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What is citizen science (CS)? Involving untrained members of the public in research. PROS: Large amounts of data collected over vast areas & :me scales, cost-effec:ve CONS: Over-es:ma:ng abundance & diversity, incorrect ID, recording effort is difficult, how can we train the crowd to collect good quality data? What is Photo ID (PID)? A cost-effec:ve, non-invasive monitoring technique that can be used by people with liFle training. A series of photos can reveal residency paFerns, seasonal abundances, popula:on structure, nes:ng intervals, etc. Methods Photos of both sides of a turtle’s face collected from biologists & tourists. Turtles ID’d by eye only. Photos quality checked & capture histories for selected reefs created & analyzed using open & closed popula:on models in R (Rcapture package). Capture occasions = 1 month. Conclusions • The Maldives is an ideal place to involve tourists in PID, as shown by Coco Collec:on Resorts • A CS PID program can monitor turtle popula:ons with minimal :me & resource investment –fill gaps in scien:fic knowledge & increase value of species studied • Opportuni:es for educa:on & outreach à powerful awareness tool! • Ability to survey remote areas, long-term consistent dataset that would otherwise be difficult • Key to success is a network of engaged ci:zen scien:sts & developing a personal connec:on between them & animals studied Using citizen science to monitor sea turtle populations in real-time around two Maldivian islands Jillian Hudgins, The Olive Ridley Project, [email protected] & Chiara Fumagalli, Coco Collection Resorts (former address), [email protected] Acknowledgements: Thanks to all photo submitters. Acknowledgments to E. Hudgins for her assistance using R,, the Marine Research Centre & Coco Collection Resorts. Case study ² Program has collected over 10,000 of sigh:ngs from 17 atolls, >300 unique submiFers ² 1,651 E.imbricata, 281 C.mydas,& 22 L.olivacea iden:fied ² 2 resorts chosen for case study (Coco Palm Dhuni Kolhu & Coco Bodu Hithi) ² Par:cipants since 2013 & high guest involvement = consistent dataset ² Observe trends, document popula:on change Determining nesting interval A series of photos has iden:fied the same green turtle returning to nest 5 :mes on Baa Dhuni Kolhu. From photos, nes:ng interval was determined to be 15.25±2.66 days. This is the first determina:on of green turtle nes:ng interval in Maldives. Fig. 5. GR362 photographed nes?ng 5 ?mes in the same season. Photos © Chiara Fumagalli. Fig. 3. The Maldives is made up of ~1,200 islands in 26 atolls. Determining size at maturity A hawksbill turtle was photographed over 3 years as it matured. At 60 cm SCL, it had a small tail, at 62 cm, it had a more no:ceable tail. This has helped us narrow down size at maturity, now assumed to be >60 cm for male hawksbills in the Maldives. July 2013 October 2014 January 2016 September 2015 Fig. 6. HK307 photographed over 3 years. <60 cm SCL in leO photo & small tail, 62 cm SCL in right photo & larger tail. Photos © Chiara Fumagalli. © Chiara Fumagalli © Jasmin Pape Fig. 1. Turtles have a unique paRern of facial scutes. L & R sides are asymmetrical. Area used for ID based on Jean et al. (2010) Why the Maldives? • No baseline dataset, liFle data sharing, logis:cally difficult • Millions of tourists visit to view marine wildlife, many with cameras • Poten:al large volunteer workforce… • Put the tourists to work! Population change over time Fig. 7. Varia?on in resident turtle popula?ons at 6 sites over 3 or 6 month intervals. Based on results from Rcapture open popula?on models. There does not appear to be any seasonal varia?on. Results Fig. 2. Plo[ng cumula?ve number of hawksbill turtles versus sampling occasion (1 month) creates discovery curves. Curve flaRens when the current pop. has been photographed & increases when new turtles are photographed (2013-2016 data). © Lauren Arthur Resort / Atoll Photographed Turtles PopulaOon esOmate [from RCapture] Avg. SCL Hawksbill Avg. SCL Green Coco Palm Dhuni Kolhu (Baa) 70 Hawksbill 21 Green 5 Olive Ridley DKHR: 30.3 +/- 1.8 Muthaafushi: 42.3 +/-3.4 Kiufengali: 6.6 +/- 1.0 44.9±8.6 cm 61.3±20.2 cm Coco Bodu Hithi (North Male) 94 Hawksbill 4 Green BHHR: 34.2 +/-1.2 BHTP: 42.1 +/- 1.6 BH Thila: 27.9 +/- 5.8 43.6±6.8 67.8±25.1 Table 1. Number & size of turtles photographed at Coco Bodu Hithi & Coco Palm Dhuni Kolhu resorts by guests and staff (2013-2016). Fig. 4. Age & sex distribu?on from sigh?ngs (2 case study resorts combined). February 2016 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 CumulaOve number of turtles photographed BH House Reef BH Turtle Point BH Thila Dhuni Kolhu Muthaafushi Kiufengali

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Page 1: Using citizen science to monitor sea turtle populations in ... · Case study ² Program has collected over 10,000 of sighngs from 17 atolls, >300 unique submiers ² 1,651 E.imbricata,

What is citizen science (CS)? Involvinguntrainedmembersofthepublicinresearch.PROS:Largeamountsofdatacollectedovervastareas&:mescales,cost-effec:veCONS:Over-es:ma:ngabundance&diversity,incorrectID,recordingeffortisdifficult,howcanwetrainthecrowdtocollectgoodqualitydata?

What is Photo ID (PID)? Acost-effec:ve,non-invasivemonitoringtechniquethatcanbeusedbypeoplewithliFletraining.AseriesofphotoscanrevealresidencypaFerns,seasonalabundances,popula:onstructure,nes:ngintervals,etc.

Methods

Photosofbothsidesofaturtle’sfacecollectedfrombiologists&tourists.TurtlesID’dbyeyeonly.Photosqualitychecked&capturehistoriesforselectedreefscreated&analyzedusingopen&closedpopula:onmodelsinR(Rcapturepackage).Captureoccasions=1month.

Conclusions

•  TheMaldivesisanidealplacetoinvolvetouristsinPID,asshownbyCocoCollec:onResorts

•  ACSPIDprogramcanmonitorturtlepopula:onswithminimal:me&resourceinvestment–fillgapsinscien:ficknowledge&increasevalueofspeciesstudied

•  Opportuni:esforeduca:on&outreachàpowerfulawarenesstool!

•  Abilitytosurveyremoteareas,long-termconsistentdatasetthatwouldotherwisebedifficult

•  Keytosuccessisanetworkofengagedci:zenscien:sts&developingapersonalconnec:onbetweenthem&animalsstudied

Using citizen science to monitor sea turtle populations in real-time around two Maldivian islands

Jillian Hudgins, The Olive Ridley Project, [email protected] & Chiara Fumagalli, Coco Collection Resorts (former address), [email protected]

Acknowledgements: Thanks to all photo submitters. Acknowledgments to E. Hudgins for her assistance using R,, the Marine Research Centre & Coco Collection Resorts.

Case study

² Programhascollectedover10,000ofsigh:ngsfrom17atolls,>300uniquesubmiFers

² 1,651E.imbricata,281C.mydas,&22L.olivaceaiden:fied

² 2resortschosenforcasestudy(CocoPalmDhuniKolhu&CocoBoduHithi)

² Par:cipantssince2013&highguestinvolvement=consistentdataset

² Observetrends,documentpopula:onchange

Determining nesting interval

Aseriesofphotoshasiden:fiedthesamegreenturtlereturningtonest5:mesonBaaDhuniKolhu.Fromphotos,nes:ngintervalwasdeterminedtobe15.25±2.66days.Thisisthefirstdetermina:onofgreenturtlenes:ngintervalinMaldives.

Fig.5.GR362photographednes?ng5?mesinthesameseason.Photos©ChiaraFumagalli.

Fig.3.TheMaldivesismadeupof~1,200islandsin26atolls.

Determining size at maturity

Ahawksbillturtlewasphotographedover3yearsasitmatured.At60cmSCL,ithadasmalltail,at62cm,ithadamoreno:ceabletail.Thishashelpedusnarrowdownsizeatmaturity,nowassumedtobe>60cmformalehawksbillsintheMaldives.

July2013 October2014 January2016September2015

Fig.6.HK307photographedover3years.<60cmSCLinleOphoto&smalltail,62cmSCLinrightphoto&largertail.Photos©ChiaraFumagalli.

©ChiaraFumagalli ©JasminPape

Fig.1.TurtleshaveauniquepaRernoffacialscutes.L&Rsidesareasymmetrical.AreausedforIDbasedonJeanetal.(2010)

Why the Maldives?

•  Nobaselinedataset,liFledatasharing,logis:callydifficult

•  Millionsoftouristsvisittoviewmarinewildlife,manywithcameras

•  Poten:allargevolunteerworkforce…

•  Putthetouriststowork!

Population change over time

Fig.7.Varia?oninresidentturtlepopula?onsat6sitesover3or6monthintervals.BasedonresultsfromRcaptureopenpopula?onmodels.Theredoesnotappeartobeanyseasonalvaria?on.

Results

Fig.2.Plo[ngcumula?venumberofhawksbillturtlesversussamplingoccasion(1month)createsdiscoverycurves.CurveflaRenswhenthecurrentpop.hasbeenphotographed&increaseswhennewturtlesarephotographed(2013-2016data).

©LaurenArthur

Resort/Atoll PhotographedTurtles

PopulaOonesOmate[fromRCapture]

Avg.SCLHawksbill

Avg.SCLGreen

CocoPalmDhuniKolhu(Baa)

70Hawksbill21Green

5OliveRidley

DKHR:30.3+/-1.8Muthaafushi:42.3+/-3.4Kiufengali:6.6+/-1.0

44.9±8.6cm 61.3±20.2cm

CocoBoduHithi(NorthMale)

94Hawksbill4Green

BHHR:34.2+/-1.2BHTP:42.1+/-1.6

BHThila:27.9+/-5.843.6±6.8 67.8±25.1

Table1.Number&sizeofturtlesphotographedatCocoBoduHithi&CocoPalmDhuniKolhuresortsbyguestsandstaff(2013-2016).

Fig.4.Age&sexdistribu?onfromsigh?ngs(2casestudyresortscombined).

February2016

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47

CumulaO

venum

bero

fturtle

spho

tograp

hed

BHHouseReefBHTurtlePointBHThilaDhuniKolhuMuthaafushiKiufengali

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