uses ot for managers

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Chapter 1

In form at ion Tech no logy :Princ iples , Prac t ices , an d

Oppor tuni t ies


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Objectives

Describe the six characteristics of theInformation Age and discuss the role ofinformation technology as the principal tool ofthe Information Age.

Explain the three primary components ofinformation technology.

Identify the six information-handling functionsand the four benefits of information technology.


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Objectives

Summarize the principles of businessreengineering, while emphasizing the potentialbenefits to people and business.

Discuss the types of opportunities thatinformation technology offers to people.

Describe the responsibilities of people who useinformation technology.


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Welcome to the Information AgeThe Evolution of the Information Age

Ag r icu l tura l Ag e: The period up to the 1800s,when the majority of workers were farmers whoselives revolved around agriculture.

Ind us tr ia l A ge: The period from the 1800s to 1957,when work processes were simplified throughmechanization and automation.


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Welcome to the Information Age The Evolution of the Information Age

(Continued) In form ation Ag e: The period that began in 1957,

in which the majority of workers are involved inthe creation, distribution, and application ofinformation.

Kno wledge Workers : Workers involved in thecreation, distribution, and application ofinformation.


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Welcome to the Information AgeThe Evolution of the Information Age

(Continued)


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Welcome to the Information AgeThe Characteristics of the Information Age

(Continued) An information-based society has arisen.

In form at ion Socie ty : A society in which morepeople work at handling information than atagriculture and manufacturing combined.

Businesses depend on information technology toget their work done.


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(Continued) Work processes are being transformed to

increase productivity. Work Processes : The combination of activities

that workers perform, the way they performthose activities, and the tools they use. Produ ct iv i ty : The relationship between the

results of an activity (output) and theresources used to create those results(inputs).

Effect iv eness: The extent to which desirableresults are achieved.


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(Continued)


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Information technology provides the means torethink/recreate/reengineer conventional businessprocesses .

Reeng ineering: The reshaping of business processes toremove barriers that prohibit an organization fromproviding better products and services and to help theorganization capitalize on its strengths.

Bus iness Processes : Collections of activities, oftenspanning several departments, that take one or morekinds of input and create a result that is of value to acompanys customers.


(Continued)


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(Continued)


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Success in business is largely determined by theeffectiveness with which information technologyis used.

Information technology is embedded in manyproducts and services.



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Reengineering efforts to attain greaterproductivity:

Ind us t r ial Ag e - Division of Labor: Separationof work process into component task, withdifferent workers specializing in each of thetasks.

In form at ion Ag e Teamwork, Interconnection,

and Shared Information.


(Continued)


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14Senn, Information Technology, 3rd

Edition 2004 Pearson Prentice Hall


(Continued)


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What is Information Technology?Definition

A term used to refer to a wide variety of itemsand abilities used in the creation, storage, anddispersal of data and information. Its threemain components are computers,communications networks, and know-how.


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What is Information Technology?Definition (Continued)

Data: Raw facts, figures, and details.

In format ion: An organized, meaningful, anduseful interpretation of data.

Kn ow ledge : An awareness and understanding ofa set of information and how that information canbe put to the best use.


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What is Information Technology?Definition (Continued)


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What is Information Technology?Computers

An electronic system that can be instructed toaccept, process, store, and present data andinformation.

Computers come in four sizes: Microcomputers Midrange computers Mainframes Supercomputers


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What is Information Technology? Computers (Continued)

Microcomputers: A relatively compact type of computer, themost common of all, easily outsells all other types ofcomputers annually for use in business and at home.

Five types of Microcomputers: Desktop Computers Notebook Computers/Laptop Computers Tablet PCs Personal Digital Assistants Palm PCs


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Midrange com pu ters and Mainf ram es : Acomputer uses to interconnect people and largesets of information. More powerful than a

microcomputer, the minicomputer is usuallydedicated to performing specific functions.

Supercomp uter s : The most powerful of all

computers, supercomputers were designed tosolve problems consisting of long and difficultcalculations.


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What is Information Technology?Computers (Continued)

Hardware: The computer and its associatedequipment.

Program: A set of instructions that directs acomputer to perform certain tasks and producecertain results.

Sof tware: The general term for a set ofinstructions that controls a computer or acommunications network.


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Sys tem: A set of components that interact toaccomplish a purpose.

In form ation Sys tem: A business informationsystem designed to produce the informationneeded for successful management of astructured problem, process, department, or

business.


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What is Information Technology?Computers (Computers)


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What is Information Technology?Communications Networks

Communica t i on : The sending and receiving of data andinformation over a communications network.

Comm unica t ions Netwo rk : A set of locations, or nodes,consisting of hardware, programs, and information linkedtogether as a system that transmits and receives data andinformation.

Data Comm unica t ion : The transmission of data andinformation through a communications medium.


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What is Information Technology?Know-How

The capability to do something well.

Information technology know-how consists of: Familiarity with the tools of IT; including the

Internet Possession of the skills needed to use these

tools An understanding of when to use IT to solve a

problem or create an opportunity


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The Principles of Information TechnologyThe Functions of Information Technology


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Capture: The process of compiling detailed records ofactivities.

P rocess ing : The process of converting, analyzing,computing, and synthesizing all forms of data orinformation.

Data Processing Information Processing Word Processing Image Processing Voice Processing

The Principles of Information TechnologyThe Functions of Information Technology(Continued)


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Generat ion : The process of organizinginformation into a useful form, whether asnumbers, text, sound, or visual image.

Storag e and Retrieval: Storage is the computerprocess of retaining information for future use.Retrieval is the process by which a computer

locates and copies stored data or information forfurther processing or for transmission to anotheruser.



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Transm iss ion : The computer process ofdistributing information over a communicationsnetwork.

Electronic Mail, or E-Mail Voice Messaging, or Voice Mail



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The Principles of Information TechnologyThe Benefits of Information Technology


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Helping People

Solving Problems Problem : A perceived difference between an

existing condition and a desired condition. Problem Solv ing : The process of recognizing a

problem, identifying alternatives for solving it,and successfully implementing the chosensolution.

The Principles of Information TechnologyThe Opportunities of Information Technology


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The Principles of Information TechnologyInformation Technology Is All Around Us,

Improving Our Lives Television

Education

Training

Entertainment

Shipping


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Paperwork

Money and Investments

Agriculture

Taxation and Accounting

Health and Medicine


Improving Our Lives (Continued)


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Manufacturing

Journalism

Energy

Sports


Improving Our Lives (Continued)


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The Principles of Information TechnologyThe Responsibilities of Using Information

Technology To be Informed

To Make Proper Use of IT

To Safeguard

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