using hydraulic systems
DESCRIPTION
Interest Approach Have you ever used a floor jack or driven an automobile equipped with power brakes or power steering?TRANSCRIPT
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Lesson
Using Hydraulic Systems
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Interest Approach
Have you ever used a floor jack or driven an automobile equipped with power brakes or power steering?
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Student Learning Objectives Define hydraulics and explain its major
operating systems. Discuss the basic principles of
hydraulics. Describe the primary components of a
hydraulic system. Describe the advantages and
disadvantages of hydraulic systems.
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Terms
Connectors Cycle time Directional control
valve Energy Filter Flow rate
Hydraulic actuator Hydraulics Hydrodynamics Hydrostatics Law of
Conservation of Energy
Linear actuator
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Terms
Micron Multiplication of
force Pascal’s Law Piping Positive
displacement pump
Pressure gauge Pressure relief
valve Prime mover Pump Reservoir Rotary actuator Strainer
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Hydraulics
A branch of physics dealing with the mechanical properties and practical applications of fluids in motion.
Hydraulic systems do not create power.
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Hydraulics
They transfer power from an outside source. Prime mover – the outside source of
power.
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Hydrodynamics
The use of liquids at high flow and low pressure to perform work.
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Hydrostatics
Use of liquids at high pressure and low flow to perform work.
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Pascal’s Law
Pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted undiminished in all directions.
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Application of Pascal’s Law
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Multiplication of force
The hydraulic system takes a small input force and transforms it into a larger output force.
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Cycle time
The amount of time required for one complete set of operations to occur. Flow rate – the measure of how
many gallons per minute of hydraulic fluid would run into a container.
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Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy may be changed from one form to another, but it cannot either be created or destroyed. Energy – the capacity to do work.
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Components of a Hydraulic System
Reservoir – supplies oil to the hydraulic pump and stores oil that returns after passing through the hydraulic circuit. Strainer – directs the hydraulic oil in a
straight line through an element made of metal screens attached to a metal core.
Filter – directs hydraulic oil through one of more layers of a porous elements that may trap particles.
Micron – equal to 39 millionths of an inch.
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Primary Components of a Hydraulic System
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Components (continued)
Pump – causes hydraulic oil to flow through the circuit Positive displacement pump –
delivers the same volume of oil per cycle regardless of the pressure at the pump outlet.
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Components (continued)
Pressure gauge – measure and shows the pressure being produced in a hydraulic system.
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Abourdoin
tubepressure
gauge
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Components (continued)
Directional control valve – controls the operation of the system’s cylinder sand motors by direction the flow of the fluid in the system.
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Primary parts of a typical cylinder
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Components (continued)
Hydraulic actuator – converts fluid energy into mechanical energy. Linear actuator – the output of the
cylinder occurs in a straight-line manner.
Rotary actuator – produces a rotating output force.
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Components (continued)
Piping – fluid conducting lines that connect various components of a hydraulic system. Connectors – used to join one piece
of piping to another, or to hydraulic system components.
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Advantages of hydraulic systems
Increased flexibility Variable speed Multiplication of force Reduced wear Reversibility
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Disadvantages of hydraulic systems
High pressure Need for cleanliness Safety hazards
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Review / Summary What is hydraulics and what are its
major operating systems? What principles govern the use of
hydraulics? What are the primary components of a
hydraulic system? What are the advantages and
disadvantages associated with hydraulic systems?