using pedagogic corpora in elt
DESCRIPTION
EUROCALL 2013 María Sánchez Tornel & Pascual Pérez-ParedesTRANSCRIPT
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Pascual Pérez-ParedesMaría Sánchez Tornel
Universidad de Murcia, Spain
CorpusCALL: Using pedagogic corpora in ELT
EUROCALL 2013 - University of Évora, Portugal20 years of EUROCALL:
Learning from the Past, Looking to the Future
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Using pedagogic corpora in ELTEuroCALL Conference, 2013
1. The potential of language corpora in ELT
2. Introducing pedagogic corpora
3. Annotating pedagogy
4. Functions of the pedagogic search tool in SACODEYL & BACKBONE
5. Using the search tool for language learning: Integrating activities in
ELT (Secondary Ed. & CLIL)
6. An overview of the tools to create your own corpora (corpus
compilation, annotation and pedagogical enrichment)
7. Questions and feedback
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1. The potential of language corpora in ELT
Using pedagogic corpora in ELTEuroCALL Conference, 2013
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DDL = data-driven learning, i.e. learning driven by data
Data
Attested uses of language recorded in real
communicative contexts
Stored in language corpora and accessed
mainly through concordancers
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From a pedagogic perspective:New learning paradigms → 21st C learning or lifelong learning
New roles & attitudes
STUDENTS
detectivesresearchers
activeresponsible
TEACHERS
guides facilitators
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From a language learning-oriented perspective:
Versatility & learning potential
AUTHENTIC 4 SKILLS AWARENESS RAISING
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The impact of DDL
Despite its potential benefits:
&Marginal impact in
mainstream language teaching
Limited to higher education settings
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WHY???- Direct transfer of CL research methods to the classroom
- Scant knowledge of Applied Corpus Linguistics
- Lack of user-friendly DDL software
- DDL seen as DANGEROUS (Boulton, 2009)
Teachers are no longer the only owners of knowledge
Challenge to traditional teaching practices
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Tertiary education Non-tertiary education0
102030405060708090
100
67
9
Number of empirical studies (1991-2010)
CONTEXT
Source: Boulton (2010)
Scant scholarly attention in non-tertiary settings
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CAUTION!
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Different contexts different students with different objectives, abilities and needs
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Advanced corpus users
Research purposes
Translation
L2 learning at
university
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Novice corpus users
L2 learning at high school
CLIL
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2. Introducing pedagogic corpora
Using pedagogic corpora in ELTEuroCALL Conference, 2013
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1. Scant attention2. Learners’ profile3. Lack of resources
PEDAGOGIC CORPORA
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An alternative to the direct transfer of CL
research-oriented tools and methods is
needed
INNOVATION
&
Compilation of pedagogically relevant
language data
Development of pedagogic corpus tools
PEDAGOGIC MEDIATION
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Why pedagogic?
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Large, general corpora
Novice users
Photo: Kordite, Flickr
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Homogeneous and systematic
Thematic relevance
Recontextualisation Authentication
Easy to use query tools and search optionsBraun (2006)
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Design Principles
Genuine materials, but…• small, homogeneous corpora• pedagogically relevant genres• multi-modal approach (videos, audios)• exploitation of the transcripts from different
angles (full texts, sections, concordances)
Data-based learning, but…• pedagogical annotation and selection• enrichment of the corpora (learning materials,
web resources)
support of the authentication process
communicative and exploratory teaching/learning
TaLC 2010, Brno, © 2010 J. Widmann/M. Sánchez-Tornel
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EU-UMU Initiatives
• 2005 – 2008
• Video interviews in 7 EU
languages
• Teen talk
• Corpus compilation & exploitation
tools
• Learning materials
• Corpora & tools freely available
www.um.es/sacodeyl
• 2009 – 2011
• Video interviews in 6 EU
languages + English as lingua
franca
• Adult speech – professional fields
• Corpus compilation & exploitation
tools
• Learning materials
• Corpora & tools freely available
www.uni-tuebingen.de/backbone
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Bambrick-Santoyo (2010) → learner-centered data-driven instruction should focus on assessment, analysis, action, and a data-driven culture
Our approach to innovation:- New model → from data to meaningful information- Data in the web 2.0 era: multimodal, searchable, exportable
and transformable- SACODEYL and BACKBONE reflect the dimensions for
educational innovation at the innovative or most innovative levels outlined by Law et al (2011):
learning objectivesstudent’s role
teacher’s roleICT use
connectedness
multiplicity of learning outcomes
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3. Annotating pedagogy
Using pedagogic corpora in ELTEuroCALL Conference, 2013
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• Pérez-Paredes & Alcaraz (2009)For the time being, the natural corpus playground
continues to be tertiary education. Our proposal:XML >>CL in the language classroom.
The resulting annotated corpus can be seen as being integrative of language data and annotated pedagogy. The interesting aspect here is that pedagogy can be annotated and, subsequently, accessed by corpus users.
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Linguistic analysis of interest in FLT------>Linguistics comes first------->DDL materialsConcordances and corpus
Researcher/LinguistEnd user
The possibilitiesScenario(Alcáraz and Pérez-Paredes2008)
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• Pedagogical analysis (and annotation) of language corpora
------>Pedagogy comes first
------->Pedagogy-driven
DDL
• Pedagogical analysis (and annotation) of language corpora
------>Pedagogy comes first
------->Pedagogy-driven
DDL
Material developer/Teacher/ LearnerEnd user
The feasibilityScenario(Alcáraz and Pérez-Paredes2008)
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It is certainly possible to use language corpora and CL methodology in the language classroom. This possibilities scenario (Alcaraz and Pérez-Paredes, 2008) takes the research tools and methodology of the CL research paradigm straightaway to the language classroom. In other words, in the specific contexts of the language learning it seemed appropriate to do so. However, other considerations affecting pedagogic issues were simply neglected. The methodological transfer from the CL research area to the applied ring of language learning and teacher underwent noadaptation, and thus learners were presented with the same tools, corpora and analytical tasks as well-trained and professional linguists.
Pérez-Paredes, P. (2010). Corpus Linguistics and Language Education in Perspective: Appropriation and the Possibilities Scenario. In T. Harris & M. Moreno Jaén (Eds.), Corpus Linguistics in Language Teaching (pp. 53-73). Peter Lang.
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• What is BACKBONE/ SACODEYL Annotator?• How can I install BACKBONE/ SACODEYL
Annotator?• Overview
– Corpus Management– Category Management– Annotation Management– Metadata Management
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What is SACODEYL Annotator?
• SACODEYL Annotator …• Is a free and open source tool for annotating texts• Has been developed from the pedagogical perspective
(not morpho-sintactic tagging oriented)• Offers support for pedagogical annotation in texts• Supports the customization of the annotated tags
according to the necessities of the teacher.
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Annotation Aim
• Why are you annotating?• What is the purpose of your annotation?• What use are you giving to your annotation?
We assume you are annotating a text for your own students’ language learning purposes
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What is the output of SACODEYL Annotator?
• A corpus stored in XML TEI format that contains:– Texts (one text in our case)– Annotations over the text– The category tree (shared by all the texts)– Resources linked to the texts– Metadata associated to texts
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What is XML TEI format?
– TEI Text Encoding Initiative– This is a format for storing corpora– Has been promoted by OTA
(Oxford Text Archive)– Is a continuously growing format (more than 50
versions released yet, currently TEI P5)– Is rapidly spreading among the available tools
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TEI Tools (Research)
• TeiPublisher“This tool is a XML-based repository thatallows the publication of TEI corpora to thepublic community and offers a search tool.”
• Dexter“This is other annotator tool that used TEI as the format for the annotated files.”
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TEI Tools (Research)
• Oxygen XML Editor and XMLSpy“These are XML Editors that allows the modification
of the TEI files without any limitation” (These are complex for non-advanced users)
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TEI Tools (Research)
• TAPoR (http://portal.tapor.ca/)“The Text Analysis Portal for Research (TAPoR) is a gateway to tools for sophisticated analysis and retrieval, along with representative texts for experimentation.”
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TEI Tools (Research)
• WordHoard http://wordhoard.northwestern.edu/userman/index.html
“Is a tool for annotating or tagging texts by morphological, lexical, prosodic, and narratological criteria and for determining frequency information”
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TEI Tools (Research)
• XAIRAXAIRA (XML Aware Information Retrieval Architecture) is an open source tool for constructing high-quality linguistically-motivated search interfaces to large collections of XML documents.
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• The XAIRA search with our SACODEYL corpus!!!!
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Discussion and debate
• Pedagogical annotation vs. Morphological tagging paradigm
• Learner-centered vs. Researcher-oriented• Indirect applications of language corpora vs.
Direct applications• Constraints of traditional CL in the language
classroom
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Discussion and debate
• Cognitive demands of traditional CL in the language classroom: learner as a reseacher and as a traveller
• Is CL an extra hassle in language classrooms? (Mauranen 2004)
• Customization of language corpus/collection of texts• Mediation role of corpus-based resources in the FLT
classroom• Authenticity issues (Widdowson)
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4. Functions of the pedagogic search tool in SACODEYL & BACKBONE
Using pedagogic corpora in ELTEuroCALL Conference, 2013
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The main learning space
Access to corpora + learning materials
Four search modes: - Browse
- Section search- Concordances- Co-occurrences
Wordlists
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The browse mode
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The section search mode
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The section search mode
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The co-occurrences search mode
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The concordances search mode
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The word lists view
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Moodle integration
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5. Using the search tool for language learning: Integrating activities in ELT (Secondary Ed. &
CLIL)
Using pedagogic corpora in ELTEuroCALL Conference, 2013
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-Learning packages
http://sacodeyl.inf.um.es/sacodeyl-search2/faces/corpora/resources/EnglishCorpus_packages.html
-Exploratory activities
http://sacodeyl.inf.um.es/sacodeyl-search2/faces/corpora/resources/EnglishCorpus_exploratory.html
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6. An overview of the tools to create your own corpora (corpus compilation, annotation and
pedagogical enrichment)
Using pedagogic corpora in ELTEuroCALL Conference, 2013
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http://www.um.es/backbone/tutorials/annotator/
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What categories does this defaultcategory tree contain ?
TopicsGrammaticalLexicalStyleCEF Level….
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How can I add a new document to the current corpus?
1. Press in …
2. Select the text format/encoding
3. Select the new document
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What does the text format mean?
• This is the manner in which the text is laid out in the file.
• Mainly 3 text formats are supported:– Plain text (written) .txt– Oral text in SACODEYL Transcriptor format– XML text in TEI standard format (text in special XML files)
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This is the form in which the text is stored (related to the Multilanguage).
(In Windows ANSI by default)
What does the text encoding mean?
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Adding our example
• Our example file is en17.txt– This file has a SACODEYL Transcriptor
format– Has been encoded with multilingual
support encoding format (UTF-16)• Save the changes!!!!
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Selecting the text to work with
• Now we can insert a great amount of texts in the same corpus.
• We can select one and annotate it.
1. Press …
2. Select the document
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Friendly Appearance
• Pedagogical orientation
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Information showed in the working document
• Section Number• Applied Categories to this section
(Annotations)• Speaker (only in oral text)• Transcription
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What is a section?
• Is a stretch of text that is pedagogically motivated.• A fragment that could be useful in a classroom• A section can be established in any kind of text (oral
and written) with the insertion of the special char (#) for division of texts into sections.
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Intuitive Annotation Process
• Drag and Drop to Annotate a Section
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Keywords
• SACODEYL Annotator supports the annotation of keywords at any kind of level
• Just select text and apply a category by right-clicking
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What is a Keyword?
• “… [a] keyword is a stretch of language (a word, more than one word or a whole paragraph) that the annotator associates to a category…”
Pérez-Paredes and Alcaraz, ReCALL, Jan. 2009 Vol 21. (1) (Forthcoming)
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Selective View
• Offers a selective view of the information in order to facilitate the organization.
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Annotating a Title
• Drag and Drop the special “Title” category to the desired section.
• The title is rendered by a tool tip when placing the cursor on
the section. (No tool tip = No title)
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Multilanguage
• Supports a real multilingual annotation• May use texts in any language
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Extensible
• Supports customization of the annotation
• User can add his/her own annotation taxonomy or remove any annotation category
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How can I add a new category?
– Select the parent category. (i.e. Topics)
– Press Add Cat. Button.– Fill the dialog
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How can I remove a category?
Select the category to remove (i.e. Topic)
Be careful …All the associated children will
be removed alsoAll the annotation with the tags
will be removed alsoPress Delete Cat. Button.
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How can I reorder the categories?
Select the category to reorder (i.e. Topic)
Press Up Cat or Down Cat. to move it.
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How can I customize a category?Select the category to
customize (i.e. Topic)Press double click
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Can I manage metadata for the working text?
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What if I find mistakes?
• Supports edition of the inserted texts.• Uses XML TEI standard for encoding corpora.
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Multilingual Interface
• Available in many languages• You could also add your language for the
interfaces
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Integration
• SACODEYL Annotator has been integrated with:– SACODEYL Transcriptor– SACODEYL Search – SACODEYL VRP
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Resource Management
• Offers enrichment of text with external resources
• i.e. html links, videos, audios, etc.
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Where is the information stored?
• Remember: All the information is store in one file. The corpus file which you have created.
Corpus
LanguageData
Annotation
Language
Metadata
Pedagogy
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Pascual Pérez-Paredes [email protected]ía Sánchez Tornel [email protected]
Universidad de Murcia, Spain
CorpusCALL: Using pedagogic corpora in ELT
EUROCALL 2013 - University of Évora, Portugal20 years of EUROCALL:
Learning from the Past, Looking to the Future