Unit 5

Packet - P

age 1 of 18

Honors C

hemistry

- Unit 5

Chapter 8 – Chemical Equations

Quiz o

n Diatomic Molecules: Tu

es., N

ov. 9

th Vocab Assig

nment Due: Tu

es., N

ov. 9th

Problem Set Due: W

ed., Nov. 17th

Test D

ate: Fri., N

ov. 19th

VOCABULARY Assig

nment

Use the Tw

o-column Notes fo

rmat/stra

tegy on page 913 (b

lue textbook) to

study/complete your vocabulary assig

nment.

chemica

l reactio

n

reacta

nts

products

single disp

lacement

double disp

lacement

decompositio

n

synthesis

combustio

n

subscrip

t

coefficie

nt

activ

ity se

ries

OBJECTIV

ES:

• Be able to

balance ch

emica

l equatio

ns u

sing co

efficie

nts.

• Be able to

identify

and write

the fiv

e basic ty

pes o

f equatio

ns: sin

gle disp

lacement,

double disp

lacement, sy

nthesis, d

ecompositio

n and co

mbustio

n.

• Be able to

use co

rrect n

otatio

n in

equatio

ns (su

ch as sta

te sy

mbols).

• Be able to

identify

the se

ven diatomic m

olecules a

nd use th

em co

rrectly

in equatio

ns.

• Be able to

use th

e activ

ity se

ries to

write

equatio

ns

SYMBOLS USED IN CHEMICAL EQUATIO

NS

(brief descriptions a

nd table liste

d below)

• State sy

mbols (a

fter fo

rmula) s, l, g

or a

q (b

ook uses cr fo

r crysta

lline so

lid)

• up arro

w (↑

) gas

• down arro

w (↓

) ppt

• �� re

versib

le rx

n

• squiggly lin

e above arro

w = electric cu

rrent o

r with

e- as sh

own below

∆ above arro

w = heat

• temp, p

ressu

re m

ay be writte

n above arro

w

• catalyst m

ay be writte

n below or a

bove arro

w

Unit 5

Packet - P

age 2 of 18

Unit 5

PROBLEM SET – Chemical Equations:

Follow the instru

ctions fo

r the cover page for Problem Sets.

Show your w

ork on all p

roblems. C

redit w

ill not be given without w

ork.

Include units o

n your answers.

Review Questions:

1. Name th

e fo

llowing:

A. F

eSO

4

B. B

aCl2

C. C

O

D. N

H4 N

O2

2. Write

the fo

rmula fo

r the fo

llowing:

A. d

iphosphorus trisu

lfide

B. co

balt (III) ca

rbonate

C. silv

er su

lfide

3. Nico

tine, a

component o

f tobacco

, is 74.1 perce

nt C

, 8.6 perce

nt H

and 17.3 perce

nt N

by m

ass; th

e m

olar m

ass is a

bout 1

62.5 g. W

hat is n

icotin

e’s e

mpirica

l form

ula? Its

molecular fo

rmula?

4. A. H

ow m

any fo

rmula units in

78.3 g of le

ad (II) p

hosphate?

B. C

alcu

late th

e m

olarity

of a

1.5 lite

r solutio

n of 4

98.6 g of le

ad (II) p

hosphate.

5. Calcu

late th

e perce

nt co

mpositio

n of a

luminum dich

romate.

Current U

nit M

aterial:

6. Write

balanced equatio

ns fo

r the fo

llowing re

actio

ns:

A. Calciu

m m

etal is a

dded to

water.

B. A so

lutio

n of tin

(II) chlorid

e is a

dded to

a so

lutio

n of iro

n (III) su

lfate

C. Chlorin

e gas is b

ubbled in

to a so

lutio

n of lith

ium io

dide.

D. C

3 H8 is b

urned in

oxygen

7. How is 2

Cl d

ifferent fro

m Cl2 ?

8. Octa

ne, C

8 H18, is a

component o

f gasolin

e. W

rite th

e balanced equatio

n fo

r the

complete co

mbustio

n of o

ctane. (e

xtra credit)

9. The poiso

nous g

as, h

ydrogen su

lfide, ca

n be neutra

lized with

a base su

ch as N

aOH

producin

g water a

nd so

dium su

lfide. A

student a

sked to

write

a balanced equatio

n fo

r

the re

actio

n wrote th

e fo

llowing:

Na

2 OH(a

q) +

H2 S

(g) ��� �

Na

2 S (a

q) +

H2 O

(l)

A. Is th

is equatio

n co

rrect?

B. E

xplain why or w

hy not, a

nd su

pply th

e co

rrectly

balanced equatio

n if n

ecessa

ry.

Unit 5

Packet - P

age 3 of 18

CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND REACTIONS

Chemical Equation: re

presents with

symbols and fo

rmulas th

e re

acta

nts and products

Example:

Reacta

nts

yield

s

Products

Fe2 O

3 +

2 Al �

2 Fe + Al2 O

3

Equatio

ns m

ust:

Represent k

nown fa

cts – all re

acta

nts a

nd products m

ust b

e in

cluded

Contain correct fo

rmulas

Coeffic

ients: n

umbers in

front o

f compounds/e

lements

Represents th

e number o

f moles

Subscrip

ts: n

umbers in

the fo

rmulas

They are never ch

anged!

Symbols used in

equatio

ns are on your o

bjectiv

e sheet !

WRITING AND BALANCING EQUATIONS

Diatomic molecules: O

ccur in

pairs in

their n

atural state (w

hen th

ey are alone and not io

nic, n

ot

in co

mpounds) –

Notice

there are 7 of th

ese and th

ey m

ake a 7 shape on th

e PT!!!!!

Memorize!! (q

uiz):

Writin

g &

Bala

ncin

g E

quatio

ns

�D

iato

mic

mole

cule

s –

occur in

pairs

in th

eir n

atu

ral s

tate

(whe

n th

ey a

re a

lon

e; n

otin

com

poun

ds)

I2 , Br2 , C

l2 , F2 , O

2 , N2 , H

2(*Q

uiz

*)

I IB

rB

ring C

lC

lay F F

or O O

ur N N

ew

H Ho

use

or

H His

Br

Bro

wn

Cl

Clo

wn F F

ou

nd N N

o O O

ranges I In

sid

e

Unit 5

Packet - P

age 4 of 18

When writin

g equatio

ns y

ou m

ust s

atisfy

the law of conservation matter

(matter ca

n not be crea

ted or destro

yed)

Therefore we m

ust h

ave th

e same ty

pe and number o

f each atom on each sid

e of th

e

equatio

n.

BALANCING EQUATIONS: 4 steps:

1. S

tart w

ith a word equatio

n

2. C

onvert to

a fo

rmula equatio

n (d

on’t fo

rget th

e diatomic m

olecules!)

3. B

alance with

coefficie

nts:

balance each atom one at a

time

balance polyatomic io

ns o

n each side of th

e equatio

n as one unit

balance H

and O la

st (they ofte

n appear in

more th

an one co

mpound)

4. C

heck; if co

efficie

nts a

re not th

e lo

west p

ossible; re

duce down.

*****Remember NEVER change subscripts*****

Examples:

1. w

ater b

reaks down in

to hydrogen and oxygen

2. a

luminum ca

rbide re

acts w

ith water to

produce m

ethane gas (C

H4 ) a

nd aluminum hydroxide

3. N

a2 SO

4 + L

iCl �

Li2 SO

4 + N

aCl

You try

:

1. ca

lcium oxide re

acts

with

bromine to

make ca

lcium bromide and oxygen

2. B

a(N

O3 )

2 + PbO

2 � BaO + Pb(N

O3 )

4

Unit 5

Packet - P

age 5 of 18

Unit 5

Packet - P

age 6 of 18

Unit 5

Packet - P

age 7 of 18

Unit 5

Packet - P

age 8 of 18

Unit 5

Packet - P

age 9 of 18

BALANCING CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Balance th

e fo

llowing re

actio

ns:

1.

K3 PO

4 +

HCl �

KCl

+

H3 PO

4

2.

Na

+

HNO

3 �

NaNO

3 +

H2

3.

S

+

O2 �

SO

3

4.

Ca(ClO

3 )2

�

CaCl2

+

O2

5.

C2 H

12 +

O

2 � C

O2

+

H2 O

6. Potassiu

m io

dide + le

ad (II) n

itrate �

potassiu

m nitra

te + le

ad (II) io

dide

7. Iro

n (III) o

xide + ca

rbon �

carbon m

onoxide + iro

n

8. Mercu

ry (II) o

xide �

mercu

ry + oxygen

9. Calciu

m + aluminum ch

lorid

e �

calciu

m ch

lorid

e + aluminum

10. M

ercu

ry (I) n

itrate + so

dium ca

rbonate �

sodium nitra

te + m

ercu

ry (I) ca

rbonate

11. Potassiu

m bromide + aluminum nitra

te �

potassiu

m nitra

te + aluminum bromide

12. C

alciu

m phosphate + aluminum su

lfate �

calciu

m su

lfate + aluminum phosphate

13. R

ubidium + acetic a

cid �

rubidium acetate + hydrogen

Unit 5

Packet - P

age 10 of 18

Equation Writin

g

Balance and ID

the following rxns:

1. Zn + H

2 SO

4 �

ZnSO

4 + H

2

2. Na + Br2 �

NaBr

3. H

2 O �

H2 +

O2

4. Cl2 +

KI �

KCl +

I2

5. HNO

3 + LiO

H �

H2 O

+ LiN

O3

6. C

3 H8 +

O2 �

CO

2 + H

2 O

7. Sodium + io

dine �

sodium io

dide

8. Zinc +

hydrochloric a

cid �

zinc ch

lorid

e and hydrogen gas

9. Potassiu

m hydroxide heated yields p

otassiu

m oxide and water

10. M

agnesiu

m and water p

roduce m

agnesiu

m hydroxide and hydrogen gas

Reaction Prediction

1. Tin (II) a

nd co

pper (II) su

lfate

2. Iro

n (III) n

itrate and so

dium ch

romate

3. Calciu

m and io

dine

4. Magnesiu

m and su

lfuric a

cid

5. Calciu

m oxide electro

lyzed

6. Carbon and oxygen

7. Sodium ca

rbonate and hydrochloric a

cid

8. Iro

n (II) su

lfide electro

lyzed

9. Platin

um (II) a

nd le

ad (II) n

itrate

10. Lith

ium oxide and water

11. C

2 H4 +

O2

Unit 5

Packet - P

age 11 of 18

WR

ITIN

G C

HE

MIC

AL

EQ

UA

TIO

NS

Write b

ala

nced

equ

atio

ns fo

r the fo

llow

ing

reactio

ns a

fter iden

tifyin

g th

e typ

e of rea

ction

.

1.

aluminum su

lfate + ca

lcium phosphate

2.

magnesiu

m ch

lorid

e + m

anganese (III) n

itrate

3.

Hydrogen gas +

oxygen gas

4.

Stro

ntiu

m m

etal +

copper (II) n

itrate

5.

copper (II) o

xide + su

lfuric a

cid

6.

nitro

gen gas +

lithium m

etal

7.

C4 H

8 + O

2

8.

sodium bromide + oxygen gas

9.

copper (II) n

itride (h

eated)

10.

potassiu

m m

etal +

water

11.

C3 H

8 + oxygen gas

12.

ammonium su

lfate + so

dium ch

lorid

e

13.

NiO

+ S

Unit 5

Packet - P

age 12 of 18

REACTIO

N TY

PES

1. Synthesis: (o

r compositio

n):

2 or more substances combine to form 1 new substance

A + X � AX

Ex’s:

2. Decompositio

n:

A single substance produces 2 or more sim

pler substances

AX � A + X

Ex’s:

Electrolysis:

Ex:

3. Single Disp

lacement (Replacement):

1 element replaces a sim

ilar element in a cmpd

A + BX � AX + B

Hint: In

reactions write water as HOH.

Ex’s:

Unit 5

Packet - P

age 13 of 18

4. D

ouble Disp

lacement (Replacement):

The ions of 2 cmpds sw

itch places to form 2 new cmpds.

AX + BY � AY + BX

*often one of the new cmpds will be a ppt.

Ex’s:

5. C

ombustio

n:

When a substance combines with oxygen releasing a large amount of energy in

the form of lig

ht and heat.

Often combustions involve a hydrocarbon : cmpd containing C and H

Cx H

y + O

2 � C

O2 +

H2 O

Ex.

Group Practice: ID

, Write

& Balance the following equations:

1. C

2 H4 +

O2 �

2. Bariu

m + Copper (II) ch

lorid

e

3. O

2 + Ca

4. PbCl4 +

Al(N

O3 )3

5. CaCl2

Unit 5

Packet - P

age 14 of 18

Double Displacement R

eactions & Solubility

Rules:

Solubility

Rules:

Answ

er th

e fo

llowing questio

ns in

the sp

ace provided.

1. Use your so

lubility

rules to

determ

ine if th

e fo

llowing su

bsta

nces a

re so

luble (S

) or

insoluble (I) in

water.

a. NaC

2 H3 O

2

f. K

3 PO

4

b. Li2 SO

4

g. C

aCO

3

c. Bariu

m hydroxide

h. N

aCl

d. AgCl

i. PbI2

e. MgBr2

j. HNO

3

Practice Writin

g Dissolution of Solids Equations:

Write

the net io

nic e

quatio

n fo

r the disso

lutio

n of th

e fo

llowing co

mpounds.

Sample: B

aCl2 (s) �

Ba+1(aq) +

2Cl-1(aq)

a. Na3 PO

4 (s) �

b. K

2 SO

4 (s) �

c. KOH (s) �

d. CaI2 (s) �

e. Mg(N

O3 )2 (s) �

Unit 5

Packet - P

age 15 of 18

Net Io

nic Equations:

Steps fo

r writin

g a net io

nic e

quatio

n

1. Write

a balanced equatio

n.

2. Use your so

lubility

rules to

determ

ine so

lubility

and break so

luble co

mpounds in

to io

ns

(with

charges!). L

eave in

soluble co

mpounds to

gether w

ithout a

ny ch

arges!

3. Cancel o

ut sp

ecta

tor io

ns –

if everything ca

ncels w

rite no net re

actio

n.

4. Write

the fin

al e

quatio

n – in

clu

de sta

te symbols!

Example 1:

AgNO

3 + M

gCl2 �

Example 2:

HNO

3 + Ba(O

H)2 �

You tr

y:

K2 S +

Al(N

O3 )3 �

Unit 5

Packet - P

age 16 of 18

Solubility

Rules and Net Io

nic Equations Worksheet

Which

of th

e fo

llowing co

mpounds a

re so

luble in

water?

RbOH

CrC

O3

PbCl2

TiI

BaS

KC

2 H3 O

2

Which

of th

e fo

llowing co

mpounds a

re in

soluble in

water?

NH

3 (g)

Ba(O

H)2

PbI2

CaSO

4 K

2 SO

3 (N

H4 )3 PO

4

Write

net io

nic e

quatio

ns fo

r the fo

llowing re

actio

ns:

1. Ba(N

O3 )2 +

Na2 SO

4 � BaSO

4 + 2 N

aNO

3

2. sodium hydroxide + zinc (II) n

itrate �

sodium nitra

te + zinc (II) h

ydroxide

3. PbCl2 +

Na2 SO

4 �

4. Silv

er n

itrate and ca

lcium bromide �

Unit 5

Packet - P

age 17 of 18

5. sulfu

ric acid

and so

dium ch

lorid

e produce hydrochloric a

cid and so

dium su

lfate

6. LiO

H + H

2 S �

7. aluminum ch

lorid

e and iro

n (III) n

itrate �

8. ammonium ch

lorid

e + potassiu

m hydroxide �

potassiu

m ch

lorid

e + ammonia (g

) +

water

9. rubidium ca

rbonate + stro

ntiu

m acetate �

Unit 5

Packet - P

age 18 of 18

Activity Series

Pg 265-267

1. What is th

e activ

ity se

ries

2. Where are th

e m

ost a

ctive elements fo

und in

the se

ries?

3. Look at th

e sa

mple Questio

ns 8

-6 on pg 266 th

en do th

e practice

questio

ns

4. Do th

e se

ction re

view 1-2 on page 267.

Activity Series Practice

(Use the series for single displacement reactions or synthesis reactions with oxygen):

I. Based on th

e activ

ity se

ries o

f metals a

nd halogens, circle

the element w

ithin each pair th

at is m

ore lik

ely

to re

place th

e other in

a co

mpound?

K and N

a

Al a

nd N

i

Bi a

nd Cr

Cl a

nd F

Cl a

nd I

Fe and Sr

I a

nd F

Au and Ag

II. Usin

g th

e activ

ity se

ries o

f metals a

nd halogens, p

redict w

hether e

ach of th

e possib

le re

actio

ns lis

ted

below will o

ccur. F

or th

e re

actio

ns th

at w

ill occu

r, write

the products a

nd balance th

e equatio

n:

Ni(s) +

CuCl2 (aq) �

Zn(s) +

Pb(N

O3 )

2 (aq) �

Cl2 (g) +

KI(aq)

�

Cu(s) +

FeSO

4 (aq) �

Ba(s) +

H2 O(l) �

Na2 SO

4 (aq) +

Ba(N

O3 )

2 (aq) �

CuCl2 (aq) +

Mg(N

O3 )

2 (aq)

�

III. Use th

e activ

ity se

ries to

predict w

hether e

ach of th

e fo

llowing sy

nthesis re

actio

ns w

ill occu

r, and w

rite

the ch

emica

l equatio

ns fo

r those predicte

d to

occu

r:

Ca(s) +

O2 (g)

�

Ni(s) +

O2 (g) �

Au(s) +

O2 (g) �