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Journal Dental School 2012; 30(2):136-142 Case Report Using a Silicone Core to Reduce the Weight of Maxillary Obturator Prosthesis Ali Hafez Qoran 1 , Soran Aminifar 2 *, Amin Rezaee Adli 3 , Hamed Abachizadeh 4 1 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz- Iran. * 2 Corresponding Author: Postgraduate Student, Dept. of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz- Iran. E-mail: [email protected] 3 Postgraduate Student, Dept. of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran- Iran. 4 Postgraduate Student, Dept. of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz- Iran. Abstract Objective: In prosthetic reconstruction of maxillectomy defects, the weight of prosthesis is usually high due to the extension of prosthesis base into the surgical defect. In order to reduce the weight, this area should be formed hollow. This study describes a modified technique for hollowing out the obturator bulb to reduce its weight. Case: Our patient was a 56 year-old man with a completely edentulous maxilla. Due to an anaplastic carcinoma involving the palate and right alveolar ridge, a large segment of hard and soft palate and the whole right alveolar ridge were resected. After the surgery, the patient was unable to masticate or swallow and was not satisfied with the speech. The suggested treatment plan included fabrication of a complete denture along with a palatal obturator for the maxilla and a removable partial denture for the mandible. Silicone core method was used on the master cast for fabrication of the hallow bulb obturator. Conclusion: Maxillary hollow bulb obturator prosthesis can greatly help in restoring functional capabilities of mastication, deglutition, and speech. Silicone core method on the master cast is a simplified approach for fabrication of the hallow bulb. This method helps to achieve a smooth surface in inner aspects of the bulb. Key words: Maxillectomy, Obturator prosthesis, Anaplastic carcinoma Please cite this article as follows: Hafez Qoran A, Aminifar S, Rezaee Adli A, Abachizadeh H. Using a silicone core to reduce the weight of maxillary obturator prosthesis. J Dent Sch 2012;30(2):136-142 Received: 19.09.2011 Final Revision: 21.04.2012 Accepted: 27.05.2012 Introduction: Hard palate, maxillary sinus and in some cases buccal mucosa or nasal cavity tumors require a type of surgical procedure called maxillectomy or maxillary resection (1). Maxillectomy defects can be classified as limited, partial, complete and radical based on their extensiveness (2). In all types of maxillectomy procedures the surgeon should try not to compromise the integrity of the hard palate. However, preserving the hard palate is more of an exception rather than a general rule. Invading the hard palate causes an anatomic defect that allows the oral cavity, maxillary sinus, nasal cavity and nasopharyngeal duct to become one compartment (1). More extensive maxillectomy procedures cause a hard palate defect along with soft tissue involvements that affect mastication, deglutition and speech mechanisms (2). Some advanced surgical modalities like preservation of the hard palate, use of skin flaps and elimination of the inferior concha have been suggested to achieve a smooth surface for placement of prosthesis. For prosthetic rehabilitation of small maxillectomy defects, usually the conventional prosthesis base extension would be sufficient without the need for extension into the defect; but for lesions involving more than one-third of maxilla usually

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Page 1: Using a Silicone Core to Reduce the Weight of Maxillary ...applications.emro.who.int/imemrf/J_Dent_Sch_Shahid_Beheshti_Med... · Using a Silicone Core to Reduce the Weight of Maxillary

Journal Dental School 2012; 30(2):136-142 Case Report  

Using a Silicone Core to Reduce the Weight of Maxillary Obturator Prosthesis

Ali Hafez Qoran1, Soran Aminifar 2*, Amin Rezaee Adli 3, Hamed Abachizadeh4

1Assistant Professor, Dept. of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz- Iran. *2Corresponding Author: Postgraduate Student, Dept. of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz- Iran. E-mail: [email protected] 3Postgraduate Student, Dept. of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran- Iran. 4Postgraduate Student, Dept. of Prosthodontics, Dental School, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz- Iran.

Abstract

Objective: In prosthetic reconstruction of maxillectomy defects, the weight of prosthesis is usually high due to the extension of prosthesis base into the surgical defect. In order to reduce the weight, this area should be formed hollow. This study describes a modified technique for hollowing out the obturator bulb to reduce its weight. Case: Our patient was a 56 year-old man with a completely edentulous maxilla. Due to an anaplastic carcinoma involving the palate and right alveolar ridge, a large segment of hard and soft palate and the whole right alveolar ridge were resected. After the surgery, the patient was unable to masticate or swallow and was not satisfied with the speech. The suggested treatment plan included fabrication of a complete denture along with a palatal obturator for the maxilla and a removable partial denture for the mandible. Silicone core method was used on the master cast for fabrication of the hallow bulb obturator. Conclusion: Maxillary hollow bulb obturator prosthesis can greatly help in restoring functional capabilities of mastication, deglutition, and speech. Silicone core method on the master cast is a simplified approach for fabrication of the hallow bulb. This method helps to achieve a smooth surface in inner aspects of the bulb. Key words: Maxillectomy, Obturator prosthesis, Anaplastic carcinoma Please cite this article as follows: Hafez Qoran A, Aminifar S, Rezaee Adli A, Abachizadeh H. Using a silicone core to reduce the weight of maxillary obturator prosthesis. J Dent Sch 2012;30(2):136-142

Received: 19.09.2011 Final Revision: 21.04.2012 Accepted: 27.05.2012

Introduction: Hard palate, maxillary sinus and in some cases buccal mucosa or nasal cavity tumors require a type of surgical procedure called maxillectomy or maxillary resection (1). Maxillectomy defects can be classified as limited, partial, complete and radical based on their extensiveness (2). In all types of maxillectomy procedures the surgeon should try not to compromise the integrity of the hard palate. However, preserving the hard palate is more of an exception rather than a general rule. Invading the hard palate causes an anatomic defect that allows the oral cavity, maxillary sinus, nasal cavity and

nasopharyngeal duct to become one compartment (1). More extensive maxillectomy procedures cause a hard palate defect along with soft tissue involvements that affect mastication, deglutition and speech mechanisms (2). Some advanced surgical modalities like preservation of the hard palate, use of skin flaps and elimination of the inferior concha have been suggested to achieve a smooth surface for placement of prosthesis. For prosthetic rehabilitation of small maxillectomy defects, usually the conventional prosthesis base extension would be sufficient without the need for extension into the defect; but for lesions involving more than one-third of maxilla usually

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the base of prosthesis should extend into the defect to achieve sufficient stability and support (3, 4). However, by extending the base of prosthesis into the defect, its weight will increase. To reduce the weight of the prosthesis, the bulb portion of the obturator is hallowed. Silicone core method on the master cast is a modified technique to hollow out the bulb portion of the obturator (4).

Anaplastic or undifferentiated sinonasal carcinoma is a rare, severely invasive cancer that is undifferentiated clinically and pathologically. Histogenesis of the lesion is unclear but some researchers believe that the cell origin of the lesion may be of olfactory epithelium. Its pathogenesis is not very well understood. However, tobacco consumption and Epstein-Barr virus may be associated with its development. Patients are mostly elderly men in their sixties. Rapid growth pattern and local invasion are of the characteristics of this disease. It usually involves some areas of the sinonasal tract including the nasal cavity, maxillary sinus and ethmoid sinuses. By rapid progression of the lesion, several sinonasal symptoms such as nasal obstruction or secretion, nasal bleeding, swelling and pain may develop. Radiographic evaluation with the help of CT scan and MRI is usually indicative of a large swollen mass along with bone destruction and invasion to the adjacent tissues. Treatment of this lesion is excision of the involved tissues until reaching a safe and intact margin. Adjuvant therapies like radiotherapy and chemotherapy are also indicated after surgery (5).

Case Report: Our patient was a 56 year-old man classified as a rational patient according to House classification (6). He mentioned no previous specific disease in his medical history. During the last 14 months, the patient had undergone resection

surgery for an anaplastic carcinoma involving the palate and right maxillary alveolar ridge. A large segment of his hard and soft palate and the whole right maxillary alveolar ridge had been resected. Immediately after surgery, the patient had undergone radiotherapy for 3 months. When taking a dental history, the patient mentioned extraction of all of his maxillary teeth during the last 3 years. In the frontal view of patient’s face, apparent asymmetry in the middle and lower one-third of the face was noted which was attributed to tissue contractions due to surgical scar. When examining the masticatory muscles and tempromandibular joint, severe mouth opening limitation-approximately 17 mm from the incisal edge of the mandibular incisors to the anterior segment of the intact alveolar ridge of maxilla- and deflection towards the surgical side during opening and towards the intact side when closing were observed. Intra-oral examinations revealed complete healing and repair of surrounding tissues and surgical margins with no inflammation or wound (Figure 1). Maxilla was completely edentulous and in the mandible some of the posterior teeth had been extracted. Inability to chew, swallow or speak was the patient’s chief complaints.

Figure 1-Extensive lesion involving the hard and soft palate and the whole right maxillary alveolar ridge

Treatment:

At first, primary impressions were made of the maxilla using a stock tray, red impression compound cake and alginate and mandible with a stock tray and alginate. Base plate and occlusal rims were fabricated and adjusted for the maxilla

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and diagnostic casts of the maxilla and mandible were mounted in centric relation with the help of facebow on a semi-adjustable Hanau articulator. Adjustment and reconstruction of the mandibular occlusal plane were performed after confirming the position of anterior teeth considering the tip of lower cuspid and two-third of retromolar pad (7). Various phases of fabrication of mandibular removable partial denture frame after rest seat preparation were done according to Kennedy Class III classification. In order to fabricate a special tray for maxillary obturator prosthesis with self-cure acrylic resin, first relief and block out of the duplicate primary cast were done. Since ZOE was going to be used for the intact side of the alveolar ridge, the non-surgical side of the cast was relieved for 0.5 mm. For the surgical side, ISO Functional compound along with light body condensation silicone was used. After complete block out of the undercuts, 2 layers of base plate wax-with approximate thickness of 3 mm- were used. Since 2 different impression materials were used for 2 sides of the tray, a finish line was specified on the tray to place a border between these 2 materials. To achieve sufficient stability of the tray when making impression, first borders of the non-surgical side were molded with green stick compound and an impression was made with ZOE. By doing so, a stable tray was fabricated for making impression from the surgical defect. The process of making impression from the surgical defect was started by incremental addition of ISO Functional compound. By adding each layer of compound, patient had to do head and deglutition movements. After using compound, light body condensation silicone wash was applied (Figure 2). The final impression was poured with dental stone type III to obtain the master cast. For patients who have undergone maxillectomy, heat-processed record base should be used for registration of the maxillomandibular jaw

relationship because due to the lack of some anatomic structures and abnormal healing, retention and stability of the bases made with self-cure acrylic resin greatly decrease (1).

Figure 2- Final impression of maxilla

Phases for the fabrication of heat-processed record base for the hallow bulb obturator are as follows:

1- At first, approximate outline of bulb opening on the tissue surface of the surgical defect was drawn on the cast with a black pencil (Figure 3)

Figure 3- Approximate outline of the bulb opening on the tissue surface of the surgical defect drawn by black pencil

2- Two layers of base plate wax were placed and formed on the surgical defect and its vertical walls except for the bulb opening outlined by black pencil. Extra thickness of the wax resulted in extra thickness of the prosthesis base at the surgical defect making it possible to trim the base in case of tissue changes.

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3- Three 5mm depth holes in 3 points away from one another were drilled through the bulb opening with a hand piece (Figure 4).

Figure 4- Two layers of base plate wax on the surgical defect and its vertical walls- except for the bulb opening- and drilling 3 holes in 3 points away from one another through the bulb opening

Three dental screw posts with 2 cm length (Swiss) were selected. After ensuring the stability and parallel insertion of metal screws in the holes, they were fixed in their respective locations using adhesives (Quickstar, China) (Figure 5).

Figure 5- Insertion of metal screw posts into the holes drilled in the master cast

Lab-Putty silicone material (Ormalab 75, Italy) without the activator was used for filling the hallow space inside the bulb up to 2 mm distance from the intact palatal surface. Required amount of putty was

provided, mixed with the activator and packed in the remaining area (Figure 6).

Figure 6- Silicone core on the master cast

4- After setting of the Lab-Putty, its upper surface along with the non-surgical side was covered with base plate wax to provide adequate thickness for the tissue surface of the palatal area of the prosthesis base (Figure7).

Figure 7- Final wax-up of the master cast for the fabrication of the maxillary heat-processed record base

5- The master cast of the maxilla was then flasked and packed in 100 psi pressure for an hour. The flask was placed in boiling water for 10 minutes to boil out the wax. After wax boil out and partial drying of the two halves of the flask and application of biofilm without changing the location of the silicone core (Figure 8), translucent heat-activated

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acrylic resin was added incrementally to the surgical defect and after application of each layer, the flask would be closed and packed. By doing so, acrylic resin would completely fill all the cavities created through dewaxing. After ensuring complete application of acrylic resin, the curing was performed (Figure9).

Figure 8- Position of silicone core after dewaxing

Figure 9- Heat-processed record base of the maxilla

After fabricating the heat-processed record base of the maxilla, pressure areas in the base were detected(using tissue conditioner for the surgical defect and pressure indicating paste for the non-surgical side) and relieved. Using base plate wax, occlusal rim was formed on the base plate. An important point to consider when adjusting the rim in such patients is the contraction of

the lip and chick at the surgical side which usually requires negative horizontal overlap or producing an edge to edge occlusion. This condition starts from midline and extends for posterior teeth. Also, due to the contraction and shortening of the upper lip, lip closure may be impaired when using the obturator denture. In order to resolve this issue, we can decrease the vertical dimension which per se may result in lip or tongue biting at the non-surgical side. The best solution for this problem is to change the buccolingual inclination of teeth (1). After assessing the lip and chick support and determining the VDO of patient and checking the functional plane, phonetics and esthetics, rim was adjusted and CR record was obtained. After selecting the acrylic teeth and mounting the casts in a semi-adjustable Hanau articulator, the acrylic teeth were placed. Maxillary full denture and mandibular partial denture were tried in and after making the necessary adjustments, the maxillary obturator denture and mandibular removable partial denture were flasked using heat-activated acrylic resin. Dentures’ occlusion was adjusted by laboratory remounting and dentures were inserted for the patient. Also, the patient was trained and provided with the instructions on oral hygiene and cleaning the maxillary obturator and mandibular removable partial denture. During follow up sessions, the patient expressed relative satisfaction with his mastication, deglutition, speech and appearance. The major complaint of patient was the lack of retention of the prosthesis which was improved by using denture adhesives.

Discussion:

Extensive oral defects following maxillectomy can be associated with complications like

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impaired speech, deglutition and mastication. Prosthetic rehabilitation usually provides satisfactory results. However, retention of such prosthetics is a major issue. Several methods like extension of denture base into the undercuts, use of implants and adhesives may improve the retention of prosthesis (8). Using dental implants is the best and most reliable method for this purpose. However, in our patient, use of implants was not indicated due to the lack of adequate bone, history of radiotherapy, high cost, and presence of natural teeth in the mandible and consequently increased destructive forces on the implants. Extension of denture base into the undercuts would result in a bulky heavy prosthesis and consequent reduced retention. Various methods have been suggested for reducing the weight of obturator through hallowing out the bulb. Use of a stone core inside the surgical defection the master cast is among the common methods. First, the external circumference of the bulb is waxed up with a few millimeters thickness and dental stone is poured through a hole made in the back of the master cast designed specifically for this purpose. By doing so, a stone core would be fabricated inside the bulb. Another method for the stone core is fabrication of the bulb space in the second phase of flasking and forming a stone core inside it. The main problem of using a stone core is the adhesion of stone to the acrylic resin. Separating the stone from the internal walls of the bulb is difficult and can cause an irregular surface which makes the hygiene control difficult especially when there is an opening in the upper surface of the bulb (1).

Method of a silicone core on the master cast is a modified technique for fabricating a hallow bulb. It has the advantages of better control over the extension of the upper part of the obturator, creating smoothed-surface internal walls inside the bulb- which is hard to polish- (9) and easier laboratory procedures. For the reported patient, hallow bulb design with a superior opening was used. Due to the smoothness of the internal walls of the bulb, adequate extension of the upper opening and small secretions from the surgical area we concluded that the patient was totally capable of maintaining oral hygiene. Therefore, we decided not to close the superior opening (10).

Conclusion: Maxillary hollow bulb obturator can significantly enhance mastication, deglutition and speech. An appropriate method for fabrication of the hollow bulb is the silicone core method on the master cast which helps to achieve a smooth surface in the internal walls of the bulb.

Acknowledgement: The authors would like to thank Mr. Reza Madadi, technician of the Prosthodontics Department of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, School of Dentistry.

References:

1. Taylor TD. Clinical maxillofacial prosthetics. 1st Ed. Carol stream, Quintessence Publishing Co, Inc.2000; Chap5:85-102.

2. Ortegon SM, Martin JW, Lewin JS. A hollow delayed surgical obturator for a bilateral subtotal maxillectomy patient: A clinical report. J Prosthet Dent 2008; 99:14-18.

3. Wieselmann –Penkner K, Arnetzl G, Mayer W, Bratschko R. Minimizing movement of an orbital prosthesis retanied by an obturator prosthesis . J Prosthet Dent 2004; 91:188-190.

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Journal Dental School 2012 142  

4. Okay DJ, Genden E, Buchbinder D, Urken M. Prosthodontic guidelines for surgical reconstruction of the maxilla: A classification system of defects. J Prosthet Dent 2001; 86:352-363.

5. Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM, Bouquet JE. Oral and Maxillofacial pathology.3rd Ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co. 2009; chap13;427-428.

6. Shifman A. A technique for the fabrication of the open obturator. J Prosthet Dent 1983; 50:384-385.

7. Zarb GA, Blonder CL. Prosthodontic treatment for edentulous patients . 12th Ed. St louis : The CV Mosby Co. 2004; Chap15:252-267

8. Zarb GA, Blonder CL. Prosthodontic treatment for edentulous patients . 12th Ed. St louis : The CV Mosby Co. 2004; Chap23:351-389

9. Brignoni R, Dominici JT. An intraoral extraoral combination prosthesis using an intermediate framework and magnets: a clinical report. J Prosthet Dent 2001; 85:7-11.

10. Zani D, Vieira DF. A comparative study of silicone as a separating medium for deuture processing . J Prosthet Dent 1979;42:386-391.

 

 

 

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135 -140 ،1391تابستان ، 2، شماره 30دوره مجله دانشكده دندانپزشكي دانشگاه علوم پزشكي شهيد بهشتي،

تبريز، دانشكدة دندانپزشكي، دانشگاه علوم پزشكي پروتزهاي دندانياستاديار گروه. تبريز، دانشكدة دندانپزشكي، دانشگاه علوم پزشكي پروتزهاي دندانيگروه دستيار تخصصي: نويسنده مسئول.

E-mail: [email protected] ي، دانشگاه علوم پزشكي شهيد بهشتيدستيار تخصصي گروه پروتزهاي دنداني، دانشكدة دندانپزشك . دستيار تخصصي گروه پروتزهاي دنداني، دانشكدة دندانپزشكي، دانشگاه علوم پزشكي تبريز .

استفاده از هسته سيليكوني براي كاهش وزن پروتز مسدودكننده فك باال زاده عباچيكتر حامد ، دكتر امين رضايي عدلي، دفر وران امينيدكتر س، علي حافظ قرآندكتر

چكيده

براي . شود وزن آن زياد مي پروتزي نقايص ناشي از ماگزيلكتومي، به علت گسترش بيس پروتز به درون ضايعه،در بازسازي :سابقه و هدفهاي تغيير يافته براي تو خالي فرم دادن هدف از اين گزارش توصيف يكي از روش. كاهش وزن، ناحيه سمت ضايعه بايد توخالي فرم داده شود

. باشد بالب پروتز مسدودكننده ميماه گذشته به علت ضايعه كارسينوماي آناپالستيك در ناحيه كام و 14دنداني كامل فك باال كه طي ساله، با بي 56بيمار مردي بود :رش موردگزا

پس از جراحي، بيمار . قسمت وسيعي از كام سخت و نرم و تمامي آلوئول سمت راست حذف شده بود، آلوئول سمت راست، طي جراحيطرح درمان پيشنهادي شامل ساخت يك پروتز كامل به همراه . كرد و بلع داشت و از نحوه تكلم خود اظهار نارضايتي ميناتواني در جويدن

ي كست اصلي جهت ساخت واز روش هسته سيليكوني برر. مسدودكننده كامي براي فك باال و يك پروتز پارسيل متحرك براي فك پايين بود . دبالب تو خالي مسدود كننده استفاده ش

روش . نمايند ميبهبود كارايي جويدن، بلع و تكلم بيمار كمك شاياني هپروتزهاي مسدودكننده فك باال همراه بالب تو خالي ب :گيري نتيجههاي داخلي بالب باشد كه به ايجاد سطحي صاف در ديواره مناسب جهت ساخت بالب تو خالي روش هسته سيليكوني بر روي كست اصلي مي

.كند كمك مي كارسينوماي آناپالستيك ،پروتز مسدودكننده ي،ماگزيلكتوم :كليد واژگان

7/3/1391 :تاريخ تأييد مقاله 2/2/1391: تاريخ اصالح نهايي 29/9/1390: تاريخ دريافت مقالهPlease cite this article as follows: Hafez Qoran A, Aminifar S, Rezaee Adli A, Abachizadeh H. Using a silicone core to reduce the weight of maxillary obturator prosthesis. J Dent Sch 2012;30(2):136-142

مقدمه

تومورهاي ناحيه كام سخت، سينوس ماگزيال و در برخي هايي هستند موارد مخاط باكال يا حفره بيني نيازمند جراحي

). 1( شوند كه ماگزيلكتومي يا رزكسيون ماگزيال ناميده ميتوان برحسب نواقص ناشي از جراحي ماگزيلكتومي را مي

كامل و وسعت درگيري تحت عناوين محدود، پارسيل،هاي البته درتمامي انواع جراحي). 2( راديكال طبقه بندي كرد

كام سخت ماگزيلكتومي سعي بر اين است كه به تماميت اي وارد نشود اگر چه حفظ كام سخت بيشتر يك لطمه

تجاوز به كام سخت نقايص . استثناست تا يك قاعده كليكند كه باعث ايجاد ارتباط بين حفره آناتوميكي ايجاد مي

دهان، سينوس ماگزيال، حفره بيني و مجراي نازوفارنكس جاد تر عالوه براي هاي وسيع در ماگزيلكتومي). 1( شود مي

افتد كه اتفاق مي نيزنقص در كام سخت، درگيري كام نرم

هاي جويدن، بلع و تكلم را بيشتر تحت تاثير قرار مكانيسمهايي مانند حفظ كام سخت، در جراحي پيشرفت). 2( دهد مي

هاي تحتاني هاي پوستي و حذف شاخك استفاده از فلپ سطحي مناسب برايآنها طريق تا از اند پيشنهاد شده

در بازسازي پروتزي نقايص . گرددپذيرش پروتز فراهم ماگزيلكتومي اگر نقص كوچك باشد، عموما گسترش بين

به گسترش پروتز يپروتز كافي خواهد بود بدون اينكه نيازبه داخل ضايعه باشد اما در ضايعاتي با گسترش بيش از يك سوم ماگزيال، معموال بيس پروتز بايد به داخل ضايعه

كافي را به دست آورد حمايتيابد تا ثبات و گسترشالبته با گسترش بيس پروتز به درون ضايعه، وزن ). 4و3(

شود كه براي كاهش وزن، ناحيه سمت ضايعه آن زياد ميهاي تغيير يافته يكي از روش. بايد توخالي فرم داده شود

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136/ هسته سيليكوني و كاهش وزن پروتز مسدودكننده

1391، تابستان 2، شماره 30دوره پزشكي شهيد بهشتي،مجله دانشكده دندانپزشكي دانشگاه علوم

براي توخالي فرم دادن پالپ پروتزهاي مسدودكننده، روش ). 4(وني بر روي كست اصلي است هسته سيليك

كارسينوماي آناپالستيك يا كارسينوماي تمايز نيافته سينونازال، سرطاني نادر، به شدت مهاجم و از نظر باليني و

هيستوژنز ضايعه مشخص . پاتولوژيك تمايز يافته استدارند كه منشاء سلولي مي برازنيست اما برخي از محققان ا. است اپي تليوم بويايي باشد ايجادكننده ضايعه ممكن

اما مصرف . پاتوژنز آن به خوبي شناخته شده نيستتوان با اين كارسينوما دخانيات و ويروس ابشتاين بار را مي

اين كارسينوما معموال در مردان بيشتر از . مرتبط دانستبيشتر در بيماران مسن با متوسط دهه ششم ،زنان بودهو گسترش موضعي از سرعت رشد باال. شود ديده مي

مجراي ازمعموال چند ناحيه . مشخصات اين بيماري استسينونازال شامل حفره بيني، سينوس ماگزيالري و

هاي اتموثيد را درگير مي نمايد و به دنبال افزايش سينوسسريع ضايعه، عالئم سينونازال متعددي شامل انسداد يا

بروز مي ترشح از بيني، خونريزي از بيني، تورم و درد انجام MRIيا CTبررسي راديوگرافيك به كمك . نمايد

گيرد كه معموال نشان دهنده يك توده بزرگ متورم ميهمراه با تخريب استخوان و تهاجم به ساختارهاي مجاور

هاي اشت كامل بافترددرمان اين ضايعه بصورت ب. استهاي از درمان. باشد درگير تا رسيدن به يك حاشيه سالم ميپس از جراحي نيزكمكي راديوتراپي يا شيمي درماني

).5( شود استفاده مي

:گزارش مورد

جز )House )6ساله كه طبق طبقه بندي 56بيمار مردي بود در سابقه پزشكي، بيماري . شد بيماران منطقي محسوب مي

ماه گذشته به علت 14طي بيمار .شده بودخاصي ذكر نآناپالستيك در ناحيه كام و آلوئول ضايعه كارسينوماي

قسمت ،سمت راست، تحت جراحي حذف تومور قرار گرفتهآلوئول سمت راست وسيعي از كام سخت و نرم و تمامي

از جراحي، درمان پسبالفاصله . طي جراحي حذف شده بودبيمار در . ماه انجام گرفته بود 3كمكي راديوتراپي به مدت هاي فك باال شيده شدن همه دندانتاريخچه دندانپزشكي به ك

در نماي فرونتال صورت . كرد سال گذشته اشاره مي 3طي مياني و تحتاني به علت 3/1بيمار، عدم قرينگي واضح در

انقباضات بافتي ناشي از ترميم ناحيه جراحي شده ديده

در معاينه عضالت جونده و مفصل گيجگاهي . شد ميميلي متر از 17حدود -محدوديت شديد در بازشدگي دهان

هاي فك پايين تا قسمت قدامي آلوئول لبه انسيزالي دنداندر حين بازشدگي به deflectionو - سمت سالم فك باال

. سمت ضايعه و در حين بستن به سمت سالم مشاهده شدهاي هاي اطراف و لبه در معاينات داخل دهاني ترميم بافتهاب يا زخمي مشاهده جراحي كامل شده بود و هيچ گونه الت

در فك پايين ،فك باال كامال بي دندان بوده. )1شكل( شد نميشكايت . هاي خلفي كشيده شده بودند برخي از دندان نيز

اصلي بيمار ناتواني در جويدن و بلع و نارضايتي از نحوه .تكلم خود بود

ضايعه وسيع در كام نرم و سخت و تمامي - 1 شكل آلوئول سمت راست

:درمان

به كمك تري پيش ساخته، - هاي اوليه فك باال در ابتدا قالببه كمك تري پيش – و فك پايين – استنس قرمز و آلژينات

زمايشي براي فك آبيس و ريم . گرفته شد – آلژينات ساختههاي تشخيصي فك باال و پايين به باال تنظيم شد و كستوي نيمه قابل در آرتيكوالتور هان CRكمك رابطه فيس بو و

اصول تنظيم و بازسازي پلن فك پايين . تنظيم مانت شدندهاي قدامي با در نظر گرفتن نوك پس از تاييد موقعيت دندان

مراحل مختلف ). 7( كانين و دو سوم رترو مولرپد انجام شدساخت فريم پروتز متحرك پارسيل فك پايين پس از آماده

ندي كندي انجام طبقه ب IIIسازي دهان، به صورت كالس . گرفت

براي ساخت تري اختصاصي پروتز مسدودكننده فك باال به وسيله آكريل سلف كيور، ابتدا ريليف و بلوك آوت كست

ZOEبه علت استفاده از . اوليه دوپليكيت شده انجام گرفتمتر در سمت سالم، ميزان ريليف ناحيه سالم كست نيم ميلي

ند ايزوفانكشنال همراه با بود و به علت استفاده از كامپااز حذف پسسيليكون تراكمي اليت بادي در سمت ضايعه،

با – هاي موجود، از دو اليه موم بيس پليت كامل آندركاتچون از دو ماده . استفاده شد – متر ميلي 3ضخامت تقريبي

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و همكاران حافظ قرآندكتر / 137

1391، تابستان 2، شماره 30دوره مجله دانشكده دندانپزشكي دانشگاه علوم پزشكي شهيد بهشتي،

شد براي قالبگيري متفاوت در دو سمت تري استفاده ميبر روي تري، فينيش اليني مشخص كردن مرز اين دو ناحيه،

براي ثبات كافي تري هنگام قالبگيري، ابتدا . تعبيه شدبا ماده ،بوردرهاي سمت سالم با كامپاند سبز مولد شده

با انجام اين مرحله، يك . قالبگيري انجام شد ZOEقالبگيري . تري با ثبات براي قالبگيري از حفره جراحي آماده شد

فه كردن اليه اليه كامپاند قالبگيري سمت جراحي با اضابا اضافه كردن هر اليه كامپاند، . ايزوفانكشنال شروع شد

پس از استفاده از . داد بيمار بايد حركات سر و بلع انجام ميكامپاند، از سيليكون تراكمي اليت بادي به عنوان واش

3و كست اصلي به وسيله استون نوع )2شكل ( استفاده شد .شداز قالب نهايي تهيه

قالب نهايي فك باال - 2 شكل

هاي براي بيماران ماگزيلكتومي شده بايد از ركورد بيس

پخته شده براي ثبت روابط فكي استفاده كرد چون به علت فقدان برخي ساختارها و ترميم غير عادي، گير و ثبات

مراحل ). 1(يابد ميهاي غيرپختني به شدت كاهش بيسساخته شدن بيس پختني پروتز مسدود كننده به همراه بالب

: شرح زير بودتو خالي به ابتدا حدود تقريبي پنجره بالب پروتز بر روي - 1

سطح بافتي ناحيه جراحي با مداد مشكي رسم شد ). 3شكل (

حدود تقريبي پنجره بالب پروتز بر روي سطح - 3 شكل

با مداد مشكي بافتي ناحيه جراحي رسم شده

دو اليه موم بيس پليت بر روي ناحيه جراحي شده - 2به جزقسمت پنجره - هاي عمودي آن و ديواره

قرار -بالب كه حدود آن با مداد مشخص شده بودضخامت اضافي موم باعث ضخامت . داده شد

بيشتر بيس پروتز در ناحيه جراحي مي شود كه را امكان زدن از بيس در صورت تغييرات بافتي

. نمايد فراهم مي

در سه نقطه دو از متر ميلي 5سه سوراخ به عمق - 3هم از ناحيه پنجره بالب به كمك هندپيس به

). 4شكل ( صورت موازي ايجاد شد

دو اليه موم بيس پليت بر روي ناحيه جراحي - 4 شكلبه جزء قسمت پنجره بالب - شده و ديواره هاي عمودي آن

و تعبيه سه سوراخ در سه نقطه دو از هم از ناحيه – پنجره بالب

Dental screw)(متر سانتي 2سه پين با طول

post,Swiss پس از اطمينان يافتن . ندانتخاب شدهاي فلزي در حفرات از با ثبات و موازي بودن پين

با استفاده از چسب ايجاد شده،)Quickstar,China( ي مربوطه ها ها در سوراخ پين

). 5شكل ( ثابت شدند

قرارگيري پينهاي فلزي در سوراخهاي تعبيه شده - 5 شكل

در كست اصلي

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138/ هسته سيليكوني و كاهش وزن پروتز مسدودكننده

1391، تابستان 2، شماره 30دوره پزشكي شهيد بهشتي،مجله دانشكده دندانپزشكي دانشگاه علوم

) Ormalab75,Italy( از سيليكون البراتواريبدون اكتيوتور براي پركردن حجم تو خالي بالب

پس . متري سطح كام سالم استفاده شد تا دو ميليپوتي، اختالط از به دست آوردن مقدار مورد نياز

شكل ( پوتي با اكتيوتيور انجام و در ناحيه پك شد6 .(

هسته سيليكوني بر روي كست اصلي - 6 شكل

از ست شدن پوتي البراتواري، سطح فوقاني پس -4آن به همراه ناحيه سالم با موم بيس پليت پوشانيده شد تا ضخامت كافي براي سطح بافتي

). 7شكل ( ناحيه كامي بيس پروتز فراهم شود

مدالژ نهايي كست اصلي جهت تهيه بيس - 7 شكل پختني فك باال

پس از . كست اصلي فك باال مفل گذاري شد -5

به مدت psi100پروسه پرس شدن مفل در فشار دقيقه جهت حذف موم 10يك ساعت، مفل به مدت

پس از حذف موم و . در آب جوش قرار داده شددن بيوفيلم، خشك شدن نسبي دو قسمت مفل و ز

، )8شكل ( ر موقعيت قطعه سيليكونييبدون تغي

پس از حذف موم موقعيت قطعه سيليكوني - 8شكل

آكريل شفاف پختني به صورت اليه اليه به ناحيه جراحي اضافه و پس از هر بار اضافه كردن آكريل مفل

به طور آكريل گرفت، تا تحت پرس قرار مي شده،بسته فضاهاي ايجاد شده ناشي از حذف موم را كامل تمام

پس از اطمينان يافتن از كامل بودن آكريل . پركند ). 9شكل( گذاري، پروسه پخت آكريل انجام شد

بيس پختني فك باال - 9 شكل

پس از آماده شدن بيس پختني فك باال، به كمك -و خمير فشار نما -قسمت جراحي شده - تيشوكانديشنرنواحي فشار در بيس شناسايي و ريليف – سمت سالم فك

به وسيله موم بيس پليت، ريم بر روي بيس آماده . ندشدمالحظه مهم در تنظيم ريم اينگونه بيماران، انقباض . شد

بافتي لب و گونه در ناحيه جراحي شده است كه معموال به دارد كه نياز ايجاد اورلپ افقي منفي يا اكلوژن نوك به نوك

. يابد ميهاي خلفي گسترش ز ميدالين تا دنداناين حالت اعالوه براين به دليل انقباض و كوتاه شدن لب باال، بستن

ها هنگام استفاده از دنچر مسدودكننده ممكن است دچار لب

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و همكاران حافظ قرآندكتر / 139

1391، تابستان 2، شماره 30دوره مجله دانشكده دندانپزشكي دانشگاه علوم پزشكي شهيد بهشتي،

توان ارتفاع عمودي را براي رفع اين مشكل مي. مشكل شودتواند منجر به گاز گرفتگي لب يا خود مياين كم كرد كه

براي حل اين مشكل، بهترين اقدام . ن در سمت سالم شودزباپس از . )1( باشد ها مي تغيير موقعيت باكولينگوالي دندان

بيمار و با در نظر VDOلب و گونه و تعيين حمايتارزيابي گرفتن مالحظات پلن فانكشنال، تكلم و زيبايي بيمار، تنظيم

خاب پس از انت .گرفته شد CRركورد ،ريم ايجاد شدهها در آرتيكوالتورهانوي هاي مصنوعي و مانت كست دندان

. هاي مصنوعي چيده شد نيمه قابل تنظيم، دنداندنچر فك باال و پروتز پارسيل فك پايين در دهان بيمار

پروسه مفل ،آزمايش شد و پس از انجام اصالحات الزمگذاري دنچر مسدودكننده فك باال و پروتز متحرك پارسيل

اكلوژن دنچرها با . گرفتفك پايين با آكريل پختني انجام در . ريمانت البراتوراي تنظيم و به بيمار تحويل داده شد

ضمن دستورات الزم در مورد نحوه استفاده و رعايت رسيل بهداشت پروتز مسدودكننده فك باال و پروتز پا

طي جلسات . متحرك فك پايين به بيمارآموزش داده شدپيگيري، بيمار رضايت نسبي از جويدن، بلع، تكلم و ظاهر

بيشترين شكايت بيمار از كم بودن ميزان .خود ابراز داشتگير پروتز بود كه با استفاده از چسب دنچر گير بهبود پيدا

. كرد

:بحث

هاي ماگزيلكلتومي نقايص وسيع دهاني ناشي از جراحيتوانند عوارضي مانند ناتواني در تكلم، بلع و جويدن را به مي

هاي پروتزي معموال نتايج بازسازي. همراه داشته باشندآورند ولي يكي از مسايل مهم رضايت بخشي را فراهم مي

هاي مختلفي روش. پروتزهاي مسدودكننده گير آنهاستاستفاده از ها، مانند گسترش دنچر به داخل آندركات

). 8( كنند ها و ادهزيو به ايجاد گير در پروتز كمك مي ايمپلنتكاربرد ايمپلنت بهترين و قابل اعتمادترين روش است اما در بيمار درمان شده در اين گزارش به علت عدم وجود استخوان كافي، سابقه راديوتراپي، هزينه باال و وجود

و در نتيجه افزايش - هاي طبيعي در فك پايين دنداناين گزينه درماني قابل انجام - ها نيروهاي مخرب بر ايمپلنت

. نبودها باعث حجيم شدن و گسترش دنچر به داخل آندركات

. افزايش وزن و در نهايت كاهش گير پروتز خواهد شد

هاي متعددي براي كاهش وزن پروتز مسدودكننده از روشيكي . پيشنهاد شده استطريق توخالي فرم دادن بالب پروتز

هاي رايج، استفاده از هسته گچي در داخل قسمت از روشبه اين ترتيب كه ابتدا محيط . جراحي شده كست اصلي است

گچ ،متر واكس آپ شده خارجي بالب به ضخامت چند ميلياز پشت كست اصلي كه براي آن سوراخي تعبيه شده است،

ر داخل بالب تهيه به اين ترتيب هسته گچي د .شد ريخته ميروش ديگر براي هسته گچي، تعبيه فضاي بالب . گرديد مي

. باشد در قسمت دوم مفل و ايجاد هسته گچي در آن ميمشكل اصلي استفاده از هسته گچي، چسبندگي گچ به آكريل

به همين دليل جدا كردن و تميز كردن گچ از سطح .باشد ميايجاد سطحي باعث، هاي داخلي بالب مشكل بوده ديواره

شود كه در صورت بازبودن قسمت فوقاني بالب، ناصاف مي ). 1( سازد ميدشوار رعايت بهداشت آن را

روش هسته سيليكوني بر روي كست اصلي روشي تغيير يافته براي ساخت بالب توخالي مي باشد كه از مزاياي آن مي توان به كنترل بهتر گسترش قسمت فوقاني مسدود

كه - هاي داخلي بالب د سطحي صاف در ديوارهايجا، كنندهتر بودن مراحل و راحت) 9( - پاليش آن سخت مي باشد

براي بيمار گزارش شده . مختلف البراتواري آن اشاره كردخالي به صورت بازبودن قسمت فوقاني واز طرح بالب ت

هاي داخلي بالب، به علت صاف بودن ديواره. استفاده شدوقاني و كم بودن ترشحات ناحيه گسترش كافي دريچه ف

كه كنترل بهداشت بالب براي بيمارگرفته شد نتيجه جراحيباشد، به همين علت دريچه فوقاني بالب به پذير مي امكان

). 10( صورت باز نگه داشته شد

:گيري نتيجه

پروتزهاي مسدودكننده فك باال همراه بالب توخالي كمك

بهبود كارايي جويدن، بلع و تكلم بيمار فراهم هشاياني بروش مناسب جهت ساخت بالب توخالي روش . آورند مي

باشد كه به ايجاد هسته سيليكوني بر روي كست اصلي مي . كند هاي داخلي با لب كمك مي سطحي صاف در ديواره

:تقدير و تشكر

بدين وسيله از همكاري آقاي رضا مددي ،تكنسين بخش

.شود تقدير و تشكر مي دانشكده دندانپزشكي تبريز،پروتز

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140/هسته سيليكوني و كاهش وزن پروتز مسدودكننده

1391 تابستان، 2، شماره 30دوره مجله دانشكده دندانپزشكي دانشگاه علوم پزشكي شهيد بهشتي،

References

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