting the instrument into operation.

AAttention:The USM 35X is an instrument for materials testing.

Any use for medical applications or other purposes

is not allowed!

The USM 35X may only be used in industrial envi-

ronments!

The USM 35X is waterproof according to IP 66. The

USM 35X can be operated with batteries or a power

supply unit.

The power supply unit has the electrical safety class II.

Batteries

For the battery operation of the USM 35X, we recom-

mend the use of a lithium-ion battery. The operationusing alkaline batteries, NiMH or NiCad cells is likewise

possible. You should only use the products recom-

mended by us for the battery operation.

You can charge the lithium-ion battery within the instru-

ment itself or in an external battery charger. If you want

to use NiMH or NiCad cells, you have to charge them in

an external battery charger.

As soon as you connect the power supply unit to the

USM 35X, the battery power supply is interrupted. If a

lithium-ion battery is inserted, the charging process

starts automatically when you connect the instrument

to the mains supply. Please refer to chapter 3.1 on

power supply, and to chapter 7 on how to handle

batteries.

Software

According to the current state of the art, software is

never completely free from errors. Before using any

software-controlled test equipment, please make sure

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USM 35X Issue 06, 11/2007 1-3

IntroductionSafety information

that the required functions operate perfectly in the in-

tended combination.

If you have any questions about the use of your testequipment, please contact your nearest representative

of GE Inspection Technologies.

Defects/errors and exceptional stresses

If you have reason to believe that a safe operation of

your USM 35X is no longer possible, you have to dis-

connect the instrument and secure it against uninten-tional reconnection. Remove the batteries if necessary.

A safe operation is e.g. no longer possible

if the instrument shows visible damages,

if the instrument no longer operates perfectly,

after prolonged storage under adverse conditions

(e.g. exceptional temperatures and/or especially high

air humidity, or corrosive environmental conditions), after being subjected to heavy stresses during trans-

portation.

1.2 Important information onultrasonic testing

Please read the following information before using your

USM 35X. It is important that you understand and ob-

serve this information to avoid any operator errors that

might lead to false test results. This could result in per-

sonal injuries or damages to property.

Preconditions for testing with ultrasonic

test equipment

This operating manual contains essential information on

how to operate your test equipment. In addition, there

are a number of factors which affect the test results. A

description of these factors would go beyond the scope

of an operating manual. The following list therefore only

mentions the three most important conditions for a safe

and reliable ultrasonic inspection:

the operator training

the knowledge of special technical test requirements

and limits

the choice of appropriate test equipment.

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1-4 Issue 06, 11/2007 USM 35X

Introduction Important information on ultrasonic testing

Operator training

The operation of an ultrasonic test device requires a

proper training in ultrasonic test methods.

A proper training comprises for example adequate

knowledge of:

the theory of sound propagation

the effects of sound velocity in the test material

the behavior of the sound wave at interfaces be-

tween different materials

the propagation of the sound beam

the influence of sound attenuation in the test object

and the influence of surface quality of the test ob-

ject.

Lack of such knowledge could lead to false test results

with unforeseeable consequences. You can contact for

example NDT societies or organizations in your country

(DGZfP in Germany; ASNT in the USA), or also GEInspection Technologies, for information concerning

existing possibilities for the training of ultrasonic in-

spectors as well as on the qualifications and certifi-

cates that can finally be obtained.

Technical test requirements

Every ultrasonic test is subject to specific technical

test requirements. The most important ones are:

the definition of the scope of inspection

the choice of the appropriate test method

the consideration of material properties

the determination of limits for recording and

evaluation.

It is the task of those with overall responsibility for test-

ing to ensure that the inspector is fully informed about

these requirements. The best basis for such information

is experience with identical test objects. It is also es-

sential that the relevant test specifications be clearly

and completely understood by the inspector.

GE Inspection Technologies regularly holds specialized

training courses in the field of ultrasonic testing. The

scheduled dates for these courses will be given to you

on request.

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IntroductionImportant information on ultrasonic testing

Limits of testing

The information obtained from ultrasonic tests only re-

fers to those parts of the test object which arecovered by the sound beam of the probe used.

Any conclusions from the tested parts to be applied to

the untested parts of the test object should be made

with extreme caution.

Such conclusions are generally only possible in cases

where extensive experience and proven methods of

statistical data acquisition are available.

The sound beam can be completely reflected from

boundary surfaces within the test object so that flaws

and reflection points lying deeper remain undetected. It

is therefore important to make sure that all areas to be

tested in the test object are covered by the sound beam.

Ultrasonic wall thickness measurement

All ultrasonic wall thickness measurements are based

on a time-of-flight measurement. Accurate measure-

ment results require a constant sound velocity in the

test object. In test objects made of steel, even with

varying alloying constituents, this condition is mostly

fulfilled. The variation in sound velocity is so slight that

it is only of importance for high-precision measure-

ments. In other materials, e.g. nonferrous metals or

plastics, the sound velocity variations may be even

larger and thus affect the measuring accuracy.

Effect of the test objects material

If the test objects material is not homogeneous, the

sound may propagate at different sound velocities in

different parts of the test objects. An average soundvelocity should then be taken into account for the range

calibration. This is achieved by means of a reference

block whose sound velocity corresponds to the average

sound velocity of the test object.

If substantial sound velocity variations are to be ex-

pected, then the instrument calibration should be read-

justed to the actual sound velocity values at shorter

time intervals. Failure to do so may lead to false thick-ness readings.

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1-6 Issue 06, 11/2007 USM 35X

Introduction Important information on ultrasonic testing

Effect of temperature variations

The sound velocity within the test object also varies as

a function of the materials temperature. This can causeappreciable errors in measurements if the instrument

has been calibrated on a cold reference block and is

then used on a warm or hot test object. Such measure-

ment errors can be avoided either by warming the refer-

ence block to the same temperature before calibrating,

or by using a correction factor obtained from tables.

Measurement of remaining wall thicknessThe measurement of the remaining wall thickness on

plant components, e.g. pipes, tanks and reaction ves-

sels of all types which are corroded or eroded from the

inside, requires a perfectly suitable gauge and special

care in handling the probe.

The inspectors should always be informed about the

corresponding nominal wall thicknesses and the likely

amount of wall thickness losses.

Ultrasonic evaluation of flaws

In present-day test practice, there are basically two

different methods of flaw evaluation:

If the diameter of the sound beam is smaller than the

extent of the flaw, then the beam can be used to ex-

plore the boundaries of the flaw and thus determine its

area.

If, however, the diameter of the sound beam is larger

than the size of the flaw, the maximum echo response

from the flaw must be compared with the maximumecho response from an artificial flaw provided for com-

parison purposes.

Flaw boundary method

The smaller the diameter of the probes sound beam,

the more accurately the boundaries (and therefore the

flaw area) can be determined by the flaw boundary

method. If, however, the sound beam is relativelybroad, the flaw area determined can substantially differ

from the actual flaw area. Care should therefore be

taken to select a probe which will give a sufficiently

narrow beam at the position of the flaw.

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USM 35X Issue 06, 11/2007 1-7

IntroductionImportant information on ultrasonic testing

Echo display comparison method

The echo from a small, natural flaw is usually smaller

than the echo from an artificial comparison flaw, e.g.circular disc flaw of the same size. This is due, for in-

stance, to the roughness of the surface of a natural

flaw, or to the fact that the beam does not impinge on it

at right angles.

If this fact is not taken into account when evaluating

natural flaws, there is a danger of underestimating their

magnitude.

In the case of very jagged or fissured flaws, e.g. shrink

holes in castings, it may be that the sound scattering

occurring at the boundary surface of the flaw is so

strong that no echo at all is produced. In such cases, a

different evaluation method should be chosen, e.g. use

of the backwall echo attenuation in the evaluation.

The distance sensitivity of the flaw echo plays an im-

portant part when testing large components. Attentionshould be paid here to choosing artificial comparison

flaws which are as far as possible governed by the

same distance laws as the natural flaws to be evalu-

ated.

The ultrasonic wave is attenuated in any material. This

sound attenuation is very low, e.g. in parts made of

fine-grained steel, likewise in many small parts made of

other materials. However, if the sound wave travels

larger distances through the material, a high cumulative

sound attenuation can result even with small attenua-

tion coefficients. There is then a danger that echoes

from natural flaws appear too small. For this reason, an

estimate must always be made of the effects of attenu-

ation on the evaluation result and taken into account if

applicable.

If the test object has a rough surface, part of the inci-

dent sound energy will be scattered at its surface and

is not available for the test. The larger this initial scat-

tering, the smaller the flaw echoes appear, and the

more errors occur in the evaluation result.

It is therefore important to take the effect of the test

objects surfaces on the height of the echo into account

(transfer correction).

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Introduction The USM 35X family

1.3 The USM 35X family

The USM 35X is a lightweight and compact ultrasonicflaw detector especially suitable for

locating and evaluating material defects,

measuring wall thicknesses,

saving and documenting test results.

With its frequency range from 0.5 to 20 MHz and a

maximum calibration range of 10 m (steel), the USM 35X

is designed for use on large workpieces and in high-resolution measurements.

The different instrument versions

The USM 35X is available in several versions which are

desgined for different applications:

USM 35X

Standard version for universal ultrasonic test applica-

tions.

USM 35X DAC

The multiple DAC curves and time-corrected gain

enable a field-oriented echo amplitude evaluation

according to almost all international test specifica-

tions.

USM 35X S

DGS evaluation mode in addition to multiple DAC

curves and TCG.

DGS curves are stored for all narrow-band single-

element probes; amplitude evaluation is carried out

either in dB above DAC curve or equivalent reflector

size (ERS).

Data Logger optionThis option is available for all USM 35X versions and

is used for the recording and documentation of thick-

ness readings.

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IntroductionThe USM 35X family

Special features

low weight (2.2 kg including lithium-ion battery) and

compact size waterproof instrument case with protection class

IP 66

long operating time (> 12 hours) by means of lithium-

ion battery with internal and external charging possi-

bility

handy equipped with a non-slip, ratcheting prop-up

stand, also used as handle

rotary knobs for direct adjustment of gain as well as

for changing the currently selected function

two independant gates for accurate wall thickness

measurements from the workpiece surface up to the

first echo, or between two backwall echoes, including

measurement on coated workpieces with a resolution

of 0.01 mm (up to 100 mm), referred to steel

magnify gate: spreading of the gate range over theentire screen width

5.7", 1/4 VGA-TFT color display to display the digi-

tized signals (320 240 pixels, 115 86 mm )

VGA interface for the connection of an external

monitor

color display of gates for an easier distinction easily recognizable reflection geometry when using

angle-beam probes by the variation of A-scan or

background color at every deflection point

data memory: 800 data sets, including alphanumeric

description, documentation possibility via a printer

increased calibration range: up to 9999 mm (steel),

depending on the frequency range

semiautomatic two point calibration

pulse repetition frequency variable in ten steps

to avoid phantom echoes when testing large

workpieces

choice of frequency range for the connected probe

signal display mode: full-wave rectification, positive

half-wave or negative halv-wave and radio frequency

display of 4 readings plus 1 reading zoomed in theA-scan, user-configurable

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Introduction How to use this manual

1.4 How to use this manual

The present operating manual applies to all instrumentversions of the USM 35X. Differences in the functions

or setting values are always marked.

Before operating the USM 35X for the first time, it is

absolutely necessary that you read the chapters 1, 3

and 4 of this manual. They will inform you about the

necessary preparations of the instrument, give you a

description of all keys and screen displays, and explain

the operating principle.

In doing this, you will avoid any errors or failures of the

instrument and be able to use the full range of instru-

ment functions.

You will find the latest changes to this operating manual

in chapter 10 Changes. It describes corrections that

have become necessary at short notice and have not

yet been included in the general manual. If no correc-tions have become necessary, this chapter is empty.

The specifications/Technical Specifications according to

EN 12668-1 for the USM 35X family can be found in the

attachment at the end of this operating manual.

The Data Logger option, which can be applied to all

USM 35X versions, is described in a chapter of its own

at the end of the operating manual. All functions refer-

ring to the Data Logger and the tolerance monitor are

described here. At the same time, the standard operat-

ing manual applies to all other functions.

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IntroductionLayout and presentation in this manual

1.5 Layout and presentation inthis manual

To make it easier for you to use this manual, all operat-

ing steps, notes, etc., are always presented in the

same way. This will help you find individual pieces of

information quickly.

Attention and Note symbols

AAttention:The Attention symbol indicates peculiarities and spe-

cial aspects in the operation which could affect the

accuracy of the results.

HNote:

Note contains e.g. references to other chapters or spe-

cial recommendations for a function.

Listings

Listings are presented in the following form:

Variant A

Variant B

...

Operating steps

Operating steps appear as shown in the following ex-

ample:

Loosen the two screws at the bottom.

Remove the cover.

...

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Standard package and accessories 2

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Standard package and accessories

This chapter informs you about the standard package

and the accessories available for the USM 35X.

It describes

accessories included in the standard package,

recommended accessories.

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2.1 Standard package

Product code Description Order number

Ultrasonic testing kit

consisting of:

USM 35X Compact Ultrasonic Flaw Detector, basic version

with LEMO-1-TRIAX connectors 36 060

or

with BNC connectors 36 061

or

USM 35X DAC Compact Ultrasonic Flaw Detector, DAC version

with LEMO-1-TRIAX connectors 36 062

or


or

USM 35X S Compact Ultrasonic Flaw Detector, DAC/TCG andDGS evaluation with LEMO-1-TRIAX connectors 36 064

or


Standard package

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Standard package and accessories Standard package


UM 30 Transport case 35 654

AC power supply/battery charger 102 163

Operating manual in English 48 001

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Standard package and accessoriesRecommended accessories

2.2 Recommended accessories


Operating manual in German 48 002

Operating manual in French 48 003

Operating manual in Spanish 48 004

Operating manual in Japanese 48 005

Operating manual in Chinese 48 006

LI-ION Li-Ion battery NI2020, 10.8 V, 6.6 Ah 102 208

DR36 Battery charger for external charging

of the Li-Ion battery 35 297

NCA 1-6 6 NiCd cells, 3 Ah (alternatively to Li-Ion) 25 810

Energy 16 Desk rapid charger for external charging

of NiMH or NiCd cells 101 729

UM 32 Protection bag including neck strap 35 655

UD 20 PC cable, 25-pin (PC), 9-pin (instrument) 32 291

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UD 31 PC cable, 9-pin (PC), 9-pin (instrument) 34 943

UD 30 Seiko Printer cable, 9-pin (instrument)/9-pin (printer) 18 495

UD 32 Epson Printer cable, 9-pin (instrument)/25-pin (printer) 34 944

Adapter 25/9-pin for printer cable UD 19-1 on USM 35X 16 121

Serial-to-parallel printer cable (Patton Model 2029) 101 761

USB-RS Adapter cable RS232 USB 35 838

UM 25 Analog cable, 8-pin Lemo plug (instrument), open ended 35 268

UM 31 VGA adapter for connection of an external monitor 35 653

UM 28 D Option: Data Logger (retrofittable to all versions) 35 800

UM 200 W UltraDOC data communication software for USM 35 024

U 100 W UltraDOC 33 829

PZ-USM Calibration certificate according to EN 12668-1 35 263

Epson LX Matrix printer for mains operation, single sheet and

continuous stationary 17 995

Seiko DPU Thermal printer for mains and battery operation 17 993

Recommended accessories

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Initial start-up 3

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Initial start-up

Connecting the instrument

Connect the USM 35X to the mains socket-outlet using

the corresponding power supply unit. The plug recep-

tacle is at the top left of the USM 35X.

Push the Lemo plug of the power supply unit into the

plug receptacle until it snaps into place with a clearly

audible click.

Power supply

3.1 Power supply

The USM 35X can be operated with an external powerpack adaptor or with batteries.

You can connect the USM 35X to the mains supply

system even if it carries batteries. A discharged battery

is charged in this case, viz. parallel to the instrument

operation.

Operation using the power supply unit

Mains connection

The power supply unit is delivered with two different

power cables for Euro and USA standard.

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Initial start-upPower supply

When pulling off the Lemo plug, withdraw the metal

bushing on the plug first in order to release the lock.

The power supply unit is automatically set to any nomi-nal voltage between 90 VAC and 240 VAC.

Operation using batteries

Use either a lithium-ion battery or 6 standard C-cells

(NiCad, NiMH, or alkaline cells) for the battery opera-

tion. We recommend the use of a lithium-ion battery. It

has a higher capacity and consequently ensures a

longer operating time of the instrument.

Inserting batteries

The battery compartment is situated at the instrument

back; the lid is fastened with 2 attachment screws.

Press the two attachment screws of the battery

compartment downward in order to loosen them.

Lift the lid off upward. To the right in the open battery

compartment, you will see two springs and several

connection pins.

Insert the battery into the battery compartment. To

do this, first press the right side of the battery

against the springs of the battery compartment.

Make sure that the socket on the right side of the

battery is connected with the connection pins in the

battery compartment.

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Initial start-up

or

Insert the batteries into the battery compartment and

check the right polarity.

Close the battery compartment and fasten the

attachment screws.

Checking the battery charge of lithium-ion batteries

The lithium-ion battery is equipped with a battery charge

indicator. The battery charge indicator is situated at thefront right of the battery. Four LEDs indicate the charge

level of battery. Check the battery charge before insert-

ing the battery into the instrument.

The number of LEDs that are on has the following meaning:

4 LEDs battery charge 100 ... 76 %



1 LED battery charge 25 ... 10 %

1 LED flashing battery charge < 10 %

Power supply

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Initial start-up

Press the button PUSH at the front side of the battery.

Four LEDs indicate the charge level of battery.

HNote:

You can also check the battery charge even if the battery

is located in the battery compartment of the instrument.

Analog battery charge indicator

The USM 35X is equipped with an analog battery charge

indicator which enables you to estimate the remaining

battery life. In the measurement line to the very right abattery symbol displays the corresponding charging

level.The battery symbol indicates the charge in steps

of 10 %.

HNote:

If the battery charge indicator displays a low battery

charge, you should urgently close your test job and

exchange the battery. You should take a second batteryor replacement batteries with you if you cannot connect

the instrument to mains.

Power supply

Charging the batteries

You can charge the lithium-ion battery either directly in

the instrument or by means of an external batterycharger. You always need an external battery charger to

charge standard C-cells.

Internal charging

Requirement:

Lithium-ion battery, order number 102 208

Power supply/charger unit, order number 102 163

If a battery is located in the instrument, the charging

process is started automatically when you connect the

plug-in power supply unit. You can carry out ultrasonic

inspections and charge a battery at the same time.

The charging time is 10 hours with a simultaneous ultra-

sonic inspection. If the instrument is not being used for

ultrasonic inspections, the charging time is 8 hours. This

charging time applies to ambient temperatures from 25 to30 C. Please take into consideration that the batteries are

not charged to their full capacity at higher temperatures.

The LED display on the plug-in power supply unit indi-

cates the status of the charging process.

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green LED yellow LED red LED Status

off flashing off no battery detected

off flashing dark/bright flashing bright/dark charging at low power off on off quick charging phase 1

flashing dark/bright flashing bright/dark off quick charging phase 2

on off off battery charged

off off flashing bright/dark temperature error, auto-reversible

off off on csharging error, permanent

Power supply

External charging

Lithium-ion batteries can be charged by means of an

external battery charger. We recommend the battery

charger with the order number 35 297. To charge single

NiCad or NiMH cells, you need the external desktop

battery charger with the order number 101 729.

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Initial start-up

3.2 Connecting a probe

To prepare the USM 35X for operation, you have to con-

nect a probe to it. Any Krautkramer probe can be used

for the USM 35X, provided the appropriate cable is avail-

able and the operating frequency is within an adequate

range.

The USM 35X is available with the probe connectors

LEMO-1-TRIAX or BNC.

The probe is connected to the sockets at the top right

on the instrument casing. Both connector sockets areequally suitable (connected in parallel) for connecting

probes equipped with only one ultrasonic element (ultra-

sonic transducer) so that it does not matter which one

of the two sockets is used.

When connecting a dual-element (TR) probe (having

one transmitter element and one receiver element), or

two probes (of which one is transmitting and the other

one receiving), attention should be paid to connectingthe transmitter element to the right-hand socket (trans-

mitter, marked with black circle at the rear of the instru-

ment case) and the receiver element to the left-hand

socket (receiver, marked with red circle).

AAttention:If this is not taken into account, the consequence

would be a mismatching which may lead to consider-

able power losses or even to echo waveform distor-

tions.

Receiver Transmitter

Connecting a probe

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3.3 Starting the USM 35X

Switching onTo start the USM 35X, press the switch-on key .

The start display of the USM 35X appears; here you will

also see the current software version of the instrument.

The instrument carries out a self-check and then

switches over to stand-by mode.

The settings of all function values and the basic set-

tings (language and units) are the same as beforeswitching-on of the instrument.

Basic initialization

In case the instrument can no longer be operated, or

you need to make a basic initialization (factory setting),

you have two options.

To keep the saved data:

Press the and the key simultaneously.

The instrument boots with the default setting, but all

stored datasets will remain unchanged (warm start).

To delete the saved data:

AAttention:

All saved data are deleted.

Press the and the key simultaneously.

The instrument is reset to factory setting (cold start).

In the start-up screen the message Basic Initialization

appears, and the unit will bei initialized and reset to itsbasic setup (dialog language: English, for more details

on how to select the language, please refer to chapter 4).

Information lines in the startup screen

You can enter two lines (each with up to 39 characters) for

information purposes in the startup screen. For this use

the remote function (codes I1 and I2, refer to chapter 8).

Starting the USM 35X

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Principles of operation 4

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Principles of operation Operators controls

Keys for selectinga function

Rotary knob for

direct setting of thecurrent function

Rotary knob for

direct gain setting

Special keys forspecial instrument

functions

Keys for selecting a function group

On/Off key

4.1 Operators controls LED A: Gate alarmR: Rejection

D: Dual on

Key for changing

the operation level

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Principles of operationScreen display

4.2 Screen display

The USM 35X has a digital screen for the display of

A-scan in the normal mode

A-scan in the zoom mode

The zoom mode is activated using the key .

HNote:

The screen display always shows the gain and the ad-

justed dB step value. All other functions are locked in

zoom mode.

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Principles of operation Screen display

Functions on the display

The names of the five function groups are displayed at

the bottom of the screen. The currently selected func-tion group is highlighted.

Indicated at the right of the display, next to the A-scan,

are the functions of the corresponding function group.

The display of the functions disappears in the zoom

mode.

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Principles of operationScreen display

Amplitude height

Gate A (%)

Sound pathGate A

Amplitude height

Gate B (%)

Sound pathGate B

Status indicator:

TOF = Flank

Other displays

The measurement line below the screen display shows

values of settings, measured values, and status indica-tions. As an alternative, a scale can be shown here,

giving an overview of the echo positions.

HNote:

Every measurement value can also be shown in an en-

larged display at the top right corner of the A-scan (set-

ting in the function group MEAS, function S-DISP).

HNote:

You can configure the four positions of the measure-

ment line for set and measured values as required (func-

tion group MSEL). Please refer to chapter 5.14, section

Configuring the measurement line on this subject.

Example of a measurement

line

P i i l f ti

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Principles of operation Keys and rotary knobs

4.3 Keys and rotary knobs

Function keys

For changing between operation levels (below),

For selection of the function groups (below) and

For selection of the functions (right).

On/Off keyFor turning the device on or off.

P i i l f ti

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Principles of operationKeys and rotary knobs

Special keys

To directly activate individual instrument functions:

To choose the increment for the gain setting

To freeze the A-scan

To display a zoomed A-scan

To transfer the data

To record measured values and to save the data

Principles of operation K d t k b

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Principles of operation

Rotary knobs

The USM 35X is equipped with two rotary knobs.

The left-hand rotary knob enables you to directly set the

gain; the right-hand rotary knob serves for setting the

currently selected function.

The two rotary knobs enable both step-by-step and

accelerated settings. You can define a setting step by

step by slightly operating the rotary knob which will

snap into place at the next setting. To accelerate the

setting, operate the rotary knob continuously, i.e. at a

constant speed. This enables you to quickly bridge

great differences between the settings.

HNote:

As an alternative, you can operate the USM 35X via a

special menu line without using the rotary knobs.A de-

scription can be found on page 4-10.

Keys and rotary knobs

4.4 Operational concept

The USM 35X is an easy-to-use instrument. It has three

operating levels, and you can change between them by

pressing the key. You will recognize your currently

active operating level by the number on the separation

line between the first and the second function group.

If the instrument is equipped with the Data Logger option,

a fourth operating level is added to the existing ones.

Each operating level contains five function groups.

First operating level

Second operating level

Third operating level

Principles of operationOperational concept

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Setting the functions

Shown below the A-scan are five function groups that

you can directly select using the corresponding key.The selected function group is highlighted and the corre-

sponding four functions are displayed next to the

A-scan on the right. You can likewise directly select the

individual functions using the corresponding keys.

Functions with double assignments

Some functions have double assignments. You will rec-

ognize the functions with double assignments by an

arrow (icon >) after the function name.

Toggle between the two functions by repeatedly press-

ing the corresponding key .

Coarse and fine adjustment of functions

You can choose between coarse and fine adjustment for

some functions. You can toggle between these two

adjustment modes by pressing the correspondingkey several times. The fine adjustment is identified

by an asterisk preceding the function value.

The following functions offer a choice between coarse

and fine adjustment:

Function Function group

RANGE BASE

MTLVEL BASE

D-DELAY BASE

aSTART aGAT

aWIDTH aGAT

bSTART bGAT

bWIDTH bGAT

cSTART cGATcWIDTH cGAT

S-REF1 CAL

S-REF2 CAL

ANGLE TRIG

THICKNE TRIG

DIAMET TRIG

For more details on the adjustment possibilities, please

read from page 5-5 onward.

Operational concept

Principles of operation Operational concept

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Alternative operation without rotary knobs

The operation mode of the USM 35X without rotary

knobs is intended for all applications where the ultra-sonic instrument is used with a dustproof or watertight

cover, e.g. in contaminated areas of nuclear power

plants or in dusty environments.

Browse through the menus using the key to

select the required menu.

Press the key and keep it pressed for one second

to switch to the operation mode without rotary knobs.

The instrument still displays the last chosen menu but

changes the menu key assignment to the following

menu line:

Key functions

dB reduces the instrument gain by the selected step

dB+ increases the instrument gain by the selected step

HNote:

The key remains active, i.e. you can select another

dB step size if required.

Val reduces the value of the currently chosen

function, e.g. RANGE

Val+ increases the value of the currently chosen

function

Press the key next to one the four functions to

select it for editing. With another press of the

respective key you can choose between coarse and

fine setting if applicable for this function.

Keep the Val orVal+ key pressed to activate an

accelerated setting. Hence the values are changed in

larger steps.

Operational concept


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If you need to select another function menu, keep the

key pressed to return to the normal operation

(menu display). Select the required function group

and keep the key pressed for another second toreactivate the operation mode without functions

knobs.

HNote:

The rotary knobs also work if the instrument is operated

with keys only.

When a parameter menu is displayed, e.g. DGSMEN or

TESTINF, you can only change the functions in the

selected column using Val and Val+ in key operation

mode. In the following example only the left column can

be edited:

A single key press on the key offers the selection of

another parameter column. If you keep the key

pressed once again, you can change the functions of

the selected column instead.

Principles of operation Important basic settings

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4.5 Important basic settings

Selecting the languageSelect the language in which the function names should

be displayed on the screen in the function DIALOG

(Function group CFG1). The following languages are

available:

German

English (default setting)

French

Italian

Spanish

Portuguese

Dutch

Swedish

Slovenian

Romanian

Finnish Czech

Danish

Hungarian

Croatian

Russian

Slovakian

Norwegian

Polish Japanese

Chinese

Serbian

If necessary, go to the third operating level.

In the function groupCFG1 selectthe function DIALOG.

Important basic settings

Principles of operationImportant basic settings

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p p

HNote:

Double assignment of the function DIALOG/UNIT

(icon >). Toggle between the two functions by repeat-

edly pressing the corresponding key .

Select the required language by means of the right-

hand rotary knob.

Selecting units

In the function UNIT (function group CFG1) you can

choose your favorite units between mm or inch.

If necessary, go to the third operating level.

In the function group CFG1 select the function UNIT.

HNote:

Double assignment of the function DIALOG/UNIT

(icon >). Toggle between the two functions by repeat-

edly pressing the corresponding key .

Set the required unit by means of the right-hand

rotary knob.

AAttention:Select your units immediately when you start working

with the USM 35X because if you change the unit, all

the current settings are deleted, and the basic setup is

loaded again.

p g

Principles of operation Important basic settings

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p p

In order not to delete anything by accident, a safety

prompt is displayed in the measurement line.

If you are sure that you want to change the unit,

press the key belonging to the function UNIT one

more time.

The unit is now changed, the current data are

deleted.

If you want to abort the process, press any other key.

The previous setting is kept in that case.

Setting the date

The date is saved together with the test results. You

can set it in the function DATE (function group CFG2).

AAttention:Please take into account that the USM 35X only indi-

cates the year with two digits.

You should always make sure that you use correctly

set values of date. Test results may otherwise be falsi-

fied.

p g

If necessary, change to the third operation level.

Select the function DATE in the function group CFG2.

HNote:

Double assignment of the function DATE/TIME (icon >).



Use the left-hand rotary knob to select the value that

you want to vary, e.g. the day.

Use the right-hand rotary knob to vary the selected

value.

Principles of operationImportant basic settings

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Setting the time

The function TIME (function group CFG2) serves for

setting the current hour of time. It is saved together with

the test results.

AAttention:For a correct documentation you should always make

sure that you are using the correct time settings.

Dont forget to manually set the time when changing

from winter to summer time.


Select the function TIME in the function group CFG2.

HNote:

Double assignment of the function DATE/TIME (icon >).



Use the left-hand rotary knob to select the value that

you want to vary, e.g. the hour.

Use the right-hand rotary knob to vary the selectedvalue.

Principles of operation Basic settings of the display

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4.6 Basic settings of the display

The equipment of the USM 35X includes a high-resolu-

tion color display. You can optimize the display settingsto your individual viewing habits and to the operational

environment.

Selecting the color scheme

You can use the function SCHEME (function group

LCD) to choose one of four color schemes. The color

scheme determines the color of all displays and that of

the background. You cannot vary the colors of gates

because they are fixed as follows:

Gate A red

Gate B green

Gate C blue

HNote:

All color schemes are suitable for indoor use. For out-

door use, we recommend the color schemes 3 and 4.


Select the function SCHEME in the function group

LCD.

Use the right-hand rotary knob to choose the required

color scheme.

Setting the lighting

Use the function LIGHT (function group LCD) to set the

display lighting. You can choose between the default

lighting max. and a lighting in the economy mode min..

HNote:

The economy mode reduces the current consumption

and consequently increases the operating time in bat-

tery operation.


Select the function LIGHT in the function group LCD.

Use the right-hand rotary knob to set the required

lighting.

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Operation 5

Operation Overview of the functions

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5.1 Overview of the functions

The functions of the USM 35X are combined to form

function groups on three operating levels.

If the instrument has the option Data Logger, there is an

additional fourth operation level.

Press the key to change between the operating

levels.

Press the key to select the function group shown

above it.

Press the key to select the function shown next

to it. The setting of the selected function is carried

out via the right-hand rotary knob.

The gain function is always directly available via the left-

hand rotary knob.

You can carry out important functions (switch on/off,

dB-step, freeze, zoom and report printout) by pressingthe special keys (ref. chapter 4).

You will also find an overview of the function groups and

their functions on the fold-out page.

Each operating level contains five function groups. You

will recognize your currently active operating level by

the number on the separation line between the first and

the second function group.First operating level

Second operating level

Third operating level

HNote:

If the instrument is equipped with the Data Logger op-

tion, a fourth operating level is added. For this, refer tothe corresponding chapterOption Data Logger.

OperationOverview of the functions

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Function groups first operating level

BASE The functions that you find here are re-

quired for the basic adjustment of the

screen displays.

PULS Combined in this group are the functions

that serve for the adjustment of pulser.

RECV Combined in this group are the functions

that serve for the adjustment of receiver.

aGAT All functions for setting the gate A can be

found in this group.

bGAT All functions for setting the gate B can be

found in this group.

Function groups second operating level

CAL This function group makes functions for the

semiautomatic calibration available to you.

REF This function group serves for measuring

the dB difference between a reference

echo and the reflector echo.

or

AWS This is where you will find all functions for

the classification of flaws in welds accord-

ing to the AWS D1.1 specification.

or

DAC This is the function group where you can

set the functions for the DAC (only

USM 35X DAC and USM 35X S).

or

JDAC The DAC functions in this function groupare modified to allow for a flaw evaluation

according to JIS (Japanese Industrial Stan-

dard) Z3060-2002 (only USM 35X DAC

and USM 35X S).

Operation Overview of the functions

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or

DGS This function group serves for the ampli-

tude evaluation according to the DGS

method (only USM 35X S).

TRIG Combined in this group are the functions

required for angle beaming using angle-

beam probes for the display of a (reduced)

projection distance and depth position of a

reflector (for plane-parallel and circular

curved test components).

MEM These functions serve for storing, loadingand deleting of data sets.

DATA The functions of this group serve for the

dataset management and documentation.

Function groups third operating level

MEAS In this group, you can define the measuring

point, select a parameter for the zoomed

measured-value display in the A-scan aswell as for the setting of the Magnify func-

tion, and you can select different settings

for the A-scan.

MSEL This is where you configure your measure-

ment line. You can choose one display for

each of the four positions.

LCD This is the function group where you canset the LCD contrast and backlight as well

as the echo display mode on the screen.

CFG1 Functions for the configuration: unit, dialog

language, printer driver and assignment of

the key

CFG2 Other functions for configuration: time and

date, alarm horn; plus the changeoverbetween the evaluation modes

OperationSetting the gain

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5.2 Setting the gain

This function, operated via the left-hand rotary knob,

enables you to quickly and directly set the gain.

You can use the gain to adjust the required sensitivity in

order to control the echo amplitudes.

Turn the left-hand rotary knob to set the gain. The

current gain is indicated in the top left corner of the

screen.

Defining the dB incrementation for gain

You can use the key to select a certain incremen-

tation for setting the gain. You have a choice between

6 steps:

0.0 dB (locked)

0.5 dB

1.0 dB

2.0 dB

6.0 dB

6.5 20.0 dB

HNote:

The setting 0.0 dB locks the gain in this way preventing

any accidental change of setting.

You can determine the step size of the sixth step using

the function dBSTEP in the function group RECV.

Press to change between the six steps.The corresponding step size setting is indicated

below the current gain on the screen.

Operation Adjusting the display range (function group BASE)

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5.3 Adjusting the display range(function group BASE)

The function group BASE enables you to make the ba-

sic adjustment of the display range. The display on the

screen must be adjusted for the material to be tested

(function MTLVEL) and for the probe used (function P-

DELAY).

If required, go to the first operating level.

Select the function group BASE.

HNote:

In order to accurately adjust the material velocity and

the probe delay, please read the section Calibrating the

USM 35X, chapter 5.7, beforehand.

RANGE (Display range)

You can adjust the range for your measurement in RANGE.

Coarse adjustment:

from 0.5 mm ... 1400 (9999) mm in even steps

Fine adjustment:up to 9.99 mm in steps of 0.01 mm/

up to 9.999" in steps of 0.001"

up to 99.9 mm in steps of 0.1 mm/

up to 99.99" in steps of 0.01"

up to 999 mm in steps of 1 mm/

from 100" in steps of 0.1"

from 1000 mm in steps of 10 mm

HNote:

The adjustment range for the display range depends on

the frequency range setting (function FREQU in function

groupRECV).

OperationAdjusting the display range (function group BASE)

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Frequency range Adjustment range (c = 5920 m/s)

0.2 to 1 MHz 0.5 to 9999 mm/0.02" to 390"

0.5 to 4 MHz 0.5 to 9999 mm/0.02" to 390"

0.8 to 8 MHz 0.5 to 1420 mm/0.02" to 50"

2 to 20 MHz 0.5 to 1420 mm/0.02" to 50"

Select the functionRANGE.

If required, toggle between coarse and fine adjust-

ment.

Adjust the required value by means of the right-hand

rotary knob.

MTLVEL (Sound velocity)

Use MTLVEL to set the sound velocity within the test

object. You can use sound velocities between 1000 and

15000 m/s.

Coarse adjustment, in steps as follows (m/s):

15000 9000 5000 2000

14000 8000 4000 160013000 7000 3250 1450

12000 6320 3130 1000

11000 6000 3000

10000 5920 2730

Fine adjustment

1000 ... 15000 in steps of 1 m/s

AAttention:Always ensure that the function MTLVEL is correctly

set. The USM 35X calculates all range and distance

indications on the basis of the value adjusted here.

Select the function MTLVEL.


ment.


rotary knob.

D-DELAY (Display starting point)

Here you can choose whether to display the adjusted

range (for example 250 mm) starting from the surface of

the test object, or in a section of the test object starting

at a later point. This allows you to shift the completescreen display and consequently also the display zero.

If the display should for example start from the surface of

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the test object, the value in D-DELAY must be set to 0.

Coarse adjustment

10 mm ... 1024 mm/0.3" ... 40" in even steps

Fine adjustment

up to 99.9 mm/9.999" in steps of 0.01 mm/0.001"

up to 1024 mm/10" in steps of 0.1 mm/0.001"

Select the functionD-DELAY.


ment.

Adjust the value for the display starting point bymeans of the right-hand rotary knob.

P-DELAY (Probe delay)

Every probe has a delay line between the transducer

element and the coupling face. This means that the

initial pulse must first pass through this delay line be-fore the sound wave can enter the test object. You can

compensate for this influence of the delay line in the

functionP-DELAY.

HNote:

If the value forP-DELAY is not known, read the section

Calibrating the USM 35X, chapter 5.7, in order to deter-

mine this value.

Select the function P-DELAY.

Adjust the value for the probe delay by means of the

right-hand rotary knob.

OperationAdjusting the pulser (function group PULS)

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5.4 Adjusting the pulser(function group PULS)

You will find all functions for the adjustment of the puls-er in the function group PULS.


Select the function group PULS.

DAMPING (Probe matching)

This function serves for matching the probe. You can

use it to adjust the damping of the probes oscillating

circuit and to consequently change the height, widthand resolution of the echo display.

low

This setting has a lower damping effect and produces

higher and broader echoes.

high

This setting reduces the echo height but mostly also

produces narrow echoes with higher resolution.

Select the function DAMPING.

Set the required value by means of the right-hand

rotary knob.

Operation Adjusting the pulser (function group PULS)

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POWER (Intensity)

Use the function POWER to set the pulser voltage. You

can choose between two settings:

high high voltage

low low voltage

The setting high is recommended for all inspections in

which maximum sensitivity is important, e.g. for the

detection of small flaws. Choose the setting low for

broadband probes or if narrow echoes are required (bet-

ter lateral resolution).

Select the function POWER.


setting.

DUAL (Pulser-receiver separation)

You can use the function DUAL to activate the pulser-

receiver separation.

off

Single-element operation; the probe connection

sockets are connected in parallel.

on

Dual mode for the use with dual-element (TR) probes;

the left-hand socket (red) is connected with the

amplifier input whereas the initial pulse is available at

the right-hand socket (black).

through

Through-transmission mode for the use with two

separate probes; the receiver is connected with left

(red), the pulser is connected with right (black).

Select the function DUAL.


setting.

If the DUAL function is active, the LED D (dual) is on.

OperationAdjusting the pulser (function group PULS)

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PRF-MOD (Pulse repetition frequency)

The pulse repetition frequency indicates the number of

times an initial pulse is triggered per second. You can

determine whether you need the highest possible PRFvalue, or whether you are satisfied with a low value. You

have 10 steps available for the setting; step 1 means

the lowest PRF value.

The larger your workpiece, the smaller PRF values are

needed in order to avoid phantom echoes. In the case of

smaller PRF values, however, the A-scan update rate

becomes lower; for this reason, high values are required

if a workpiece should be scanned fast.

The best way to determine the suitable PRF value is by

experimenting: start from the highest step and reduce

the value until there are no more phantom echoes.

Select the function PRF-MOD.


rotary knob.

5.5 Adjusting the receiver(function group RECV)

You will find all functions for the adjustment of the puls-er in the function group RECV.


Select the function groupRECV.

HNote:

Double assignment of the function FINE G/dBSTEP(icon >). Toggle between the two functions by repeated-

ly pressing the corresponding key .

Operation Adjusting the receiver (function group RECV)

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FINE G (Fine adjustment of gain)

This function serves for the fine adjustment of the cur-

rent gain value. The fine adjustment is possible over a

range of 11 steps within the range of 0.5 dB to+0.5 dB. The displayed gain value will not change.

Adjustment range: 5 ... +5 (0.5 dB ... +0.5 dB)

Select the function FINE G.

Use the right-hand rotary knob to adjust the value for

the fine gain.

dBSTEP

Use this function to set a step size for the gain variation

by means of the key . The value set here is subse-

quently available to you as the sixth step for the step-

wise gain variation. You have a free choice of the value

within the setting range.

Setting range: 6.5 ... 20 dB

Select the functiondBSTEP.

Set the value for the gain by means of the right-hand

rotary knob.

REJECT

The function REJECT allows you to suppress unwanted

echo indications, for example structural noise from your

test object.

The % screen height setting indicates the minimum

height that the echoes should attain in order for them to

be displayed on the screen at all. The Reject setting

cannot be higher than the lowest threshold setting

(minus 1 %) of any gate.

AAttention:

You should handle this function with great caution, as it

may of course happen that you suppress echoes from

flaws as well. Many test specifications expressly forbid

using the reject function.

Select the function REJECT.

Set the required percentage value by means of the

right-hand rotary knob.

The LED R is therefore lit with active REJECT function.

OperationAdjusting the receiver (function group RECV)

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FREQU (Frequency range)

In this function, you can adjust the operating frequency

according to the frequency of your probe.

You have a choice between ten frequency ranges:

0.2 ... 1 MHz

0.5 ... 4 MHz

0.8 ... 8 MHz

2 ... 20 MHz

1 MHz narrow band filter


2,25 MHz narrow band filter




Select the function FREQU.


rotary knob.

RECTIFY (Rectification)

You can select the rectification mode of the echo puls-

es according to your application in the function RECTI-

FY. You have the following options to choose from:

full-w (= full-wave)

All half-waves are displayed above the baseline.

pos hw (= positive half-wave)

Only positive half-waves are displayed.

neg hw (= negative half-wave)

Only negative half-waves are displayed.

rf(= radio frequency)

Only applies to the display range up to 50 mm (steel).

Select the function RECTIFY.

Use the right-hand rotary knob to adjust the required

setting.

Operation Setting the gates (function groups aGAT and bGAT)

5 6 S tti th t HN t

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5.6 Setting the gates(function groups aGATand bGAT)

All functions for setting the (dual) gate are arranged in

the function group aGAT and bGAT.


Select the function group aGAT orbGAT.

HNote:

If you have an instrument equipped with the Data Logger

option at your disposal, youll be additionally able to use

the C gate including all corresponding functions.

Tasks of the gates

It monitors the range of the test object where you

expect to detect a flaw. If an echo exceeds or falls

below the gate, an alarm signal is output via the

LED A.

The gates A and B are independant of one another.Gate A can also have the function of an echo-start

gate.

The gate chooses the echo for the digital time-of-

flight or amplitude measurement. The measured value

is indicated in the measurement line.

HNote:

Error alarms can be triggered unter certain circumstanc-

es. These are caused by intermediate conditions in

instrument operation occuring when the instrument is

Operation

d i h f ti t h d P

Setting the gates (function groups aGAT and bGAT)

ff E l ti l i ff

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used, i.e. when function parameters are changed. Pos-

sible alarms occuring during instrument operation

(setting of functions) are to be ignored.

Display of gates

To make the assignment easier, the gates are displayed

in different colors. You cannot vary the colors of gates

because they are fixed as follows:

Gate A red

Gate B green

Gate C blue

aLOGIC/bLOGIC(Evaluation logic of the gates)

This function allows you to choose the method for trig-

gering the gate alarm. The alarm is output to the LED A

on the front panel of the USM 35X. There are four set-

ting options available:

off Evaluation logic off

The alarm and measurement capability are switched

off. The gate is not visible.

pos CoincidenceThe alarm (LED A) is on if the preset response

threshold of the gate is exceeded within the dis-

played range.

neg Anticoincidence

The alarm (LED A) is on if the preset response

threshold of the gate is not reached within the

displayed range.

a trig Triggering by interface echoWhen using gate A as echo-start gate (setting of the

evaluation logic for gate B)

Select the function aLOGIC orbLOGIC.

Set the required alarm logic by means of the right-

hand rotary knob.

HNote:

The alarm and measurement function of the gates is

only active within the display range.

Operation

aSTART/bSTART aTHRSH/bTHRSH (Response and mea

Setting the gates (function groups aGAT and bGAT)

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aSTART/bSTART(Starting points of the gates)

You can fix the starting point of the gates A or Bwithin

the adjustment range of 0 ... 9999 mm/250".

Select the function aSTART orbSTART.

Uuse the right-hand rotary knob to adjust the required

setting.

aWIDTH/bWIDTH (Width of the gates)You can determine the gate width within the range of

0.2 ... 9999 mm/0.008 ... 250".

Select the function aWIDTH orbWIDTH.

Use the right-hand rotary knob to adjust the required

value.

aTHRSH/bTHRSH (Response and mea-surement threshold of the gates)

You can determine the threshold value of the gates within

the range of 10 to 90 % screen height for triggering theLED alarm if this value is exceeded or not reached, de-

pending on the setting of the aLOGIC/bLOGIC function.

In the RF mode, the threshold can be additionally set

from 90 % to 10 %.

Select the function aTHRSH orbTHRSH.

Set the required value using the right-hand rotary

knob.

OperationCalibrating the USM 35X

5 7 Calibrating the USM 35X Choosing the measuring point

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5.7 Calibrating the USM 35X

Calibrating the display rangeBefore working with the USM 35X, you have to calibrate

the instrument: you have to adjust the material velocity

and display range and allow for the probe delay depend-

ing on the material and dimensions of the test object.

To ensure a safe and proper operation of the USM 35X,

it is necessary that the operator be adequately trained

in the field of ultrasonic testing technology.

Below you will find some examples of common calibra-

tion methods for certain test tasks. In addition, the

USM 35X has a semiautomatic calibration function

which is described as Case B: With unknown material

velocity.

Choosing the measuring point

The sound path measurement in the calibration process

or in the subsequent echo evaluation process depends

on the choice of the measuring point which can be seteither to flank, tojflank or to peak in the USM 35X. In

principle, the peak measurement should be preferred

because the measured distances do not depend on the

echo height in that case. However, there are application

cases in which the flank measurement is either speci-

fied, or it must be applied for technical reasons, e.g. in

many tests using dual-element (TR) probes.

AAttention:In any case, the setting of the measuring point must

always be identical for the calibration and for the subse-

quent test application. Otherwise measurement errors

might occur.

Operation Calibrating the USM 35X

Calibration with straight- and Example:

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Calibration with straight- andangle-beam probes

Case A: With known material velocity

Calibration process

Set the known material velocity in MTLVEL (function

groupBASE).

Couple the probe to the calibration block.

Set the required display range in RANGE (function

group BASE). The calibration echo must be dis-

played on the screen.

Position the gate on one of the calibration echoes

until the sound path of the echo is indicated in the

measurement line

usm35x_en

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