use of pheromones and kairomones in pest...
TRANSCRIPT
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Use of Pheromones and Kairomones
in Pest management
& Standard experimental designs
Oscar E. Liburd, Ph.D
Professor of Entomology
Department of Entomology
University of Florida
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Uses of pheromones in pest management
1) To monitor populations of insect pests
2) They are used in attract-kill-programs
3) To prevent mating in orchards
pestmortem.com/pherotrap.html
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Sex pheromones - Usually produced by females to attract males
for mating, but they may also be produced by males to
attract females
Aggregation pheromones – responsible for the aggregation /
congregation of insects at food sites or reproductive habitats.
They are very common in bark beetles
Trail-marking pheromones – These chemicals are produced by
ants and termites which allow other members of the colony
to follow or locate their position
Alarm pheromones – Common in social insects such as ants and
bees. They stimulate attack or retreat behaviors
Types of Pheromones
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Sex pheromones
Detection of sex pheromones
Antennae
http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=8qyuSFMBq8ilLM&tbnid=XZtDb5c6VCLc7M:&ved=0CAgQjRwwAA&url=http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/art-53025/Like-other-insects-moths-and-butterflies-have-four-wings-six&ei=P9T-UZr1Bo_Y9QTMnIAw&psig=AFQjCNEKOWRO7iThEAadycOMPloVU9V4XQ&ust=1375741375183919
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Pheromone versus non-pheromone trap
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How does mating disruption works?
Washington State Univ
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1) Hand-applied dispensers
Rate: 200-500 / acre
2) Aerosol emitters
Rate: 1-2 / acre
3) Sprayable microencapsulated formulations
Commercially available disruption techniques
Greatly magnified
Photo credit: ISCA Tech.
Stelinski 2007
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Grape root borer study using different deployment techniques
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Sample date
Control Plot A Plot B Plot C
Grape root borer study using different deployment tech
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Rubber septum
release device
Baited sticky
trap
Methods to evaluate pheromone efficacy
Trap-shut down
Fruit injury counts
Counting of pupal skins
Dissecting females to
determine whether or not
they have mated
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Mechanisms in mating disruption
Sensory fatigue
unresponsive receptors on antennae
habituation in central nervous system
False trail-following – male moths follow synthetic pheromone
plume as opposed to the plume from a
female moth
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LastCallGRB®
Newly applied versus 6 wk
Attract-and-kill systems with pheromone
A pest control device consisting mainly of an attractant and a toxicant
3 droplets per vine
Contained 0.16% of
the GRB pheromone
and 6% Pyrocide
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Mating disruption control techniques
Advantages
Disadvantages
Specific
Long Lasting
Difficult for insects to
develop resistance
Non-toxic
Mostly effective for low to
moderate pest populations
Can be costly
Does not kill pest (immigration)
Not a stand alone control
method
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Conducting an Experiment
Hypothesis
Reduced-risk pesticides can effectively suppress populations of
cranberry tipworm in blueberries
Specific Objectives
• Evaluate conventional and reduced-risk insecticides for their
effectiveness in controlling cranberry tipworm / blueberry gall
midge
• To identify potential reduced-risk insecticides that can be used in
an IPM program for controlling cranberry tipworm / blueberry
gall midge
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Plot Treatment
Randomized Complete Block Design
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Experimental Field
Plot Treatment
Completely Randomized Design
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Split Plot Design
Whole plot treatment (two insecticides) and subplot (4 varieties)
Malathion Bt
Rep 1 Rep 3 Rep 2
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