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11HSA 801 080-15en EXCOUNT-II Users Manual

User’s manual

EXCOUNT-II

2 1HSA 801 080-15en EXCOUNT-II Users Manual

Legal disclaimerAny responsibility or liability for loss or damage in connection with the use of this product and the accompanying documentation is disclaimed. The infor-mation in this document is furnished for informational use only, is subject to change without notice, may contain errors or inaccuracies, and represents no commitment whatsoever.

Declaration of ConformityHereby, ABB AB, declares that this EXCOUNT-II system is in compliance with the essential requirements and other relevant

provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC.

Federal Communications Commission StatementThis device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions:(1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and(2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

WARNING!Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.

NOTE! This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is so operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful inter-ference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be requi-red to correct the interference at his own expense.

Trademark acknowledgementsWindows 95, 98, ME, NT4, 2000 and XP are registred trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

Important information


Safety information

Key to the symbols

This symbol is a visual notice to avoid mistakes which can result in damage of the material and/or no function of the surge arrester monitor EXCOUNT-II. Read the text carefully and if you don’t understand do not proceed.

Serious material damage, severe personal injury and/or death can be the result of not following the information given beside this symbol. Read the text carefully and if you don’t understand do not proceed.

Safety instructionsDo not connect the Transceiver to other voltage sources than a standard 9 volt battery type 6LR61/PP3Ensure that the battery is connected correctly. The Transceiver contains a radio transmitter and receiver which must not be used where the use of radio transmit-ters or other electronic devices is prohibited.

WARNING!All work related to the fitting, mounting, assembly or handling of EXCOUNT-II sensors and the surge arresters shall be made with disconnected and earthed conduc-tors. Follow all regulations and rules stated by internatio-nal or national safety regulations.

Normally, the EXCOUNT-II sensors and the surge arres-ters operate at a high voltage. Therefore they must be installed in such a way that only qualified personnel has access to them.


Table of contents

Section Subject Page

- Important information 2

- Safety information 3

1. Introduction

1.1 Sequence of installation 8

1.2 EXCOUNT-II measuring principle 9

2. Before installation

2.1 Inspection upon arrival 12

2.2 Tools for assembly 12

2.3 Insert the 9V battery in the transceiver 12

2.4 Pre-installation 12

2.5 Installation of battery in the sensor 14

2.6 EXCOUNT-II software 15

2.7 First time administration of the sensors 20

3. Sensor installation

3.1 Note the sensor ID number 25

3.2 Common installation alternatives 25

3.3 Reference measurement 25

3.4 Installation of sensor alternative 1 26





Table of contents

Section Subject Page

4. Using the transceiver

4.1 Transceiver functions 33

4.2 Transceiver symbols 35

4.3 Flowchart, making measurements 36

4.4 Sychronization of the clocks 37

4.5 Range of the communication 38

4.6 Your body affects the signal strength 38

4.7 Optimal direction of the internal transceiver antenna

38

4.8 Direction of the sensor antenna 39

4.9 Special configurations 40

4.10 Total versus individual readings 42

4.11 Measurement strategy 42

5. Transceiver menus 44

6. Surge arrester monitoring theory

6.1 Introduction 52

6.2 Surge counting 52

6.3 Leakage current measurements 54

7. Radio transmission protocol 64

8. Technical data 66

9. Disposal 70

10. Transceiver error codes 72

11. Index 78


Introduction

Section 1


1. Introduction

EXCOUNT-II is an advanced surge arrester monitor for effecti-vely, reliably and safety monitoring and recording surges on high voltage electrical networks.

EXCOUNT-II incorporates a sensor, which is mounted on the surge arrester, a transceiver, for remote reading and a PC-program (Win-dows 95/98/2000/ME/NT and XP).

This users manual describes the functions of EXCOUNT-II to give you total control over surge monitoring.

Please visit www.abb.com/arrestersonline for more information about EXCOUNT-II and also to download the latest version of the PC-pro-gram.

1.1 Sequence of installationAs a quick guide, the respective procedure in the below table should be followed for safe and correct installation of the EXCOUNT-II.

Procedure Section

Read the safety instructions carefully 1

What to do before installationSpecial attention is drawn to Section 2.4 which should be followed to ensure trouble-free operation.

2

How to install the sensors 3

Guide to using the transceiver 4


1. Introduction

1.2 EXCOUNT-II measuring principle

Figure 1.2.1The principle of measuring with EXCOUNT-II

The sensor is mounted on the surge arrester in series with the earth conductor. It is important that the surge arrester is insulated from the ground with an insulating base. The sensor registers the number of discharges, categorizes and records the amplitudes of the surges together with their date and time and measures the leakage current. As an option, resistive leakage current can also be measured.

The measuring data is transfered to the hand held transceiver by radio communication. An optional external hand-held antenna is available for the transceiver in special applications requiring a stronger radio signal (transmission line application, for example)

The information from the hand-held transceiver is transferred to a PC via data cable.

Statistical analysis can be undertaken in the PC via the EXCOUNT-II software.

Data cableTransceiver

Sensor

EarthConductor

Surge Arrester

Insulatingbase

Radiowaves

External antenna (option)

PC (computer with Windows 95/98/2000/ME/NT/XP installed)


Before Installation

Section 2



2.1 Inspection upon arrivalUpon arrival it is important that the cases are inspected and the contents checked against the packing list which is attached to each case. Any shortage or damage should be reported immediately to the insurance and/or ABB representative and not later than 30 days from the arrival of the goods. ABB cannot take responsibility for shortages or damages not reported within this time period.

Verify that the following items are present together with this manual:

• Transceiver• Data cable• CD with software• 9V battery• Philips screwdriver

If the contents are to be stored for a long period of time prior to use, they should be kept dry and indoors.

2.2 Tools for assemblySpecial instruments or tools are not required for installation of the EXCOUNT-II sensor. For convenience, a philips screwdriver is provi-ded for fitting of the 9V battery in the transceiver.

2.3 Insert the 9V battery in the transceiverOpen the battery compartment on the rear of the transceiver using the supplied screwdriver. The compartment cover is locked with a single philips-head screw. Insert the battery and ensure the correct polarity. Replace the cover and firmly tighten the screw.Important! After inserting a new battery, always check that the date and time on the Transceiver are sychronized with the setting on the PC. If not, set them as described in section 5 of this manual.

2.4 Pre-installationPrior to installation of the EXCOUNT-II sensor onto the surge arrester, the fol-lowing steps should be undertaken to ensure trouble-free operation.

a) Sensors ID-numberMake a note of the sensor ID-number and its intended location (sta-tion, position and phase) before installation. The ID-number is located as shown in figure 2.4.1 and unique for each individual sensor. The

Batterycover

Figure 2.3.1Location of

transceiver battery compartment



transceiver and the software utilize this information as the means of identification during the measurement, and it is therefore very impor-tant that the details are correct. After the sensor is installed it may not be practical to view the identification number without first de-energi-zing the surge arrester.

b) Charge the internal power sourcePlace the sensor outdoors, preferably in direct sunlight, for at least 48 hours prior to installation. This will ensure the internal power source is fully charged. For indoor use, refer also to section 2.5.

c) Installation of the EXCOUNT-II softwareInstall the EXCOUNT-II software onto your PC. Installation instructions are described in section 2.6.

d) Record sensor and station dataRecord each new sensor’s ID-number in the administration part of the PC-program, together with the station data and surge arrester data for where it will be installed, as described in section 2.7.

e) Testing the communication between sensor and transceiverPrior to installation, each sensor should be initialised by making a reading of surge counter data only. See section 2.7, 4 and 5 for details of how to use the transceiver. This will establish a link between the administration details in the PC-program and the sensor. Confirm that contact can be made with the sensor and revert to ABB if any error codes occur. This measurement need not be saved in the PC-program.

Important! The test is best made at a location nearby where the sensors will be installed. During this test, the sensor must be at least 1 m above the ground, not placed on an earthed object or anything with a metal frame, and preferably made with 15 – 30 m distance between the sensor and transceiver. This is most easily achieved by one person holding the sensor at waist height, while another person makes the measurement with the transceiver.

f) Installation on surge arrestersThe preparations are now done and you may proceed with installation of the EXCOUNT-II sensor on the surge arrester. See section 3.

Adhesive label(on underside) Engraved

(on topside)

Figure 2.4.1Location of sensor

ID-number



2.5 Installation of battery in the sensorThe sensor’s primary power sources are the in-built solar panels and the field probe, which obtains the energy respectively from the sun and the electrical field surrounding the surge arrester. The energy is stored in a high efficiency capacitor.

When energy in the sensor falls below a certain level, the sensor swit-ches off the listening function (to conserve energy for recording) until such time that the energy level is sufficient again for communication. This may occur if many attempts to communicate have been made in a row or because there is insufficient sunlight and/or electrical field.

To ensure continuous power a long-life 9V lithium battery may be installed.

Installation of a battery is an absolute necessity for indoor use of the sensor, since no sunlight is available to provide the primary source of power.

NOTE! A long-life battery is pre-installed from the factory for user con-venience to minimize difficulties in communication due to insufficient energy. Regardless, it is highly recommended that the internal high-efficiency capacitor is fully charged before first-time use by following the steps in section 2.4 b.

To replace the battery, open the battery cover using the supplied phi-lips screwdriver to loosen the two screws, see figure 2.5.1. Insert the battery, ensuring correct polarity, and then replace the battery cover.

Figure 2.5.1Back view of the sensor with battery cover

Battery



2.6 EXCOUNT-II SoftwareThe enclosed CD includes a version of the EXCOUNT-II software for administration and storage of the data as well as statistical analysis of surge arresters. The program works only on PC´s with operating system Windows 95/98/2000/ME/NT and XP.

To ensure you have the latest version, we suggest downloading the EXCOUNT-II software from the website www.abb.com/arrestersonline.

Included with the delivery is a data cable for communication between the hand held transceiver and the computer.

2.6.1 InstallationInsert the CD into your computer.Press the START button in lower left cornerSelect SETTINGS then CONTROL PANELDouble-click on the icon ADD/REMOVE PROGRAMSSelect ADD NEW PROGRAMSFollow the instructions on the screen

2.6.2 UninstallationPress the START button in lower left cornerSelect SETTINGS then CONTROL PANELDouble-click on the icon ADD/REMOVE PROGRAMSBrowse to the EXCOUNT-II software and click REMOVEFollow the instructions on the screen.

2.6.3 Using the softwareView the help file for detailed instructions on how to use the software.



2.6.4 Installation of USB driversThe EXCOUNT-II transceiver is fitted with a USB port which requires installation of special software drivers included on the CD. The Found New Hardware Wizard should be used to install devices when they are connected to the PC for the first time as this is the recommended procedure for reliable device operation.

1. Connect the transceiver to the PC via the data cable. The PC will automatically detect a new USB device.

2. The “Found New Hardware Wizard” window appears. A manual installation of the software drivers is required. Choose “Install from a list or specific location (Advanced)”. Then click Next.

Figure 2.6.1



3. Choose “Search for the best driver in these locations”. Then choose “Include this location in the search”, where you enter the path to the driver catalogue found on the EXCOUNT-II installation CD. Then click Next.

Figure 2.6.2



4. The system will discover that the drivers has not passed the Win-dows logo testing. This is only a warning arising from the unique nature of EXCOUNT-II and does not affect the driver or system performance. The device is USB compliant and the drivers are Windows compliant. Click Continue Anyway.

Figure 2.6.3



5. The system will find the setup files and follow the instruction of the setup file to copy drivers. Confirm the device drivers found and driver installation complete. Click Finish to close the wizard.

Figure 2.6.4



2.7 First time administration of the sensors1. Record the following details in the PC-program as specified in the

EXCOUNT-II help system for Administration. See figure 2.7.1 and 2.7.2. • station data • arrester data• EXCOUNT-II sensor dataInput this data into the software as described in the help system.Note that each record in the database must have a unique combination of station, position and phase, see figure 2.7.2.

All current generation ABB and earlier ASEA gapless ZnO surge arrester types are included in the arrester data.For other types of gapless surge arresters, simply select the appro-priate IEC class from the dropdown list, see figure 2.7.2.

IMPORTANT! After input of the administration details, an initial reading must always be made to establish a link bet-ween the administration details in the PC software and the sensor on site.

Figure 2.7.1Main menu

Figure 2.7.2Administration data


2. Connect the transceiver to the PC via the data cable. See also sec-tion 2.6.4 for installation of USB drivers if this is the first time use of the transceiver. Download the sensor’s ID from the EXCOUNT-II software into the Transceiver as described in the EXCOUNT-II help system for Transfer data, see figure 2.7.3.

IMPORTANT! Check that the date and time on the Transcei-ver are sychronized with the setting on the PC prior to trans-fer, see figure 2.7.4 and 2.7.5. If not, set them as described in section 5 of this manual. If this is not done the date stamp from the sensor will be incorrect, which can lead to difficulties in recording measurements.

3. Before going to site, check the Transceiver’s battery status. If necessary, install a new battery as described in section 2.3.

4. Once at site, individually check that it is possible to make contact with

each sensor prior to installation, as described in section 2.4 e.

Figure 2.7.4Windows date/time

properties menu

Figure 2.7.5Transceiver date/time

properties menu


Figure 2.7.3Main menu


Sensor Installation

Section 3



Safety information

Serious material damage, severe personal injury and/or death can be the result of not following this instruction. Therefore, the personnel responsible for the installation of the equipment shall read and follow this instruction carefully.

Handling and maintenance of all the sensors described in this instruction must be done by personnel trained for this type of work.

WARNING!All work related to the installation of EXCOUNT-II sensors and the surge arresters shall be made with de-energized and earthed conductors. Follow all regulations and rules stated by international or national safety regulations.

Normally, the EXCOUNT-II sensors and the surge arresters operate at a high voltage. Therefore the sensor must be installed in such a way that only qualified personnel has access to it.


3.1 Note the sensor ID numberBefore installation, note the sensor´s ID-number together with the respective arrester station, position, phase and type. The data is used in the EXCOUNT-II software for correct registration. See section 2.7.

3.2 Common installation alternativesThe following are the most common installation alternatives, and are included here for information only. The separate installation instruction supplied with the actual delivery shall always take precedence.

Alternative 1 (Section 3.4): The sensor is mounted directly on the vertical upright surge arres-ter base. This is the best alternative for charging the internal power source and for complete measurement.

Alternative 2 (Section 3.5): The sensor is mounted vertically on a planar surface. The sensor is too far away from the surge arrester field, so the only possiblity to charge the internal power source is via the solar cells (or separate DC battery). NOTE! Resistive current measurement is not supported with alternative 2.

Alternative 3 (Section 3.6):The sensor is mounted on a Transmission Line Arrester (TLA), for example PEXLINK. Special consideration must be paid to the arrang-ement, and a separate antenna (available as an option) may be necessary for certain configurations (tall towers, for example).

Alternative 4 (Section 3.7):The sensor is mounted directly on the inverted (under-hung) surge arrester base. Special attention must be paid to the arrangement, especially if resistive current measurements are to be made.A separate antenna (available as an option) may be necessary for certain configurations (tall gantries, for example).

3.3 Reference measurementAfter completion of installation of the sensor and energization of the surge arrester, a full set of measurements shall be made for reference and then transfered to the PC software as described in section 5 of this manual. Revert to ABB if any error codes occur during measurement or transfer.




3.4 Installation of sensor alternative 1

Screws, nuts, sockets, washers and conductors are not supplied by ABB unless specified.

Mount EXCOUNT-II (3) on surge arrester´s bottom flange (4) above insula-ting base (5) according to figure 3.3.1. Do not place close to venting duct (if any). Bolt joint (1) and (2) is supplied with ABB insulating base (5).Fitting and tightening torque according to instructions supplied with insulating base.

EXCOUNT-II is used as earth connection.Connect earth cable with tinplated socket (7) according to figure 3.3.3.Recommended screw: M12 (6)Tightening torque for M12: 84 Nm, use washers

Figure 3.4.1

Figure 3.4.2Top view

Figure 3.4.3Side view




NOTE! Resistive current measurement is not supported with this special application.

Mount EXCOUNT-II against planar surface. Use 2 X M6 bolts. Connect upper terminal to flange, bottom terminal to earth via conductor.Recommended screw: M12. Do not mount on earthed plate.

Antenna area, min distance to groundplane: 60 mm

Planar surface

Connect to earth terminal on surge arrester flange

Connect to earth

Min 60 mmto groundplane

Figure 3.5.1Side view

Figure 3.5.2Back view

Figure 3.5.3Front view




Note! Resistive current measurement may not always be possible with this special application.

Assemble the EXCOUNT-II sensor to either the pre-assembled coupling, figure 3.6.1, or to the pre-assembled terminal, figure 3.6.2, as appropriate to the type of PEXLINK transmission line arrester.

EXCOUNT-II sensor

Disconnecting device

Couplingpre-assembled at factory

Earth cable

EXCOUNT-II sensor

Facility to attach weights

Disconnecting device

Terminalpre-assembled at factory

Earth cable

Figure 3.6.1 Figure 3.6.2




Figure 3.7.1

Note! Resistive current measurement may not always be possible with this special application.

The assembly of the components is generally as per section 3.4 alter-native 1, except that the arrester is intended specifically for inverted mounting. Furthermore, it may be necessary to mount the EXCOUNT-II sensor “upside down” in certain cases, as shown in Figure 3.7.1. With such arrangements, special precautions may be necessary to additionally seal the battery compartment against water ingress.

��


Using the transceiver

Section 4



Important information

EnvironmentTo achieve the best possible lifetime out of your EXCOUNT-II trans-ceiver, avoid exposure to strong sunlight for extended periods, hot temperatures (over +50 º C), cold temperatures (under -10 º C ) and water (the design is showerproof but not watertight).

CleaningTo clean the transceiver use only a damp soft cloth with a mild detergent.

Changing the batteryThe transceiver is powered by a 9 volt battery. Always check the bat-tery status before going to site to take measurements. Replace it when necessary with type 6LR61/PP3.

NOTE! Used batteries should NOT simply be thrown away. Return the battery to a recovery station or leave it with your local ABB representative for environmentally friendly disposal.



4.1 Transceiver functions

Figure 4.1.1

Switch the transceiver on/off

To turn on the transceiver press

To turn off the transceiver press

The transceiver turns itself off automatically after 5 minutes.

External antennaconnection

Battery cover

Protective coverEXCOUNT-II

Data cable connection

Enter

Increase value

Display screen

Decrease value

Move down

Move upGo back



4.1.1 Use of external hand-held antennaA separate hand-held external antenna is available as an option for use in special applications which require greater signal strength than is possible to achieve with the transceiver’s internal antenna.

When the external antenna is to be used, the following steps should be followed:

a) Remove the protective cover from the external antenna connection on the underside of the transceiver.

b) Fit and hand-tighten the external antenna to the connection point.

c) Turn on the transceiver and enable the external antenna from the settings menu as described in section 5.4.2.

d) Make measurements, following the guidelines given in Section 4 of this User’s Manual. Note that the external antenna must be pointed directly at the sensor´s in-built antenna in order to obtain the optimum signal strength.

e) After completing the measurements, carefully unscrew the external antenna and replace the protective cover on the transceiver.

f) In case the next measurements are to be made without the external antenna, re-enable the internal antenna from the settings menu as described in section 5.4.2.

Note! Difficulties in communication can occur if attempting to make measurements with the external antenna enabled but not connected.



4.2 Transceiver symbols

Stand byOperation performed successfully

Establishing contactOperation performed un-successfully

Active field xxx-yyyy-zzz Sensor ID

Transfer dataData transfer from PC to transceiver

Read dataData transfer from transceiver to PC

Battery check Battery condition

Leakage current measurement

Settings

Resistive leakage current measurement *

Date & clock

Read surge counter data

Antenna

Total reading * Backlight

Operating voltage * Contrast

* Not avaiable in all versions

A B B

> > > > > > >



4.3 Flowchart, making measurements

The main menu isaccessed by pressing

enter

Press to turnon the transceiver

1. Prepare the transceiverfor measurements

See 5.1.1

Set the transceiver to"Prepare the transceiver

for measurements" mode.

Connect thetransceiver to the PC

via the data cable.

Select which Sensors are to be read by station, position

and phase.

Select Sensor ID fromthe menu in the transceiver

and press enter.

Different types ofmeasurements can beperformed by followingthe instructions in 5.3.

Click "Send list totransceiver" when ready.

This erases all storeddata in the transceiver.

2. Make measurementsSee 5.3

3. Transmit data to theEXCOUNT-II software

See 5.1.2

Set the transceiver to"Data transfer from Transceiver

to PC" mode.

Connect the transceiver tothe PC via the data cable

Open the EXCOUNT-IIPC software and select "Transfer

data" followed by"Receive measured data

from transceiver".

Click "Request data"when ready.

Click "save" to store thedetails in the database.

Before going to the sitecheck the battery status.

See 5.2.Then turn off the transceiver

to conserve the battery.

Ensure the sensor to be read is within range and orientation for

transmission, see section 4.5 to 4.10

Set the transceiver to "Makemeasurements" mode.

Open the EXCOUNT-II PC-software and select "Transfer

data" followed by "Prepare transceiver for measurement".

Check that the date and timeon the transceiver are

synchronized with the settings on the PC. See 4.4

Check that the date and timeon the transceiver are

synchronized with the settings on the PC. See 4.4



4.4 Sychronization of the clocksPrior to transfering data between the PC and the transceiver, it is important to check that the date and time are sychronized between both of them. See figure 4.1.1 and 4.1.2. If not, set them as described in section 5.4. If this is not done, the date stamp from the sensor will be incorrect, which can lead to difficulties in recording measurements.

Figure 4.1.1Windows date/time

properties menu

Figure 4.1.2Transceiver date/time

properties menu



4.5 Range of the communicationDirect and completely unobstructed line-of-sight is preferable between the transceiver and the sensor during communication.The transceiver can communicate with the sensor within a range of up to 60 meters. However this may differ depending on external factors, including the physical and geographical layout at the site or the presence of radio disturbances in the vicinity. A separate (optional) external hand-held antenna is available to boost the effective signal strength and increase the communication distance in special confi-gurations which require it. However to obtain the best possible signal strength, see section 4.6 to 4.9 below.

4.6 Your body affects the signal strengthKeep the transceiver as far away as possible from your body (arm-length), since your body acts to diminish the energy from the trans-mitter. The antenna is located in the top of the transceiver, so do not place your hands or other obstructions over this area.

4.7 Optimal direction of the internal transceiver antennaThe signal strength between the antennas in the transceiver and sensor are influenced by their orientation to each other. See figure 4.7.1 for the best performance from the transceiver when used alone. Note that the best reception and maximum range is obtained by poin-ting the transceiver at approximately right angles to the sensor instead of directly at it.

Figure 4.7.1Optimal direction of the transceiver internal antenna

0°

180°

90°270°

Stre

ngth

Optimal direction Optimal direction



4.8 Direction of the sensor antennaIt may seem logical to be as close as possible to the sensor to obtain the highest signal strength. However, this is not the case since the sensor antenna has a signal direction which is nearly horizontal, see figure 4.8.1 depicting the contact zone.To achieve the highest signal strength, you should stand a distance away which is equivalent to twice the height of the sensor above the ground plane. As noted in section 4.7, facing almost 90° degrees to the sensor will also assist in optimizing the signal strength.

Figure 4.8.1Optimal direction of the sensor antenna

Since EXCOUNT-II relies on radio communication to make contact between the transceiver and sensor, so called ”dead zones” can exist, whereby the location you are standing at does not permit adequate signal strength. If a measurement is attempted in one of these zones, an Error code 80 or 82 may appear on the transceiver. Taking a few paces to move out of the ”dead zone” before retransmitting again is often all that is needed to permit contact to be established between the transceiver and sensor.

Optimal direction

Sensor

Height

2 x Height



4.9 Special configurationsIf the sensor is located a significant height above the ground, it may be dif-ficult to make contact since it is not practical to be within the contact zone as described in section 4.8. Examples are tall transmission line towers and gantries. The taller the structure, the smaller the contact zone at ground level. For these special configurations, a separate hand-held external antenna is available as an option. This is a directed antenna which focuses the signal in order to boost the effective strength and thereby increase the communication distance. Since the signal is directed, the external antenna must be pointed directly at the sensor’s in-built antenna in order to obtain the optimum signal strength.

Direct and completely unobstructed line-of-sight is preferable between the transceiver antenna and the sensor during communication. The first attempt for communication should always follow the guidelines given in section 4.8, but with the external antenna pointed directly at the sensor. If difficulties are experienced, trial different locations around the sensor. Note that different contact zones may apply for each phase or individual readings (see section 4.10). If necessary, and is possible to do safely, it is recommended to finally stand directly under the sensor while making measurements using the exter-nal antenna in such special configurations. See figure 4.9.1.

Figure 4.9.1Use of hand-held external antenna in special configurations

Use of the external antenna may even assist communication in standard configurations which otherwise have difficulty making contact because of external factors.

Opt

imal

di

rect

ion

Transceiverantenna

90o



4.9.1 Tower and Gantry layoutExperience has shown that specific special configurations, arrangements, locations, geography etc can affect the robustness of the performance of EXCOUNT-II. For this reason, it is strongly recommend undertaking a field trial prior to full-scale installation. Since many factors are inter-related, a simple trial made at the base of the transmission tower or gantry may not be adequate to guarantee performance when mounted in service. Instead, what is preferred is a trial with sensors fitted on a 3-phase set of arresters mounted on each different tower/gantry configuration under consideration. Communication should be checked both with the line de-energized and energized. The final functionality at a given location with a specific special configuration can then be determined.

As a further consideration, whilst the use of the external antenna may assist in achieving effective communication, the tower/gantry layout and configuration can affect the ultimate accuracy of the resistive leakage current measurements (if available), since the positioning of the surge arresters in relation to each other may alter the field-strength factor based in the measuring principle (refer section 6). See figure 4.9.2 for example. In such cases, the measured values must be treated subjectively. Nevert-heless, absolute values are of lesser interest, since a rising trend gives a better indication of potential arrester deterioration over time.

Figure 4.9.2Example of vertical tower arrangement (double circuit)



4.10 Total versus Individual readingsAttempts to make a total reading (available in extended version only) – i.e. consecutively leakage current, surge count, resistive current – may be inappropriate with certain configurations and generate errors, since the information is “in the air” too long. Should this occur, individual readings of the separate measurements need to be made instead. See section 5.3. Note that different contact zones may apply for each indivi-dual reading.

4.11 Measurement strategyTo avoid unnecessary outages plus the high cost of unwarranted testing of arresters, a decision should be made on a suitable time interval for regular reading of the EXCOUNT-II data. This interval depends on a number of factors including network arrangement, lightning flash density, system redundancy, resources, desired accuracy in time-stamp, etc.

As a guide, the following strategy for a schedule of taking measurements is proposed to begin with:

• Always a short time directly after energization to obtain a reference value.

• At regular time intervals, determined by site availability and importance. Two readings per year is a reasonable starting point but more may be warranted, especially in locations where the arresters are exposed to high lightning activity and/or heavy atmospheric pollution.

• Specifically in advance of the designated lighting season and thereafter following periods with bad weather conditions.

• After special fault conditions causing flashover in the network or TOV’s of high amplitude and/or long duration.

Readings must be made more often and with short regular time intervals if the intention is to correlate the EXCOUNT-II data with other external measurements and recordings - lightning activity meters, SCADA, etc.


Transceiver menus

Section 5


5. Transceiver menus

Stand by

Turn the transceiver on by pressing

Turn the transceiver off by pressing

Got to the main menu by pressing

The transceiver turns itself off automatically after 5 minutes.

The program version is shown in the lower left corner. The E

stands for extended version which includes resistive leakage

current measurement.

5. Main menu

Select alternative with the key.

Then press

Transfer data (see 5.1)

Battery check (see 5.2)

Make measurements (see 5.3)

Settings (see 5.4)

Back to stand-by

5.1 Transfer data


Then press

Data transfer from PC to Transceiver (see 5.1.1)

Data transfer from Transceiver to PC (see 5.1.2)

Back to main menu

ABB2.0.0 E


5.1.1 Data transfer from PC to Transceiver

In this mode, Sensor ID’s can be transfered from the PC to the

transceiver. Connect the data cable between the transceiver

and the PC.

See also the software help instructions.

Back to transfer data menu

5.1.2 Data transfer from Transceiver to PC

In this mode data collected from the Sensors can be

transmitted to the PC. Connect the data cable between the

transceiver and the PC.

See also the software help instructions.

Back to transfer data menu

5.2 Battery check

Displays the condition of the battery. Always check the

condition of the battery before transfering data to/from the

transceiver. Change battery if necessary.

If the battery expires during a measurement session,data can

be corrupted or lost.

In such case download the sensor ID’s again and take new

readings.

NOTE! Whenever the battery is replaced the transceiver clock

and date must be checked and sychronized with the PC (see

4.4) prior to transfering data or making measurements.

Back to main menu


0 %� � � 100%



5.3 Make measurements


Then press

Leakage current measurement (see 5.3.1)

Read surge counter data (see 5.3.2)

Resistive leakage current measurement (see 5.3.3)

Total reading (all of the above see 5.3.4)

Back to main meny

5.3.1 Leakage current measurement

Select sensor ID to read data from with the

Start the reading by pressing

A successful transmission is marked with

A failed transmission is marked with

If the transmission was unsuccessful, an error code

will be displayed.

Back to read data menu

5.3.2 Read surge counter data

Select sensor ID to read data from with the key.





will be displayed.


A

A

Progress bar Error code




5.3.3 Resistive leakage current measurement

Not available in all versions.



Before the transmission begins the operating voltage must be

given. (see 5.3.3.1)




will be displayed.


5.3.3.1 Operating voltage


The actual operating voltage must be given when

measuring the resistive leakage current.

The system voltage is displayed as a default value.

Adjust the value to the actual value with

and keys.

Enter the correct value by pressing

NOTE! If the system is 3-phase, the value should be the actual

phase-phase voltage. Otherwise, for 1-phase systems, the value

should be the phase-ground voltage.

The progress bar will indicate that the transmission

has begun.




5.3.4 Total reading




Before the transmission begins, the operating voltage must be

given. (see 5.3.3.1)

Each reading is made in turn automatically.




will be displayed

If any reading is unsuccessfull press

key again to repeat the reading.

Back to total reading menu

5.4 Settings menu


Then press

Backlight settings (see 5.4.1)

Antenna settings (see 5.4.2)

Contrast settings (see 5.4.3)

Clock and date settings (see 5.4.4)

Back to main meny



5.4.1 Backlight

By default backlight is disabled.

Enable backlight by pressing .

Enabled backlight is indicated by instead

of .

Disable backlight by pressing .

Changes are stored in non volatile memory.

Back to settings meny

5.4.2 External antenna

By default internal antenna is enabled.

Enable external antenna by pressing .

Enabled external antenna is indicated by instead

of .

Disable external antenna by pressing .




5.4.3 Set contrast

Increase contrast by pressing .

Decrease contrast by pressing .



5.4.4 Set clock and date

The cursor highlights which digit to adjust. The cursor is

moved to the next digit by pressing the key.

Each digit is changed by using the and

keys.

After changing any digit the status symbol is changed to X .

When the correct date and clock is set move the cursor to the

X and enter the value by

pressing

This changes the status symbol to



Surge arrester monitoring theory

Section 6



6.1 IntroductionThe rising demands for improved reliability of power supply and reduced maintenance costs have increased the attention on condi-tion monitoring of equipment in HV substations. As far as metal-oxide surge arresters are concerned, there are two important aspects which are related to the reliability of the arresters:

• The stress on the arrester in terms of the intensity and frequency of impulse currents

• The condition of the arrester in terms of its insulating properties in normal service

The first aspect is addressed by performing continuous surge coun-ting and the second by leakage current measurements on regular basis.

The EXCOUNT-II is designed to handle both surge counting and leakage current measurements in a single monitoring system. The EXCOUNT-II system comprises a sensor, permanently mounted at the base of the arrester, a transceiver for wireless communication with the sensor, and proprietary software installed on a personal computer.

In the following, the bases for surge counting and leakage current measurements are described, and the corresponding functions of the EXCOUNT-II are presented. For general information on various diag-nostic methods for metal-oxide arresters, please refer to IEC 60099-5.

6.2 Surge countingGeneralThe primary aim of a surge counter is to give an indication of the stress on the arrester from impulse currents caused by overvoltages. In addition, surge counters may be helpful in analysing the occur-rences of overvoltages on the system, provided the surge counting information is sufficiently detailed.

Surge counting with EXCOUNT-IISurge counters operate at impulse currents above a certain ampli-tude. The EXCOUNT-II sensor is equipped with an impulse current



transformer for registration of discharge currents from 10 A and above, see figure 6.2.1.

The measured current peak values are sorted into five impulse current ranges and stored in the EXCOUNT-II memory along with the date and time of each impulse. The impulse current ranges are: 10 - 99 A, 100 - 999A, 1000 - 4999 A, 5000 - 9999 A and >10000 A. The preci-sion of the impulse current measurements is optimized with regard to lightning current impulses. The EXCOUNT-II memory keeps the information on the 1000 most recent impulses, with a maximum rate of 2 impulses per second. For technical data on surge counting, see technical data in section 8 on page 52.

Figure 6.2.1Internal parts of the EXCOUNT-II sensor

The memory content is transmitted to the EXCOUNT-II transceiver, at the time of the leakage current measurements described below. The surge counter data is later transmitted to a personal computer and analyzed by means of the EXCOUNT-II software.

The use of the detailed surge counting information provided by the EXCOUNT-II is not limited to the estimation of arrester stresses. The information can also be used to analyse the occurrence of the last 1000 lightning overvoltages with regard to date, time and amplitude of the arrester impulse current. When this information is combined with data from event recorders etc., investigations of lightning faults or other system events may be greatly facilitated.

Impulse currenttransformer



6.3 Leakage current measurementsApart from the brief occasions when a surge arrester is functioning as an overvoltage-limiting device, it is expected to behave like an insulator. The insulating properties are essential for the length of life of the arrester and for the operation reliability of the power system. Any deterioration of the insulating properties of a metal-oxide arrester will cause an increase in the resistive leakage current, at given values of voltage and temperature. Therefore, the resistive leakage current in service can be used as a diagnostic tool to check the condition of a surge arrester. Leakage current measurements for diagnostic purposes are usually made on temporary basis at regular intervals. Repeated measurements may be necessary for closer investigations, if significant changes in the condition of an arrester are revealed by temporary measurements.

Leakage current of metal-oxide arrestersThe total leakage current of a metal-oxide arrester can be divided into capacitive and resistive parts, see figure 6.3.1, with a predominant capacitive component and a significantly smaller resistive part (5 to 20% of the total current). The capacitive leakage current is caused by the permittivity of the metal-oxide varistors, by the stray capacitances and by internal grading capacitors (if applied).

A large increase in the resistive leakage current is needed before a noticeable change occurs in the total leakage current level. Therefore, the total leakage current is unsuitable for arrester diagnostic purposes. Instead, it may be used for other diagnostic or maintenance purposes, e.g. to estimate the prevailing amount of insulator surface pollution and the associated need for insulator washing, greasing etc. of the insulators in the substation.

The resistive component of the leakage current, on the other hand, is a sensitive indicator of any changes in the voltage-current cha-racteristic of a metal-oxide arrester. The EXCOUNT-II is equipped for measurement of the total leakage current and, optionally, for measure-ment of the resistive leakage current. In this way, the EXCOUNT-II may be equipped to fulfil different diagnostic needs in addition to surge counting.



Figure 6.3.1Electrical representation of metal-oxide surge

arrester in the leakage current region

Resistive leakage currentThe resistive leakage current is defined as the peak value of the resis-tive component of the leakage current, i.e. the instantaneous value of the leakage current when the voltage across the arrester is at its maxi-mum (dU/dt = 0). In the leakage current region, the resistive current depends on the voltage stress and temperature of the varistors. The typical non-linear behavior of the resistive leakage current is shown in figure 6.3.2 for two different varistor temperatures. The voltage stress is expressed as the ratio of the operating voltage to the rated voltage of the arrester (U/Ur).

Figure 6.3.2Example of voltage-current characteristics

of a metal-oxide surge arrester


The maximum continuous operating voltage of an arrester (the Uc according to IEC, or the MCOV according to ANSI) usually cor-responds to a voltage stress in the range 0,7-0,85 p.u. of the rated voltage.

In normal arrester applications, the operating voltage stress usually ranges from 0,5 to 0,8 p.u. of the rated voltage. In this range, the resistive leakage currents at +20°C may vary from 10 to 600 µA depending on the size and make of the varistors.

Harmonics in the total leakage currentThe non-linear voltage-current characteristic of a metal-oxide arrester, illustrated in figure 6.3.2, gives rise to harmonics in the total leakage current when the arrester is energized with a sinusoidal voltage. The harmonic content depends on the degree of non-linearity, which is a function of voltage stress, temperature and make of the arrester. As an example, the third harmonic content of the total leakage current is typically 10-40% of the resistive current.

The harmonic content of the total leakage current can, therefore, be used as an indicator of the resistive leakage current. Using harmonics for measuring the resistive leakage current is advantageous compared to other methods, since no voltage reference is needed to determine the resistive part of the total leakage current. The third order harmonic is of special interest in this respect, since it has the largest magnitude of the current harmonics.

The actual resistive leakage current level can be readily determined from measurements of the third harmonic, provided the appropriate information is available regarding the third harmonic content of the resistive current at the prevailing voltage stress and temperature. This information is specific to the arrester make and type, and must there-fore be supplied by the arrester manufacturer.




Another source of harmonics in the total leakage current is the har-monic content in the system voltage. The voltage harmonics produce capacitive harmonic currents in the arrester. This is clearly illustrated in figure 6.3.3, showing results from total leakage current measurements on two different arresters in service conditions that are significantly different in terms of system voltage harmonics.

Figure 6.3.3Total leakage currents of metal-oxide

surge arresters in different service conditions

The capacitive harmonic currents produced by the voltage harmonics may be of the same order of magnitude as the harmonic currents generated by the non-linear resistive leakage current. This means that the third harmonic content originating from the system voltage interferes with the third harmonic content associated with the resistive leakage current of the arrester. In order to perform accurate measure-ments of the resistive leakage current by means of third order harmo-nic analysis, it is therefore necessary to compensate for the third order harmonic content in the system voltage.


Leakage current measurements with EXCOUNT-IIWhen the EXCOUNT-II is optionally equipped for measurement of resistive leakage currents, the measurement is based on third har-monic analysis of the total leakage current with compensation for the third harmonic in the system voltage. The compensation is performed by simultaneous measurements of both the total leakage current of the arrester and the current induced in a field probe, the latter being proportional to the harmonic content in the system voltage.

The principle for measurement of the resistive leakage current with the EXCOUNT-II is the same as for the original leakage current monitor, LCM, developed by ABB Switchgear and TransiNor, and described in detail in [2].

The procedure for total leakage current and field probe current measurements with EXCOUNT-II is presented step-by-step in the fol-lowing:

Figure 6.3.4Internal parts of the EXCOUNT-II sensor


Zero-flux currenttransformer Field probe



The total leakage current is measured by means of the zero-flux current transformer, and the electric field generated by the system voltage is measured in terms of the current induced in the field probe, both shown in figure 6.3.4. The field probe current, see figure 6.3.5, is used to compensate for the harmonic content in the system voltage.

Every 10 seconds, the data communication system of the EXCOUNT-II sensor is activated to establish contact with an EXCOUNT-II transceiver in the vicinity. If successful, the sensor makes the total leakage current and field probe current measurements described above and transmits the measured data to the transceiver. In addition, the sensor also trans-mits surge counting data along with data on ambient temperature and sensor identity, etc. For details on the sensor/transceiver data commu-nication system, see technical data in section 11 on page 42.

Figure 6.3.5Principle of field probe for determination

of system voltage harmonics

In the transceiver, the magnitudes of the total leakage currents are checked with regard to the measurement ranges (see Table 1). Extre-mely low current levels, caused by the arrester being out of opera-tion etc., are also identified. Accepted measurements are analysed by means of Discrete Fourier Transformation (DFT) to determine the magnitude and phase angle of the first and third order harmonic components of the total leakage and field probe currents (for resistive leakage current option). Several measurements are analysed to verify the stability of the current levels. The total leakage current and field probe current data (as well as the surge counting data) are temporarily stored in the transceiver for later downloading to a personal computer.

Field probe

Electric fieldsurrounding the arrester

Ip


By means of the EXCOUNT-II software, the total leakage, field probe current and surge counting data are analyzed and presented for each arrester. The resistive leakage current level (optional) is calcu-lated in two steps: First, the resistive third harmonic of the arrester resistive leakage current, with compensation for the third harmonic in the voltage, is determined by the equation below (for a three-phase horizontal installation). For a detailed explanation of the equation and its basis, see [2]. Secondly, the resistive leakage current is determi-ned from the resistive third harmonic current by means of information supplied by the arrester manufacturer.

The ratio of the total resistive leakage current to the third harmonic current depends on the operating voltage stress (the operating voltage divided by the rated voltage) and the arrester temperature (in practice, the ambient temperature). These parameters are therefore recorded at the time of the total leakage current and field probe current measu-rements. The ambient temperature is automatically measured by the sensor, while the operating voltage is entered into the transceiver at the time of the total leakage current and field probe measurement.

Figure 6.3.6

Resistive leakage current information from the surge arrester manufacturerThe information from the arrester manufacturer is given in accordance with IEC 60099-5 [1] for each arrester type. All ABB type arresters are included in the EXCOUNT-II software to allow measurements of resis-tive leakage currents. To be ably to correctly calculate the resistive lea-kage current for non-ABB type of arresters the characteristics of that type must be added to the data base. Please contact your ABB office for further information. The manufacturer’s information comprises:

• Maximum recommended levels of total resistive leakage current and resistive third harmonic current at a specified voltage stress (U/Ur = 0,7) and a specified ambient temperature (+20°C). These conditions are referred to as “standard operating conditions”.




• Multipliers for the total resistive leakage current and the resistive third harmonic as functions of voltage stress and ambient tempera-ture. These multipliers are used for converting the actual values of voltage stress and ambient temperature at the time of measurement to standard operating conditions. Examples of such multipliers are given in Figures 6.3.7 and 6.3.8.

Figure 6.3.7Typical information for conversion to

standard operating voltage conditions

Figure 6.3.8Typical information for conversion to

standard ambient temperature conditions


Evaluation of resistive leakage current levelsBy means of the manufacturer information, the resistive leakage current level is determined from the resistive third harmonic current, and the results obtained under the actual operating conditions are converted to the standard operating conditions. After conversion, the results of the leakage current measurements can be evaluated in two different ways:

• The converted leakage current level can be compared with previous results obtained for the same arrester, to reveal any significant chan-ges in the leakage current level over time.

• The converted leakage current level can be compared with the maximum level recommended by the arrester manufacturer.

These comparisons are carried out by the EXCOUNT-II software. The results may be presented and documented in graphs, tables and reports.

References [1] IEC 60099-5 Ed. 1.1 (2000-03): Surge arresters - Part 5: Selection and application recommendations. [2} J. Lundquist, L. Stenström, A. Schei, B. Hansen, ”New Method for Measurement of the Resistive Leakage Currents of Metal-Oxide Surge Arresters in Service,” IEEE Trans. On PWRD, Vol. 5, No. 4, November 1990.



Radio transmission protocol

Section 7


7. Radio transmission protocol

7.1 Packet communication protocolAll radio channels are subject to noise, intereference and fading. In many cases, radio channels are shared by several users of services. Packet communication protocols are widely used to achieve error-free communi-cations over imperfect and/or shared communication channels.

Almost all short-range wireless data communications use some form of packet protocol to automatically assure information is received correctly at the correct destination. A packet generally includes a training pream-ble, a start symbol, routing information (to/from, etc.) a packet ID, all or part of a message and error detection bits. Other information may be included depending on the protocol.

Figure 7.1.1 shows one of the packet formats used in EXCOUNT-II. The structure begins with a training preamble, which improves weak signal detection at the receiver by ”training” the data slicer for best noise immu-nity, and providing signal transitions to train the clock recovery process. The training preamble usually consists of several bytes of a 1-0-1-0-1-0 ... sequence.

EXCOUNT-II RF Link Packet Format

PreambleStart

SymbolTo Byte

From Byte

Packet Number

Size/Status Byte*

MessageFCS High

ByteFCS Low

Byte

Figure 7.1.1

The preamble is followed by a start symbol (often called a start vector), which is a distinct pattern of bits marking the start of the information sec-tion of the packet.

The start symbol is followed by ”to” and ”from” address information. In the EXCOUNT-II protocol, the packet ID is followed by message size or status information.

The message then follows . The following two bytes of the packet com-prise a 16 bit error checking code (frame check sequence), based on the X.25 packet standard (ISO 3309). The error checking code is recompu-ted at the destination to confirm error-free detection. The ISO 3309 frame check sequence provides very high confidence of error detection for packets up to 256 bytes in length.

In summary, EXCOUNT-II protocols provides the following features:• 16-bit ISO 3309 error detection calculation to test message integrity• Automatic packet retransmission until acknowledgement is received; 8

retries with semi-random back off plus ”acknowledge” and ”link failure” alarm messages.


7. Radio transmission protocoll9. Disposal

Technical data

Section 8


8. Technical data

8.1 Technical data Sensor/Transceiver Data Communication

TypeAM radio (OOK)ETSI and FCC approved

Frequency 868.35 MHz or 916.50 MHz

AntennaIntegrated on circuit-board. Optional hand-held external.

Output power -3dBm (0.75 mW)

Operation range (max.)Environment dependent

up to 60 m (120 m with external antenna)

Required system conditions for stable communication

System voltage 0.4 to 0.9 p.u. arres-ter Ur

Third harmonic con-tent in system voltage Max 3%

Field probe current 3 - 190 µApeak

Leakage current 0.2 - 12 mApeak

Radio interference at communication frequency

Below -97 dBm

Ambient temperature -10 to +60 °C

Surge counting

Counting threshold (8/20 µs) 10 A

Surge current amp-litude classification (8/20 µs)

10–99 A100-999 A 1000-4999 A5000-9999 A > 10 000 A

Error in surge coun-ting amplitude < 20%

Surge counting time resolution < 0.5 s

Surge counting time stamp format

YYYY:MM:DD:hhmmss(1 s resolution)

Surge counting memory capacity

1000 registrations (wrap-around)

Leakage Current Measurement

Measuring range of total leakage current (peak value)

0.2 – 12 mA

Error in total leakage current < 5%

Optional

Measuring range of resistive leakage cur-rent (peak value)

10 – 2000 µA

Error in resistive leakage current

< 10 µA (10 – 50 µA); < 20% (50 – 2000 µA

Required arrester condition during leakage current measurementTransient leakage currents can affect the measurements made. To ensure both stable readings and the best possible consistency for comparison between measu-red values, leakage current measurements should not be made while it is raining or otherwise when large external leakage currents can be expected to flow on the hou-sing. This is less of an issue for arresters with silicone housings, since such external leakage currents are lower.


General

Sensor Transceiver External antenna

Climatic conditions

Sealed, water-tight design, IP67(Battery compartment, IP 65) Weather-resistant Weather resistant

Ambient temperature range

–50 °C to +60 °C Operation: –40 °C to +60 °C -10 °C to +50 °C -10 °C to +50 °C

Measuring frequencyrange

50 or 60 Hz (software selectable) N/A N/A

Short-circuit capability 65 kA acc. to IEC 60099-4 N/A N/A

Primary power supply

Built-in solar cell and field probeBack-up 9 Volt lithium battery U9VL (primary for indoor use)

9 Volt battery Alkaline type 6LR61/PP3

N/A

Battery replace-ment period

8 years with 1200 mAh lithium battery > 4 hours N/A

Weight (without battery) 2072 g 221 g 420 g

System clockThe time-stamp for surge counting is only as accurate as the value stored in the sensor. This value is “reset” each time contact is made with the transceiver, but in between mea-surements can drift because of temperature dependence, as depicted in Figure 8.1.1.

Figure 8.1.1 Temperature dependent time deviation

8. Technical data


8. Technical data

EXCOUNT-IIID. No: XXXXXXXXCat. No:1HSA44X XXX-XMade in Sweden

Figure 8.2.1Sensor

Figure 8.2.3External antenna

8.2 Dimensions

Figure 8.2.2Sensor


Disposal

Section 9

8.2 Dimensions


9. Disposal

DisposalWhen the items incorporating EXCOUNT-II are taken out of service, components shall be disposed of according to local regulations.

The sensor, transceiver and external antenna contain electronic, metal, rubber and plastic components. The 9V battery in each device must be removed and disposed of separately.The sensor is assembled in a sealed case, making it difficult to dis-mantle completely for separate disposal.


Transceiver error codes

Section 10


10. Transceiver error codes

Error code

Description Suggested cause and action

01 System error The transceiver could not perform the requested task. Turn off the transceiver and restart. Attempt with individual readings rather than total reading (if this was the case). If the error persists, a serious inter-nal fault may have occured. Contact your EXCOUNT-II service representative.

11 Prohibited action The user has attempted to do something which is prohibited. For example, it is not permitted to re-transmit an already successful transmission. Turn off the transceiver and restart.

21 Checksum error An error occurred in the data transmission and the data has been lost or corrupted. Interference from a nearby high-frequency source can be a likely cause. Wait 30 seconds before attempting to retransmit the data. Attempt with individual readings rather than total reading (if this was the case).

31 EEPROM data read error The transceiver could not read from the inter-nal EEPROM memory. Turn off the transceiver and restart. If the error persists a serious internal fault may have occured. Contact your EXCOUNT-II service representative.

32 EEPROM data write error

The transceiver could not write to the inter-nal EEPROM memory. Turn off the transcei-ver and restart. If the error persists, contact your EXCOUNT-II service representative.

41 Low temperature The ambient temperature is lower than defi-ned in the database for resistive current mea-surements, (lowest defined temperature is -10 º C). Take measurements at another time.

42 High temperature The ambient temperature is higher than defined in the database for resistive current measurements, (highest defined temperature is +60 º C). Take measurements at another time.



Error code


51 Too low field probe current

The system voltage is too low to generate suf-ficient current in the field probe in the sensor. Check that:a) the line is correctly energized.b) the sensor is correctly mounted.

If none of the above are found to be the cause, take measurements at another time.

52 Too high field probe current

The system voltage is too high and generating excessive current in the field probe in the sensor. Check that:a) the line is correctly energized.b) the sensor is correctly mounted.

If none of the above are found to be the cause, take measurements at another time.

61 Low leakage current The measured leakage current is too low (< 0.2 mApeak). Check that:a) the line is correctly energized.b) the sensor is correctly mounted.

If none of the above are found to be the cause take measurements at another time.

62 High leakage current The measured leakage current is too high (> 12 mApeak). Check that:a) the line is correctly energized.b) the sensor is correctly mounted.

If none of the above are found to be the cause take measurements at another time.If the error persists the surge arrester may be suspect.



Error code


70 Unstable leakage current

A stable value for the leakage current cannot be measured. A likely cause may be an unsta-ble line voltage. Take measurements at another time.

71 Operating voltage out of range

The operating voltage for compensation of resistive leakage current measurement is out of range (0.4 to 0.9 p.u. of arrester Ur). Verify the value given as described in section 5.3.3.1.

80 Sensor not found

Read the safety informa-tion in section 3 carefully before working with the sensor.

The sensor ID was not recognised by any locally present sensor. Wait 30 seconds before retransmitting again. If contact still cannot be established, check:a) the chosen sensor ID is present at this stationb) the distance and orientation to the sensor is

as described in section 4.c) interference from a high frequency sourced) battery status to ensure the transceiver

battery voltage is sufficient.e) antenna status to ensure it is correctly

enabled.

Note! If none of the above are found to be the cause, then consider the following:When the energy in the sensor falls below a certain level, the sensor switches off the listening function (to conserve energy for recording) until such time that the energy level is sufficient again for com-munication. This may occur if many attempts to communicate have been made in a row or because there is insufficient sunlight and/or electrical field. Should unexplained difficulties occur during com-munication, it is suggested to wait until another time to make measurements or else install a 9V battery in the sensor.


Error code


81 Transmission buffer error

The transceiver registred a buffer error. Turn off the transceiver and restart. Attempt with individual readings rather than total reading (if this was the case). If the error persists, a serious internal fault may have occured. Contact your EXCOUNT-II service represen-tative.

82 Connection lost

Read the safety information in section 3 carefully before working with the sensor.

The sensor recognised its ID but the con-nection was lost during the transmission. Wait 30 seconds before re-transmiting again. If the error persists, check:a) the distance and orientation to the sensor is as described in section 4.b) interference from a high frequency sourcec) battery status to ensure the transceiver-

battery voltage is sufficient.d) antenna status to ensure it is correctly

enabled.

Note! If none of the above are found to be the cause, then consider the following:When the energy in the sensor falls below a certain level, the sensor switches off the liste-ning function (to conserve energy for recor-ding) until such time that the energy level is sufficient again for communication. This may occur if many attempts to communicate have been made in a row or because there is insufficient sunlight and/or electrical field. Should unexplained difficulties occur during communication, it is suggested to wait until another time to make measurements or else install a 9V battery in the sensor.



12. Index

Index

Section 11


11. Index

A

Administration 20arrester data 20sensor data 20station data 20transceiver date/time 21windows date/time 21

Antenna 34, 38, 39

B

Battery 12, 14battery check 45

C

Cleaning 32

D

Data cable 9Data transfer 44Dimensions 68Disposal 70

I

ID number 13Insulating base 9

K

Key to the symbols 3

L

Leakage current 46, 47, 54, 58measurement

M

Making measurements 36Measuring principle 9Measurement strategy 42

P

Packet communication protocol 64PC 9Pre-installation 12

R

Radio transmission protocol 64Range of the communication 38Reference measurement 25Resistive leakage current 47, 55, 58

S

Safety instructions 3Sensor 9

antenna 39field probe 58ID-number 20Installation 25Set clock and date 37

Software 15Special configurations 40Surge arrester monitoring 52

leakage current measurements 54resistive leakage current 55surge counting 52

Surge counter data 46Sychronization of the clocks 37


11. Index

T

Technical data 66, 67Total reading 48Transceiver 9

antenna 34, 38battery check 45cleaning 32data transfer 44date/time 50error codes 72, 73, 74, 75functions 33measurement 46menus 44range of the communication 38sychronization of the clocks 37symbols 35


1HS

A 8

01 0

80-1

5en,

Edi

tion

3.2,

201

0-03

ABB ABHigh Voltage Products Surge ArrestersSE-771 80 LUDVIKA, SwedenPhone +46 (0)240 78 20 00Fax. +46 (0)240 179 83E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.abb.com/arrestersonline

NOTE: ABB AB is working continuously to improve the products. We therefore reserve the right to change designs, dimensions and data without prior notice.

user’s manual - abb ltd · install the excount-ii software onto your pc. installation...

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