Use of Smart Dust in Blood Unit Temperature Monitoring

Group 25

James Lin BME

Adam Lowisz CompE

Advisor Dr. Dan France

Advisor Dr. Paul King

BackgroundBackground Blood units need to be stored below 10 degree C; if it goes above that temperature, it is discarded.Patricia Blocker, Supervisor of Blood Bank

Blood stored at room temperature in plastic bags make it susceptible to development of bacteria (sepsis), which may lead to mortality.

Many cases of wasted blood units are unreported. Dr. France & Dr. St. Jacques of Anesthesiology Dept.

Improper handling causes blood to be wasted; many “blood units are returned without any used, and many are never even picked up.” Dr. Anne Neff

NumbersNumbers

3922 units of blood products are lost at Vanderbilt Medical Center in 2001; of those, 2292 units resulted in financial loss.

$215/ pint of blood. Every year Vanderbilt University

Medical Center loses $600k+ on blood unit losses. Dr. France

Significant cost associated with collecting, testing, preparing components, labeling, storing and

shipping

Significant cost associated with collecting, testing, preparing components, labeling, storing and

shipping

Significant cost associated with collection Collecting Testing Preparing components Labeling Storing and shipping blood Recruiting and educating

donors Quality assurance

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) Hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) Hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibody (anti-HIV-1 and anti-HIV-2) HTLV-I and HTLV-II antibody (anti-HTLV-I and anti-HTLV-II) Serologic test for syphilis Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) for HIV-1 and HCV NAT for WNV

Problem DescriptionProblem Description

What can we do to preserve the blood units through temperature monitoring and prevent blood units from being handled improperly? Smart Dust from Crossbow

Technology to monitor the blood units!

Crossbow Wireless Smart DustsCrossbow Wireless Smart Dusts Mote, also called processor/radio module MICA2DOT

3rd Generation, Quarter-sized (25mm), Wireless Smart Sensors TinyOS - for communications and processing Battery Powered - Low Mass Wireless Communications with Every Node as a Router

Capability 433 MHz Multi-Channel Radio Transceiver (compatible with

MICA2/MPR4xx Series) Prototype and Data Acquisition Board MDA 500

Allows connection to all of the major I/O signals of the MICA2DOT

Serial gateway MIB510 Low-Voltage Detection Circuit MICA2DOT LEDS mirrored on board for easy debug No computer parallel port is needed for programming Addresses and fixes the issues related to UISP programming problems, flash

errors.

Mote + Sensor = Smart Sensor!

Project SolutionProject Solution

Motivation: The project was motivated by the Crossbow Smart Dust Challenge to use smart dust and wireless technology to positively impact society.

Idea for monitoring blood bags to prevent wasting blood came from Dr. Dan France, our advisor, a Research Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology and of Medicine.

Project DefinitionProject Definition

Objectives: To design a prototype that monitors the temperature of blood units and wirelessly transmits data through a mesh network to a central server from which staff can be alerted if there are any complications with the bags.

Proposed System InterfaceProposed System Interface

Blood bag

Smart Dust

Blood bag

Smart Dust

Mote

Gateway

OR or ER

PCPC: -database SQL -Mote-VIEW & Surge-VIEW -Cygwin nesC

Blood Bank

Serial connection

Proposed Blood Unit to Smart Dust Interface 1

Proposed Blood Unit to Smart Dust Interface 1

Advantages Ready to use Attached to bag

implies less error Disadvantage

Need a specific manufacturer for electronics sleeve

Can cost more in long term

Proposed Blood Unit to Smart Dust Interface 2

Proposed Blood Unit to Smart Dust Interface 2

Advantage Modularity in Design One time cost No need for specific

bag manufacturer

Disadvantages Human error Cooling interference

Market PotentialsMarket Potentials Clients: hospitals and blood banks Competitor: currently there are no competitors with

similar project objectives Cost of prototype is accessible to most hospitals. Roughly $530 for 1 gateway to PC, 3 motes, and 3

external data prototype boards; able to monitor 2 blood bags simultaneously

Application Characteristcs No or little IT infrastructure Cabling cost and time: $40 to $2000 / foot

Assumptions Traditional Sensor NetworksSensor Cost $2,00 $350Data Acquisition Cost $65 $0Wiring Cost $75 $15Cost per Sensor $2,140 $365

Total Cost $139,100 $23,725

Social ImpactSocial Impact

Less blood collection will be required from the blood banks

Preservation of blood unit products Preservation of life through better

use of blood

Work CompletedWork Completed

The devices have been ordered and received. Mote (radio/processor module) MICA2DOT….$115.00 Prototype Sensor board Module MDA500……$30

Available to attach external analog input sensors

Serial Gateway………….……………………..$95.00

Work Completed (continued)Work Completed (continued)

The devices have been assembled Multitude of material reading

material that came with the devices has been read

Work Completed (continued)Work Completed (continued)

Research completed MICA2DOT

Interface

Programming the motes trying out small sample applications on a CD that came with

the motes trying to program event detection programming interrupt functions

Testing the motes do they communicate with the computer? do the LED’s work? is the gateway interfacing with the computer? is code running on the mote processors? is the thermoster working properly?

Testing software Mote-VIEW & Surge-VIEW

Current WorkCurrent Work

Future WorkFuture Work

Obtaining a blue print of the Free Electron Laser Center for possible prototype testing and deployment

An in-depth cost analysis of implementing the system in all the OR’s

Correspondence with other blood banks (e.g. Red Cross) in the area to gather additional interests/investment in the project

ReferencesReferences

Dr. Paul St. Jacques Dr. Anne Neff Dr. Dan France Dr. Jim Hutchinson Mr. Efosa Ojomo http://www.svch.net/bloodless/press_blood_supply.a

sp

Questions?Questions?