using system software chapter 5. announcements chapter 5 homework windows 7 homework
TRANSCRIPT
Using System SoftwareChapter 5
Announcements
Chapter 5 Homework
Windows 7 Homework
Objectives
System Software
Categories of Operating Systems (OS)
OS’s role in: Providing user interaction
Managing the processor
Managing memory
Managing hardware
Interacting with application software
Starting the computer
Desktop & window features
OS’s role in keeping the desktop organized
Utility Programs
System Software: The OS
Controls all computer functions: Hardware, Processor, Memory, Peripherals
Manages how applications run on the CPU
Provides user interface such as desktop, icons, an menus
System Software: Utilities
Utilities: Software that performs “housekeeping” tasks Backup
Security
Diagnostics
Recovery
Optimization
Operating System Categories
Four primary categories of operating systems: Single-User, Single Task
MS-DOS
Single-User, Multi-Task
Microsoft Windows, Apple iOS, Linux
Multi-User (Network Operating System)
Microsoft Windows Server, Linux, Unix
Real-time (RTOS): Embedded System
Found in cars, instruments, tools
Real-Time Operating Systems
Systems with a specific purpose and a certain result
Uses include: Automobiles
Printers
VoIP phones
Medical devices
Appliances
Robotic equipment
Multi-User Operating Systems
Known as “Network Operating Systems”
Allow access to the computer system by more than one user
Manage user requests
Systems Include: Linux
UNIX
Windows Server
IBM z/OS
UNIX
Multi-User, Multi-Task operating system
Used primarily with mainframes
Also found in PCs
Vendors can modify the code Hewlett-Packard HP/UX
Sun Solaris
IBM AIX
Mainfames & Supercomputers
Other computers utilizing multi-user operating systems Mainframes
Handle requests from hundreds and thousands of users simultaneously
Supercomputers
Used by scientists and engineers
Smartphones
Do more than let the user make and answer phone calls
Have productivity features like web browsing, e-mail, multimedia, cameras, etc.
Example: Android, iPhone, Windows Phone, Blackberry
Desktop Operating Systems
An operating system combined with a processor is known as a platform Microsoft Windows & Intel/AMD
Apple Mac OS & Motorola/Intel
Application software is OS specific, not platform specific
Microsoft Windows
Multi-user, multi-tasking OS
Windows 8 is the newest version
Features Increased functionality
User-friendliness
Improved Internet capabilities
Enhanced privacy and security
Mac OS
First commercially available OS with point & click technology (GUI)
Graphical User Interface
Excellent in:
Graphics
Processing
System reliability
File backup
Based on Linux OS
Fewer applications available vs. Windows
Much more expensive (2x-4x)
Linux
Open source operating system
Based on UNIX
Extremely stable
May be downloaded for free!
Can be modified by anyone to meet any need
Runs on PCs, phones, MP3 players, multimedia systems, servers, cars, etc..
What the OS does
Provides a user interface
Manages the CPU
Manages memory and storage
Manages hardware and peripheral devices
Coordinates application software with the CPU
The User Interface
Enables you to interact with the computer
Types of interfaces: Command-line Interface
Menu-driven Interface
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Command Line Interface
Menu Driven Interface
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
Processor Management
Controls the timing of events the processor works on Multitasking
Interrupts
Interrupt Handler
Interrupt Table
Stack
Multitasking
The OS controls the execution of instructions on the CPU
Decides when each application is allowed to run and for how long Assigns each process a slice of time (time slice) and
switches between each process rapidly (measured in milliseconds).
The ability to do multiple things at once (or appear to do so) is called Multitasking.
Interrupts
Some functions of the computer must be handled immediately Mouse
Keyboard
Audio
Printer
When an “Interrupt Request” is made by these devices, the CPU stops executing programs and takes care of the needs of the device
Stack
Last In, First Out (LIFO)
Common sense analogy: A stack of paper
OSs and CPUs use stacks to remember how to get back to where it was after processing an interrupt
Stack Operations: Peek: Take a look at what is on top of the stack without
removing it
Pop: Remove and process the top item
Push: Place a new item on the stack
OS Architecture
32-bit Architecture Each instruction is up to 32 bits long
Each location in memory is exactly 32 bits long
Can use up to 4GB of RAM
64-bit Architecture Each instruction is up to 64 bits long
Each location in memory is exactly 64 bits long
Can use up to 512GB of RAM
Correction to book: Systems with more than 4GB of RAM feature a 64-bit version of
Windows
Systems with more than 4GB of RAM must use a 64-bit operating system to make use of extra memory.
Random Access Memory (RAM)
RAM has limited capacity
Running multiple programs at one time requires more RAM
Operating System consumes RAM Windows Vista: 1.5GB
Windows 7: 1GB
Windows 8: 512MB (possible to use less)
Virtual Memory
Instructions and data are stored on the hard drive when RAM is full Swap file
Paging
Thrashing
Hardware and Peripheral Device Management
Device drivers Programs that enable the operating system to
communicate with peripheral devices
Provided by the manufacturer of the device
Plug & Play Hardware and software standard
Facilitates the installation of new hardware
Software Application Coordination
Application programming interfaces (APIs) Blocks of code contained in the OS
Coordinate the OS with software applications
Similar toolbars and menus
Example:
Microsoft DirectX
OpenGL
The boot process Basic Input Output
System (BIOS) is activated
A Pre-Operating System Test (POST) checks attached hardware
The OS loads into RAM
Configuration and customization settings are checked
BIOSPOST
OS
Starting the Computer
Handling Errors in the Boot Process
Safe Mode Windows does not boot properly
Try rebooting
Uninstall any new devices or software
Press F8 after the POST and before the Windows Logo appears. Can be tricky, sometimes helps to press repeatedly
until safe mode menu appears.
The Windows 7 Desktop
Start Button
All Programs
Recycle Bin
SystemTray
ControlPanel
Documents
Desktop
Task Bar
Start Menu
The Windows 8 Start Screen
Icons
Switch to Desktop
The Windows 8 Desktop
SystemTray
Desktop
Task Bar
Recycle Bin
The Mac iOS Start Screen
Icons
Task Bar
The Mac iOS Desktop
Trash
Settings
System Tray
Apple Menu
ApplicationMenu
Desktop
Task Bar
The Linux (Ubuntu) Desktop
Desktop
System Tray
ApplicationMenu
Task Bar
Trash
WindowsTitle Bar
Control Box(Min, Max,
Close)
Ribbon
Zoom
Document View
Side by Side
Stacked
Cascading
Flip 3D
Snap
Viewing Windows
File Management
The operating system provides an organizational structure for the computer’s contents
Hierarchical structure of directories:
Drives Folders
Subfolders
Files
Windows Libraries
File Management
Quick Links
Libraries
Files & Folders
Viewing and Sorting Files and Folders
Many views available Large Icon view
Extra Large Icon view
Tiles view
Details view
List view
Small & Medium Icon views
File Name Extensions
Extension Type of Document
Application
.doc Word processing Microsoft Word 2003
.docx Word processing Microsoft Word 2007+
.xlsx Spreadsheet Microsoft Excel 2007+
.pptx Presentation Microsoft PowerPoint 2007+
.pdf Portable Document Adobe Acrobat
.txt Text Notepad/Wordpad
.jpg Image Paint
.gif Image Paint
.bmp Image Paint
.zip Compressed File(s) File Explorer
Naming Files
The file extension determines which application will open the file by default
File name includes the name of the file plus an extension
Up to 255 characters
Names/Extensions ma not include the following characters: “ / \ * ? < > | :
Mac* and Windows file names are not case sensitive
Linux file names are case sensitive and do not use extensions
*It is possible to enable Mac file name case sensitivity.
The File Path
Describes the location of the file
Working with Files
File management actions Open
Copy
Move
Rename
Delete
Recycle Bin / Trash
Utility Programs
Small programs that perform special functions Manage System Resources (Task Manager)
Create a pleasant environment (Explorer)
Improve Efficiency (Defragment)
Display Utilities
Change the appearance of: Desktop
Background
Screen Savers
Window Colors
Add or Remove Programs
Installation Wizard
Uninstall Wizard Programs should uninstalled, deleting can cause errors
File Compression Utilities
Reduce the size of a file
Make it easier and faster to send files over the Internet
Work by replacing repeating segments with a short placeholder.
Disk Cleanup: Removes unnecessary files
Choose the files to be deleted
Downloaded program files
Temporary Internet Files
Offline Web Pages
Recycle Bin
Disk Defragmenter: Speeds up access to files
Error Checker: Check for lost/damaged files
Task Manager: Check on nonresponsive programs
System Maintenance Utilities
System Restore
Restores system settings to a specific date
Restore utility will describe what was installed and when (Windows 8)
System Backup
Backup Creates a copy of the hard drive to another storage
device
Task Scheduler Runs selected utilities automatically
Ease of Access Center Centralized location
for assistive technology
High Contrast
Magnifier
On-screen keyboard
Windows speech recognition
Accessibility Utilities