usefulness of mock exercises for inculcating culture of preparedness by brig (dr) b k khanna, sr....
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USEFULNESS OF MOCK EXERCISES FOR INCULCATING CULTURE OF
PREPAREDNESS
BY
BRIG (DR) B K KHANNA,
Sr. SPECIALIST (TRAINING & CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT)
NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY
Email. <[email protected]>
EFFECT OF JAPANESE THREE DISASTERS:
REVIEW OF EFFECT OF SUCH DISASTERS HAPPENING IN INDIAN CONDITIONS
EARTHQUAKE ZONE IZONE - I
ZONE - I
PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
EARTHQUAKE ZONE II ZONE - II
PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
ZONE - IIMATHURA - Petrochemical industry
KUTHETHOOR -Petrochemical industry
NARIMANAM - Petrochemical industry
CHENNAI -Petrochemical industry
VISHAKAPATNAM -Petrochemical industry
EARTHQUAKE ZONE III ZONE - III
PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
ZONE - IIIPANIPATH - Petrochemical industry
KOYALI - Petrochemical industry
HAZIR - Petrochemical industry
MATHURA - Petrochemical industry
BARAUNI - Petrochemical industry
NAGOTHANE - Petrochemical industry
RABLE - Petrochemical industryMUMBAI- Petrochemical
industry
HALDIA - Petrochemical industry
EARTHQUAKE ZONE IV ZONE - IV
ZONE - IV
Barauni - Petrochemical industry
RABLE - Petrochemical industry
PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
ZONE - V
EARTHQUAKE ZONE V
JAMNAGAR - Petrochemical industry
ZONE - VJAMNAGAR - Petrochemical industry
PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRIES
BONGALGAON - Petrochemical industry
GUWAHATI - Petrochemical industry
DIGBOL - Petrochemical industry
NUMALIGARH Petrochemical industry
FLOOD ZONES IN INDIA
WIND & CYCLONE ZONES
Very high damage risk zone
Highly affected
Moderately affected
LAND SLIDE AFFECTED STATES
NATIONAL DISASTER NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT SYSTEMMANAGEMENT SYSTEM
NDMAHeaded by Prime Minister
Assisted by
NECSecretaries of All Ministries
SDMAHeaded by Chief Minister
Assisted by
SECHeads of All Departments
DDMAHeaded by District Magistrate
Co-Chaired by
Head of Zila Parisad(Elected head of the Dfistrict
Local Body)
INDUSTRIAL VULNERABILITY PROFILE OF INDIA
1. India has 623 districts, 300 districts have Major Accident Hazard (MAH) units. 170 districts have more than 05 MAH Units. 3 States and 4 UTs do not have any MAH units.
2. A total of 1854 MAH Units in India (less the storages of hazardous substances, big warehouses, small factories). ‘On Site’ plans in place of only 1783 MAH Units. 63 MAH Units not even have ‘On Site’ Plans
3. Of 300 districts, 190 districts have ‘Off Site’ plans, but most NOT as per Schedule 12.
4. Mock Drills for ‘Off Site’ Plans rarely carried out.
NEED FOR MOCK DRILLNEED FOR MOCK DRILL
1.1. To Inculcate Culture of Preparedness.To Inculcate Culture of Preparedness.
2.2. To Examine the Plans and SOPs of Identified To Examine the Plans and SOPs of Identified Stakeholders (Industries/Govt/Non-Govt).Stakeholders (Industries/Govt/Non-Govt).
3.3. To Evaluate the Resource Status of various To Evaluate the Resource Status of various Departments.Departments.
4.4. To Coordinate the Activities of Various Agencies To Coordinate the Activities of Various Agencies for their optimum utilization. for their optimum utilization.
5.5. To use the Feed back to identify the gaps and To use the Feed back to identify the gaps and improve the Resource Capabilities to Face improve the Resource Capabilities to Face Actual Disasters.Actual Disasters.
STEPSSTEPSStep 1 1, Coordinating Conference
(a) Delineating objectives of Mock Exercise.(b) Scope of Exercise.(c) Selection of the Industry/ District for Mock Exercise.(d) Date and Venue for Table Top and Mock Exercise.(e) Participants(f) Media Coverage.
Step 22. Table Top Exercise.• Precursor to Mock Exercise.• Worst case scenarios simulated. Scenarios are initially painted at the
operational level of the industry for ‘on site’ plan. The operational staff, supervisory staff and the management respond to various injects. When the ‘on-site’ plan is declared ‘off-site’ by the District Magistrate, the injects are targeted at the Collector/DC and other Stakeholders at District level like Director Industry, SSP, District Health Officer, Fire Officer, Public Services heads, NDRF Team Leader, Communication, Civil Defence, Home Guard, Red Cross, RTO, NGOs Public Relations etc. Responses are elicited and detailed discussion takes place.
• Details of Coordination and Safety are discussed. • The Gaps are identified and Remedial Measures taken.
Step
3. Mock Exercise. • Observers are detailed and format for assessment issued. They are
briefed on their roles during the Mock Exercise.• Self Assessment Formats are given to all stake holders.• Scenarios are formulated after due deliberations and the Mock
Exercise is conducted by painting of scenarios in a sequential
manner by the Observers. • Actions are taken on ground by concerned stake holders by
mobilizing requisite resources on orders of their own departments. • Incident Command Post is established at district level for command
and control. .• Relief Camp is established for evacuees.• Surge capacity is created in nominated Hospitals and Medical Aid
Posts are established at critical areas.
Step 4
After Action Report.
• Detailed debriefing session takes place after the Mock Exercise, where observers, organizers and stake-holders take part.
• The gaps identified are noted and a detailed after action report is made at the NDMA, which after approval is sent to the Chief Secretary and MDs of Industries for taking follow-up action.
• Monitoring is done at NDMA to ensure that the identified gaps are filled in a time bound manner.
SUMMARY OF MOCK EXERCISES SINCE 2006
Sl. Hazard Coordinating Conference
Table Top Mock Exercise
1. Floods Thirty-five Thirty-five Thirty-five
2. Earthquake Forty-five Forty-five Forty-five
3. Cyclone Twenty Twenty Twenty
4. Chemical (incl Pet)
Sixty nine (incl 18 Pet)
Sixty-nine(incl 18 Pet)
Sixty-nine(incl 18 Pet)
5. School Safety One Hundred Thirty - One Hundred Thirty
6 Terrorist Related Thirty Thirty Thirty
7. Urban Fires Fourteen Fourteen Fourteen
8.. CWG,WC & IPL Seventy-five Seventy Seventy-five
Total 418 383 418
STATUS OF THE INITIATIVE
Total Mock Exercises Done so far - 413. States/UT covered - 35 Districts covered - 104. MAH Industries Covered - 69. Petroleum Industries - 18 Industries Sensitized - 127. Industrial workers trained - 1,29,600 Community sensitized - 5.45/>19.9 lac ‘On-site’ Plans made/revisited - 1854/1783 ‘Off-site’ Plans formulated - 300/190. Extensive coverage by print & electronic media. NDMA conducted mocks for CWG, Hockey World Cup, Cricket
World Cup, IPL, DMRC, Kolkata Metro, DIAL, BIAL, Racing Formula 1, INSARAG Regional Exercise on Earthquake.
Increased demand from States, Public and even from private sector.
OTHER MITIGATION INITIATIVES
Issue of National Guidelines on Chemical
(Industrial) Disasters. Organising National and International Level
Seminars/Workshops/Conferences in partnership with PNGRB and FICCI.
General Awareness Campaigns. Capacity Development of first responders
through NDRF Bns. Building Confidence between Admn, Community
and Industries.
LESSONS LEARNT LESSONS LEARNT
LESSONS LEARNT & GAPS IDENTIFIED
1. ‘On Site’ and ‘Off Site’ plans not as per schedule 11 & 12 of MoEF Rules. Revisit and review of plans by professional disaster managers.
2. DM Plans of districts and stakeholders not matching – prepared in isolation or without mutual consultations. Need to synchronize and make plans complimentary.
3. Hazard, Risk and Vulnerability assessment of units not carried out in most cases. Districts and local authorities not aware of the
extent of vulnerability of hazardous material production, even in their neighborhood.
4. Formulation of Emergency Response Centres recommended , in a PPP Model ( 40:40:20)
5. During transportation of hazardous material, parking places to be developed along Highways for vehicles carrying such materials.
6. No proper Occupational Health Centres within the MAH Industries. Trained medical emergency responders are limited in number. Shortage of stretchers, ambulances & antidotes for hazardous materials in nearby hospitals.
6. Concept of TRIAGE and Creation of Surge Capacity in Hospitals not properly understood Scarcity of Burn Wards
7. Search & Rescue Teams not having hand held DM equipment ,like inflatable lighting tower, saws, cutters and drillers, etc.
LESSONS LEARNT & GAPS IDENTIFIED
8. Lack of modern FF eqpt, like mist technology AFT & shortages in manpower.
9. Lack of requisite PPE with the responders.
10. Gate Management. No one to brief and guide first responders
11. Separate and spacious IN/OUT Gates required for smooth movement of responder vehicles.
12. Role of regular stake-holders like Police, Civil Defence and even Medical Responders, in Chemical Disasters is not clear. There is a need to impart short capsules for each of them.
13. Conduct of mock exercises should be entrusted to third party experts to professionally
find actual gaps and weaknesses.
LESSONS LEARNT & GAPS IDENTIFIED
.
13. Conduct of mock exercises should be entrusted to third party experts to professionally find
actual gaps and weaknesses.
14. Concept of Incident Response System not yet understood and hence its implementation is slow.
LESSONS LEARNT & GAPS IDENTIFIED