16

Centre for the Study of theRenaissance

Using, Misusing, and Abusing Latin in the

Early Modern Period

A conference at the University of Warwick

Friday and Saturday, 25–26 April 2014

Arts Centrebus stop

SocialSciencesBuilding

RamphalBuilding

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Campus Map

Arts Centrebus stop

Librarybus stop

HumanitiesBuilding

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Chairs

Dr.David A.Lines(Italian/Centre forthe Stud yof the Renaissance,W arwick)

Dr.PaulBotley(Eng lish/Centre forthe Stud yof the Renaissance,W arwick)

Dr.MátéVince

Dr.Ing rid d e Sm et(French/Centre forthe Stud yof the Renaissance,W arwick)

Dr.Teresa Grant(Eng lish,W arwick)

M aya Feile Tom es(Classics,Cam b rid g e )

Dr.AnthonyOssa-Richard son

Conference Sta ff

Joanna Rzepa,PhDStud ent,Eng lishand Com parative LiteraryStud ies,W arwick

Dr.And re a Selleri,Rese archAssociate,Eng lishand Com parative LiteraryStud ies,

W arwick

Micha e lTsang ,PhDStud ent,Eng lishand Com parative LiteraryStud ies,W arwick

Org a nisers

Dr.AnthonyOssa-Richard son,Leverhulm e EarlyCare erFellow,Schoolof Eng lishand

Dram a,Que en M aryUniversityof Lond on

tel:07791008925

Dr.MátéVince,Form erIASEarlyCare erFellow,Rese archAssociate,Eng lishand

Com parative LiteraryStud ies,W arwick

tel:07531415220

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Aaron Shapiro (Boston University), Neo-Latin Imitation As Emendation: William Gager’s

Supplements to Seneca’s Hippolytus

W illiam Ga g er’ssupplem ents(1592) to Sene ca ’sHippolytuscom m a nd attention fortheir

sig nifica nce b oth to Eng lish the aterhistory and to the history of classica l scholarship.

Ga g er’sepilog ue — a spirite d d e fense of a c a d e m ic sta g e-plays— sparke d a controversywith

John Reynold sthatb e g a n in Latin and spille d overintoEng lish,and itd eservescom parison

with b etter-known verna culard e fensesof poetry and the ater.The a d d itionsasa whole

should b e und erstood aspartof the wid erpra ctice of im a g inative supplem entation,the

com position of Gre ek a nd N eo-Latin im itationsto fill la cuna e in classica ltexts.These

im a g inative interpolations b elong to the larg er phenom enon of the hum anist

supplem entum ,which serve d som etim esto com plete partial texts and som etim esto

surm ounttextsalre a d ycom plete (e.g .,M a ffeo Ve g io’scom position of a thirte enth b ook for

the Aeneid ).Build ing upon the scholarshipof J.W .Binnsand Dana Sutton,Iarg ue that

Ga g er’ssupplem ents,consid ere d in thiscontext,she d lig htb oth on the pra cticesof other

Renaissance e d itors(e.g .,Erm olao Barb aro,JohannesFreinsheim ) a nd on the m otivations,

state d a nd im plicit,thatle d scholarspara d oxica llyto honorclassica ltextsb ya d ulterating

them withnew m aterial.

Dr. Paul White (University of Manchester), Teaching Latin in the Grammar Class on the

cusp of the French Renaissance

‘N ob od y,exceptthe young estpupils in the elem entary class,should spe a k in the

verna cular;m oreover,tohelpthe young onesle arn,the m ore a d va nce d pupilswhen talking

to them should spe a k firstin Latin,and then translate into the verna cularonlywhatthey

have notund erstood .’(Nemo nisi parvulus, idemque elementarius, vernacule loquatur: quinetiam

ut ipsi parvuli discant, provectiores una cum his loquendo, prius Latine dicant, deinde vernaculo

sermone interpretentur, siquid minus intellexerint.) The sixte enth-century statutes of the

Collèg e d e Guyenne sug g estthatin the hum anistschoolsof the French Renaissance,Latin

waseverything .Latin wasb oththe onlysub je ctand the onlym e d ium of instruction,and

m asteryof the la ng ua g e in b othorala nd written form wasthe expe cte d outcom e.This,at

le ast,wasthe id e a l.Françoise W aquetand othershave hig hlig hte d how form uch of its

m od ern history,the re a lityof Latin e d ucation fellfarshortof the id e a l.Iintend to look in

particular atthe te a ching pra ctices of Jod ocus Ba d ius Ascensius,who ha d b e en a

schoolm asterin a Lyon g ram m arschoolin the 1490s,and wasin Parisa printerand author

of g ram m artextb ooksand com m entariesthatha d a wid e d istrib ution and were use d well

into the sixte enth century.To jud g e from the vastexpansesof Latin textthatm ake up

Ba d ius’s‘fa m iliar’(g ram m atica l) com m entaries,one m ig hte asily conclud e thathum anist

te a cherslike Ba d iustaug htthe re a d ing of classica ltextsthroug h totalim m ersion in the

Latin lang ua g e from the b e g inning .Butevid ence to the contrary existsin the form of

verna cularg lossesin Latin com m entaries,and b iling ualg ram m artextb ooksthatBa d ius

him self printe d orcolla b orate d on,which com b ine d the Latin with explicatory textin

Eng lish,Scots,FrenchorFlem ish.

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Conference Prog ram m e

Friday, 25 April

10.45–11.30 Re g istration (Te a /Coffe e )

The Gra d uate Spa ce

11.30 Opening

Ra m phalBuild ing ,R1.15

11.45–12.45 Pa nel1

Ra m phalBuild ing ,R1.15– Chair:David A. Lines

Caroline Spearing,Latin in Books1–2 of Ab raha m Cowley’sLibri Plantarum

Sex (1663)

William Barton,Latin a nd the Verna cularinEarlyMod ern Verona:Two

Accountsof TripstoMonte Bald o

13.00–14.00 Lunch

The Gra d uate Spa ce

14.00–15.00 Pa nel2

Hum a nitiesBuild ing ,H5.45– Chair:Paul Botley

Giuliana Di Biase,Cicero’sLatin in Locke’sworks.A case of m isusing

Andrzej Probulski,A CouncilDivid e d :prud entia a nd a ncepsconsilium in S.

H.Lub om irski’sDe vanitate consiliorum

15.00–15.30 Te a /Coffe e

The Gra d uate Spa ce

4

15.30–17.00 Pa nel3

Hum a nitiesBuild ing ,H5.45– Chair:Máté Vince

Hugh Roberts a nd Annette Tomarken,Despauterius,Brusca m b ille,and the

Com e d yof Latin Gram m ar

Paul White,Tea ching Latin inthe Gram m arClassonthe cuspof the French

Renaissance

Francesco Lucioli,The Ad vice of a M aster:A Re a d ing of ProsperoAcrim ato’s

Pareneticum Carmen In Catonis Praecepta De Moribus

17.00–17.30 Te a /Coffe e

17.30–18.30 Key-note Le cture

Andrew Taylor,Erasm us,re form ing la ng ua g e a nd the hum a n

Hum a nitiesBuild ing ,H5.45– Chair:Ingrid de Smet

19.00 Conference Dinner(Xa na na's)

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Caroline Spearing (King’s College, London) Latin in Books 1–2 of Abraham Cowley’s

Libri Plantarum Sex (1663)

W hatwere the im plicationsof pub lishing a Latin literarypoem in Restoration Eng la nd ?

W hile the d id a ctic tra d ition wasstillflourishing on the Continent,Eng lishpoetsha d forthe

m ostpartfollowe d the le a d of Milton,who a fterthe Poemataof 1645wrote pre d om inantlyin

the verna cular.Butin 1663Ab raham Cowleypub lishe d the firsttwo b ooks-over2,500lines

-of hisPlantarum,and in 1668 ca m e the posthum ousappe arance of a ll six,the Libri

Plantarum Sex.The vastm ajorityof Cowley’swork isin Eng lish,and the Plantarum, withits

apparatusof le arne d footnotes,hastra d itionally b e en viewe d asthe prod uctof Cowley’s

retirem ent,when politica l d isfavour d rove him to pursue b otanica l stud ies in the

countrysid e.

Thispaperwillfocuson b ooks1-2,consid ering whetherthe choice of Latin asthe vehicle

forthe Plantarum representsm ore than the pre ferre d choice fora work of scientific stud y.

Even in these firsttwo b ooks,conventionally re g ard e d asthe m oststraig htforward ly

d id a ctic,we find close eng a g em entb oth with classica lintertexts(particularly Ovid a nd

Virg il) a nd withcontem porarypolitics.Cowley’sa ccom m od ation withthe Realpolitik of the

1650sha d b a ckfire d spe cta cularly,and Ishallb e asking whetherin the Plantarum he d rew

on hislong care erasse creta g entand cryptog rapherto cre ate a textwhich containe d

m essa g esa ccessib le onlyto a hig hly-e d ucate d a nd essentiallytrustworthym inority.

Prof. Hugh Roberts (University of Exeter) and Dr. Annette Tomarken(Miami University

of Ohio), Despauterius, Bruscambille, and the Comedy of Latin Grammar

Anye d ucate d sixte enth-orsevente enth-centuryFrenchm an would sig h atthe m em oryof

le arning Latin using the m ethod sof the Flem ishg ram m arian Jan van Spauteren (1460-1520),

usuallyknown asDespauteriusorDespautère in French.The le arne d g ra m m arian’suse of

m em orization,lists,spe cia ltype-fa cesa nd even shortpoem sasm nem onic te a ching tools

wasto b e prom inentin the te a ching of elem entaryFrench g ram m arin schoolsuntilwell

into the sevente enth century.Ind e e d ,he wasso wellknown thatBrusca m b ille,talente d

prolog ueuratthe Hôteld e Bourg og ne in Paris,wasa b le to includ e in hiscom ic spe e chesa

num b er of spe cific re ferences to Despautère’s rules.Buthispurpose in using such

re ferenceswasto am use a nd to esta b lisha b ond withhislarg elym ale aud ience ratherthan

to e d ucate.O ften presenting him self asa m uch-m alig ne d te a cherorpe d a nt,he m a d e use of

Despautère’srules,particularly those concerning g end er,to m ake sexistrem arks and

scatolog ica lpuns.W e propose to tra ce the b a ckg round to Brusca m b ille’sre currentinterest

in Despautère a nd to explore the ways in which his fascination with the

g ram m arian/schoolm asterfig ure ena b le d him to d evelop aspe ctsof hisown the atrica l

persona,one constantlym arke d b yerud ition worn lig htly.

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the style of the classica lg enre in theirown com positions.Itwillreve a lthe extentto

which these poetswere a b le to d ete ctstylistic fe aturesoutsid e of com m entariesand

poetic m a nualsand explore e arlym od ern approa chesto Latin m etre in satire,an aspe ct

of classica lim itation thatisoften ne g le cte d in contem poraryscholarship.Thisin turn

willhelpshow how e arlym od ern poetsand scholarsa d apte d a nd appropriate d from

classica lLatin to m e ettheirown ne e d s.Mypaperwilluse thisinform ation to a d d ress

the question of the extentto which m etrica l a nd stylistic consid erationsre fle cta

d evelopm ent and im provem ent in und erstand ing classica l poets as the century

prog resse d a nd show to whatextenta consid eration of m etrica lim itation evincesan

und erstand ing of how satire,and in consequence otherg enres,wastheorise d a nd

und erstood .

Andrzej Probulski (Jagiellonian University, Cracow), A Council Divided: prudentia

and anceps consilium in S. H. Lubomirski’s De vanitate consiliorum

The paper aim s to d iscuss som e of the lexica l choices m a d e b y Stanisław Hera kliusz

Lub om irski(1642-1702) in hisneolatin d ia log ue De vanitate consiliorum.Printe d two

ye arsb e fore hisd e ath,De vanitate consiliorum wasone of the m ostfa m ousworksof

Lub om irskia m ong hiscontem poraries,and rem ainsto b e one of the m ostpuzzling for

the m od ern scholars.W asita politica l testam entof a d isillusione d politicia n? A

m anifestof hisphilosophica lscepticism ?A m ere d isplayof hisrhetorica lprowess?

By m aking a conne ction b etwe en two se em ing ly d eta che d Latin term sem ploye d b y

Lub om irski– prudentia a nd consilium anceps – Iattem pttopropose a new perspe ctive on

De vanitate consiliorum.Situating the a forem entione d term sin a b roa d errhetorica l

contextof Lub om irki’swork,Ipresentthem asa kind of a m eta com m entaryon hisown

use of two-fold arg um ents(disputatio in utramque partem):b oth asan use fultoolfor

pra ctica ljud g e m entand asa n ob sta cle to consent.

My aim isto d em onstrate the sub tle way in which Lub om irskiinterwe avesthe less

ob viousm e a ning sof Latin term sin hisd ia log ue:while the politica lprudentia (b eing

represente d in EarlyMod ern iconog raphyashaving two he a d sturne d in two opposite

d ire ctions) would a llow form aking rig htpolitica l d e cisions,the consilium anceps (lit.

“two-he a d e d council”) would atthe sa m e tim e b e a n institution inherentlyincapa b le of

taking a ction.

5

Saturday, 26 April

The whole d ayta kespla ce in Social Sciences, S0.10

10.00–11.30 Pa nel4

Chair:Teresa Grant

David Andrew Porter,The Prosod yand Style of neo-Latin Satire in the 16th

century

Sofia Guthrie,A ProtestantPalinurus:Virg ilian sa crifice in Antoine Garissoles’

Adolphid

Rocco Di Dio,Re a d ing ,Excerpting a nd Reusing Latin and Classica lTexts:M arsilio

Ficino and HisN ote b ooks

11.30-12.00 Te a /Coffe e

12.00–13.30 Pa nel5

Chair:M aya Feile Tom es

John T. Gilmore,Approa chestom od ern Latinpoetry:Translating the Ab b é

M assieu’sCaffaeum, Carmen

Desiree Arbo,LatinEpic a nd Platonism inthe JesuitProvince of Para g uay

Andrew Laird,Latin and e d ucation of the native nob ilityin post-conquestM exico

13.30–14.30 Lunch

14.30–16 Pa nel6

Chair:Anthony Ossa-Richardson

Giacomo Comiati,Presence a nd use of Horatian Carm ina in Sixte enth-century

Venice

Linda Grant,Im itatio,intertextualityand re ception:re-writing classica lLatin love

ele g yin sixte enth-centuryEng la nd

Aaron Shapiro,N eo-Latin Im itation AsEm end ation:W illiam Ga g er’sSupplem ents

toSene ca ’sHippolytus

16 Closing rem arks

6

Ab stra cts

Desiree Arbo (University of Warwick), Latin Epic and Platonism in the Jesuit

Province of Paraguay: José Manuel Peramás and Re-Using the Classics in Eighteenth-

Century Spanish America

JesuitLatin culture b etwe en the sevente enth to the eig hte enth centurieshasb e e n the

sub je ctof g rowing attention in re centd e c a d es.The Jesuitscultivate d classica lle arning

a nd the Latin hum anism whichwasinte g raltotheire d ucationalsystem on b othsid esof

the Atlantic,b utfew scholarshave stud ie d one of the m ostfa m ousthe atresof their

la b ours:the Guara nim issionsof Para g uay,orthe JesuitProvince of Paraquaria.This

presentation exploresthe d ifferentusesof Latin b yJoséM anuelPeram ás(1732-1793),a

Spanish Jesuitwho live d a nd worke d atthe JesuitUniversityof Córd ob a (Arg entina )

a nd the m ission of Sa n Ig na cioMiníb e fore b eing exile d to Italyin 1767.Hisworkscover

a variety of g enres,includ ing b iog raphy,epic poetry and oratory.Thispresentation

explorestwo workswhich illustrate hisg re atfa cilityin Latin and extensive re a d ing of

classica l texts:an epic poem ,De Invento N ovo Orb e (1777),and a prose tre atise

com paring the Jesuitm issionsof Para g uayto the id e a lstate in Plato’sRepub lic:the De

a d m inistratione Guaranica com parata a d rem pub lica m Platoniscom m entarius(1793).A

stud yof these twoworksand the d istinctive wayin whichb othtextswere presente d b y

theirauthorreve a lsnotonlythe extentof classica lle arning in thiscornerof the world ,

b utalso how the use of the classics,com b ine d with hisknowle d g e a nd experience of

colonial Spanish Am erica,ena b le d José M anuel Peram ás to prod uce unique a nd

innovative worksof Latin literature.

Prof. Giuliana Di Biase (Università G. d'Annunzio Chieti-Pescara Italy), Cicero’s

Latin in Locke’s works. A case of misusing

Cicero’sinfluence on Locke’sphilosophica lthoug ht,espe cia llym ora lthoug ht,iscle arly

apparentatle astsince theQuaestiones on the Law of Nature written b ythe latterin 1664.

Perhaps,itislesscle arhow Locke som etim esm isuse d Cicero’sLatin,in ord erto

attrib ute a new m e a ning to term swhichha d b e com e a m b ig uousin the la ng ua g e of his

tim e.In particular,asisconfirm e d b ya 1684m anuscriptnote,Locke d istance d him self

from the m e a ning Cicero attrib ute d to the term prudentia in De Officiis,and in a 1687

m anuscriptnote containing a classification of the scienceshe rem old e d itb ym aking it

synonym ouswith Cicero’snotion of decorum. Accord ing to De Officiis,b oth prudentia

a nd decorum are partsofhonestum, thoug htheyre ferto d ifferentsetsof virtues;prob a b ly,

in the eig htiesLocke b e g a n to fe elthe m e a ning Cicero attrib ute d to prudentia (whichwas

veryne arto the Thom istic-Aristotelian one ) wastoo ind eterm inate,b eing notcle arly

d isting uishe d from thatof sapientia. Asa m atterof fa ct,the term prudentia ha d b e c a m e

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Prof. Andrew Laird (University of Warwick), Latin and education of the native

nobility in post-conquest Mexico

In the d e c a d esa fterthe Spanish conquestof M exico in 1521 Francisca n m issionaries

provid e d a n a d va nc e d e d ucation in Latin to a sele ctnum b erof youthsfrom the N ahua

(or‘Azte c’) elitesof centralM exico.The paperwillcha lleng e conventionalassum ptions

a b outthe purpose of thate d ucation,in the lig htof som e textsprod uce d b ythe stud ents

them selves.Itwillb e shown thatthe outcom esof the N ahuas'training were in som e

respe ctsb ene ficia lforthe preservation of theirlang ua g esa nd tra d itions,b utd etrim ental

in others.

Francesco Lucioli (University of Cambridge), The Advice of a Master: A Reading of

Prospero Acrimato’s Pareneticum Carmen In Catonis Praecepta De Moribus

Prospero Acrim ato,an Italian hum anistknown to usexclusivelythroug h hispoetica l

work,pub lishe d in 1539 a Pareneticum carmen in Catonis praecepta de moribus,an

interesting exa m ple of rewriting of the Disticha Catonis.The Disticha Catoniswere usually

use d asa scholarlytext,to te a ch a nd le arn Latin.Thisisalso the aim of the firstpartof

Acrim ato’swork,d e d icate d to hispupilPaolo N om entano:itcontainsa seriesof use ful

pe d a g og ica l a d vice,introd uce d b y spe cific titles,on b oth g ood la ng ua g e a nd g ood

m a nners.These a d vice are rewritten in the se cond partof the text,d e d icate d to a certain

N iccolòTifernate,where Acrim ato offersa ‘iocosa palinod ia ’of the sam e sug g estions:

preserving the sam e titlesof thedisticha,Acrim atowritesa palinod e of b oththe form and

the m ora lm e a ning of the orig inaltexts.A d etaile d a na lysisof thiscolle ction hasnever

b e en attem pte d b e fore,b utitwilloffera n interesting perspe ctive on the use a nd the

a b use of Latin in the EarlyMod ern schools,asitwillfocuson hum anistic e d ucation and

the wayscholarsand m astersd e a ltand playe d withLatin.

David Andrew Porter (University of Cambridge), The Prosody and Style of neo-Latin

Satire in the 16th century

Classica lLatin satire provid e d thre e poets,Hora ce,Juvena l a nd Persius,asg eneric

m od elsforneo-Latin satirists.These a ncientpoetsprovid e d the e arlym od ern poetwith

a setof m etrica la nd stylistic fe aturesthatd isting uishe d the Latin g enre.Yet,althoug h

the style a nd m etre of m od elpoets,such asOvid a nd Virg il,were d iscusse d in e arly

m od ern poetic tre atises,the d iscussion of satire focuse d on etym olog ica la nd historica l

questionstothe ne g le ctof m etrica lconcerns.Thisle ftthe im itation of the unique style of

a ncientsatire in the hand sof ind ivid ualneo-Latin poets.Mypaperwillexam ine how a

rang e of sixte enth-centuryneo-Latin satirica lpoets,such asPetrusMontanus,Thom as

N aog eorg ,M arc-Antoine Muret,Georg e Buchana n a nd others,ind epend entlya d opte d

10

To illustrate the va lue of thisapproa ch,the se cond ha lf of thispaperwilllook attwo

exam plesof Renaissance imitatio a nd willexplore how keyword scre ate intertextual

cond uitswhichlinktextsin reve a ling ways:candida in Catullus68,Petrarch’s‘Una c erva

ca nd id a ’a nd W yatt’s‘W hoso Listto Hunt’;and regna in Ovid ’sAmores 3.7,Donne’s‘To

HisMistressGoing toBe d ’a nd Thom asN ashe’sChoice of Valentines.

Sofia Guthrie (University of Warwick), A Protestant Palinurus: Virgilian sacrifice in

Antoine Garissoles’ Adolphid

The Adolphid isa Latin epic pub lishe d in France in 1649.Itsauthor,Antoine Garissoles

(1587-1650),wasa Hug uenotand a professorof Theolog yatthe Protestanta c a d e m yat

Montaub a n.The sub je ctof the poem isthe Swe d ish king GustavusAd olphus(1594-

1632),portraye d asa heroic d e fe nd erof hisfellow Europe a n Protestantsin the Thirty

Ye ars'W ar(1618-1648).

Itiswell esta b lishe d (e.g .Gre g ory 1999) thatin 16th-and 17th-century Europe the

powerg enerate d b ym artyrd om wasuse d to form ulate a share d Protestantid entity,and

thatm artyrolog ica lelem entsappe are d in a wid e rang e of literaryg enres.Mypaperaim s

toinvestig ate how Antoine Garissoleshasem ploye d a para d ig m b orrowe d from a ncient

epic to d epictthe Swe d ishking asa Protestantm artyr.

Myana lysiswillfocuson lines11.510-667of the Adolphid,in which a sustaine d a llusion

to the sa crifice of Pa linurusrelate d b y the Rom a n poetVirg ilin Aeneid 5.827-871 is

woven around GustavusAd olphus'd e ath on the b attle-field .Thispaperwillsug g est

thatVirg il'sAeneid isuse d asa cipherto elevate the statusof the king 'sd e ath,proje cting

itasthe sa crifice of a g uiltlessvictim forthe Protestantcause,and thatthe use of the

Latin lang ua g e fa cilitatesthe e ffe ctive transm ission of thisviewpoint.

Exploring the use of such an epic para d ig m isnotonlyim portantforprovid ing insig ht

into how Latin poetryre fle cte d 17th-centuryrelig iousand politica lid e as,b utalso for

ca lling attention to the role Classics and the Latin lang ua g e ha d in prom oting

internationa lProtestantism .

7

a m b ig uousin Locke’stim e:itsm oral sig nification was ob scure d b y the strate g ic

m e a ning conferre d to itin som e writing s(espe cia llyB.Gra cia n’sOraculo manual y arte de

prudencia),hence the ne cessityLocke feltto rem old the m e a ning of Cicero’snotion of

prudentia wasprob a b lyd ue tohisd esire topreserve the term from furthercorrosion.

William Barton (King’s College, London), Latin and the Vernacular in Early Modern

Verona: Two Accounts of Trips to Monte Baldo

Atthe end of the 16th c e nturytwo apothe c ariesund ertookrese archtripstoMonte Bald o,

one of the Pre-Alpine pe a ksaround Lake Gard a.Theirauthorsca m e from the sam e

town,were em ploye d in the sam e profession,were onlyone g eneration apartand – the

pointof interestforthispaper– pub lishe d theira ccountsin b othLatin and Ita lian.

Francesco Calzolaripub lishe d hisIl Viaggio di Monte Baldo in 1566.Itwasfollowe d b ya

Latin version in 1571,also pub lishe d in Venice.JoannesPona’sPlantae…quae in Baldo

Monte…reperiuntur wasfirstpub lishe d in Latin in 1601 atAntwerp.Itwasfollowe d 16

ye arslaterb yan Italian translation printe d in Venice.

These two a ccountsoffera ne atcase stud yof the relationship b etwe en Latin and the

verna cularforEarlyMod ern naturalists– theywere written b y ne arcontem poraries

with sim ilarinterestsand a b outthe sa m e m ountain,b utone waspub lishe d firstin

Italian,the otherin Latin.Theywere b othsub sequentlyfollowe d b ytranslations.

Thispaperwilllook atthe circum stancesand m otivationsthatCalzolariand Pona m ig ht

have ha d fortheirchoice of la ng ua g e forpub lication.Iwill firstconsid erthe m ore

ord inary fa ctorsin such a choice,such asthe aud ience envisa g e d forthe works,the

inclusion of the worksin larg ervolum esor,ind e e d ,the la ng ua g e skillsof theirauthors.

ButIwillconclud e b y offering som e m ore sug g estive a nd perhapsm ore interesting

re asonsthatthese two EarlyMod ern authorsm ig hthave ha d forchoosing Latin orthe

verna cularfortheirworks.

Giacomo Comiati (University of Warwick), Presence and use of Horatian Carmina in

Sixteenth-century Venice

My paperaim sto a na lyse the use of the Horatian Carmina the Venetian poetCelio

M a g no (1536-1602) d oesin hisBook of Rhym es(pub lishe d in 1600).

In sixte enth-centuryItalythe m ostusuala nd a cknowle d g e d wayto write poetrywasto

follow the Petrarcha n m od e l.Despite thiscom m on literarytrend ,som e authorsd e cid e d

to expresstheirne e d forinnovation within the poetica lfield b yfollowing ,tog etherwith

the exam ple of Petrarch,thatother ca nonise d poets,m ainly Latin authors (like

Propertius,Tib ullusand Hora ce ).

8

In thispaperIwantto stud ythe particularuse Celio M a g no d oesof the Carmina poem s

b yHora ce.The Italia n poetisnotonlyinspire d b ythem ,b uthe constructshisown b ook

of rhym esa ccord ing to a pre cise m ora lpathway,whichism od elle d m ainlyon Horatian

pre cepts.M a g no in hispoem sinvitesatfirsthisre a d ersto a ccepttheird oom of b eing s

cond em ne d to d e ath (asHora ce usually d oesin hisOdes),then he invitesthem to

consid ertwo possib le shelterswithwhichto prote ctfrom the a d versitiesof life:1) the

locus amoenus (ple asantpla ce ),where to retire with friend sin ord erto forg etworld ly

worries,and 2) poetryitself,which isthe onlyprote ction form en from the tyrannyof

tim e a nd ob livion.Hora ce constantly d evelopsb oth these topicsin hisCarmina a nd

M a g norevitalisesthem in hiscom positions.

The use of the Latin poetb ythe Ita lian one isalm ostunique a nd worthto b e stud ie d asa

rem arka b le exa m ple of how e arly-m od ern authorsuse d Classica lpoetsto revitalise

d ifferentliterarytra d itions.

Rocco Di Dio (University of Warwick), Reading, Excerpting and Reusing Latin and

Classical Texts: Marsilio Ficino and His Notebooks

The aim of thispaperisto explore a nd focuson som e m a nuscriptsprod uce d b yM arsilio

Ficino,the Renaissance scholarwho waslarg elyresponsib le forthe revivalof Platonism

in westernEurope.

Ficino’sm anuscriptsare evid ence of a com m on pra ctice a m ong Renaissance scholars:

whilstre a d ing a ncienttexts,hum anistssele cte d a nd transcrib e d passa g esof spe cia l

interestin note b ooks.These intense close re a d ing sresulte d in the cre ation of the so-

ca lle d zibaldoni,repertoiresof textsthatcom pilerscould re ca lla nd reuse,ata latersta g e,

in theirscholarlya ctivity.Suchm anuscriptsare the resultof two im pulses:the form eris

preservative a nd le a d sscholarstosele ct,g ather,and org a nise classica ltexts;the latteris

cre ative:ind e e d ,the textualm ateria ltranscrib e d in these m a nuscripts,re d uce d to b rie f

exceprtsand som etim esassem b le d in sequenceswhich are d ifferentfrom the orig ina l

text,representsthe b asisof theirwriting new works.Throug ha processof re d uction and

rework,form ula e,im a g es,patternsof arg um entand m od e lsem ploye d b ythe e arlier

tra d ition a cquire a new m e a ning asthey g etsele cte d a nd d isplaye d into the textual

repertoire a nd then g etinte g rate d intothe new work.

Ficino’santholog ies,astextualb asisforthe com position of hisLatin com m entariesand

philosophica ltre atises,representa pre ciousa ccesskeytothe hum anist’sscriptorium a nd ,

m ore g enerally,provid e im portantinform ation on a verycom m on m ethod olog yin e arly

m od ern culture.Asa resultof thisprocess,passa g esa nd excerpts,suchasthe tessera e of

a m osaic,g otassem b le d a nd c a m e to constitute a new orig ina ltext.

9

Dr. John T. Gilmore (University of Warwick), Approaches to modern Latin poetry:

Translating the Abbé Massieu’s Caffaeum, Carmen

Firstpub lishe d in 1738,b utperhapswritten ase arlyasthe 1690s,the Caffaeum, Carmen

of Guillaum e M assieu (1665-1722) isa witty and entertaining Latin poem a b outthe

orig insand b ene fitsof coffe e-d rinking .Apparentlythe m ostsuccessfulof a num b erof

late sevente enth-and e arly eig hte enth-centuryLatin poem scele b rating the virtuesof

exotic d rinks,itwasreprinte d in whole orin parton a num b erof occasionsinto the late

ninete enth century.W hile itd id notorig inate the story,itse em s to have b e en

responsib le for popularising the a etiolog ica l m yth of the Ara b g oatherd whose

ob servationsof the unusually frisky b ehaviourof hisflock a fterthey ha d consum e d

som e strang e b erriesle d tothe d iscoveryof the propertiesof coffe e.

W hile M assieu’spoem isa g ood exa m ple of itsg enre,fora m od ern rese archerthe

question inevita b ly arisesof how one c a n b estconvey itsattra ctionsto Ang lophone

re a d erswho m aywellfe elthatthe appe a lof d id a ctic poetryin Latin issom ething they

ca n e asilyresist.Thispaperwillarg ue thatthose of uswho are intereste d in m od ern

Latin ne e d to convince those who ca nnotre a d Latin of itsim portance,and thatthis

m e a nsprovid ing translations.M assieu’spoem ,existing translations,and the writer’s

experience of cre ating a new translation willb e use d to provid e a c ase stud y in the

issuessurround ing the translation of m od ern Latin poetry,and arg ue forthe via b ilityof

verse translations.

Linda Grant (Birkbeck College), Imitatio, intertextuality and reception: re-writing

classical Latin love elegy in sixteenth-century England

Imitatio,aswe a llknow,wasa fund a m entalpoetic praxisin the Renaissance.But,too

often,itisre a d b y m od ern scholarseitherasa passive,d erivative a nd m e cha nica l

process(e.g .listsof ‘a llusions’in the footnotesto scholarly e d itionsof e arly m od ern

texts),orin an overly line arform (e.g .Shakespe are’suse of Ovid ,Spenser’suse of

Virg il) which fa ilsto take a c countof the way classica ltextsare m e d iate d into the

Renaissance period via a whole hostof othertextsand re a d ing s.

Thispapersug g eststhatRenaissance imitatio was a far m ore d yna m ic,rich and

sophisticate d pra ctice,and thatitd raws on the way classica l Latin textssituate

them selvesa g a instpriorGre ek a nd otherRom an m od e ls(e.g .the textualintera ctions

b etwe en Ovid ,Virg iland Hom er) so thatLatin textsprovid e notjusta b od yof content

to b e re-worke d a nd renewe d ,b utservesitself asa para d ig m of imitatio.

Drawing on m od ern theory,thispaperre a d sRenaissance imitatio asa form of b oth

intertextuality (Frow 1990,Hind s 1998,Ed m und s 2001) a nd classica l re ception

(M artind a le 1993,2006,2013,Hard ie 2013),b othterm swhichcapture the conting entand

a ctive nature of imitatio inthe cre ation of poetry.