USHC – 2.2: Explain how the Monroe Doctrine and the

concept of Manifest Destiny affected the United

States’ relationships with foreign powers, including

the role of the United States in the Texan Revolution

and the Mexican War.

Opening: Expansion in Texas Readin

Guide

Work Period: 2.2 Monroe

Doctrine and Manifest Destiny

Closing: QUIZ on 2.1 and 2.2

How did the Monroe Doctrine

and Manifest Destiny effect

different areas of foreign policy

during the 19th

century?

Essential Question

•European monarchies form the Quadruple Alliance to

suppress democratic revolutions

•Newly independent nations of Latin America gain the

sympathy of the American people

•Britain and U.S. are alarmed at Russian expansionist aims

•Britain proposes to issue a joint statement with the U.S. against intervention in Latin

America

•U.S. issues the Monroe Doctrine

•European monarchies defeat Napoleon in 1815

•Simon Bolivar and Jose San Martin lead the independence

movement in the Latin American colonies and

overthrow Spain

•Russian tsar announces in 1821 that his empire extends south

into Oregon

•British fear that the Quadruple Alliance may try to suppress Latin American democracies

•Sec. Of State John Q. Adams advises that the U.S. issue an

independent statement opposing intervention in Latin American

British and U.S. leaders decided they had a common interest in protecting North and South America from the possible aggression of a European power

*British initiative-wants to protect their lucrative trade

American response

Secretary of State John Quincy Adams believed that joint action with Britain would restrict U.S. opportunities for further expansion in the hemisphere

If the U.S. acted alone, Britain could be counted upon to stand behind U.S. policy

No European power would risk going to war in South America, and if it did, the British navy would surely defeat the aggressor

monroe doctrine

•*Aimed at European Powers who wanted to restore their colonial

holdings

•Also a response to the collapse of the Spanish empire in the Americas and our recent history with Great Britain and

France.

•Keep European monarchies out of the Western

Hemisphere.

•Their government systems are foreign to the U.S.

• Referred to as America’s Self Defense Doctrine.

• It is a continuation of President Washington’s neutrality and

isolationist policies.

• Past problems with Europe led the US to declare the Americas

off-limits to Europe

US protector of new democracies in the Western Hemisphere

No European Colonization in the Americas

US will stay out of European affairs

Monroe

Doctrine

US recognized existing European

Colonies

Western Hemisphere or the Americas.

•New Latin American countries were formed from

successful revolutions.

•US protector of new democracies in

the Western Hemisphere

In 1823, President James Monroe, with the help of his advisors, developed the Monroe Doctrine. The Monroe Doctrine said that the US would not allow any European nation to intervene in or colonize countries in the Western Hemisphere in any way at any time for any reason.

Do you believe that Monroe had the right to tell other countries to stay out of the Western Hemisphere? Explain.

Activity –Mini Debate

Reasons for Manifest Destiny Changes in the early Antebellum era (1800-1840),

encouraged westward expansion in the 1840s

Jefferson’s Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the USA

Lewis & Clark’s exploration confirmed the economic potential of the western territory

What changed in the 1840s that encouraged

westward expansion?

Manifest Destiny In the 1840s, westward expansion

led Americans to acquire all lands from the Atlantic to Pacific in a movement called Manifest Destiny

Americans flooded into the West for new economic opportunities

The U.S. gained Texas, Oregon, California, & other territories through treaty or war

“Obvious”

“Future”

When Americans were colonists (1607-1783),

the western border was the Appalachian Mountains

After the Revolutionary

War, the western border of the U.S. was the

Mississippi River

After Jefferson’s Louisiana Purchase in 1803, the western border was the Rocky Mountains

By 1850, the western border was the Pacific Ocean

from Oregon to California

Reasons for Manifest Destiny Americans had a God-given right

to all the land of the North American continent. (Other peoples were less favored by divine providence)

The growth of “King Cotton” &

commercial farming led to a desire for more western lands

Improved transportation such as canals, steamboats, & railroads increased speed & profitability

MEXICO CONTROLS TEXAS

After 300 years of Spanish rule, Mexican settlers felt at home in Texas territory

Mexico won their independence from Spain in 1821 and Texas was theirs

Mexican officials offered land to Americans to make the area more stable

Americans soon outnumbered Mexicans in Texas – trouble started when Mexico outlawed slavery

Revolt

Tariff on American imports

Texans wanted Salutary Neglect

Alamo – Pres. Santa Anna lead attack

187 Americans died

Texans later defeated Mexican Army

Texas Revolution

3. Republic of Texas

Separate Country

4. Annexation

America absorbed Texas

Issue- Slave or non-Slave?

Texas Revolution

In order to avoid controversy over whether TX would be a slave state, Texas remained independent for almost a decade.

President James Polk annexed Texas shortly after his election in 1844.

Manifest Destiny-Texas

President Polk offered to purchase additional Mexican territory, but was turned down. He sent troops to a region that was disputed

between TX and MX, and the Mexicans interpreted this as a hostile act, which led to war.

Peace treaty gave US land that includes California, New Mexico and Arizona.

This was neither American territory nor unclaimed land.

Manifest Destiny-Mexican Cession

The Mexican War established an adversarial relationship between the US and Mexico that lasted into the 20th century and may still influence resentments today over illegal immigration.

Impact of the Mexican War

Create a flow map of key events from standard 2.1 and 2.2 (use your notes from yesterday!)

Activity 2-Flow Map

QUIZ TIME!

Extra Credit:

Analyze the picture on the next slide. (Worth up to 10 points for a well-thought out response)

CLOSING

www.historyonthenet.com

This picture is entitled ‘Manifest Destiny’. Explain how the artist uses

the objects and people in the picture to encourage people to fulfil their

Manifest Destiny.