using k2 to find free-floating planets now with more microlensing! calen b. henderson (jpl npp...

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Using K2 To Find Free- floating Planets Now with more microlensing! Calen B. Henderson (JPL NPP Fellow) K2C9 Microlensing Science Team Member K2 Science Conference Tu, 3/Nov/2015 Credit: NASA

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Page 1: Using K2 To Find Free-floating Planets Now with more microlensing! Calen B. Henderson (JPL NPP Fellow) K2C9 Microlensing Science Team Member K2 Science

Using K2 To Find Free-floating PlanetsNow with more microlensing!

Calen B. Henderson (JPL NPP Fellow)K2C9 Microlensing Science Team Member

K2 Science ConferenceTu, 3/Nov/2015

Credit: NASA

Page 2: Using K2 To Find Free-floating Planets Now with more microlensing! Calen B. Henderson (JPL NPP Fellow) K2C9 Microlensing Science Team Member K2 Science

Exoplanet Demographics

Adapted from:Spergel+ (2015) arXiv:1503.03757

Page 3: Using K2 To Find Free-floating Planets Now with more microlensing! Calen B. Henderson (JPL NPP Fellow) K2C9 Microlensing Science Team Member K2 Science

Single Object Lensing Light Curve[Free-floating Planet (FFP) Candidate]

Sumi+ (2011) Nature, 473, 349

Page 4: Using K2 To Find Free-floating Planets Now with more microlensing! Calen B. Henderson (JPL NPP Fellow) K2C9 Microlensing Science Team Member K2 Science

Single Object Lensing Light Curve[Free-floating Planet (FFP) Candidate]

Sumi+ (2011) Nature, 473, 349

tE

Page 5: Using K2 To Find Free-floating Planets Now with more microlensing! Calen B. Henderson (JPL NPP Fellow) K2C9 Microlensing Science Team Member K2 Science

Sumi+ (2011) Nature, 473, 349

Putative FFP Population

Page 6: Using K2 To Find Free-floating Planets Now with more microlensing! Calen B. Henderson (JPL NPP Fellow) K2C9 Microlensing Science Team Member K2 Science

Putative FFP Population

~700 MEarth

per star!!

Sumi+ (2011) Nature, 473, 349

Page 7: Using K2 To Find Free-floating Planets Now with more microlensing! Calen B. Henderson (JPL NPP Fellow) K2C9 Microlensing Science Team Member K2 Science

1: Bowler+ (2015) ApJS, 216, 7

Page 8: Using K2 To Find Free-floating Planets Now with more microlensing! Calen B. Henderson (JPL NPP Fellow) K2C9 Microlensing Science Team Member K2 Science

2: Clanton & Gaudi (2014) ApJ, 791, 91 // 3: Fressin+ (2013) ApJ, 766, 81

Page 9: Using K2 To Find Free-floating Planets Now with more microlensing! Calen B. Henderson (JPL NPP Fellow) K2C9 Microlensing Science Team Member K2 Science

4: Sumi+ (2011) Nature, 473, 349

Page 10: Using K2 To Find Free-floating Planets Now with more microlensing! Calen B. Henderson (JPL NPP Fellow) K2C9 Microlensing Science Team Member K2 Science

5: Pfyffer+ (2015) ApJ, 579, 37

Page 11: Using K2 To Find Free-floating Planets Now with more microlensing! Calen B. Henderson (JPL NPP Fellow) K2C9 Microlensing Science Team Member K2 Science

tE = f(Dl,Ml,vrel)

Sumi+ (2011) Nature, 473, 349

Not so Fast: From Short tE to FFP

Page 12: Using K2 To Find Free-floating Planets Now with more microlensing! Calen B. Henderson (JPL NPP Fellow) K2C9 Microlensing Science Team Member K2 Science

Yee+ (2015) ApJ, 802, 76

Satellite Parallax I: Spitzer

Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Credit: Krzysztof Ulaczyk

Page 13: Using K2 To Find Free-floating Planets Now with more microlensing! Calen B. Henderson (JPL NPP Fellow) K2C9 Microlensing Science Team Member K2 Science

Yee+ (2015) ApJ, 802, 76

Satellite Parallax I: Spitzer

Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

Credit: Krzysztof Ulaczyk

πE helps determine (Ml, Dl)

Page 14: Using K2 To Find Free-floating Planets Now with more microlensing! Calen B. Henderson (JPL NPP Fellow) K2C9 Microlensing Science Team Member K2 Science

Satellite Parallax II: K2 Campaign 9

7/April 1/July, 2016

~4 square-degrees

πE for ~few hundred events

Campaign Details

Page 15: Using K2 To Find Free-floating Planets Now with more microlensing! Calen B. Henderson (JPL NPP Fellow) K2C9 Microlensing Science Team Member K2 Science

Satellite Parallax II: K2 Campaign 9

Courtesy of Matthew Penny

Page 16: Using K2 To Find Free-floating Planets Now with more microlensing! Calen B. Henderson (JPL NPP Fellow) K2C9 Microlensing Science Team Member K2 Science

Batista+ (2014) ApJ, 780, 54

Vetting FFP Candidates in the NIR

Page 17: Using K2 To Find Free-floating Planets Now with more microlensing! Calen B. Henderson (JPL NPP Fellow) K2C9 Microlensing Science Team Member K2 Science

Batista+ (2014) ApJ, 780, 54

Vetting FFP Candidates in the NIR

Procedure Hs from ground-based

light curve data

Hl+s from AO follow-up

Arithmetic!

Search for excess flux

Page 18: Using K2 To Find Free-floating Planets Now with more microlensing! Calen B. Henderson (JPL NPP Fellow) K2C9 Microlensing Science Team Member K2 Science

CTIO 1.3m: ANDICAM

Credit: CBH

Page 19: Using K2 To Find Free-floating Planets Now with more microlensing! Calen B. Henderson (JPL NPP Fellow) K2C9 Microlensing Science Team Member K2 Science

CTIO 1.3m: ANDICAM

Credit: CBH

Keck: NIRC2

Credit: Ethan Tweedle Photography

Page 20: Using K2 To Find Free-floating Planets Now with more microlensing! Calen B. Henderson (JPL NPP Fellow) K2C9 Microlensing Science Team Member K2 Science

CTIO 1.3m: ANDICAM

Credit: CBH

Keck: NIRC2

Credit: Ethan Tweedle Photography

Courtesy of Matthew Penny

Page 21: Using K2 To Find Free-floating Planets Now with more microlensing! Calen B. Henderson (JPL NPP Fellow) K2C9 Microlensing Science Team Member K2 Science

Summary MOA survey discovery of excess of short-timescale microlensing events

FFP candidates!!

Tension between observation and theory Dominate mass budget of planet formation Not accounted for by dynamical ejection

K2C9 can measure masses and distances to FFP candidates!

NIR observations necessary:1) During event to get NIR source flux2) High-resolution follow-up, to search for possible host star

Page 22: Using K2 To Find Free-floating Planets Now with more microlensing! Calen B. Henderson (JPL NPP Fellow) K2C9 Microlensing Science Team Member K2 Science

Bonus Features

Page 23: Using K2 To Find Free-floating Planets Now with more microlensing! Calen B. Henderson (JPL NPP Fellow) K2C9 Microlensing Science Team Member K2 Science

Johnson+ (2010) PASP, 122, 905

Page 24: Using K2 To Find Free-floating Planets Now with more microlensing! Calen B. Henderson (JPL NPP Fellow) K2C9 Microlensing Science Team Member K2 Science

Clanton & Gaudi (2014) ApJ, 791, 91

Page 25: Using K2 To Find Free-floating Planets Now with more microlensing! Calen B. Henderson (JPL NPP Fellow) K2C9 Microlensing Science Team Member K2 Science

Bowler+ (2015) ApJS, 216, 7

Page 26: Using K2 To Find Free-floating Planets Now with more microlensing! Calen B. Henderson (JPL NPP Fellow) K2C9 Microlensing Science Team Member K2 Science

Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech