Use these!

Make sure to change this on student note sheet as well Ask a Question Observations & Background Research Construct a Hypothesis Test Your Hypothesis (Experiment or Gather Data) Analyze Your Data & Draw a Conclusion Communicate Your Results

Improvements

Need better examples of use of scientific method. Especially observations

More examples of flawed experiments and why constants are needed (why they must be kept constant for valid experiment)

Identify what went wrong or what happened in experiments

Identify what happened in graphs Get a real case of the placebo effect happening

Today you are going to…listen as I explain the classroom rules & consequences & begin learning your names

So you can…understand what’s expected of you in this class.

You’ll know you’ve got it when you can Recite the rules & consequences

Bell Ringer 8/27/13

1. List the 3 classroom rules in their entirety.

Bell Ringer 8/27/13 – 4 minGet a sheet of notebook paper and format it as seen

to the left of this screen. C.S. = COMPLETE SENTENCE

1. List the 3 classroom rules in their entirety.

Today you are going to…listen as I explain the course content, policies, & proceduresreceive (books) & notebooksreview the class website

So you can…understand what’s expected of you in this classhave the materials needed for the class

You’ll know you’ve got it when youcan follow the procedureshave a notebook & bookcan access the website

Bell Ringer 8/28/13

1. Where is Mr. Shuster in the morning?2. Where do you look to see what you missed while

you were absent?3. If you have an unexcused absence, you earn a

________ for all work done/due that day.

ScheduleMonday 8/26

Introductions & RulesTuesday

Syllabus, Procedures, Notebooks, & Sci MethodWednesday

Books, Mystery Bag, Sci Method NotesThursday

Lycopodium Demo, Sci Method Project, Sci. Meth NotesFriday

Quiz,

Today you are going to…

take notes on the scientific method & complete a mystery bag activity

So you can…

understand the scientific methodYou’ll know you’ve got it when you

can list the steps & complete the accompanying worksheet.

The Scientific Method

When scientists make observations about the natural world, they are often presented with a question or problem. To solve the problem scientists follow a series of steps called the:

Scientific Method!!Scientific method – series of steps scientists use to investigate problems

The 6 Steps of the Scientific Method

1. State the problem (Ask a question)2. Make observations3. Form a hypothesis4. Test the hypothesis (experiment)5. Draw conclusions6. Communicate the results

Bell Ringer 8/29/13

1. Write the 6 steps of the scientific method in order.

Today you are going to…

see an awesome demo & take notes on the scientific method

So you can…understand the scientific method

You’ll know you’ve got it when youcan list the steps & complete the accompanying worksheet.

1. State the problem (ask the question)

Usually in form of a question

Example – Why does the same kind of plant grow at different rates in different parts of the house?

2. Make observations & gather data Observe – to use any of your senses to

gather information.

Examples This room is white. The air is warm. Acorns taste bitter. Things look bent when they’re in water. Plants get different amounts of sunlight in different

parts of the house.

3. Form A Hypothesis

Hypothesis – a tentative (possible) explanation or answer to the question, “educated guess” Must be testable Often an “If…than” statement Example – If a plant gets more sunlight, than it will

grow faster .

4. Test the hypothesis Once it is established…it must be tested!

How? Conducting experiments

AND/OR Gathering data

Example of an experiment – Take 2 of the same plant. Expose each to a different amount of sunlight and measure the height of each plant every day.

5. Analyze Results & Draw Conclusions

Graphs & tables are often created to organize data

Example – chart the daily growth of each plant

What can you tell by analyzing this graph?

5. Analyze Results & Draw Conclusions Did the results support the hypothesis?

If the hypothesis was NOT supported…the experiment may be repeated to check for errors.

Or Scientists may form a new hypothesis.

Example – The plant that received more sunlight grew more quickly. The results of the experiment support the hypothesis!

Either way, the experiment must be performed many times to be considered reliable.

6. Communicate the Results Share information with other scientists &people Published reports, journals, lectures, internet, etc. Scientists “check” each other’s work and results Example – Publish your results in a biology or

botany magazine How else can results be communicated?

Bell Ringer 8/29/12

1. List the steps of the scientific method in order. (Try from memory before double checking your notes.) 3 min

Bell Ringer 8/31/12

1. Ready your pencil…get one if you need one.2. Separate yourself and fellow students if possible.3. Take everything off of your desk except a

pencil/pen and blank piece of paper.

Bell Work 9/4/12 – 3 min

1. Define hypothesis (c.s.)2. W5SAYWoS

Schedule Review bell work Collect hw Return quizzes & makeup quiz Notebooks Grades worksheet? Calculate grades Notes on parts of an experiment SpongeBob worksheet

Schedule Review bell work Collect hw? Review home experiment Notes on parts of an experiment SpongeBob worksheet

Parts of an Experiment

An experiment may include several things: Variables Control Group & Experimental Group Sample Size Placebo

Variables

Variable – something in an experiment that changes

3 kinds of variables independent, dependent, & constant

Types of Variables Independent variable – controlled by the

scientist (cause) Should change the dependent variable What is the experimental group getting that the control isn’t?

Dependent variable – result measured by the scientist (effect, hopefully) Should depend on the independent variable

Example – Take 2 of the same plant. Expose each to a different amount of sunlight and measure the height of each plant every day.

Constant Variables

Constant variable – a condition that does not change in an experiment…the scientist keeps it the same Must be the same in order for the experiment to be

valid (accurate)

Plants example?

Bell Work 9/3/13 – 4 min

1. Zach is conducting an experiment to see peeing on a jellyfish sting will help it heal faster. Identify the independent variable, dependent variable, and 2 constant variables that might be in his experiment.

2. W5SAYWoS

Groups Often times there are 2 groups in an

experiment.

Experimental group - exposed to independent variable

Control group – not exposed to independent variable

Everything else in the two groups is exactly the same!

Sample Size Sample Size – how much/many do you test?

The bigger the group tested, the more reliable the results are.

(Testing a group of 1,000 will have more reliable results than testing a group of 100.)

Placebo

Placebo – fake substance taken in place of independent variable

Placebo effect – when placebo has an effect on the dependent variable, psychological

An experiment which bounces higher, a frozen tennis ball or a tennis ball at room temperature Hypothesis:

Experimental Group:

Control Group:

Independent Variable:

Dependent Variable:

Constant Variables

An experiment to see if a new type of gasoline will increase the fuel consumption (miles per gallon) of a car Hypothesis:

Experimental Group:

Control Group:

Independent Variable:

Dependent Variable:

Constant Variables

Alana Demonstrates the Scientific Method 1. Why is the scientific method “outstanding”? 2. What is the Alana’s hypothesis? 3. Alana’s hypothesis was incorrect…does this

make her experiment worthless? 4. Identify the independent variable and

dependent variable in this experiment. 5. What evidence was developed during this

experiment?

Bell Work 9/6

Quietly read the paper towel lab procedures.

Procedures Quietly read the paper towel lab procedures.

Staying on task Measuring at eye level Holding paper towel as instructed Accurately timing Cleaning up

Dry cups out and set them near the sink on the side of the room

Return materials (scissors, markers, cups)

Bell Work 9/7/12 – 3 min

1. Dr. Murray wants to test a new medicine to see if it can heal sunburn. Imagine the experiment he would conduct and identify the

1. Experimental group2. Control group3. Independent variable4. Dependent variable5. 2 constant variables

Bell Work 9/11/12 – 4 min1. Mia wants to see if sweet n low increases the

likelihood of cancer. She orders 200 lab rats to test her experiment. Identify the

1. Independent variable2. Dependent variable3. Experimental group4. Control group5. What might the control group receive? 6. W5SAYWoS

Bell Work 9/4/13 – 4 min1. Alida wants to see if a drug she’s created

prevents cancer. She orders 200 lab rats to test her experiment. She gives the drug to all of the rats everyday. After 2 years, none of the rats get cancer.

1. What was Alida’s hypothesis. (If…than…)2. Identify the independent variable and dependent

variable.3. What do you conclude from this experiment?

Bell Work 9/5/13 – 4 minYesterday’s hw?1. On graphs, the independent variable goes on the

_________ axis and the dependent variable goes on the ____________ axis.

2. A ___________________ graph is best for analyzing counted quantities.

3. A ___________________ graph is best for analyzing parts of a whole.

4. A ___________________ graph is best for analyzing trends.

Happy 40th Birthday Mr. Murray!

Today you are going to…take notes on graphstake notes on scientific theories & laws

So you can… choose and create the correct graph in a given scenarioexplain & differentiate between a law & theory

You’ll know you’ve got it when youcomplete the graph creating worksheetanswer the questions on scientific theories & laws

Schedule Tuesday Finish scientific method notes SpongeBob wkst

Wednesday Check HW & review Notes on graphs, laws, & theories

Thursday Notes on graphs, laws, & theories

Friday Scientific notation notes

Monday Scientific notation

Tuesday Graphs? or Review?

Wednesday Test – top score in each class gets something special!!!

Graphs

Pie Graph Bar Graph Line Graph Look at both axes when reading graph

Independent variable is on the axis Dependent variable is on the axis

Pie Graph Percents – parts of a whole

Bar Graph

Used to compare quantities (amounts) Often counted

Line Graph

Used to show trends

Scientific Laws & Theories

Scientific Theory an explanation for observations, events or

facts observed in nature tells how or why something happens based on many experiments…a valid scientific

theory has passed many tests! can change or be disproven at any time A theory CANNOT become a law! Example - Big Bang Theory

Scientific Theories Big Bang Theory The Atomic Theory Cell Theory Germ Theory Theory of Evolution

Scientific Laws Generalizations about how natural world behaves

They simply state that something happens…they don’t say why or how!

Can often be written as a math equation. May change as new data become available.

Example - Law of gravity, laws of thermodynamics

Scientific Laws Newton’s 3 Laws of Motion Universal Law of Gravitation Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion Laws of Thermodynamics

Scientific Laws & Theories

1. How are they similar?2. How are they different?3. Does the phrase “It’s only a theory.” apply to

scientific theories? Why or why not?

A man wants to see if Rogaine will make his hair grow back (he is totally bald). Every day he applies Rogaine to the right half of his head. On the left half he doesn’t apply anything. After one month he notices hair growing on the right half but none on the left. Write the 6 steps of the Scientific method and what he might have done for each step. Identify the independent and dependent variables, the control group, and the experimental group.

6 Steps of the Scientific Method1. Ask a question –

________________________________________

2. Form a hypothesis – ______________________________________

3. Test the hypothesis – ______________________________________

4. Analyze the results - ______________________________________

5. Draw conclusions – ________________________________________

6. Communicate the results – ________________________________________

6 Steps of the Scientific Method1. Ask a question – Will Rogaine make my hair

grow?2. Form a hypothesis – If I put Rogaine on my

scalp, than my hair will grow back.3. Test the hypothesis – Put Rogaine on half of scalp4. Analyze the results – Monitor & measure hair

growth5. Draw conclusions – Rogaine works!6. Communicate the results – He tells all his friends.

A. Jane looks at the clock and realizes the time is not correct.B. Jane realizes that the battery must have died.C. Jane then wonders, “What brand of battery would last the

longest in that clock?”D. She thinks, “I think that the energizer battery would last the

longest.”E. Jane goes to local store and buy Duracell and Energizer

batteries. She places the batteries in the same type of clock and lets the test begin. She checks the clocks every day to see if the batteries are still working.

F. After 3 months, the Duracell battery died. The Energizer battery took 5 months before it died.

G. Jane graphed her results and looked at what she found.H. Finally, Jane says, “I was right! The Energizer battery did last

the longest!”I. Jane then go to tells her friends that Energizers batteries last

longer.

Kira’s Experiment

1. What is Kira’s hypothesis? 2. What were the results of the experiment?

Independent Variable – Dependent Variable –

Did you know?

Tigers have striped skin, not just striped fur.

Thursday – meeting in 235!!!! Bring in your lab info...should be done on computer if

possible Graph does NOT have to be done. Review sheet is NOT due tomorrow, but we’ll go over it.

Review for test Friday

Test on scientific method!

Bell Work 9/7 – 3 minutes Identify the following as true of a scientific

theory, a scientific law, neither, or both.1. State what happens without saying why or how2. May change as new info becomes available3. Explains how or why something happens4. Is an educated guess5. May be expressed in mathematical equation

6. T/F After being supported by many experiments, a theory may become a law.

Bell Work 9/8 – 4 minutes1. Justin wants to design an experiment to see if

drinking orange juice before a test would improve his test scores. Identify his independent and dependent variable.

2. Define placebo.3. Define placebo effect.

On Ze Quiz!

Define hypothesis Identify: hypothesis, independent n dependent

variable, control & experimental group, conclusion

List 6 steps of scientific method in order Tell difference between a law and a theory Define & give example of placebo effect

Witch Experiment As you watch the following experiment, identify

the following. At least 3 pieces of information that suggest the

woman is a witch The problem The hypothesis The experiment The conclusion What flaws did you see?