using canine nomographs to better time puppy vaccinations · 2017. 1. 2. · we were introduced to...

UsingCanineNomographs

toBetterTime

PuppyVaccinations

of14 www.Avidog.com ©2017AvidogInternationalLLC

INTRODUCTION

Wewereintroducedtocaninenomographs15yearsagobyDr.RonaldSchultz

fromtheUniversityofWisconsin’sSchoolofVeterinaryMedicine.Sincethen,we

haveusedthemtotimeourpups’vaccinations.Thissimple,inexpensivetoolhas

enabledustoovercomethetwoconflictingpressuresthatdogbreedersface—

howdoweensureeverypuppyisfullysocializedduringitsfirst16weeksofage

whilekeepingthemsafefromdistemperandparvovirus?

Nomographshaveproventobetheanswerforusandthousandsofour

colleaguesandstudents.So,withthehelpofDr.LaurieattheSchultzLab,we

havewrittenthisebookforotherbreeders.Wehopeitwillbeusefultoyou!

Likeyou,wearesimplydogbreederssobesuretodiscussthisprocesswithyour

veterinarians!Feelfreetosharethisbookletwiththem.

Gayle, Marcy and Lise

http://www.Avidog.com


TableofContents

INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................2WHATARECANINENOMOGRAPHS?...........................................................................................................4USINGANOMOGRAPHFORYOURLITTER...................................................................................................5BLOODPREPARATIONPROCEDURESFORANOMOGRAPH.........................................................................8RESOURCES..................................................................................................................................................9NOMOGRAPHSUBMISSIONFORM..............................................................................................................9SAMPLENOMOGRAPHSUBMISSIONFORM..............................................................................................11SAMPLENOMOGRAPHREPORT(FINALFORPUPPY).................................................................................13

OurthankstotheSchultzLab,Dr.RonSchultzandDr.LaurieLarsonforproviding

thisinvaluableservicetodogbreedersandpuppyownersacrossNorthAmerica!!

Pleasevisitthelab’swebsiteformoreinformationanddetails.

https://www.vetmed.wisc.edu/lab/schultz/

https://www.vetmed.wisc.edu/lab/schultz/



WHATARECANINENOMOGRAPHS?

Nomographsaresimplebloodteststhatestimatetheamountofdistemperand

parvovirusantibodiespassedfromadamtoherpuppiesviahercolostrum,orfirst

milk.Nomographsareusefulforbreedersandpuppyownersbecausetheycan

helppredictwhenpups:

• arenolongerprotectedbymaternalantibodiesand

• willbeabletorespondtodistemperand/orparvovaccines.

Duringapuppy’sfirst12hoursoflife,itsintestinaltractallowsantibodiesin

colostrumtopassintothebloodstreamandthusstartprotectingitfromthe

diseasesthatitsmotherisprotectedfrom.Asthepuppygrowsup,maternal

antibodiesbreakdowninapproximatelytwo-week“halflives”untiltheyareno

longerpresentinthepup.

Whileapuppy’smaternalantibodiesarehigh,theyneutralizevirusessuchas

canineparvovirusandcaninedistempervirus.Thiskeepsthepupsafefromthese

potentiallyfataldiseases.However,thissameneutralizationalsoblocksvaccines

sothepuppywillnotabletobeimmunized.



Maternalantibodiesagainstdistemperandparvoareindependentofeachother;

abitchcanandusuallywillhavedifferentlevelsofprotectionagainstthese

diseases.Inourexperience,bitches’titerscanrangefromaslowas4andashigh

as5280.Theselevelsmeanapup’smaternalantibodiescandisappearasearlyas

afewdaysafterbirthtoaslateas18weeksofage!Withtheselastpups,ifwe

hadstoppedvaccinatingthemat16weeks,asiscommonlydone,thepupswould

nothavebeenprotected!

Infact,maternalantibodyinterferenceisoneofthemostcommoncausesof

vaccinefailureinpuppies!Weusuallygivepupsmultipledosesofvaccineevery

twotothreeweeksduringpuppyhoodbecausewedon’tknowtheirmaternal

antibodytiters.So,wedon’tknowwhenavaccinewillbeeffective.Nomograph

testinghelpsusunderstandthebesttimingofvaccinationtoensurealitterwillbe

effectivelyimmunizedwiththefewestvaccinesasearlyaspossibleintheirlife.

Wecanmeasuretheantibodiesthatabitchhastopassontoherpuppiesusing

antibodytiters,asimplebloodtest.IfthattestisdoneattheSchultzLaboratory

attheUniversityofWisconsinVeterinarySchool,anomographcanthenberunon

thoseresults,allowingustopredicttheoptimaltimetovaccinateherpuppies.

USINGANOMOGRAPHFORYOURLITTER

Touseanomographtobettertimeyourlitter’sdistemperandparvovaccinations,

youwillneedtoshipserumfromyourbitchtotheSchultzlab.Theidealtimefor

theblooddrawiseithertwoweeksbeforeortwoweeksafterthepuppiesare

whelped.Youmayfinditmoreconvenienttodotheblooddrawwhenyourbitch

isatyourveterinarian’sforprogesteronetestingorapregnancyultrasound.

Similarly,bitchesthatarebredmorethanonceayeardonothavetohavea

secondnomographthatyear.However,thefurtherfromwhelpingthebloodis

drawn,themoreriskyoutakethatyourbitchhascomeincontactwithdistemper

orparvoandmountedanimmuneresponsethatwon’tberevealedinhertiter.

You’llhavetodecidehowgreatthatriskisbasedonyourbitch’sactivitiesandthe

amountofparvoordistemperinyourarea.Personally,westickwithdrawing

bloodeithertwoweeksbeforeortwoweeksafterwhelping.

PrepareandshipthebloodaccordingtotheBloodPreparationProceduresinthe

nextsectionandtheNomographSubmissionFormonpage10.Followthe

examplesubmissionformonpage11.Itisparticularlyhelpfultothelabifyou

provideyourdam’svaccinationhistory.Ataminimum,filloutherdistemper

(CDV)andparvovirus(CPV-2)vaccinationhistory.



NomographReport.Inaboutaweek,youwillreceiveanemailreportfromthe

labsimilartotheoneonpage12.Thereportwillgiveyouyourbitch’sparvoand

distempertitersinthebox,andthenbelowthatistheprotectivestandardforthis

lab.Alittlefurtherdownthepagewillbethenomographinformationforthe

litter,indicatingtheageatwhichthepupscanbevaccinatedandforwhich

diseases.Onthesereports,Dindicatesadistempervaccine,Aindicationsan

adenovirus-2vaccine,andPindicatesaparvovirus-2vaccine.Thereportthen

goesontogivefurtherinformationaboutconfirmingthepups’immuneresponse.

Pups’“At-Risk”Period.Priortotherecommendedvaccinationdates,thepups

areatriskforgettingdistemperorparvoiftheycomeincontactwithit.Atthe

sametime,itiscriticalthatwefullysocializeanddevelopourpupspriorto16

weeksofage.Sobreedersmustpracticegoodbiosecuritywhilestillsocializing

puppiesduringtheweekspriortothevaccinations.Ifyouwanttoknowmore

abouthowtodothis,checkoutAvidog’sTransformationalPuppyRearingvideo

series(www.avidog.com/request-rbp-vod/).

SendReportstoNewHomes.Provideacopyofthenomographreportwitheach

pup’svaccinationrecordtoitsnewownerssotheycanprovidethemtotheir

veterinarianonthefirstvisit.Thisenablesthepup’svettotailorthepup’s

vaccinestoitsindividualneeds.

ConfirmingPups’ResponsestoVaccines.Everypup,nomatterwhatvaccination

protocolitreceives,shouldhaveaconfirmatorytiterdrawntoensurethatitis

protected.Wehavepersonallybredlittersthatcouldanddidnotrespondtothe

parvovaccineuntilafter17weeksofage.Iftheirownershadstoppedvaccinating

atthetypical16weeks,thosepupswouldhavebeenleftunprotectedagainst

parvo.Theywouldhavehadagoodchanceofcomingdownwiththediseasein

theirfirstyear,sincetheywerecompetitiondogsandthusoutandabout.

YouoryourownerscanusetheSchultzlabforyourpups’confirmatorytiters.

Usethesamesubmissionformandblooddrawinstructionsbutthistime,donot

checkthenomographblock.Attachacopyofthedam’snomographwiththe

submissionform.Youwillreceiveareportliketheoneonpage13.

Ifanownerdoesn’tdoaconfirmatorytiterafterthepuppyseries,thatpupshould

bevaccinatedagainstdistemper,parvoandadenoatayearofage,whenall

chanceofmaternalantibodiesisgone.

HighRiskConditions.Inhighrisksituations,suchaskennelsthathavehadparvo

outbreaks,youshouldtaketheadditionalstepofrunningatiteronatleastone

http://www.avidog.com/request-rbp-vod/



pupinalitterBEFOREvaccinationisbegun.Thenomographonthedamishelpful,

butapup’sactualantibodylevelprovidesevenbetterinformationinthisrisky

situation.

WhenNottoUseNomographs.Nomographsareusefultoolstohelpbreeders

predictwhenvaccinationscanbesuccessfulintheirpups.However,to

successfullyusenomographstoscheduleapuppy’sdistemperandparvovirus

vaccines,thatpuppymusthaveingestedcolostrumfromitsdamduringitsfirst

12hoursoflife.Ifforsomereasonthatdidnothappen,eitherduetoissueswith

thepuppyoritsmother,thenanomographcannotbeusedandthepuppyshould

bevaccinatedusingthemorestandardvaccinationprotocols,likethose

recommendedbytheWorldSmallAnimalVeterinaryAssociation,whichcanbe

foundatwww.wsava.org/guidelines/vaccination-guidelines.

http://www.wsava.org/guidelines/vaccination-guidelines



BLOODPREPARATIONPROCEDURESFORANOMOGRAPH

q Plantodrawyourbitch’sbloodtwoweekspriortoortwoweeksafterwhelping.Avoid

drawingbloodclosertowhelpingthanthesedatesbecausethebitch’sbodyiscreating

colostrumandthenomographwillbelessaccurate.Atthesametime,ifyoudrawher

bloodtoofarfromwhelping,youriskhercomingincontactwithdistemperorparvo

closertowhelping,whichwillchangetheantibodylevelsthepupsgetinhercolostrum.

q Shipyourbitch’sbloodtoarriveatthelabMondaythroughFriday.Drawingand

shippingbloodMonday,TuesdayorWednesdayisusuallybest.

q Collect1to3mlsofbloodfromyourbitchinasterile,redtoporserumseparatortube

andallowittoclot.

q Spindowntoseparatetheserum.Sendatleast½mlofserumforthetesting.

q Wrapthetubewiththeseruminpadding,suchaspapertowel,andplaceitinaplastic

zip-lockbag.

q Filloutthesubmissionform(seesampleform)andplaceitwitha$25checkmade

payabletotheUniversityofWisconsininaSECONDplasticzip-lockbag.(Pleasenote

thisfeeisexpectedtogoupatsomepointin2017,soyoumaywanttocallthelabto

ensureyousendtheproperamount.)

q Placebothplasticbagsinasturdyshippingcontainer,eitherapaddedenvelopeorbox.

Iftheambienttemperaturemightgoabove80°Fduringshipping,includeacoldpack

wrappedwithsomenewspapertokeepitfromcrushingtheserumvial.Freezing

temperaturesaren’taconcernwhenshippingseparatedserum.

q SendtheshippingcontainerviaUSPS2-dayPriorityMailtothisaddress.Overnight

shippingisnotnecessary.

Dr.R.D.SchultzLaboratory

4337SchoolofVeterinaryMedicine

2015LindenDriveWest

Madison,WI53706

(608) 263-4648

q ThelabusuallyrunstestsonFridaysandwillsendyouandyourvetareportviaemail

(seesamplereport)thatgivesyouthefollowing,usuallyaweekafterreceivingthe

bloodsample:

o yourbitch’squantitativetitersfordistemperandparvo,

o aninterpretationoftheseresultsforher,and

o recommendationsforwhichweekstovaccinateherpuppies.



RESOURCES

AmericanVeterinarySocietyofAnimalBehavior.2008.AVSABPositionStatementOnPuppySocialization.Availableatwww.avidog.com/wp-

content/uploads/2014/02/AVSAB-Position-on-Puppy-Socialization.pdf

BakerJA,RobsonDS,GillespieJH,BurgherJA,DoughtyMF.1959.Anomograph

thatpredictstheagetovaccinatepuppiesagainstdistemper.CornellVet.1959Jan;49(1):158–167.

RonaldDSchultzLab.2016.CanineNomograph–What is it? Availableatwww.vetmed.wisc.edu/lab/schultz/canine-nomograph-what-is-it/

WSAVAVaccinationGuidelinesGroup.2015.WorldSmallAnimalVeterinaryAssociation2015VaccinationGuidelinesforTheOwnersandBreedersofDogsandCats.Availableatwww.avidog.com/wp-

content/uploads/2016/12/WSAVA-Owner-Breeder-Guidelines-14-October-

2015-FINAL-1.pdf

http://www.avidog.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/AVSAB-Position-on-Puppy-Socialization.pdf



http://www.vetmed.wisc.edu/lab/schultz/canine-nomograph-what-is-it/

http://www.avidog.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/WSAVA-Owner-Breeder-Guidelines-14-October-2015-FINAL-1.pdf






NOMOGRAPHSUBMISSIONFORM

Owner name: ______________________________________________________________________________________

Address: _________________________________________________________________________________________

Owner’s email: ________________________________ Veterinarian’s email: _________________________________

*Serology results will be sent to the owner and the veterinarian.*Pet name: _________________________________ Age: ______________ Breed: ____________________________

Sex: Male � Male/Neutered � Female � Female/Spayed �

Date of last vaccination: ________________________ Is this sample for a NOMOGRAPH? Yes � No �

If known, please list brand(s)/manufacturer(s) of vaccine (e.g. Duramune, Boehringer Ingelheim, Fort Dodge; Vanguard,

Pfizer; Recombitek-Merial; Proguard, Contimuum, Galaxy, Intervet, Schering-Plough): __________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

Please list if/when your dog received the following:

Vaccine Type Yes No Date (if known)

Info. Not Available

Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) Canine Parvo Virus (CPV-2) Canine Adenovirus (CAV-2) 4-way injectable (CDV, CPV-2, CAV-1&2, CAV-2)5-way injectable (CDV, CPV-2, CAV-1&2, CAV-2, CpiV)Leptospira 2-way (canicola and icterohaemorrhagiae) Leptospira 4-way (canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae, grippotyphosa, pomona) Canine Corona Virus Rabies Canine Influenza Others Bordetella (kennel cough) If yes, please indicate if intranasal (IN) vaccine or injectable (IJ) vaccine. 2-way (Bordetella, CPiV)3-way (Bordetella, CPiV, CAV-2)

How many dogs live in this household? _________________________________________________________________

Does this dog board at a commercial kennel? Yes � No �

When was the last time it was at a kennel? (Please list date) _________________________________________________

Does this dog attend training courses, doggy daycare, etc.? Yes � No �

Please enclose a check made out to the University of Wisconsin for $25.00 to cover the cost of CDV and CPV-2 titers. Thank you for your help with our study!

Serum submissions become property of the Dr. R. D. Schultz Laboratory.

Dr. R.D. Schultz Laboratory 4337 School of Veterinary Medicine

2015 Linden Drive West Madison, WI 53706 (608) 263-4648

Canine Serum Submission Form



SAMPLENOMOGRAPHSUBMISSIONFORM



SAMPLENOMOGRAPHREPORT(DAM)

Ownername:GayleWatkins

Petname:“Glee”

Pleasefindbelowtheresultsoftheserologic(antibody)testforyourdog.

AnimalID CDVSN CPV-2HI

“Glee” 128 40

AnSNtiterforCDV>8andanHItiterforCPV-2>40areconsideredprotectivewhen:

1) Thedogis18weeksofageorolderAND

2) Thedogwasvaccinated2ormoreweekspriortothetimethebloodsamplewas

collected.

NomographforGlee’spuppies:

MonovalentCPV-2shouldbegivenat6-7weeksofage

FirstdoseofDAPshouldbegivenat9to10weeksofage

SeconddoseofDAPshouldbegivenat12-13weeksofage

Thisnomographisuniquetothisdamandisanestimateoftheageatwhichthematernal

antibodythatthismotherpassestoherpupswillbedissipatedandnolongercapableof

interferingwithpupvaccination.Thisestimateisbasedonherantibodytitersagainsteach

virus,CDVandCPV-2,whichdecreaseinroughly2weekhalf-livesinherpups.

Itisstronglyrecommendedtotitertestpupsatapproximately16weeks(atleasttwoweeks

aftertheoriginalpuppyshotserieshasbeencompleted)todeterminethattheyhave

responded.Werecommendthat,unlessanadversereactionhasbeenobserved,alldogsbe

givenDAPPcombovaccineatoneyearofage,andthennomorefrequentlythaneverythree

years.

Thereisasmallpercentageof“non-responder”dogsthatareunabletodevelopanantibodyresponseto

CPV-2(estimated1per1,000dogs)orCDV(estimated1per5,000dogs).Thesedogswillnotdevelop

detectableantibodyaftervaccination.Adogwillbeanon-respondertoonevirusortheother(butvery

rarelytoboth)andwillremainsusceptible,mostlikelyforlife.Whenthenon-responderdogisexposed

andinfectedwiththevirus,itwillverylikelygetdiseasedanddie.Non-responsivenessisgenetically

determined;thereforecertainbreedsorespeciallyfamiliesofdogswillhaveahighernumberofnon-

respondersthanwouldbefoundinthegeneralpopulationofdogs(estimatedabove).(Schultz,RDand

Larson,LJ,unpublisheddata.)



SAMPLENOMOGRAPHREPORT(FINALFORPUPPY)

23Nov15

Ownername:GayleWatkins

Petname:“Glee’syellowpuppy”

Pleasefindbelowtheresultsoftheserologic(antibody)testforyourdog(s).

AnimalID CDVSN CPV-2HI

“Yellow” 128 5120

CanineDistemperVirus(CDV)antibodytiter

Theantibodytiterwasdeterminedbytheserumneutralization(SN)test.

CanineParvovirusType2(CPV-2)antibodytiter

Theantibodytiterwasdeterminedbythehemagglutinationinhibition(HI)test.

AnSNtiterforCDV>8andanHItiterforCPV-2>40areconsideredprotectivewhen:

1) Thedogis18weeksofageorolderAND

2) Thedogwasvaccinated2ormoreweekspriortothetimethebloodsamplewas

collected.

Whatifthetiterislessthan8(SN)forCDVand/orlessthan40(HI)forCPV-2?

Revaccinationwitheitheramonovalentvaccine[specificforthevirus(e.g.CDV,CPV-2)

forwhichthereislowornoantibodytiter]oracombinationvaccine(e.g.CDV,CPV-2,CAV-2,

etc.)ishighlyrecommended!

Withregardtothetiter,averyhightiterdoesnotmeanthedogismoreimmunethantheone

withthelowtiter.IftheCDVantibodytiteris8indogAanditis1024indogB,bothdogsare

equallyimmunetoCDV.

Thereisasmallpercentageof“non-responder”dogsthatareunabletodevelopanantibodyresponseto

CPV-2(estimated1per1,000dogs)orCDV(estimated1per5,000dogs).Thesedogswillnotdevelop

detectableantibodyaftervaccination.Adogwillbeanon-respondertoonevirusortheother(butvery

rarelytoboth)andwillremainsusceptible,mostlikelyforlife.Whenthenon-responderdogisexposed

andinfectedwiththevirus,itwillverylikelygetdiseasedanddie.Non-responsivenessisgenetically

determined;thereforecertainbreedsorespeciallyfamiliesofdogswillhaveahighernumberofnon-

respondersthanwouldbefoundinthegeneralpopulationofdogs(estimatedabove).


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using canine nomographs to better time puppy vaccinations · 2017. 1. 2. · we were introduced to...

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