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Use, duplication or disclosure of this document or any of the information or images containedherein is subject to the restrictions on the title page of this document. COPYRIGHT ©2013 MDA

Use of Space Borne SAR for Change Detection for Public Safety

Presented by Warren Cartwright

Product Manager, MDA Geospatial Services

www.mdacorporation.comRESTRICTION ON USE, PUBLICATION OR DISCLOSURE OF PROPRIETARY INFORMATION AND IMAGES

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Acknowledgements for the third parties whose images have been used in permissible forms. All rights reserved.


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• Use of space borne SAR for large area, high resolution monitoring – The “change detection machine”

• Analogy with surveillance cameras • SAR benefits and requirements• Application examples of large area repeat coverage

– Slope stability hazard monitoring (landslides) – Flood monitoring– Asset security (Infrastructure monitoring)

Overview and Agenda

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Analogy: Surveillance Cameras – Automatic Detection of Moving Objects

• Goal: Detect moving objects from a sequence of images from a fixed camera– Background: static scene– Foreground: moving object

• Approach: Detect the moving objects as the difference between the image of the current image and the background image

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Analogy: Surveillance Cameras – Automatic Detection of Moving Objects

Automatic surveillance using optical imagery from space is virtually impossible due to– Lighting conditions– Cloud cover– Changes in geometry

Automatic surveillance using SAR is an ideal solution because of– Independent of light and weather

conditions– Reliable and exactly repeated geometry– Requires repeat coverage at sufficient

resolution

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Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Benefits

• Delivers reliable acquisitions– Unaffected by weather, darkness or other environmental factors– Year round coverage

• Provides unique sensitivity to environmental conditions– Proven ability to differentiate surface features

• Provides high-value InSAR-based services– Ability to see cm-to-mm level change over large areas– Surface movement and water level extents for Disaster Management

• Delivers the highest resolution change detection– Consistent and reliable– No atmospheric influence or weather impact

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SAR Requirements for Land-based Change Detection

• Resolution of 5 m or better– Lower resolution provides good results when larger areas require

monitoring

• Sufficient swath width to cover very large areas repeatedly • Use of same (or almost same) geometry = stacks• Use of imagery of difference as opposed to individual images• Reduction of speckle noise level by temporal and spatial

filtering

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20 50 100 150

10

100

1

Reso

lutio

n (m

)

Swath width (km)300

5MFW (SLC)

FW

WS

SCN

MF

UFW

SL

UF

SCW

MF (SLC)

MFW

3

20

500

RADARSAT-2

TerraSAR-X COSMO-SkyMed

Envisat

ScanSAR

Examples of RADARSAT-2 Modes for Large Area Land Monitoring

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Stacking for Temporal Analysis• A Stack is a set of images taken at the same

orbit having identical• Beam mode and resolution• Observation geometry• SAR illumination source

• Stack-based approach allows• Filtering of speckle noise from individual

acquisitions• Weather and day-light independence • Spectacular improvements in precision,

reliability, and efficiency

SAR

ampl

itude

Time Time

-ΔdB

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APPLICATIONSUse of Space Borne SAR for Change Detection for Public Safety


New Image Background Image Foreground Pixels

Use of SAR for Public Safety: Suspended Landslide near Tanabe, Japan

After initial instability during Typhoon Talas September 2, 2011

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Clear delineation of changes caused by landslides….

Tanabe


MDA Flood Watch

Guaranteed, routine monitoring and flood map products for Disaster Management

and Disaster Relief Agencies

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MDA Flood Watch

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Asset Security for Infrastructure

• Geohazards– Slope stability around critical infrastructure

– Subsidence and movement beyond design thresholds

• Encroachment– Routine surveillance

– Vegetation encroachment and maintenance

– Human encroachment

• New construction, excavation and impact from other industries

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Monitor critical infrastructure to provide early warning of potential environmental threats, effective management of deterrence efforts, and support of rapid response to critical issues


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InSAR

Change Detection

Oil Tracker

• Monitor high-risk areas for ground movement • Signals potential landslide activity and/or

pipeline subsidence• Augments in-situ equipment to provide broad

area coverage

• Regular surveillance for identifying vegetation concerns, new construction in or near pipeline, evidence of tapping, logging activity• Incident response to provide responders with

up-to-date view of situation and hazards

• Operational monitoring for system efficiency and emergency response• Historical oil on water events over pipeline

through archive imagery to help spot leaks from pipeline activities

Geohazards

Encroachment

Undersea Leaks

Asset Security Example – Pipeline Monitoring

Pipeline Problem Technology Solution Application Approach


• Space borne SAR is a natural source of data for global monitoring and surveillance

• RADARSAT-2 has the capability and capacity to provide solutions for large area land surveillance

• Applications for public safety include hazard monitoring and damage assessment

Conclusions


THANK YOU!

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MDA Geospatial Services Inc.

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