usgbc green building expo - gensler
DESCRIPTION
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the FutureTRANSCRIPT
2010 Municipal Green Building Conference and Expo
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future
Wednesday, April 14, 2010
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future Overview
THe WOrlD is cHAngingcO2 regulations will drastically alter how buildings are designed and operated
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future regulatory impacts
2008 California Green Building Code
2010California Green Building Code
International GreenConstruction Code
LEED NC v3
ASHRAE189.1-2009
• Exceeds2007CAEnergyCode(Title 24) by 15% or 30%
• Exceeds• Exceeds• Exceeds• Exceeds 2007200720072007 CACACACA EnergyEnergyEnergyEnergy CodeCodeCodeCode(Title 24) by 15% or 30%(Title 24) by 15% or 30%(Title 24) by 15% or 30%(Title 24) by 15% or 30%
• Exceeds 2007 CAenergy code (Title 24) by 15% or 30%
• Reduce potable water by 20%• New buildings >10,000 SF
commissioning
• Included ASHRAE standard189.1 as Jurisdictional requirement option
• Buildings must comply withAnsi/AsHrAe/iesnA standard 90.1
• Provided for future installationof on-site renewable energy systems.
• Reduce energy use by 10% per ASHRAE 90.1-2007• Fundamental Commissioning
is required
Waxman-Markey BillHR 2454
California Global WarmingSolutions Act- AB32
• Reduce GHG to 17% below2005 levels
• Reduce GHG to 1990 levels
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future generations in the Workplace
VEtERANS (1920-43, 67+ yEARS OLD)
59 million- Greatest Generation
BOOMERS (1944-60, 49-60 yEARS OLD)
80 million-Me Generation
GEN X (1961-79, 31-50 yEARS OLD)
46 million-Slacker Generation
MILLENNIALS (1980-2000, 10-30 yEARS OLD)
76 million-Generation Next
Family- Oriented, Loyal, Hard Working, Stable, Reliable
Personal Growth, Optimistic, Driven, Determined
Entrepreneurial, Creative,Technology-adept
Networked, Sociable + Sophisticated, Achievers
2005 2010 2015 2020
20%
40%
60%
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future The real Opportunity- capitalize on change
improved performance of the people in green High Performance design.
HuMAN PERFORMANCE
CuRRENT FuTuREPAST
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future The real Opportunity- capitalize on changeintegrated and holistic design approach
ATTRACTION & RETENTION
LEGISLATION
OPERATIONS COSTSCONSTRUCTION
COSTS
DEMOGRAPHICS
ENERGY COSTS
MOBILITY
COMMUNITY
WORKMODES
SPEC/PRE-LET/BUILD TO SUIT
FUTU RECOMME RCIA L OFFICE BUILD ING
WORk
EN
VIR
ONMENt
ECO
NOMICS
WELLBEING
WATER
SITE ECOLOGY
DAYLIGHT
CARBONFOOTPRINT
ENVELOPES
MATERIALS FUTUREPROOFING
DEVELOPMENT IDENTITY
COMMUNITY MEETING
BUILDINGSYSTEMS
FLEXIBILITY
ENTITLEMENTS
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future Targeting Passive Design & Operations
In 2006, 83% of Americans supported “more leadership from the Federal gov-ernment to reduce the pollution linked to global warming, encourage new ap-proaches to promoting conservation and spark development of renewal or al-ternative energy sources.”1
++
Land Use Change
Agriculture
Waste
18.2%
13.5%
3.6%
Industrial Processes 3.4%
Transportation 13.5%
Electricity & Heat 24.6%
Industry
Fugitive Emissions
Other Fuel Combustion
10.4%
3.9%
9.0%
EN
ER
GY
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 77%
Methane(CH4) 14%
Nitrous Oxide (N2O) 8%
HFCs, PFCs, SF6 1%
Agriculture Soils
Livestock & Manure
Rice Cultivation Other Agriculture
LandfillsWastewater, Other Waste
Agricultural Energy Use
6.0%
5.1%
1.5%0.9%
2.0%1.6%
1.4%
T&D Losses Coal Mining
Oil/Gas Extraction, Refining & Processing
Deforestation Afforestation Reforestation Harvest/Management Other
Cement
Other Industry
1.9%1.4%
6.3%
18.3%-1.5%-0.5%2.5%
-0.6%
3.8%
5.0%
Chemicals
Aluminum/Non-Ferrous Metals
Food & Tobacco Pulp, Paper & Printing Machinery
4.8%
1.4%
1.0%1.0%1.0%
Road
AirRail, Ship, & Other Transport
Unallocated Fuel Combustion
Commercial Buildings
Residential Buildings
Iron & Steel
9.9%
1.6%2.3%
3.5%
5.4%
9.9%
3.2%
World GHG Emissions Flow ChartSector End Use/Activity Gas
Sources & Notes: All data is for 2000. All calculations are based on CO2 equivalents, using 100-year global warming potentials from the IPCC (1996), based on a total global estimate of 41,755 MtCO2 equivalent. Land use change includes both emissions and absorptions; see Chapter 16. See Appendix 2 for detailed description of sector and end use/activity definitions, as well as data sources. Dotted lines represent flows of less than 0.1% percent of total GHG emissions.
CONStRuCtION
15%DECONStRuCtION
5%OPERAtIONS
80%
CO2 FOOTPRINT IN THE LIFECYCLE OF A BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION / RENOVATION
ENERGY USE IN THE LIFECYCLE OF THE BUILDING
DEMOLITION
15% OF THE EMBODIED ENERGY IN BUILDINGS IS ACCOUNTED FOR IN CONSTRUCTION.
5% OF THE ENERGY IS ACCOUNTED FOR IN DEMOLITION.
80% OF THE ENERGY IS ACCOUNTED FOR IN THE USE OF THE BUILDING.
40% OF THE WORLDS ENERGY IS CONSUMED BY BUILDINGS.
AESTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS COMFORT DESIGN DAYLIGHT VENTILATION NOISE CONTROL VIEWS FROM THE INTERIOR STRUCTURE SKIN MATERIALS ENERGY CONSIDERATIONS BUILDING PERFORMANCE ENERGY GENERATION BUILDING ORIENTATION SITE ENVIRONMENT
•
•
•
Form & orientation cost the least and saves the most
Form & orientation cost the least and saves the most
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future The real Opportunity- capitalize on change
The green Premium: impact on sales Price
200720062005
$400.00
$350.00
$300.00
$250.00
$200.00
$150.00
Energy StarNon-Energy Star
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future The real Opportunity- capitalize on change
The green Premium: impact on sales Price
LEED® CERTiFiED OFFiCE BuiLDiNGS
9.94%
12%
8%
4%
0%ENERGy STAR-RATED OFFiCE BuiLDiNGS
5.76%
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future The real Opportunity- capitalize on change
Average savings on green Buildings:
per uSGBC
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future The real Opportunity- capitalize on change
in 12 sustainably designed buildings in the gsA portfolio:
44-52%
4.8-5.5%
27%
2-5
energy savings due to dayligting
productivity gains
higher employee satisfaction
less sick daysannually
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future The real Opportunity- capitalize on change
Using gensler lA office as a case study we found that could save enough money in 10 years to pay for a new building.
Here is what it took:
+1% Productivity
-1 sick day
+2 more hours per month
-10% reduced churn/turnover
The Value of green spaces
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future
Process + Tools
HigH PerFOrmAnce Design is about a process that involves a higher level of understanding of the environment, how people really work, and how design affects both energy and people.
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future The Process
EnvironmEntal mapping
daylightingoptimization
EnErgy modElaltErnativEs
dEsignsynthEsis
Bim modEl
workplacEoptimization
studiEs
BasElinEEnErgymodEl
MEASuREMENt &COMMISSIONING
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future global reach
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future environmental mapping
Gensler Page 4COB2020 STRAWMAN CHALLENGE 25 STORIES NEW OFFICE BUILDING CHICAGO
TEMPLATE - 01 APRIL 2009
ENVIRONMENTAL MAPPINGENTER
1. LOCATION AND REFERENCE POINT
ECOSYSTEM
2. SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL GRAPHS
For more information, please visit http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/ecoregions/map_eco.htm
4. SITE SPECIFIC PASSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN GUIDELINES
3. SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES
3.2% COMFORT (278 HRS)The hours of the year during which the outside conditions are comfortable and so there is no need for modifi cation.
DESIGN STRATEGIES FOUR BASE CLIMATE CONDITIONS AND FOUR PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES BASED ON A FULL YEAR - 8760 HOURS ( JANUARY THROUGH DECEMBER )
Lower the indoor temperature at night to reduce heating energy consumption (lower thermostat heating setback)
DESIGN GUIDELINES
MON
FAN
AUTO
PM
DONE EDIT WAKE LEAVE RETURN SLEEP CANCEL
HEAT
COOLTIME
CANCELPERIOD
TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN
LOWER HEAT SETTING TO 55°F (13°C) WHEN BUILDING IS NOT OCCUPIED
RAISE COOLING SETTING TO 85°F (30°C) WHEN BUILDING IS NOT OCCUPIED
EMPTY
85 O
O
O
O
O
O
O
80
75
70
65
60
55
MIDNIGHT 6AM 8AM NOON 6PM MIDNIGHT
COME-IN WORK LEAVE
11:00
55 O
80 O
For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/
For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/
TOP TEN DESIGN GUIDELINES BASED ON A FULL YEAR ( JANUARY THROUGH DECEMBER )
8.9% Natural Ventilation Cooling (779 HRS) 13.1% Sun Shading (1151 HRS)
28.2% Humidifi cation (2469 HRS) 9.2% Passive Solar Direct Gain Low Mass (808 HRS)
During hot humid times air motion is one of the few ways to produce a cooling eff ect on the hu-man body. During these hours there is enough wind to produce a cooling eff ect but not so much as to be uncomfortable.
The air is too dry for comfort and would need to have moisture added. Note that enough mois-ture is often added to the air by human occupants (expiration, perspiration, use of water) so that in modern well-sealed buildings mechanical humidifi cation is usually not needed.
When the temperature is above the minimum required for comfort, any solar radiation that en-ters the building will not contribute to comfort and probably will contribute to overheating the space. Any hours where the temperature is above the minimum required for comfort are good candidates for sun shading.
If the building has the right amount of sun-facing glass with shading that blocks direct solar gain when it is not needed, then passive solar heating can be used to raise internal temperatures. Low mass buildings have a relatively short thermal time lag (on the order of 3 hours), so it is the solar radiation from 3 hours prior that eff ects the current hour.
Extra insulation (super insulation) might prove cost eff ective, and will increase occupant comfort by keeping indoor temperatures more uniform
Sunny wind-protected outdoor spaces can extend living areas in cool weather Good natural ventilation can reduce or eliminate air conditioning in warm weather if windows are well shaded and oriented to prevailing breezes
Organize fl oor plan so winter sun penetrates into daytime use spaces with specifi c functions that coincide with solar orientation
Window overhangs (designed for this latitude) or operable sunshades (extend in summer, retract in winter) can reduce or eliminate air conditioning
Insulating blinds or heavy draperies will help reduce winter night time heat losses Exterior wind shields and planting can protect entries from cold winter winds
Heat gain from equipment, lights and occupants will greatly reduce heating needs, so keep home tight and well insulated (use ventilation in summer)
High effi ciency furnace (at least energy star) should prove cost eff ective
COMFORT
UNITS: hoursSOLAR RADIATION
0
For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
UNITS:TEMPERATURE
COMFORT ZONE
JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFor more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/
Text for this area is taken from ‘Passive Guidelines for Building Passive Energy Conserving Homes’ by the AIA Research Corporation 1979
FEB MAR APR
UNITS: daysPRECIPITATION
0
PRIMARY COMFORT ELEMENTS ABOVE
PASSIVE OPPORTUNITIES BELOW
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
COMFORT ZONE
0%JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/
FEB MAR APR
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
FULL SUN HOURS/DAYHOURLY
MONTHLY AVERAGES
RAIN DAYS
MONTHLY AVERAGES
WIND SPEEDS
WIND
For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/
Solar radiation can extend the comfort zone by heating cool temperatures.
The sun can be used as an asset in cool and cold climates to provide passive heating to reduce heating loads, but can be a signifi cant liability in hot climates where it can quickly overheat a building.
JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR
GREEN ROOF
PRECIPITATIONVOLUME OF RAIN
LOCATION STREET CITY STATE COUNTRYPOSTAL CODE
REFERENCE POINT REFERENCE POINT LATITUDE / LONGITUDE
TIME ZONE DATA SOURCE ELEVATION
* METEOROLOGICAL DATA REFERENCE POINT
LATITUDE / LONGITUDE
RAIN
FORE
STG
RASS
LAN
DS
DES
ERT
ANNUAL
5
10
15
20
30
This ecological region extends from the Great Lakes in the north to the Gulf of Mexico in the south. From the Atlantic Coast, it extends westward approximately 620 km into eastern Texas,Oklahoma, Missouri, Iowa and Minnesota. The region is distinguished by its moderate to mildly humid climate, its relatively dense and diverse forest cover, and its high density of hu-maninhabitants that approximates 160 million. Urban industries, agriculture and some forestry are major activities.
Physical settingA variety of geologic materials and landforms are present. Younger-age sedimentary coastal plains in the south and east abut the older, folded and faulted sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks of the Appalachian Mountains that reach elevations over 2,000 m. A mixed lime-stone-dolomite terrain of plains and hills dominate much of the central part of the region, with other sedimentary rock found on the plateaux and plains in the north and west. Glacially derived materials and landforms and areas of glacial lake deposits shape the landscape in the north. Soils are mostly leached, being nutrient-poor to calcium-rich. Surface waters are characterized by an abundance of perennial streams, small areas with high densities of lakes, a diversity of wetland communities and a rich array of maritime ecosystems.The climate is generally warm, humid and temperate, although there is a latitudinal gradient from cool, continental temperatures to those that are subtropical. Summers are hot and humid, and winters are mild to cool. The average daily minimum temperature in winter is –12°C in the north and 4°C in the south. Average daily maximum summer temperatures are 27°C to 32°C. Precipitation amounts of 1,000-1,500 mm per year are relatively evenly distributed throughout the year, with most areas having either a summer or spring maximum.
Biological settingThe Eastern Temperate Forests form a dense forest canopy consisting mostly of tall broadleaf, deciduous trees and needle-leaf conifers. Beech-maple and maple-basswood forest types oc-cur widely especially in the eastern reaches of this region, mixed oak-hickory associations are common in the Upper Midwest, changing into oak-hickory-pine mixed forests in the south and the Appalachians. These forests have a diversity of tree, shrub, vine and herb layers. While vari-ous species of oaks, hickories, maples and pines are common, other wide-ranging tree species include ashes, elms, black cherry, yellow poplar, sweet gum, basswood, hackberry, common per-simmon, eastern red cedar and fl owering dogwood. A key tree species, the American chestnut, was virtually eliminated from the Eastern Temperate Forests in the fi rst half of the twentieth century by an introduced fungus. Two essentials for wildlife—food and shelter—are relatively abundant in the Eastern Temperate Forests. Because it is a signifi cant evolutionary area for the continent’s fauna, the region contains a great diversity of species within several groups of ani-mals. Mammals of the region include the white-footed mouse, gray squirrel, eastern chipmunk, raccoon, porcupine, gray fox, bobcat, white-tailed deer and black bear. The region has extremely diverse populations of birds, fi sh, reptiles and amphibians.
Human activitiesIn the past, woodland indigenous cultures incorporated a mixture of hunting, gathering and ag-ricultural activities. Food sources included deer, small mammals, fi sh, shellfi sh, wild fruits and vegetables, and crops such as corn, beans, squash and tobacco were grown. Annual or occasional fi res were used to clear the forest understory for ease of travel, preparation of cropland, or to encourage growth of forage plants for both wild game and human consumption. The shift from Indian to European dominance led to more extensive forest clearing, burning, and conversion to pasturage and cropland.Several valley and plain areas continue today as rich, productive cropland, while other cleared ar-eas have reverted to mixed forest. Pine plantations for pulp and paper are common in the South. With a historical concentration of the continent’s political, economic and industrial power, the region’s landscape was also transformed by extensive manufacturing and urbanization. This ur-ban population occupies the mid-Atlantic megalopolis from Boston to Washington, DC; the large urban areas near the Great Lakes such as Chicago, Detroit, Toronto and Montreal; and hundreds of smaller cities and towns. Approximately 160 million people, more than 40 percent of North America’s population, live in this region.
EASTERN TEMPERATE FORESTS
There are many reasons to include a green roof on a building, including controlling storm water runoff , mitigating urban heat-island eff ects and creating wildlife habitat. Looking at the volume and distribution of rainfall on the site, along with temperature and solar radiation, will help give a sense of what type of green roof is appropriate for the site.
15.7% INTERNAL HEAT GAIN (1371 HRS)The heat added to the building by internal loads such as lights, people, and equipment which will help keep the building comfortable when the outside temperature is low.
4.9% CONVENTIONAL COOLING (433 HRS)The hours of the year for which it is estimated that passive strategies alone will not bring the building into the comfort zone and mechanical cooling may be required. Note: this value does not include the eff ects of Internal Heat Gain which could be substantial for some building types.
The hours of the year during which mechanical heating may be required to bring the building into the comfort zone. Note: this value includes the eff ects of Internal Heat Gain.
57.7% CONVENTIONAL HEATING (5053HRS)
--------------------------- --------------------------- ----------- --------------- -------------
----------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------
----------- -------------------------------------------------------- -----------
-------------------------------------------
JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR
25
F
H
Temperature is the primary climatic element that contributes to human comfort.
Temperature can be a liability in both hot and cold climates especially if it is consistently too hot or consistently too cold.
Day to night (diurnal) temperature swings can be an asset if mass construction is used to even out interior temperature.
Opening up to the assets of climate and closing down to its liabilities is the basis of passive design.
To feel comfortable, both the temperature and humidity must be within their comfort zones. Thus excessively high or low humidity can push otherwise comfortable temperatures to feel uncomfortable.
High humidity is a liability because it reduces the eff ectiveness of sweating to cool the body by preventing the evaporation of perspiration from the skin, causing people to feel hotter than they would at the same temperature if humidity was low.
Moisture (humidity) can be an asset by evaporating in hot, dry climates to cool and humidify the air.
Wind can extend the comfort zone by cooling high temperatures.
Wind is a liability in cold climates because it carries away heat more quickly than usual. Wind can also be a liability to comfort in hot, dry climates when winds cause one to dehydrate and consequently overheat.
Wind can be an asset in hot, humid climates to provide natural ventilation.
JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR
111 W Wacker Dr. Chicago IL USA60601
Chicago Ohare Intl Ap,IL 41.98° NORTH, 87.92° WEST
-6 TMY3 659 ft
41.88° NORTH, 87.63° WEST
PROJECT LOCATION (National Map) PROJECT LOCATION (County/City) PROJECT LOCATION (Site)
AVERAGE DAILY LOW
AVERAGE DAILY HIGH
DAILY AVERAGE
AVERAGE
DESIGN LOW
DESIGN HIGH
JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR
°F
0°
20°
40°
60°
80°
100°
UNITS: mph
0 mph
5 mph
10 mph
15 mph
20 mph
ABOVE 5MPH CAN BE USED FOR NATURAL COOLING
UNITS: inches
0 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0
2
4
6
8
10
TEMPLATE - 01 APRIL 2009
ENVIRONMENTAL MAPPINGENTER
1. LOCATION AND REFERENCE POINT
ECOSYSTEM
2. SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL GRAPHS
For more information, please visit http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/ecoregions/map_eco.htm
4. SITE SPECIFIC PASSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN GUIDELINES
3. SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES
3.2% COMFORT (278 HRS)The hours of the year during which the outside conditions are comfortable and so there is no need for modifi cation.
DESIGN STRATEGIES FOUR BASE CLIMATE CONDITIONS AND FOUR PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES BASED ON A FULL YEAR - 8760 HOURS ( JANUARY THROUGH DECEMBER )
Lower the indoor temperature at night to reduce heating energy consumption (lower thermostat heating setback)
DESIGN GUIDELINES
MON
FAN
AUTO
PM
DONE EDIT WAKE LEAVE RETURN SLEEP CANCEL
HEAT
COOLTIME
CANCELPERIOD
TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN
LOWER HEAT SETTING TO 55°F (13°C) WHEN BUILDING IS NOT OCCUPIED
RAISE COOLING SETTING TO 85°F (30°C) WHEN BUILDING IS NOT OCCUPIED
EMPTY
85 O
O
O
O
O
O
O
80
75
70
65
60
55
MIDNIGHT 6AM 8AM NOON 6PM MIDNIGHT
COME-IN WORK LEAVE
11:00
55 O
80 O
For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/
For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/
TOP TEN DESIGN GUIDELINES BASED ON A FULL YEAR ( JANUARY THROUGH DECEMBER )
8.9% Natural Ventilation Cooling (779 HRS) 13.1% Sun Shading (1151 HRS)
28.2% Humidifi cation (2469 HRS) 9.2% Passive Solar Direct Gain Low Mass (808 HRS)
During hot humid times air motion is one of the few ways to produce a cooling eff ect on the hu-man body. During these hours there is enough wind to produce a cooling eff ect but not so much as to be uncomfortable.
The air is too dry for comfort and would need to have moisture added. Note that enough mois-ture is often added to the air by human occupants (expiration, perspiration, use of water) so that in modern well-sealed buildings mechanical humidifi cation is usually not needed.
When the temperature is above the minimum required for comfort, any solar radiation that en-ters the building will not contribute to comfort and probably will contribute to overheating the space. Any hours where the temperature is above the minimum required for comfort are good candidates for sun shading.
If the building has the right amount of sun-facing glass with shading that blocks direct solar gain when it is not needed, then passive solar heating can be used to raise internal temperatures. Low mass buildings have a relatively short thermal time lag (on the order of 3 hours), so it is the solar radiation from 3 hours prior that eff ects the current hour.
Extra insulation (super insulation) might prove cost eff ective, and will increase occupant comfort by keeping indoor temperatures more uniform
Sunny wind-protected outdoor spaces can extend living areas in cool weather Good natural ventilation can reduce or eliminate air conditioning in warm weather if windows are well shaded and oriented to prevailing breezes
Organize fl oor plan so winter sun penetrates into daytime use spaces with specifi c functions that coincide with solar orientation
Window overhangs (designed for this latitude) or operable sunshades (extend in summer, retract in winter) can reduce or eliminate air conditioning
Insulating blinds or heavy draperies will help reduce winter night time heat losses Exterior wind shields and planting can protect entries from cold winter winds
Heat gain from equipment, lights and occupants will greatly reduce heating needs, so keep home tight and well insulated (use ventilation in summer)
High effi ciency furnace (at least energy star) should prove cost eff ective
COMFORT
UNITS: hoursSOLAR RADIATION
0
For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
UNITS:TEMPERATURE
COMFORT ZONE
JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFor more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/
Text for this area is taken from ‘Passive Guidelines for Building Passive Energy Conserving Homes’ by the AIA Research Corporation 1979
FEB MAR APR
UNITS: daysPRECIPITATION
0
PRIMARY COMFORT ELEMENTS ABOVE
PASSIVE OPPORTUNITIES BELOW
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
COMFORT ZONE
0%JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/
FEB MAR APR
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
FULL SUN HOURS/DAYHOURLY
MONTHLY AVERAGES
RAIN DAYS
MONTHLY AVERAGES
WIND SPEEDS
WIND
For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/
Solar radiation can extend the comfort zone by heating cool temperatures.
The sun can be used as an asset in cool and cold climates to provide passive heating to reduce heating loads, but can be a signifi cant liability in hot climates where it can quickly overheat a building.
JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR
GREEN ROOF
PRECIPITATIONVOLUME OF RAIN
LOCATION STREET CITY STATE COUNTRYPOSTAL CODE
REFERENCE POINT REFERENCE POINT LATITUDE / LONGITUDE
TIME ZONE DATA SOURCE ELEVATION
* METEOROLOGICAL DATA REFERENCE POINT
LATITUDE / LONGITUDE
RAIN
FORE
STG
RASS
LAN
DS
DES
ERT
ANNUAL
5
10
15
20
30
This ecological region extends from the Great Lakes in the north to the Gulf of Mexico in the south. From the Atlantic Coast, it extends westward approximately 620 km into eastern Texas,Oklahoma, Missouri, Iowa and Minnesota. The region is distinguished by its moderate to mildly humid climate, its relatively dense and diverse forest cover, and its high density of hu-maninhabitants that approximates 160 million. Urban industries, agriculture and some forestry are major activities.
Physical settingA variety of geologic materials and landforms are present. Younger-age sedimentary coastal plains in the south and east abut the older, folded and faulted sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks of the Appalachian Mountains that reach elevations over 2,000 m. A mixed lime-stone-dolomite terrain of plains and hills dominate much of the central part of the region, with other sedimentary rock found on the plateaux and plains in the north and west. Glacially derived materials and landforms and areas of glacial lake deposits shape the landscape in the north. Soils are mostly leached, being nutrient-poor to calcium-rich. Surface waters are characterized by an abundance of perennial streams, small areas with high densities of lakes, a diversity of wetland communities and a rich array of maritime ecosystems.The climate is generally warm, humid and temperate, although there is a latitudinal gradient from cool, continental temperatures to those that are subtropical. Summers are hot and humid, and winters are mild to cool. The average daily minimum temperature in winter is –12°C in the north and 4°C in the south. Average daily maximum summer temperatures are 27°C to 32°C. Precipitation amounts of 1,000-1,500 mm per year are relatively evenly distributed throughout the year, with most areas having either a summer or spring maximum.
Biological settingThe Eastern Temperate Forests form a dense forest canopy consisting mostly of tall broadleaf, deciduous trees and needle-leaf conifers. Beech-maple and maple-basswood forest types oc-cur widely especially in the eastern reaches of this region, mixed oak-hickory associations are common in the Upper Midwest, changing into oak-hickory-pine mixed forests in the south and the Appalachians. These forests have a diversity of tree, shrub, vine and herb layers. While vari-ous species of oaks, hickories, maples and pines are common, other wide-ranging tree species include ashes, elms, black cherry, yellow poplar, sweet gum, basswood, hackberry, common per-simmon, eastern red cedar and fl owering dogwood. A key tree species, the American chestnut, was virtually eliminated from the Eastern Temperate Forests in the fi rst half of the twentieth century by an introduced fungus. Two essentials for wildlife—food and shelter—are relatively abundant in the Eastern Temperate Forests. Because it is a signifi cant evolutionary area for the continent’s fauna, the region contains a great diversity of species within several groups of ani-mals. Mammals of the region include the white-footed mouse, gray squirrel, eastern chipmunk, raccoon, porcupine, gray fox, bobcat, white-tailed deer and black bear. The region has extremely diverse populations of birds, fi sh, reptiles and amphibians.
Human activitiesIn the past, woodland indigenous cultures incorporated a mixture of hunting, gathering and ag-ricultural activities. Food sources included deer, small mammals, fi sh, shellfi sh, wild fruits and vegetables, and crops such as corn, beans, squash and tobacco were grown. Annual or occasional fi res were used to clear the forest understory for ease of travel, preparation of cropland, or to encourage growth of forage plants for both wild game and human consumption. The shift from Indian to European dominance led to more extensive forest clearing, burning, and conversion to pasturage and cropland.Several valley and plain areas continue today as rich, productive cropland, while other cleared ar-eas have reverted to mixed forest. Pine plantations for pulp and paper are common in the South. With a historical concentration of the continent’s political, economic and industrial power, the region’s landscape was also transformed by extensive manufacturing and urbanization. This ur-ban population occupies the mid-Atlantic megalopolis from Boston to Washington, DC; the large urban areas near the Great Lakes such as Chicago, Detroit, Toronto and Montreal; and hundreds of smaller cities and towns. Approximately 160 million people, more than 40 percent of North America’s population, live in this region.
EASTERN TEMPERATE FORESTS
There are many reasons to include a green roof on a building, including controlling storm water runoff , mitigating urban heat-island eff ects and creating wildlife habitat. Looking at the volume and distribution of rainfall on the site, along with temperature and solar radiation, will help give a sense of what type of green roof is appropriate for the site.
15.7% INTERNAL HEAT GAIN (1371 HRS)The heat added to the building by internal loads such as lights, people, and equipment which will help keep the building comfortable when the outside temperature is low.
4.9% CONVENTIONAL COOLING (433 HRS)The hours of the year for which it is estimated that passive strategies alone will not bring the building into the comfort zone and mechanical cooling may be required. Note: this value does not include the eff ects of Internal Heat Gain which could be substantial for some building types.
The hours of the year during which mechanical heating may be required to bring the building into the comfort zone. Note: this value includes the eff ects of Internal Heat Gain.
57.7% CONVENTIONAL HEATING (5053HRS)
--------------------------- --------------------------- ----------- --------------- -------------
----------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------
----------- -------------------------------------------------------- -----------
-------------------------------------------
JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR
25
F
H
Temperature is the primary climatic element that contributes to human comfort.
Temperature can be a liability in both hot and cold climates especially if it is consistently too hot or consistently too cold.
Day to night (diurnal) temperature swings can be an asset if mass construction is used to even out interior temperature.
Opening up to the assets of climate and closing down to its liabilities is the basis of passive design.
To feel comfortable, both the temperature and humidity must be within their comfort zones. Thus excessively high or low humidity can push otherwise comfortable temperatures to feel uncomfortable.
High humidity is a liability because it reduces the eff ectiveness of sweating to cool the body by preventing the evaporation of perspiration from the skin, causing people to feel hotter than they would at the same temperature if humidity was low.
Moisture (humidity) can be an asset by evaporating in hot, dry climates to cool and humidify the air.
Wind can extend the comfort zone by cooling high temperatures.
Wind is a liability in cold climates because it carries away heat more quickly than usual. Wind can also be a liability to comfort in hot, dry climates when winds cause one to dehydrate and consequently overheat.
Wind can be an asset in hot, humid climates to provide natural ventilation.
JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR
111 W Wacker Dr. Chicago IL USA60601
Chicago Ohare Intl Ap,IL 41.98° NORTH, 87.92° WEST
-6 TMY3 659 ft
41.88° NORTH, 87.63° WEST
PROJECT LOCATION (National Map) PROJECT LOCATION (County/City) PROJECT LOCATION (Site)
AVERAGE DAILY LOW
AVERAGE DAILY HIGH
DAILY AVERAGE
AVERAGE
DESIGN LOW
DESIGN HIGH
JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR
°F
0°
20°
40°
60°
80°
100°
UNITS: mph
0 mph
5 mph
10 mph
15 mph
20 mph
ABOVE 5MPH CAN BE USED FOR NATURAL COOLING
UNITS: inches
0 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0
2
4
6
8
10
ENVIRONMENTAL MAPPING - CLIMATE ANALYSIS 25 Story New Office Building
TEMPLATE - 01 APRIL 2009
ENVIRONMENTAL MAPPINGENTER
1. LOCATION AND REFERENCE POINT
ECOSYSTEM
2. SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL GRAPHS
For more information, please visit http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/ecoregions/map_eco.htm
4. SITE SPECIFIC PASSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN GUIDELINES
3. SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES
3.2% COMFORT (278 HRS)The hours of the year during which the outside conditions are comfortable and so there is no need for modifi cation.
DESIGN STRATEGIES FOUR BASE CLIMATE CONDITIONS AND FOUR PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES BASED ON A FULL YEAR - 8760 HOURS ( JANUARY THROUGH DECEMBER )
Lower the indoor temperature at night to reduce heating energy consumption (lower thermostat heating setback)
DESIGN GUIDELINES
MON
FAN
AUTO
PM
DONE EDIT WAKE LEAVE RETURN SLEEP CANCEL
HEAT
COOLTIME
CANCELPERIOD
TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN
LOWER HEAT SETTING TO 55°F (13°C) WHEN BUILDING IS NOT OCCUPIED
RAISE COOLING SETTING TO 85°F (30°C) WHEN BUILDING IS NOT OCCUPIED
EMPTY
85 O
O
O
O
O
O
O
80
75
70
65
60
55
MIDNIGHT 6AM 8AM NOON 6PM MIDNIGHT
COME-IN WORK LEAVE
11:00
55 O
80 O
For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/
For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/
TOP TEN DESIGN GUIDELINES BASED ON A FULL YEAR ( JANUARY THROUGH DECEMBER )
8.9% Natural Ventilation Cooling (779 HRS) 13.1% Sun Shading (1151 HRS)
28.2% Humidifi cation (2469 HRS) 9.2% Passive Solar Direct Gain Low Mass (808 HRS)
During hot humid times air motion is one of the few ways to produce a cooling eff ect on the hu-man body. During these hours there is enough wind to produce a cooling eff ect but not so much as to be uncomfortable.
The air is too dry for comfort and would need to have moisture added. Note that enough mois-ture is often added to the air by human occupants (expiration, perspiration, use of water) so that in modern well-sealed buildings mechanical humidifi cation is usually not needed.
When the temperature is above the minimum required for comfort, any solar radiation that en-ters the building will not contribute to comfort and probably will contribute to overheating the space. Any hours where the temperature is above the minimum required for comfort are good candidates for sun shading.
If the building has the right amount of sun-facing glass with shading that blocks direct solar gain when it is not needed, then passive solar heating can be used to raise internal temperatures. Low mass buildings have a relatively short thermal time lag (on the order of 3 hours), so it is the solar radiation from 3 hours prior that eff ects the current hour.
Extra insulation (super insulation) might prove cost eff ective, and will increase occupant comfort by keeping indoor temperatures more uniform
Sunny wind-protected outdoor spaces can extend living areas in cool weather Good natural ventilation can reduce or eliminate air conditioning in warm weather if windows are well shaded and oriented to prevailing breezes
Organize fl oor plan so winter sun penetrates into daytime use spaces with specifi c functions that coincide with solar orientation
Window overhangs (designed for this latitude) or operable sunshades (extend in summer, retract in winter) can reduce or eliminate air conditioning
Insulating blinds or heavy draperies will help reduce winter night time heat losses Exterior wind shields and planting can protect entries from cold winter winds
Heat gain from equipment, lights and occupants will greatly reduce heating needs, so keep home tight and well insulated (use ventilation in summer)
High effi ciency furnace (at least energy star) should prove cost eff ective
COMFORT
UNITS: hoursSOLAR RADIATION
0
For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
UNITS:TEMPERATURE
COMFORT ZONE
JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFor more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/
Text for this area is taken from ‘Passive Guidelines for Building Passive Energy Conserving Homes’ by the AIA Research Corporation 1979
FEB MAR APR
UNITS: daysPRECIPITATION
0
PRIMARY COMFORT ELEMENTS ABOVE
PASSIVE OPPORTUNITIES BELOW
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
COMFORT ZONE
0%JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/
FEB MAR APR
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
FULL SUN HOURS/DAYHOURLY
MONTHLY AVERAGES
RAIN DAYS
MONTHLY AVERAGES
WIND SPEEDS
WIND
For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/
Solar radiation can extend the comfort zone by heating cool temperatures.
The sun can be used as an asset in cool and cold climates to provide passive heating to reduce heating loads, but can be a signifi cant liability in hot climates where it can quickly overheat a building.
JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR
GREEN ROOF
PRECIPITATIONVOLUME OF RAIN
LOCATION STREET CITY STATE COUNTRYPOSTAL CODE
REFERENCE POINT REFERENCE POINT LATITUDE / LONGITUDE
TIME ZONE DATA SOURCE ELEVATION
* METEOROLOGICAL DATA REFERENCE POINT
LATITUDE / LONGITUDE
RAIN
FORE
STG
RASS
LAN
DS
DES
ERT
ANNUAL
5
10
15
20
30
This ecological region extends from the Great Lakes in the north to the Gulf of Mexico in the south. From the Atlantic Coast, it extends westward approximately 620 km into eastern Texas,Oklahoma, Missouri, Iowa and Minnesota. The region is distinguished by its moderate to mildly humid climate, its relatively dense and diverse forest cover, and its high density of hu-maninhabitants that approximates 160 million. Urban industries, agriculture and some forestry are major activities.
Physical settingA variety of geologic materials and landforms are present. Younger-age sedimentary coastal plains in the south and east abut the older, folded and faulted sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks of the Appalachian Mountains that reach elevations over 2,000 m. A mixed lime-stone-dolomite terrain of plains and hills dominate much of the central part of the region, with other sedimentary rock found on the plateaux and plains in the north and west. Glacially derived materials and landforms and areas of glacial lake deposits shape the landscape in the north. Soils are mostly leached, being nutrient-poor to calcium-rich. Surface waters are characterized by an abundance of perennial streams, small areas with high densities of lakes, a diversity of wetland communities and a rich array of maritime ecosystems.The climate is generally warm, humid and temperate, although there is a latitudinal gradient from cool, continental temperatures to those that are subtropical. Summers are hot and humid, and winters are mild to cool. The average daily minimum temperature in winter is –12°C in the north and 4°C in the south. Average daily maximum summer temperatures are 27°C to 32°C. Precipitation amounts of 1,000-1,500 mm per year are relatively evenly distributed throughout the year, with most areas having either a summer or spring maximum.
Biological settingThe Eastern Temperate Forests form a dense forest canopy consisting mostly of tall broadleaf, deciduous trees and needle-leaf conifers. Beech-maple and maple-basswood forest types oc-cur widely especially in the eastern reaches of this region, mixed oak-hickory associations are common in the Upper Midwest, changing into oak-hickory-pine mixed forests in the south and the Appalachians. These forests have a diversity of tree, shrub, vine and herb layers. While vari-ous species of oaks, hickories, maples and pines are common, other wide-ranging tree species include ashes, elms, black cherry, yellow poplar, sweet gum, basswood, hackberry, common per-simmon, eastern red cedar and fl owering dogwood. A key tree species, the American chestnut, was virtually eliminated from the Eastern Temperate Forests in the fi rst half of the twentieth century by an introduced fungus. Two essentials for wildlife—food and shelter—are relatively abundant in the Eastern Temperate Forests. Because it is a signifi cant evolutionary area for the continent’s fauna, the region contains a great diversity of species within several groups of ani-mals. Mammals of the region include the white-footed mouse, gray squirrel, eastern chipmunk, raccoon, porcupine, gray fox, bobcat, white-tailed deer and black bear. The region has extremely diverse populations of birds, fi sh, reptiles and amphibians.
Human activitiesIn the past, woodland indigenous cultures incorporated a mixture of hunting, gathering and ag-ricultural activities. Food sources included deer, small mammals, fi sh, shellfi sh, wild fruits and vegetables, and crops such as corn, beans, squash and tobacco were grown. Annual or occasional fi res were used to clear the forest understory for ease of travel, preparation of cropland, or to encourage growth of forage plants for both wild game and human consumption. The shift from Indian to European dominance led to more extensive forest clearing, burning, and conversion to pasturage and cropland.Several valley and plain areas continue today as rich, productive cropland, while other cleared ar-eas have reverted to mixed forest. Pine plantations for pulp and paper are common in the South. With a historical concentration of the continent’s political, economic and industrial power, the region’s landscape was also transformed by extensive manufacturing and urbanization. This ur-ban population occupies the mid-Atlantic megalopolis from Boston to Washington, DC; the large urban areas near the Great Lakes such as Chicago, Detroit, Toronto and Montreal; and hundreds of smaller cities and towns. Approximately 160 million people, more than 40 percent of North America’s population, live in this region.
EASTERN TEMPERATE FORESTS
There are many reasons to include a green roof on a building, including controlling storm water runoff , mitigating urban heat-island eff ects and creating wildlife habitat. Looking at the volume and distribution of rainfall on the site, along with temperature and solar radiation, will help give a sense of what type of green roof is appropriate for the site.
15.7% INTERNAL HEAT GAIN (1371 HRS)The heat added to the building by internal loads such as lights, people, and equipment which will help keep the building comfortable when the outside temperature is low.
4.9% CONVENTIONAL COOLING (433 HRS)The hours of the year for which it is estimated that passive strategies alone will not bring the building into the comfort zone and mechanical cooling may be required. Note: this value does not include the eff ects of Internal Heat Gain which could be substantial for some building types.
The hours of the year during which mechanical heating may be required to bring the building into the comfort zone. Note: this value includes the eff ects of Internal Heat Gain.
57.7% CONVENTIONAL HEATING (5053HRS)
--------------------------- --------------------------- ----------- --------------- -------------
----------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------
----------- -------------------------------------------------------- -----------
-------------------------------------------
JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR
25
F
H
Temperature is the primary climatic element that contributes to human comfort.
Temperature can be a liability in both hot and cold climates especially if it is consistently too hot or consistently too cold.
Day to night (diurnal) temperature swings can be an asset if mass construction is used to even out interior temperature.
Opening up to the assets of climate and closing down to its liabilities is the basis of passive design.
To feel comfortable, both the temperature and humidity must be within their comfort zones. Thus excessively high or low humidity can push otherwise comfortable temperatures to feel uncomfortable.
High humidity is a liability because it reduces the eff ectiveness of sweating to cool the body by preventing the evaporation of perspiration from the skin, causing people to feel hotter than they would at the same temperature if humidity was low.
Moisture (humidity) can be an asset by evaporating in hot, dry climates to cool and humidify the air.
Wind can extend the comfort zone by cooling high temperatures.
Wind is a liability in cold climates because it carries away heat more quickly than usual. Wind can also be a liability to comfort in hot, dry climates when winds cause one to dehydrate and consequently overheat.
Wind can be an asset in hot, humid climates to provide natural ventilation.
JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR
111 W Wacker Dr. Chicago IL USA60601
Chicago Ohare Intl Ap,IL 41.98° NORTH, 87.92° WEST
-6 TMY3 659 ft
41.88° NORTH, 87.63° WEST
PROJECT LOCATION (National Map) PROJECT LOCATION (County/City) PROJECT LOCATION (Site)
AVERAGE DAILY LOW
AVERAGE DAILY HIGH
DAILY AVERAGE
AVERAGE
DESIGN LOW
DESIGN HIGH
JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR
°F
0°
20°
40°
60°
80°
100°
UNITS: mph
0 mph
5 mph
10 mph
15 mph
20 mph
ABOVE 5MPH CAN BE USED FOR NATURAL COOLING
UNITS: inches
0 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0
2
4
6
8
10
TEMPLATE - 01 APRIL 2009
ENVIRONMENTAL MAPPINGENTER
1. LOCATION AND REFERENCE POINT
ECOSYSTEM
2. SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL GRAPHS
For more information, please visit http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/ecoregions/map_eco.htm
4. SITE SPECIFIC PASSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN GUIDELINES
3. SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES
3.2% COMFORT (278 HRS)The hours of the year during which the outside conditions are comfortable and so there is no need for modifi cation.
DESIGN STRATEGIES FOUR BASE CLIMATE CONDITIONS AND FOUR PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES BASED ON A FULL YEAR - 8760 HOURS ( JANUARY THROUGH DECEMBER )
Lower the indoor temperature at night to reduce heating energy consumption (lower thermostat heating setback)
DESIGN GUIDELINES
MON
FAN
AUTO
PM
DONE EDIT WAKE LEAVE RETURN SLEEP CANCEL
HEAT
COOLTIME
CANCELPERIOD
TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN
LOWER HEAT SETTING TO 55°F (13°C) WHEN BUILDING IS NOT OCCUPIED
RAISE COOLING SETTING TO 85°F (30°C) WHEN BUILDING IS NOT OCCUPIED
EMPTY
85 O
O
O
O
O
O
O
80
75
70
65
60
55
MIDNIGHT 6AM 8AM NOON 6PM MIDNIGHT
COME-IN WORK LEAVE
11:00
55 O
80 O
For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/
For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/
TOP TEN DESIGN GUIDELINES BASED ON A FULL YEAR ( JANUARY THROUGH DECEMBER )
8.9% Natural Ventilation Cooling (779 HRS) 13.1% Sun Shading (1151 HRS)
28.2% Humidifi cation (2469 HRS) 9.2% Passive Solar Direct Gain Low Mass (808 HRS)
During hot humid times air motion is one of the few ways to produce a cooling eff ect on the hu-man body. During these hours there is enough wind to produce a cooling eff ect but not so much as to be uncomfortable.
The air is too dry for comfort and would need to have moisture added. Note that enough mois-ture is often added to the air by human occupants (expiration, perspiration, use of water) so that in modern well-sealed buildings mechanical humidifi cation is usually not needed.
When the temperature is above the minimum required for comfort, any solar radiation that en-ters the building will not contribute to comfort and probably will contribute to overheating the space. Any hours where the temperature is above the minimum required for comfort are good candidates for sun shading.
If the building has the right amount of sun-facing glass with shading that blocks direct solar gain when it is not needed, then passive solar heating can be used to raise internal temperatures. Low mass buildings have a relatively short thermal time lag (on the order of 3 hours), so it is the solar radiation from 3 hours prior that eff ects the current hour.
Extra insulation (super insulation) might prove cost eff ective, and will increase occupant comfort by keeping indoor temperatures more uniform
Sunny wind-protected outdoor spaces can extend living areas in cool weather Good natural ventilation can reduce or eliminate air conditioning in warm weather if windows are well shaded and oriented to prevailing breezes
Organize fl oor plan so winter sun penetrates into daytime use spaces with specifi c functions that coincide with solar orientation
Window overhangs (designed for this latitude) or operable sunshades (extend in summer, retract in winter) can reduce or eliminate air conditioning
Insulating blinds or heavy draperies will help reduce winter night time heat losses Exterior wind shields and planting can protect entries from cold winter winds
Heat gain from equipment, lights and occupants will greatly reduce heating needs, so keep home tight and well insulated (use ventilation in summer)
High effi ciency furnace (at least energy star) should prove cost eff ective
COMFORT
UNITS: hoursSOLAR RADIATION
0
For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
UNITS:TEMPERATURE
COMFORT ZONE
JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFor more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/
Text for this area is taken from ‘Passive Guidelines for Building Passive Energy Conserving Homes’ by the AIA Research Corporation 1979
FEB MAR APR
UNITS: daysPRECIPITATION
0
PRIMARY COMFORT ELEMENTS ABOVE
PASSIVE OPPORTUNITIES BELOW
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
COMFORT ZONE
0%JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/
FEB MAR APR
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
FULL SUN HOURS/DAYHOURLY
MONTHLY AVERAGES
RAIN DAYS
MONTHLY AVERAGES
WIND SPEEDS
WIND
For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/
Solar radiation can extend the comfort zone by heating cool temperatures.
The sun can be used as an asset in cool and cold climates to provide passive heating to reduce heating loads, but can be a signifi cant liability in hot climates where it can quickly overheat a building.
JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR
GREEN ROOF
PRECIPITATIONVOLUME OF RAIN
LOCATION STREET CITY STATE COUNTRYPOSTAL CODE
REFERENCE POINT REFERENCE POINT LATITUDE / LONGITUDE
TIME ZONE DATA SOURCE ELEVATION
* METEOROLOGICAL DATA REFERENCE POINT
LATITUDE / LONGITUDE
RAIN
FORE
STG
RASS
LAN
DS
DES
ERT
ANNUAL
5
10
15
20
30
This ecological region extends from the Great Lakes in the north to the Gulf of Mexico in the south. From the Atlantic Coast, it extends westward approximately 620 km into eastern Texas,Oklahoma, Missouri, Iowa and Minnesota. The region is distinguished by its moderate to mildly humid climate, its relatively dense and diverse forest cover, and its high density of hu-maninhabitants that approximates 160 million. Urban industries, agriculture and some forestry are major activities.
Physical settingA variety of geologic materials and landforms are present. Younger-age sedimentary coastal plains in the south and east abut the older, folded and faulted sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks of the Appalachian Mountains that reach elevations over 2,000 m. A mixed lime-stone-dolomite terrain of plains and hills dominate much of the central part of the region, with other sedimentary rock found on the plateaux and plains in the north and west. Glacially derived materials and landforms and areas of glacial lake deposits shape the landscape in the north. Soils are mostly leached, being nutrient-poor to calcium-rich. Surface waters are characterized by an abundance of perennial streams, small areas with high densities of lakes, a diversity of wetland communities and a rich array of maritime ecosystems.The climate is generally warm, humid and temperate, although there is a latitudinal gradient from cool, continental temperatures to those that are subtropical. Summers are hot and humid, and winters are mild to cool. The average daily minimum temperature in winter is –12°C in the north and 4°C in the south. Average daily maximum summer temperatures are 27°C to 32°C. Precipitation amounts of 1,000-1,500 mm per year are relatively evenly distributed throughout the year, with most areas having either a summer or spring maximum.
Biological settingThe Eastern Temperate Forests form a dense forest canopy consisting mostly of tall broadleaf, deciduous trees and needle-leaf conifers. Beech-maple and maple-basswood forest types oc-cur widely especially in the eastern reaches of this region, mixed oak-hickory associations are common in the Upper Midwest, changing into oak-hickory-pine mixed forests in the south and the Appalachians. These forests have a diversity of tree, shrub, vine and herb layers. While vari-ous species of oaks, hickories, maples and pines are common, other wide-ranging tree species include ashes, elms, black cherry, yellow poplar, sweet gum, basswood, hackberry, common per-simmon, eastern red cedar and fl owering dogwood. A key tree species, the American chestnut, was virtually eliminated from the Eastern Temperate Forests in the fi rst half of the twentieth century by an introduced fungus. Two essentials for wildlife—food and shelter—are relatively abundant in the Eastern Temperate Forests. Because it is a signifi cant evolutionary area for the continent’s fauna, the region contains a great diversity of species within several groups of ani-mals. Mammals of the region include the white-footed mouse, gray squirrel, eastern chipmunk, raccoon, porcupine, gray fox, bobcat, white-tailed deer and black bear. The region has extremely diverse populations of birds, fi sh, reptiles and amphibians.
Human activitiesIn the past, woodland indigenous cultures incorporated a mixture of hunting, gathering and ag-ricultural activities. Food sources included deer, small mammals, fi sh, shellfi sh, wild fruits and vegetables, and crops such as corn, beans, squash and tobacco were grown. Annual or occasional fi res were used to clear the forest understory for ease of travel, preparation of cropland, or to encourage growth of forage plants for both wild game and human consumption. The shift from Indian to European dominance led to more extensive forest clearing, burning, and conversion to pasturage and cropland.Several valley and plain areas continue today as rich, productive cropland, while other cleared ar-eas have reverted to mixed forest. Pine plantations for pulp and paper are common in the South. With a historical concentration of the continent’s political, economic and industrial power, the region’s landscape was also transformed by extensive manufacturing and urbanization. This ur-ban population occupies the mid-Atlantic megalopolis from Boston to Washington, DC; the large urban areas near the Great Lakes such as Chicago, Detroit, Toronto and Montreal; and hundreds of smaller cities and towns. Approximately 160 million people, more than 40 percent of North America’s population, live in this region.
EASTERN TEMPERATE FORESTS
There are many reasons to include a green roof on a building, including controlling storm water runoff , mitigating urban heat-island eff ects and creating wildlife habitat. Looking at the volume and distribution of rainfall on the site, along with temperature and solar radiation, will help give a sense of what type of green roof is appropriate for the site.
15.7% INTERNAL HEAT GAIN (1371 HRS)The heat added to the building by internal loads such as lights, people, and equipment which will help keep the building comfortable when the outside temperature is low.
4.9% CONVENTIONAL COOLING (433 HRS)The hours of the year for which it is estimated that passive strategies alone will not bring the building into the comfort zone and mechanical cooling may be required. Note: this value does not include the eff ects of Internal Heat Gain which could be substantial for some building types.
The hours of the year during which mechanical heating may be required to bring the building into the comfort zone. Note: this value includes the eff ects of Internal Heat Gain.
57.7% CONVENTIONAL HEATING (5053HRS)
--------------------------- --------------------------- ----------- --------------- -------------
----------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------
----------- -------------------------------------------------------- -----------
-------------------------------------------
JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR
25
F
H
Temperature is the primary climatic element that contributes to human comfort.
Temperature can be a liability in both hot and cold climates especially if it is consistently too hot or consistently too cold.
Day to night (diurnal) temperature swings can be an asset if mass construction is used to even out interior temperature.
Opening up to the assets of climate and closing down to its liabilities is the basis of passive design.
To feel comfortable, both the temperature and humidity must be within their comfort zones. Thus excessively high or low humidity can push otherwise comfortable temperatures to feel uncomfortable.
High humidity is a liability because it reduces the eff ectiveness of sweating to cool the body by preventing the evaporation of perspiration from the skin, causing people to feel hotter than they would at the same temperature if humidity was low.
Moisture (humidity) can be an asset by evaporating in hot, dry climates to cool and humidify the air.
Wind can extend the comfort zone by cooling high temperatures.
Wind is a liability in cold climates because it carries away heat more quickly than usual. Wind can also be a liability to comfort in hot, dry climates when winds cause one to dehydrate and consequently overheat.
Wind can be an asset in hot, humid climates to provide natural ventilation.
JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR
111 W Wacker Dr. Chicago IL USA60601
Chicago Ohare Intl Ap,IL 41.98° NORTH, 87.92° WEST
-6 TMY3 659 ft
41.88° NORTH, 87.63° WEST
PROJECT LOCATION (National Map) PROJECT LOCATION (County/City) PROJECT LOCATION (Site)
AVERAGE DAILY LOW
AVERAGE DAILY HIGH
DAILY AVERAGE
AVERAGE
DESIGN LOW
DESIGN HIGH
JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR
°F
0°
20°
40°
60°
80°
100°
UNITS: mph
0 mph
5 mph
10 mph
15 mph
20 mph
ABOVE 5MPH CAN BE USED FOR NATURAL COOLING
UNITS: inches
0 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0
2
4
6
8
10
TEMPLATE - 01 APRIL 2009
ENVIRONMENTAL MAPPINGENTER
1. LOCATION AND REFERENCE POINT
ECOSYSTEM
2. SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL GRAPHS
For more information, please visit http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/ecoregions/map_eco.htm
4. SITE SPECIFIC PASSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN GUIDELINES
3. SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIES
3.2% COMFORT (278 HRS)The hours of the year during which the outside conditions are comfortable and so there is no need for modifi cation.
DESIGN STRATEGIES FOUR BASE CLIMATE CONDITIONS AND FOUR PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES BASED ON A FULL YEAR - 8760 HOURS ( JANUARY THROUGH DECEMBER )
Lower the indoor temperature at night to reduce heating energy consumption (lower thermostat heating setback)
DESIGN GUIDELINES
MON
FAN
AUTO
PM
DONE EDIT WAKE LEAVE RETURN SLEEP CANCEL
HEAT
COOLTIME
CANCELPERIOD
TUE WED THU FRI SAT SUN
LOWER HEAT SETTING TO 55°F (13°C) WHEN BUILDING IS NOT OCCUPIED
RAISE COOLING SETTING TO 85°F (30°C) WHEN BUILDING IS NOT OCCUPIED
EMPTY
85 O
O
O
O
O
O
O
80
75
70
65
60
55
MIDNIGHT 6AM 8AM NOON 6PM MIDNIGHT
COME-IN WORK LEAVE
11:00
55 O
80 O
For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/
For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/
TOP TEN DESIGN GUIDELINES BASED ON A FULL YEAR ( JANUARY THROUGH DECEMBER )
8.9% Natural Ventilation Cooling (779 HRS) 13.1% Sun Shading (1151 HRS)
28.2% Humidifi cation (2469 HRS) 9.2% Passive Solar Direct Gain Low Mass (808 HRS)
During hot humid times air motion is one of the few ways to produce a cooling eff ect on the hu-man body. During these hours there is enough wind to produce a cooling eff ect but not so much as to be uncomfortable.
The air is too dry for comfort and would need to have moisture added. Note that enough mois-ture is often added to the air by human occupants (expiration, perspiration, use of water) so that in modern well-sealed buildings mechanical humidifi cation is usually not needed.
When the temperature is above the minimum required for comfort, any solar radiation that en-ters the building will not contribute to comfort and probably will contribute to overheating the space. Any hours where the temperature is above the minimum required for comfort are good candidates for sun shading.
If the building has the right amount of sun-facing glass with shading that blocks direct solar gain when it is not needed, then passive solar heating can be used to raise internal temperatures. Low mass buildings have a relatively short thermal time lag (on the order of 3 hours), so it is the solar radiation from 3 hours prior that eff ects the current hour.
Extra insulation (super insulation) might prove cost eff ective, and will increase occupant comfort by keeping indoor temperatures more uniform
Sunny wind-protected outdoor spaces can extend living areas in cool weather Good natural ventilation can reduce or eliminate air conditioning in warm weather if windows are well shaded and oriented to prevailing breezes
Organize fl oor plan so winter sun penetrates into daytime use spaces with specifi c functions that coincide with solar orientation
Window overhangs (designed for this latitude) or operable sunshades (extend in summer, retract in winter) can reduce or eliminate air conditioning
Insulating blinds or heavy draperies will help reduce winter night time heat losses Exterior wind shields and planting can protect entries from cold winter winds
Heat gain from equipment, lights and occupants will greatly reduce heating needs, so keep home tight and well insulated (use ventilation in summer)
High effi ciency furnace (at least energy star) should prove cost eff ective
COMFORT
UNITS: hoursSOLAR RADIATION
0
For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
UNITS:TEMPERATURE
COMFORT ZONE
JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFor more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/
Text for this area is taken from ‘Passive Guidelines for Building Passive Energy Conserving Homes’ by the AIA Research Corporation 1979
FEB MAR APR
UNITS: daysPRECIPITATION
0
PRIMARY COMFORT ELEMENTS ABOVE
PASSIVE OPPORTUNITIES BELOW
RELATIVE HUMIDITY
COMFORT ZONE
0%JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/
FEB MAR APR
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
FULL SUN HOURS/DAYHOURLY
MONTHLY AVERAGES
RAIN DAYS
MONTHLY AVERAGES
WIND SPEEDS
WIND
For more information, please use Climate Consultant 4.0 at: http://www2.aud.ucla.edu/energy-design-tools/
Solar radiation can extend the comfort zone by heating cool temperatures.
The sun can be used as an asset in cool and cold climates to provide passive heating to reduce heating loads, but can be a signifi cant liability in hot climates where it can quickly overheat a building.
JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR
GREEN ROOF
PRECIPITATIONVOLUME OF RAIN
LOCATION STREET CITY STATE COUNTRYPOSTAL CODE
REFERENCE POINT REFERENCE POINT LATITUDE / LONGITUDE
TIME ZONE DATA SOURCE ELEVATION
* METEOROLOGICAL DATA REFERENCE POINT
LATITUDE / LONGITUDE
RAIN
FORE
STG
RASS
LAN
DS
DES
ERT
ANNUAL
5
10
15
20
30
This ecological region extends from the Great Lakes in the north to the Gulf of Mexico in the south. From the Atlantic Coast, it extends westward approximately 620 km into eastern Texas,Oklahoma, Missouri, Iowa and Minnesota. The region is distinguished by its moderate to mildly humid climate, its relatively dense and diverse forest cover, and its high density of hu-maninhabitants that approximates 160 million. Urban industries, agriculture and some forestry are major activities.
Physical settingA variety of geologic materials and landforms are present. Younger-age sedimentary coastal plains in the south and east abut the older, folded and faulted sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks of the Appalachian Mountains that reach elevations over 2,000 m. A mixed lime-stone-dolomite terrain of plains and hills dominate much of the central part of the region, with other sedimentary rock found on the plateaux and plains in the north and west. Glacially derived materials and landforms and areas of glacial lake deposits shape the landscape in the north. Soils are mostly leached, being nutrient-poor to calcium-rich. Surface waters are characterized by an abundance of perennial streams, small areas with high densities of lakes, a diversity of wetland communities and a rich array of maritime ecosystems.The climate is generally warm, humid and temperate, although there is a latitudinal gradient from cool, continental temperatures to those that are subtropical. Summers are hot and humid, and winters are mild to cool. The average daily minimum temperature in winter is –12°C in the north and 4°C in the south. Average daily maximum summer temperatures are 27°C to 32°C. Precipitation amounts of 1,000-1,500 mm per year are relatively evenly distributed throughout the year, with most areas having either a summer or spring maximum.
Biological settingThe Eastern Temperate Forests form a dense forest canopy consisting mostly of tall broadleaf, deciduous trees and needle-leaf conifers. Beech-maple and maple-basswood forest types oc-cur widely especially in the eastern reaches of this region, mixed oak-hickory associations are common in the Upper Midwest, changing into oak-hickory-pine mixed forests in the south and the Appalachians. These forests have a diversity of tree, shrub, vine and herb layers. While vari-ous species of oaks, hickories, maples and pines are common, other wide-ranging tree species include ashes, elms, black cherry, yellow poplar, sweet gum, basswood, hackberry, common per-simmon, eastern red cedar and fl owering dogwood. A key tree species, the American chestnut, was virtually eliminated from the Eastern Temperate Forests in the fi rst half of the twentieth century by an introduced fungus. Two essentials for wildlife—food and shelter—are relatively abundant in the Eastern Temperate Forests. Because it is a signifi cant evolutionary area for the continent’s fauna, the region contains a great diversity of species within several groups of ani-mals. Mammals of the region include the white-footed mouse, gray squirrel, eastern chipmunk, raccoon, porcupine, gray fox, bobcat, white-tailed deer and black bear. The region has extremely diverse populations of birds, fi sh, reptiles and amphibians.
Human activitiesIn the past, woodland indigenous cultures incorporated a mixture of hunting, gathering and ag-ricultural activities. Food sources included deer, small mammals, fi sh, shellfi sh, wild fruits and vegetables, and crops such as corn, beans, squash and tobacco were grown. Annual or occasional fi res were used to clear the forest understory for ease of travel, preparation of cropland, or to encourage growth of forage plants for both wild game and human consumption. The shift from Indian to European dominance led to more extensive forest clearing, burning, and conversion to pasturage and cropland.Several valley and plain areas continue today as rich, productive cropland, while other cleared ar-eas have reverted to mixed forest. Pine plantations for pulp and paper are common in the South. With a historical concentration of the continent’s political, economic and industrial power, the region’s landscape was also transformed by extensive manufacturing and urbanization. This ur-ban population occupies the mid-Atlantic megalopolis from Boston to Washington, DC; the large urban areas near the Great Lakes such as Chicago, Detroit, Toronto and Montreal; and hundreds of smaller cities and towns. Approximately 160 million people, more than 40 percent of North America’s population, live in this region.
EASTERN TEMPERATE FORESTS
There are many reasons to include a green roof on a building, including controlling storm water runoff , mitigating urban heat-island eff ects and creating wildlife habitat. Looking at the volume and distribution of rainfall on the site, along with temperature and solar radiation, will help give a sense of what type of green roof is appropriate for the site.
15.7% INTERNAL HEAT GAIN (1371 HRS)The heat added to the building by internal loads such as lights, people, and equipment which will help keep the building comfortable when the outside temperature is low.
4.9% CONVENTIONAL COOLING (433 HRS)The hours of the year for which it is estimated that passive strategies alone will not bring the building into the comfort zone and mechanical cooling may be required. Note: this value does not include the eff ects of Internal Heat Gain which could be substantial for some building types.
The hours of the year during which mechanical heating may be required to bring the building into the comfort zone. Note: this value includes the eff ects of Internal Heat Gain.
57.7% CONVENTIONAL HEATING (5053HRS)
--------------------------- --------------------------- ----------- --------------- -------------
----------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------
----------- -------------------------------------------------------- -----------
-------------------------------------------
JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR
25
F
H
Temperature is the primary climatic element that contributes to human comfort.
Temperature can be a liability in both hot and cold climates especially if it is consistently too hot or consistently too cold.
Day to night (diurnal) temperature swings can be an asset if mass construction is used to even out interior temperature.
Opening up to the assets of climate and closing down to its liabilities is the basis of passive design.
To feel comfortable, both the temperature and humidity must be within their comfort zones. Thus excessively high or low humidity can push otherwise comfortable temperatures to feel uncomfortable.
High humidity is a liability because it reduces the eff ectiveness of sweating to cool the body by preventing the evaporation of perspiration from the skin, causing people to feel hotter than they would at the same temperature if humidity was low.
Moisture (humidity) can be an asset by evaporating in hot, dry climates to cool and humidify the air.
Wind can extend the comfort zone by cooling high temperatures.
Wind is a liability in cold climates because it carries away heat more quickly than usual. Wind can also be a liability to comfort in hot, dry climates when winds cause one to dehydrate and consequently overheat.
Wind can be an asset in hot, humid climates to provide natural ventilation.
JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR
111 W Wacker Dr. Chicago IL USA60601
Chicago Ohare Intl Ap,IL 41.98° NORTH, 87.92° WEST
-6 TMY3 659 ft
41.88° NORTH, 87.63° WEST
PROJECT LOCATION (National Map) PROJECT LOCATION (County/City) PROJECT LOCATION (Site)
AVERAGE DAILY LOW
AVERAGE DAILY HIGH
DAILY AVERAGE
AVERAGE
DESIGN LOW
DESIGN HIGH
JAN MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECFEB MAR APR
°F
0°
20°
40°
60°
80°
100°
UNITS: mph
0 mph
5 mph
10 mph
15 mph
20 mph
ABOVE 5MPH CAN BE USED FOR NATURAL COOLING
UNITS: inches
0 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0
2
4
6
8
10
cOmFOrT
lOcATiOn
reFerence POinT
mOnTHly AVerAge
mOnTHly AVerAges
WinDsPeeDs
25 StORy NEW OFFICE BuILDING
Know your micro-climate
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future Bim and energy modeling
Gensler Page 5COB2020 STRAWMAN CHALLENGE REPOSITIONING LOS ANGELES
UP
UP
UP
5 8 10 13 15 18 20
G
E
D
C
A
4
H
217 9 11 12 14 16 19
3837 SF
North1
3967 SF
South2
1971 SF
East3
1636 SF
West4
3023 SF
Core5
2' -
6"27
' - 6
"27
' - 6
"27
' - 6
"14
' - 0
"
86' -
6 3
/4"
169' - 1 1/2"
2' - 0 3/4" 27' - 6" 27' - 6" 27' - 6" 27' - 6" 27' - 6" 20' - 3" 7' - 3"2' - 0 3/4"
PLAN & SECTION OF FLOORS 6-12 Floors 6-1212 Story Tower with Parking below
Overall Area: 173,208 sq ftArea per Floor: 14,434 sq ft
Overall core Area:36,276 sq ftArea of core per Floor: 3,023 sq ft
Level 10' - 0"
Level 320' - 0"
Level 430' - 0"
Level 540' - 0"
Level 650' - 0"
Level 763' - 0"
Level 876' - 0"
Level 989' - 0"
Level 10102' - 0"
Level 11115' - 0"
Level 12128' - 0"
Level 13141' - 0"
Level 14154' - 0"
Level 15167' - 0"
Roof206' - 6"
Level 16180' - 0"
Level 17193' - 0"
T.O. Lower Parapet211' - 6"
GEDC
3837 SF
North1
3967 SF
South2
3023 SF
Core5
3838 SF
North6
3967 SF
South7
3022 SF
Core10
3838 SF
North11
3967 SF
South12
3022 SF
Core15
3838 SF
North16
3967 SF
South17
3022 SF
Core20
3838 SF
North21
3967 SF
South22
3022 SF
Core25
3838 SF
North26
3967 SF
South27
3022 SF
Core30
3838 SF
North31
3967 SF
South32
3022 SF
Core35
3838 SF
North36
3967 SF
South37
3022 SF
Core40
3838 SF
North41
3967 SF
South42
3022 SF
Core45
3838 SF
North46
3967 SF
South47
3022 SF
Core50
3838 SF
North51
3967 SF
South52
3022 SF
Core55
3838 SF
North56
3967 SF
South57
3022 SF
Core60
H
5' -
0"13
' - 6
"13
' - 0
"13
' - 0
"13
' - 0
"13
' - 0
"13
' - 0
"13
' - 0
"13
' - 0
"13
' - 0
"13
' - 0
"13
' - 0
"13
' - 0
"10
' - 0
"10
' - 0
"10
' - 0
"20
' - 0
"
Project/Run: 11 Wacker Tower DC1 - Baseline Design Run Date/Time: 03/31/10 @ 10:48
eQUEST 3.63.6510 Monthly Utility Bills - All Rates Page 1
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Monthly Utility Bills ($)
Total Annual Bill Across All Rates: $ 1,539,860
Electricity-Hotel (annual bill: $ 2,841) Natural Gas-Hotel (annual bill: $ 304,032)Natural Gas-Offices (annual bill: $ 203,646) Electricity -Offices (annual bill: $ 1,029,341)
(x000)
Cogen 200kW for Hotel Only
leverage the new Tools
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future Daylighting Analysis
Gensler
(ies, ecotect)
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future Daylighting & comfort Analysis
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future Work Place Optimization
research informed design
Gensler
support areas
meeting areas
workstation/desk
common areas
private/shared office
Work Modes | Work Setting Effectiveness by Work Mode
“How effective are the following settings for the work performed there?”
focus
not effective highly effective
0
10
10
10
10
0
0
0
focus time spent
percentage of time spent in mode per work week
Your Company
Top Ranked Companies
Industry Average
Your Company
Top Ranked Companies
Industry Average
3.4
5.6
5.6
4.6
5.4
7.6
6.4
8.1
7.6
6.5
8.6
9.2
8.6
7.8
8.4
89%
9%
1%
.3%
.8%
67.9
7
How effectively does each work setting support focus work?
Where do employees spend their time working?
What spaces deserve the most attention?
tHE 2008 WORkPLACE SuRVEy
commissioned Dr Added Value to conduct a survey of 900 full-time, in-office workers in the U.s. & U.K.
represented 8 industries and a variety of office and company sizes.
(WPi, Workplace survey)
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future Work modes
THE KEY TO A BETTER WORKPLACE IS UNDERSTANDING THE WAYS PEOPLE WORK
COLLAbORATEINNOVATIVE CAPITAL
WORKING WITH ANOTHER PERSON OR GROUP TO ACHIEVE A GOAL
SOCIALIzESOCIAL CAPITAL
WORK INTERACTIONS THAT CREATE COMMON bONDS AND VALUES, COLLECTIVE IDENTITY, COLLEGIALITY AND PRODUCTIVE RELATIONSHIPS
FOCUSPRODUCTIVE CAPITAL
WORK INVOLVING CONCENTRATION AND ATTENTION TO A PARTICULAR TASK OR PROjECT
LEARNINTELLECTUAL CAPITAL
WORKING TO ACqUIRE NEW KNOWLEDGE OF A SUbjECT OR SKILL THROUGH EDUCATION OR ExPERIENCE
(WPi, Workplace survey)
Primary Workspace
Meeting Area
Training Area
Common Area
87% 85% 85%79%
74% 75% 76%
66%
FOCUS COLLABORATE LEARN SOCIALIZE
Working with another person or a group to achieve a task, project or goal.
Concentrating and devoting uninterrupted, solo effort to a particular task or project.
Acquiring a skill or developing work-oriented knowledge through formal or informal training, education or experience.
Interacting in ways that add value to an enterprise through the creation of productive human relationships.
Gensler | 2008 U.S. Workplace Survey
SUCCESS IN A KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY MEANS WORKING DIFFERENTLY
Through our research and project experience, Gensler has established a key connecting point for all knowledge economy companies. Four work modes—focus, collaborate, learn and socialize—are the shared language of knowledge economy workplaces, and are central to our 2008 survey research.
Our findings show a picture of the knowledge workplace that is filled with varied and dynamic interactions and not just long hours of solitary work—collaborating, learning, and socializing are as important to individual job performance as focus work.
We found that employees at top-performing companies not only spend more time collaborating and learning, they consider that time more critical to job success than do their peers at average companies, who remain focus work-centered.
TOP COMPANIES COLLABORATE MORETop-performing companies collaborate 23% more time than average companies and consider collaboration more than twice as critical to job success.
LEARNING IS FAR MORE IMPORTANT TO TOP COMPANIESLearning is 80% more critical to job success at top-performing companies than at average companies, which spend 40% less time learning.
TOP-PERFORMING COMPANIES VALUE SOCIALIZINGOverturning the notion that socializing is a time-waster rather than a business asset, top-performing companies socialize 16% more than average companies. Further, they consider it almost three times more critical than average companies, the largest gap among all of the work mode comparisons.
TIme SPenT
41%
21% less time
50%
CrITICaLITy
43%
104% more critical
21%
CrITICaLITy
36%
80% more critical
20%
CrITICaLITy
20%
185% more critical
7%
TOP-PERFORMING COMPANIES DESIGN MORE EFFECTIVE WORKPLACES TO SUPPORT ALL WORK MODES
WORKPLACE PERFORMANCE INDEXSM
Our findings clearly show that top-performing companies do a better job helping their people perform at higher levels by designing effective workplaces that allow people to spend higher-quality time in the work modes that matter most to their job success.
Top company work spaces are much more effective for supporting knowledge work, particularly the collaborate, learn, and socialize modes that are the hallmark of their different approach to doing business. All spaces are rated effective by 79% or more, compared to average companies whose workplaces fall short of being fully effective by as much as 34 points.
Top-performing Companies average Companies
Focus Collaborate Learn Socialize
86% 86%83% 82%
78%72% 70%
68%
WORKPLACE EFFECTIVENESS: BY SPACE TYPE WORKPLACE EFFECTIVENESS: BY WORK MODE
Gensler created the Workplace Performance IndexSM (WPI) measurement and analysis tool for work environments to help clients understand what comprises space effectiveness in their workplaces. The WPI survey is a web-enabled pre- and post-occupancy evaluation tool that creates an index based on work mode criticality, work space effectiveness for work modes, and time spent, as well as the quality of physical attributes of space such as layout, air/light quality, storage, furniture, privacy/access and other factors. The 2008 Workplace Survey responses are now part of Gensler’s global database that provides clients with comparative information for benchmarking purposes.
Where did our survey respondents land on the WPI scale, in which 100 is a perfect score? The WPI score for all survey respondents was 67. Separating top-ranked companies from average showed a 16-point gap in WPI score, with top companies at 80.
98 Highest
WPI Score 16 point gap
Top-Performing WPI Score
average Companies WPI Score
8Lowest WPI Score
80
64
Top-performing Companies average Companies
FOCuS LEARNINGCOLLABORAtION SOCIALIzING
Top performing companies spend less time in focus mode
-21%
Top performing companies spend more time collaborating
+23%
Top performing companies spend more time learning
+40%
Top performing companies spend more time socializing
+16%
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future Work modes(WPi, Workplace survey)
SUCCESS IN A KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY MEANS WORKING DIFFERENTLY
21% less time
104% more critical
80% more critical
185% more critical
TOP-PERFORMING COMPANIES DESIGN MORE EFFECTIVE WORKPLACES TO SUPPORT ALL WORK MODES
WORKPLACE PERFORMANCE INDEXSM
Top-performing Companies average Companiesaverage Companiesaverage Companiesaverage Companiesaverage Companies
Top-Performing WPI Score
64
Top-performing Companies
SUCCESS IN A KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY MEANS WORKING DIFFERENTLY
21% less time
104% more critical
80% more critical
185% more critical
TOP-PERFORMING COMPANIES DESIGN MORE EFFECTIVE WORKPLACES TO SUPPORT ALL WORK MODES
WORKPLACE PERFORMANCE INDEXSM
Top-performing Companies
Focus Collaborate Learn Socialize
86% 86%83% 82%
78%72% 70%
68%
WORKPLACE EFFECTIVENESS: WORKPLACE EFFECTIVENESS: WORKPLACE EFFECTIVENESS: BY WORK MODEBY WORK MODEBY WORK MODEBY WORK MODEBY WORK MODE
Top-Performing WPI Score
64
Top-performing Companies
Top-Performing companies design more effective workplaces to support all workmodes.
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future Work modes(WPi, Workplace survey)
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future The Workplace network
Focus work can happen anywhere. As a center for collaboration, learning, and socializing, the future workplace supports the interactive work modes and leverages surrounding amenities for an expanded network.
FOCUS
LEARN
COLLABORATE
SOCIALIZE
TOP PERFORMING COMPANIES
AVERAGE COMPANIES
2020COBAPRIL 2009
The Workplace Network
FOCUS
Focus work can happen anywhere. As a center for collaboration, learning, and socializing, the future workplace supports the interactive work modes and leverages surrounding amenities for an expanded network.
FOCUS
LEARN
COLLABORATE
SOCIALIZE
TOP PERFORMING COMPANIES
AVERAGE COMPANIES
FOCUSFOCUSFOCUS
LEARN
SOCIALIZE
SOCIALIZE
COLLABORATECOLLABORATECOLLABORATE
FOCUS
2020COBAPRIL 2009
Outside the cube...
BETTER FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
HIGHER WPI SCORE
DELIVERS
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
00-40% 41-50% 51-60% 61-70% 71-80% 81-90% 91-100%
(WPI Score)
(Profit increase)
14.4%
28.2%
Three-Year Annual Average Profit Growth vs. WPI Score
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future Work modes(WPi, Workplace survey)
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future global reach
HOLIStIC DESIGN APPROACH PrOJecT exAmPlesEncanaCathay BankPort of Long Beach
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the FutureDesigning the High Performance Office Building of the FutureDesigning the High Performance Office Building of the Future
encana Denver, CO
+9 %Increase in
collaborative space
-4 %Decrease in
Focus space
+25 %Increase in
learning space
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future encana Denver, CO
measuring the intangibles
31 %Increase in
creativeThinking
32 %Increase in
knowledge sharing and collaboration 24 %
think that
People are the most valuable asset
16 %Increase in
workplace effectiveness
74 %Increase in
employee engagement
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future cathay Bank El Monte, CA
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future cathay Bank El Monte, CA
BUILDING RE-CLAD CATHAY BANK HEADQUARTERS
2020COBAPRIL 2009
AUTHOR: David Herjeczki, Los Angeles
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future cathay Bank El Monte, CA
building skin enhancemenTs
Cathay Bank bought an old, awkward building along the San
Bernardino Freeway in el Monte. Gensler gutted and
re-proportioned the building to create a distinctive, high-
performance workplace.
Our innovative design solution overcame the main technical
challenge of supporting a floor-to-ceiling curtain wall on an
existing concrete slab and frame system that was not originally
built to have one. New concrete filled steel pans extend the
floor slabs to carry the curtain wall. after the new curtain wall
was attached, a modest gain in usable floor area was also
realized.
In the reborn building: through floor-to-ceiling glass, daylight
penetrates deeper into the office floor plate and views out are
also enhanced. New spectrally selective glass allows more
than twice as much daylight in per square foot without any
additional heat gain. Twenty percent of the lights in the office
are now switched off by a perimeter daylight sensing control
system. The energy savings offset the cost of the system in less
than two years.
building idenTiTy
Our team took advantage of the existing view corridor and the
newly opened facade to create a large-scale mural spanning
the 5-story interior of the building. The mural had to work at
both macro and micro scale to address both long and intimate
viewing distances. We designed an iconic koi fish to symbolize
good fortune, an important value of the client’s brand. The
illustrative style of the koi is representative of the intricate
filigree found on currency.1
2
3
sTrucTural modificaTions
unboned Diagonal Bracing at interior Column Line
New Columns and Beams inboard of existing frame
floor reinforcement
expanded footing4
12
3
4
31% reduction in energy use
47% savings in interior lighting
65% reduction in water use
cathay bank headquartersel monte, Ca, usa
building repositioning traNsform
BUILDING RE-CLAD CATHAY BANK HEADQUARTERS
2020COBAPRIL 2009
AUTHOR: David Herjeczki, Los Angeles
BUILDING RE-CLAD CATHAY BANK HEADQUARTERS
2020COBAPRIL 2009
AUTHOR: David Herjeczki, Los Angeles
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future cathay Bank El Monte, CA
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future Port of long Beach Long Beach, CA
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future Port of long Beach Long Beach, CA
75’-85’
14’-6” 9’-6”
DAyDAyDA LiGHT PENETRATiON
75’
S
N
W
E
N
S
15°
30°
45°
60°
75°
90°
105°
120°
135°
150°
165°180°
195°
210°
225°
240°
255°
270°
285°
300°
315°
330°
345°
W E
Summer
Winter
Orientation & configuration
• 9 Story, 250,000 Sq/Ft Office Headquarters
• East/West Orientation
• Narrow Floor Plate to Optimize Daylighting and Views
• South and North Facades are Articulated Differently
• To Control Heat Gain & Maximize Daylight
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future Port of long Beach Long Beach, CA
Daylighting
75’
DRAFT 2
PV INTEGRATEDSuN SHADE
SHADOWBOX
DRAFT 2
ROLLER SHADE
PV INTEGRATEDSuN SHADE
LiGHT REFLECTiNGLOUVER
GLAZEDALuMiNuMuNiTiZED CuRTAiN WALL
82%Usable square feetis day lit
• High performance glass manages solar radiation
• “Light Louvers” reflects light deep into the center of
the space and reduces light electricity by 45%
• PV Integrated sunshades block strong summer
solar radiation
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future Port of long Beach Long Beach, CA
Photovoltaics- renewable energy
PV INTEGRATED SUNSHADES
PV INTEGRATES SKYLIGHT
3 yearyearyPayback Period
• 49.9% Reduction in Energy use
• 24% of Building’s energy is from on-site renewables
(photovoltaics)
• 3 year pay-back for sunshades
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future Port of long Beach Long Beach, CA
collaboration- Workmodes & Amenities
ATRiuM SPACE
Gensler
Port of Long Beach, Administration Building 05.4194.000 16 March, 2007Perspective of 2-Story Space
ROOFTOP
• Atrium spaces encourage collaboration &
Socializing
• 13% of all interior space use as atrium
collaboration space
• 15% of building is amenity and community functions
Designing the High Performance Office Building of the Future Port of long Beach Long Beach, CA
RaisedFloor&Flexibility
DRAFT 2
RAiSED ACCESSFLOOR
MOVABLEWALL
RAiSED ACCESSFLOOR
• Increase Flexibility
• Increase Controllability
• Increase churn costs
• Decrease churn speed
• Decrease cooling load
• 8 degrees warmer air supply
0%waste for re-stacking & remodeling
Thank you!