uses of technology in teacher education

Promoting Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge Integration in

Teacher Preparation Programs

Dr. Susana JuniuDepartment of Exercise Science and Physical Education

Montclair State University

Questions

How to teach a subject matter with technology in a pedagogically way?

How will pre-service teachers develop the knowledge base to design and implement technology-infused lessons in education?

The purpose of this presentation is:

• To examine the technological pedagogical content knowledge framework to integrate technology in the teaching and learning process (TPCK, Koehler & Mishra, 2008)

• To present examples of learning activities that could be easily integrated across a Physical Education curriculum

• To describe a project based learning experience as an alternative to preparing pre-service teachers

Traditional Educational

Technologies

It is not a new phenomenon in formal education

Digital Educational

Technologies

ICT in Teaching and Learning

Uses of Technology

Traditional New uses

lectures, computer based instruction, and instruction about computers.

authentic, student centered, collaborative and result in the assimilation of information.

“Technology is not a passing trend” (Means)

It has changed the way we live, socialize, and educate

Facts for Technology Integration

• Technocentric Approach (Papert, 1987)

• The focus is on the technology being used, ignores the diversity of the disciplinary knowledge and the appropriate pedagogical strategies to teach a specific content.

• Teachers do not have the appropriate knowledge for technology integration

• Different subjects have different content structures and the pedagogies change depending on what the content and context are

The Challenge

To create activities that are situated in a context that emulate real-life problems and settings that will support and promote learning

? How is it that using technology makes

sense?

When and how to use it?

[How educators use technology is more important than if they use it]

[Simply using technology tools does not ensure a quality education]

Technology has affordances and constraints that may partially determine the possible uses and limitations of a digital tool to represent the content in a given educational context.

Traditional Educational Technologies

Digital Educational Technologies

SpecificityStabilityTransparency

VersatileUnstableOpacity

Technology in the Classroom

Productivity Tools

vs

Cognitive Tools

vs

Productivity Tools Cognitive Tools

Tools

ProductivityTools

Cognitive“Mindtools”

(critical thinking devices) Results in

EXCEL SPSS

ACCESS

SpreadsheetStatistical Computation Data Storage

Conducts queries to answer problem of investigationSort and Regroup data and perform calculationsCompare and contrast categories of dataLook for relationships between categoriesMake projections from given dataMake hypotheses based on the data

Learning by Reflecting

INSPIRATIONOutlinesFlow Charts

BrainstormingConcept Maps

POWERPOINTiMOVIE

Presentation of facts

The user designs and constructs a product to share with peers

Learning by Constructing and

Visualizing

Effective Technology Integration

Requires an understanding of the intersection of:

• teachers’ knowledge of the curriculum content

•general pedagogies, and

• technologies

Learners’ Characteristics

EducationalEnvironment

Teachers’Experience

PEDAGOGY(i.e. Project-Based

Learning (PLB)

CONTENT(i.e Physical Education,

History, Arts)

TECNOLOGY(i.e. Information and

Communation Technology, ICT)

Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge Model adapted from Mishra & Koehler, 2008, So & Kim, 2009, and Harris & Hofer, 2009.

How to use particular

technologies when teaching

How to teacha particular

content

How to represent a subject matter with

technology in pedagogically ways.

How to select and use technologies to teach a particular content knowledge

What knowledge do the teachers need?

¿Who?

¿When?

¿How?

¿Why?

¿Where?

¿What?

Technology Integration Worksheet (adapted from Velazquez,

2009) Content Pedagogy Technology Is it effective?

What are the desired learning outcomes for the content being taught? What is the core curriculum objective you plan to target with this technology?

What pedagogies/teaching strategies are being used?(i.e. active engagement, group work, practice and feedback, reflection, authentic hands-on experience, etc.)

What digital technologies are being used in teaching and learning? What digital technologies are pedagogically appropriate?What are the functions, affordances and constraints?

How effectively does the technology integration enhance or support the pedagogical strategies being used? How does the technology integration improve or detract from the learning experience? How will the students understand the concepts in the technology-enhanced learning activity?

Planning the Learning Activities

What do the individual students need to reach their goals?

What strategies are appropriate for this particular lesson?

What digital technologies are pedagogically appropriate?

Basic planning elements for developing a unit plan with technology

Instructional Problems (essential questions and learning goals)

Analysis of ContextPedagogical DecisionsLearning Activities and ImplementationAssessments

Example of Learning Activities

Physical Education Objectives

One of the purposes in physical education is to develop Health Related Physical Fitness in the students so they could live a healthy and active life.Cardiovascular EnduranceBody CompositionFlexibilityMuscular Strength and Endurance

Cardiovascular Endurance

Achieving a good physical fitness by exercising at the correct intensity and heart rate while maintaining a constant rate

To sustain a cardiac training effect, the individual must participate in activities that raise heart rate to 70% of your maximum heart rate and then keep it in the training zone for 20 to 30 minutes

Learning Taxonomies

Knowledge Acquisition

Practice

Application

Interpretation

Production

Creativity

Learning Goals

Differentiate and identify different heart rate frequencies

Understand the benefits of cardiovascular endurance in health

Apply the concepts of physical fitness to maintain a healthy and active life

Create an exercise plan to improve cardiovascular endurance

Learning Activities Pedagogical Uses Technologies

Explore and research the concept



Learn Procedures



Learn Procedures

Present and communicated the research findings



Students gather information from lectures, presentations, and/or group work

Learn Procedures





Web search engines Search the internetWikipedia and other information data basesDVDsVideoconferencing

Learn Procedures






Learn Procedures Students learn how to safely and appropriately handle equipment







Real-time data collection devices (Heart Rate Monitors, Accelerometers, Pedometers)Fitness Assessment reporting software Statistical SoftwareVideo, demos









Students work in groups to design and construct a product to share with other students to represent their acquired knowledge








Students work in groups to design and construct a product to share with other students to represent their acquired knowledge

Multimedia (PowerPoint)Collaborative podcasting, (http://voicethread.com)

“Knowledge can not be transferred”

Dewey, 1916

[Educators are models to students, and to be models

of change they need to experience changes

themselves and be active participants in the

educational process]

Ongoing Educational Development

Create a learning environment that:Promotes learning by doingFacilitates problem-solving activitiesIntegrates subject matter as a problemAids learners to pursue answers across

disciplinesCulminates in a project

Learning Models

Learning Technology by Design model (Koehler & Mishra, 2005) learning by doing, constructing, reflecting, and visualizing that

facilitates problem-solving activities

Edelson’s (2001) proposed a “Learning-for-Use” model to encourage the learner to develop useful knowledge and

provide guidance to instructors on how to design learning activities that foster useful understanding.

Project-based learning model (PBL, Moursound, 1999Student takes the role of the designers as well as the learners

The purpose is to

link theory with experience

to generate intellectual content and suitable applications for the classroom

The premise of the curriculum unit is that students have been asked by a local primary care clinic to identify the level of obesity in a

given high school and relate these findings to physical activity.

Scenario The Center of Disease Control (CDC) has claimed that lack of

physical activity has implications for health and wellness. Decreased levels of physical activity and exercise, together with poor diet is the second actual leading cause of death in the U.S. (McGinnis, Foege, 1992). There is ample evidence that physical activity is important for maintaining good health, improving psychological well being, and preventing premature death. Physical activity has been associated with lower death rates for adults of any age, has been identified as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and has been found to reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis. It also enhances psychological well being and appears to reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety and to improve mood. People who exercise less have a higher probability of being depressed.

Scenario to trigger students’ curiosity

Why does the CDC claim that implications for health and wellness are due to lack of physical activity?

How do we know in fact that there is a lack of physical activity among the U.S. population?

What can we do about it?

What is the relationship between physical and social characteristics of neighborhoods and physical activity?

The goal of this unit Is for the students:

To understand the relationship between physical activity and health-related physical fitness, and

To identify obesity levels in a given school population and relate the results to physical activity

To Obtain the necessary fundamentals to measure and analyze data related to physical activity levels

Project Phases ElementsTechnological

Tools “Mindtools”

Critical Thinking Activities

Results in Learning by

PreparationBrainstorming and Planning Inspiration

Create Concept MapsOutlinesFlow Charts

Reflecting

InternetSearch Engines

Search the Internet and deciding which information they need to answer the questions of investigation.Select keywords that provide information about the topic

Exploring and Reflecting

Tasks and Action

Data Collection

ACCESSEXCELSpreadsheetData Storage

Design the data collection forms to address the different components of test to be measuredDefine the structure of the database or spreadsheet based on the important information they need to collect and how they relate to the tests they administer

Constructing

Data Analysis

ACCESSEXCELStatistical Computation

Conduct queries to answer problem of investigationSort and Regroup data and perform calculationsCompare and contrast categories of dataLook for relationships between categoriesMake projections from given dataMake hypotheses based on the data

Reflecting

Presentation of Results

Presentation and Interpretation of Results

PowerPointWeb Site (HTML Editors)

The students design and construct a product to share with peers

Constructing and Visualizing

What makes the learning process a successful experience for the students?

The project is the assessment tool

Students reflect on their own learning

Incorporate feedback in their planning, and

Explain why changes were made to meet their goal.

The Students

Formulate their own questions based on the topic provided

Select ways to answer their inquiries

Collect and analyze information

Present their interpretation of the results.

[The key challenge for instructors is to effectively and efficiently incorporate educational technology in the

education process, but most essential is to refocus their teaching philosophy and adopt new approaches to teaching. This transition requires experience and

accepting new models of learning]

Thank you

uses of technology in teacher education

Education

communation technology

technology toolsdoes

teachers knowledge

technologyinfused lessons

knowledge base

disciplinary knowledge

learning process tpck

specific content