use of building regulation in designing building
TRANSCRIPT
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Legislation & Building Regulationsin designing a facility (Building)With Special Emphasis on Uniform BuildingBy-Law (UBBL) & Islamic Principles
Presented by:
Ar.Assoc.Prof.Norwina Mohd.Nawawi
Dept. of Architecture, KAED,IIUM
AAR 2200 Architectural Design 2, Sem 2, 03/04
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UIA/UNESCO Charter for ArchitecturalEducation:II Education & objectives
Architectural students should be made aware ofthe political and financial motivations behindclients briefs and building regulations in orderto foster ethical framework for decision makingwithin the built environment. Young architects
are encouraged to assume responsibilities asprofessionals within society.
http://www.uia-architectes.org/texte/england/Education/2Charte.htm
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Story Line Introduction What are Legislations & Building Regulations?
Which agencies are responsible for issuing theseregulations?
Why do you need to adhere to these rules?
How and when do you refer to them while you aredesigning?
What would be the implication if these rules are not
adhered to? Will the rules curb innovation and creativity?
Summary
References
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Introduction
This input lecture is intended to introduce
students of architecture to graduallyconcede their design to the requirementslaid by established regulations of thelocality without hindering the creativity
and innovativeness in producing works ofarchitecture.
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It is aimed to provide awareness to students ofarchitecture on the existence of rules and
regulations in all stages of design from whichstudents are expected to adhere to theprinciples of its provision.
It is to be reminded that rules are basicallyprovided within range of minimum standardsbounded in legal documents for reference.
These rules co refer to other building codes ,standards and guidelines relevant to the subjectimplied.
Introduction
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For the purpose of this lecture, only Malaysianregulations are referred. Students may refer toother countrys rules and regulations where
relevant such as code of practice. It is important to note that other than building
laws, there are unwritten cultural and religiouslaws to designing buildings such as the FengShui and Vastu laws, besides the Islamic
principles in accordance with the Shariah The lecture serves as a guide and students are
expected to do own research on the respectiverules and regulations relevant to their projects.
Introduction
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What are Building Regulations?
Building regulations are basically rules,laws,ordinance, statutes, regulations, or codes passed bythe highest law making body of the country orparliament pertaining to building development.
These rules or regulations are carefully compiledand tailored in written documents and editoriallystructured for easy reference for those involved inthe building industry and mandatory to be applied.
These laws are standardised and rationalised as theminimum standard for health and safety particularlyin regulating issues related to fire, structural ability,health, security, and energy conservation.
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Why do you need to adhere to these rules? Building codes or regulations are intended to protect
the publicby establishing minimum standards ofsafety i.e. by providing minimum guideline forconstruction and inspection of a structure to preventfire, structural collapse, electrical wiring, heatingequipment, ventilation, day-lighting, sanitaryfacilities, care for the disable and generaldeterioration.
Building regulations are intended to protect others orconsumers from short sighted individuals whom asclients, they often assume they can build whateverthey wish on their property.
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Which agencies are responsible forissuing these regulations?
In Malaysia, these agencies are as follows: Local Authority ( e.g.City Hall, Town Council),
Fire Department Public Works Department
Department of Town & Country Planning
Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment
Ministry of Housing and Local Government
Others Under respective acts and by-laws e.g. National Land Code,
Strata Title Act, Local Government Act, Town and CountryAct, Streets and Drainage Act, Uniform Building By Laws,Fire Services Act, Housing and Development Act, other
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How and when do you refer to them while
you are designing?
Site Analysis and Site Planning stage by gettingplanning requirements from the local authoritywith regards to
Land use
Setback
Plot ratio
Distance from one road junction to another
Parking spaces Tree preservation
etc
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Site Planning Stage
100 m from junction
Roadway
Build-able
Area
Min 6m setback for
boundaries at roadfront
Min setback 3m fromfence of buildinganother lot
ProposedAccess Notes:
Check benchmarksIdentify treesIdentify services
Surveyed
Benchmarks
(need to find out whether this road are proposed
to be the future highway or elevated highway,etc)
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Site Planning Stage
Allow for
Fire EngineRoute
Fire
Hydrant
location
Allow for min 4.5
min height for Fire
Engine to move
under the building
Ventilation &
daylight
requirements
Provision
for Bus
Stops
Provision of adequateparking spaces
Parking spaces for the disable
Sub Station
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During Designing the Building Stage(refer UBBL Part II, III, V, VI, VII, VIII,
IX) Submission of Plans for Approval
Space, Light and Ventilation
Structural Requirements
Constructional Requirements Fire Requirements
Miscellaneous
How and when do you refer to them while
you are designing?
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Submission of Plans for Approval
Clause 9. All plans to be drawn to the followingscales: Siteplans ..not less than 1: 1000
Key plans or location plan ..any convenient scale
All other general building plans Not less than 1=100 except in special cases where the size
renders drawings to this scale to be impracticable toaccommodate within the limitations of paper sizes or whendrawings are of unwieldly dimensions, the local authoritymay use its discretion to permit plans to be submitted to a
smaller scale but in no case shall be less than 1=200. Sketch plans approval in principle for not less than
1=200
All plans may be drawn in International systems ofUnits.
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Clause 10. (1) All plans in respect of anybuilding shall, unless inapplicable, contain thefollowing:
(a) A site plan showing- The site of the proposed building lot together with the
number of the lot and the section number; The means of access to the site from the street and the
name of the street;
The distance from the centre and side of the roadwaydistinctly figured on one of such plans;
And so on
(b) A floor plan
( c ) Cross, longitudinal
Clause 12, 14, 15,16,18
Submission of Plans for Approval
Ref: UBBL(1984)
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Space, Light & Ventilation
Clause 32(1) the open space for buildingsabutting a street and backlane shall be-
(a) in respect of residential buildings, not less thanone third of the built area of the building lot; and
(b) in respect of other buildings used for non-residential purposes, not less than one tenth of thebuilt area of the building lot
Clause 32(2) For the purpose of calculating the
open space required Clause 32 (3), Clause 33, 34, 35, 36,
37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47 Ref: UBBL(1984)
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Constructional Requirements
Clause 81, 82, 83,84,85, 86,87,88,89,91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99,100,103,104,
105, 106,107,108,109, 110,111,112,113,114, 115,116
Stairs, use of timber, party wall,drainage etc
Ref: UBBL(1984)
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Fire Requirements
Clause 133-135: Interpretation
Clause 136: compartment wall
Clause 137: Building height exceeding30m?
other
(refer handout)
Ref: UBBL(1984)
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Miscellaneous
Third Schedule (by law 41) on M&E
Fourth Schedule (by-law 56, 59) onstructural requirements
Fifth Schedule ( by law 134, 138) onpurpose group of bldg forcompartmentalisation
other
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Islamic Perspective to BuildingRegulations
Those who listen to the word,and follow thebest (meaning) in it: those are the ones,whom Allah has guided,and those are the
ones endued with understandingQuran 39:18
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The tradition of Islam embodies many principles ofsocial organisation and behaviour. These principleshave been established by this tradition to make thelife of believers correspond to its objectives and
message. Following these principles, as earlyMuslims did, creates harmonious social and physicalenvironments, but to ignore them would violate thetradition itself and adversely effect the social andphysical conditions of Muslim life ..the essential
principles ..for Muslim society and its livingenvironment .towards understanding Islam as atradition of values and not one of rules
Ref: Hisham Mortada,2003, Traditional Islamic Principles of Built Environment,Routledge Curzon.
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Islam is a way of life with socialidealsand if there are ordinances, theyare established only to support theseidealstherefore, goes beyond rules that
Islam has set up by exploring andexplaining the reasons behind them.
Ref: Hisham Mortada,2003, Traditional Islamic Principles of Built Environment,Routledge Curzon.
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Focus of Islamic Law-the Shariah The social principles : Social scale
Society,
Neighbourhood
Family
Individual Traditional Islamic principles concerning the
physical environment of Muslims: socia-spatialhierarchy Natural environment
Urban environment or city Neighbourhood
house
Ref: Hisham Mortada,2003, Traditional Islamic Principles of Built Environment,Routledge Curzon.
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Shariah as defined
..much more than an ordinary legal system, or merelyreligious doctrine of law
..simultaneously religious law, natural and positive
law. It relates Man to God. Its origin is divine, itsobjective is human. It deals with the present and thehereafter, encompassing all aspects of human action,whether latent or manifest, open or hidden. It is atonce universal and particular, absolute and relative,
general and specific, strict and flexible. It tempersformal justice with equity, guarantees liberty,encourages excellence and fights abuse
Hammdah Abd Al Ati-Muslim Scholar
Ref:HishamMorta
da,2003,TraditionalIslamicPrinciplesofBuiltE
nvironment,Routledge
Curzon.
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Shariah prescribes directives for the regulation of
the Muslim individual as well as society. Thesedirectives inspire various human activities includingjudicial system, and the laws
Its directives tell what is good and bad, what isbeneficial and useful and what is injurious andharmful and what are virtues which Muslims have tocultivate and encourage and what are the evilswhich Muslims have to suppress and guardagainst.
Shariah is the embodiment of the concept oftawhidand its every detail springs from it, its structurerests on the concept of sovereignty and compliancewith Gods willRef: Hisham Mortada,2003, Traditional Islamic Principles of Built Environment,Routledge Curzon.
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Shariah-define the objectives as the promotion of welfare of people
which lies in safe guarding their faith,
their life, their intellect, their posterity,their property and concludes thatwhatever ensures the safeguard of thesefive serves public interest and is
desirable Imam AlGhazali
Ref: Hisham Mortada,2003, Traditional Islamic Principles of Built Environment,Routledge Curzon.
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Shariahs perspective to Customs and
Traditions of the locality
The implementation ofurfor customarytradition as circumscribed by the rule
that as long as the urfdoes notcontradict Islamic principles, it isacceptable.
Ref: Hisham Mortada,2003, Traditional Islamic Principles of Built Environment,Routledge Curzon.
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Directions of Shariah Ordinances
Ordinances or principles come in 2 forms Concerned with the general ordinances which
are fixed or constant and cannot be changedwhether in aim or in implementation such asthose mentioned in the Quran or Sunnah I.e.haram or halal;
Concerns those that provide detailed legislationon matters rooted in the basic elements of
human nature or human understanding of theShariah. The aim is fixed but its implementationis flexible..
Ref: Hisham Mortada,2003, Traditional Islamic Principles of Built Environment,Routledge Curzon.
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Examples of Islamic Perspective
to Building Regulations
Neighbourhood
Strong Neighbourly relationships
Preservation of neighbours rights. Strong Neighbourly relationships
Neighbour who is a relation
Neighbour who is a stranger
Temporary Neighbour
Ref: Hisham Mortada,2003, Traditional Islamic Principles of Built Environment,Routledge Curzon.
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Preservation of neighbours rights.Do not block his (neighbours) air by
raising your building higher without
permission.Harass him not. Give him ashare when you buy fruit or at least donot throw the peelings outside the doorso offending your neighbour
Rasullah S.A.W
Ref: Hisham Mortada,2003, Traditional Islamic Principles of Built Environment,Routledge Curzon.
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Other Islamic Principles Height of buildings
Projections (e.g windows should be 2.5m above ground)
Rights to daylight and ventilations
Privacy
Rights of neighbour
Rights to water source
Avoidance of harming the public and society
Ease of ibadah/ performing religious obligations
Principle of Humility
Generosity without extravagance
other
( Refer the Book.. Hisham Mortada,2003, Traditional IslamicPrinciples of Built Environment, Routledge Curzon.
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Other (unwritten) rules Feng Shui (refer handout)
Vastu Shastra (refer handout)
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Will these rules curb innovation and
creativity?
Architects are creative and innovativepersonalities and thus should be able toaccommodate, integrate and even improvisehis/her creations to meet these rules not only ineffectively way but meeting the aestheticaspiration without compromising safety andcomfort to the users.
Rules are man made and provisions are ofminimum standard,..thus architects are to providenot the minimum but effective and reasonablestandards in his/her deliverance.
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..far from being a hindrance, regulationstrengthened design when understood and used
properly.It shows lessons learned throughcenturies of skilled craftsmanship and tragicbuilding failures , lessons far too valuable to beignored or marginalised. ..Codes are to beaccessible in concurrence to the project planning
processthrough project development, designand construction..reflecting the thinking ofowners, builders and designers...
Will these rules curb innovation andcreativity?
Ref: Barry D.Yatt.1998.Cracking the Codes-An Architects Guide to Building Regulations. USA. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Summary Building regulations are safeguard and reminder
guidelines in the design development process.
It should not be looked upon as a hindrance butrather a challenge for further improvised.
It is hope that students will take the initiative topursue relentlessly the required rules andregulations in designing their facility with anopen and critical mind.
Remember as Architects, the liability of a wrongdecision is yours. Life may be loss , health &safety may be compromised for somethingworthless in the name of design! Wallahualam!
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Be innovative in implementing
these regulations andthank you for your attention!
WassalamAr.Assoc.Prof.Norwina Mohd Nawawi
Dept of Architecture, KAED, IIUM
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References Hisham Mortada,2003, Traditional Islamic Principles of BuiltEnvironment,Routledge Curzon.
Department of Town and Country Planning. 2002. Brief Notes:Guideline and Planning Standards. Series-001-027.
Laws of Malaysia.1996.Uniform Building By Laws.KualaLumpur.MDC publishers Printers Sdn. Bhd.
PAM. 1987. LAM-PAM Annual Discourse: On Professional Practice.(unpublished)
Alan Jefferis et al.4th Edi. 2001.Architectural Drafting &Design.USA.Delmar Thomson Learning
Charlotte Baden-Powell.1997.Architects Pocket Book. Great
Britain.Architectural Press. Barry D.Yatt.1998.Cracking the Codes-An Architects Guide to
Building Regulations. USA. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Soh Chai Hock.2000.Guide to Fire Protection in Malaysia.PAM,ACEM, IFE, MFPA, FRDM, IEM.