using computers in archaeology and theory

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A paper given at the Theoretical Archaeology Groups annual conference. The paper outlines the use of computers in archaeology and their theoretical implications.

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Page 1: Using computers in archaeology and theory
Page 2: Using computers in archaeology and theory

backgroundbackground

researching late medieval timber frame buildings (1180-1530)

concerned with jointing and structural techniques

using scientific dating - dendrochronology

recalibrating old chrono-typologies

challenging the theory of teleological progression

Page 3: Using computers in archaeology and theory

utilising digital technologiesutilising digital technologies

collect, collate, manage, query and ultimately disseminate dataultimately disseminate data relevant to the study of timber joints. Such technologies include:

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Global Positioning Systems (GPS) Database Management Systems (DBMS) 3D modelling online backups

Page 4: Using computers in archaeology and theory

hampshirehampshire

imaging space through cartesian mathematics has great value for geodatabases and spatial data

108 dendro-dated properties

Page 5: Using computers in archaeology and theory

spatial queriesspatial queries

change and add layers of content

display queries created in access visually and spatially

Page 6: Using computers in archaeology and theory

buildings with the gothic arch buildings with the gothic arch prior to westminster palaceprior to westminster palace

Page 7: Using computers in archaeology and theory

science vs. theory vs. science vs. theory vs. sciencescience

knowledge is data yet “data are different from knowledge” (Curtis 2005, 19)

data are truths and beliefs

datatruths beliefs

Page 8: Using computers in archaeology and theory

science vs. theory vs. science vs. theory vs. sciencescience the management of the data exists outside

both science and theory, it is the application that can inform both

“let the data speak; see what it has to say” (J Schofield 1999)

neutral philosophical ontology vs. computing ontologies

“we become what we behold that we shape our tools and thereafter our tools shape us” (M McLuhan 1964, xi-xii)

what we create in digital form becomes encoded in our culture and vice versa

Page 9: Using computers in archaeology and theory
Page 10: Using computers in archaeology and theory

visualising datavisualising data

“seeing is forgetting the name of the thing one sees” Paul Valéry (1871-1945)

“data graphics visually display measured

quantities by means of the combined use of points, lines, a coordinate system, numbers, symbols, words, shading and colour” (Tufte 2001, 9)

Page 11: Using computers in archaeology and theory

visualising datavisualising data

10101010100101010101010101000001010101101100110110101010100011010101010101011010101010101010101010011010111010111100000000000011

Is this the face on Mars? Or is this ?

(NASA, 1976 + 2001)

Page 12: Using computers in archaeology and theory

visualising datavisualising data

Tufte argues that “a graphic does not distort if the visual representation of the data is consistent with the numerical representations” (Tufte 2001, 55)

we depict ‘time’ and ‘space’ as cartesian coordinates that portray a false ‘boundedness’ in a virtual world devoid of culture

“it is a looking glass into a mathematical wonderland” (Sutherland 1965, 506)

Page 13: Using computers in archaeology and theory

piero della francesca fl.1455-60

an example of the application of cartesian geometry to the depiction of space and linear perspection in art, showing the authenticity debate is nothing new

the flagellation of christthe flagellation of christ

Page 14: Using computers in archaeology and theory

re-present not represent

in wishing to remain outside the issue of a ‘sense of place’ I have chosen to re-present the joints devoid of a virtual context

In virtual space, using 3d studio max, I can use real measurements

Page 15: Using computers in archaeology and theory

What is 3d?What is 3d?

is this 3d or is this?

Page 16: Using computers in archaeology and theory

What is 3d?What is 3d?

it is notnot being bounded by 2d space

it is notnot the ability to be imaged in one of many planes

is it then the ability to interact with and manipulate the viewing angle?

If it is, then does it not then become 4d?

Page 17: Using computers in archaeology and theory

what is 3d?what is 3d?

Adobe Acrobat Document

photosynth

showcasing adobe 3d and microsoft photosynth

Page 18: Using computers in archaeology and theory

disseminationdissemination

online website and ADS archive

mobile phones with internet connection, and/or, data cards

portable media devices

Page 19: Using computers in archaeology and theory

Field usesField uses

other researchers

conservation officers

construction industry

building owners

Page 20: Using computers in archaeology and theory

what have i learnt?

that the phrase ‘digital technologies’ is not enough – it’s ‘emerging digital ‘emerging digital technologies’technologies’

you have to plan for the future

nobody wants to share

backupbackup then backupbackup again!

Page 21: Using computers in archaeology and theory
Page 22: Using computers in archaeology and theory

Supervised by Prof. Tom Beaumont James, Dr Keith Wilkinson, Dr Amanda Richardson and Mr Edward Roberts