Using Financial Records

Cash flow and Final Accounts

Every business needs to record…

- Cash Flow

- Profit

- Net Worth

Note:-cash going in -cash going out -and the cash left

for a given period, such as a month or a year

Cash Flow Records…

Cash in…

… (otherwise known as Receipts) can be anything from sales, to interest earned on savings, the return on an investment or cash from selling an asset, such as a car

Cash out…

… Can be anything from accounting and consultancy costs, to general bills, sales tax (GST) and drawings – the owner’s own wage

Final Accounts

Record…

-Profit

-Net Worth (the business’s value)

Final Accounts are made up of:

• A Trading, Profit and Loss Account

• A Balance Sheet

Trading, Profit and Loss Accounts

Show…

-Gross Profits (funds before sales costs)

-Net Profits (funds after sales costs)

Balance Sheets

Are split into two sections:

Net Worth – showing the value of assets after debts

Financed By – showing how the assets are paid for

Ratio Analysis…

…Is a method of analysing acompany’s performance andhealth

…Gives business owners easilyunderstandable results inpercentages or ratios

…Are used as Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to compare business health with previous years or other competitors

The Results…

Ratio Analysis primarily focuses on…

- Profitability

- Liquidity

- Efficiency

Profit Ratios…

...Provide percentage margins - the higher the percentage, the more profit/return on investment is being made

Liquidity Ratios…

…Provide real ratios calculated to analyse changes in the ability to pay debts

Two main liquidity ratios are the Current ratio and the Acid Test Ratio

Efficiency Ratios…

…Analyse how well a business uses its assets - the higher the ratio, the more efficient a company is