usdoc office of security, western region 7600 sand point way ne seattle, wa 98115 security is...

USDOC Office of Security, Western Region

7600 Sand Point Way NE

Seattle, WA 98115

Active Shooters, Response and Examples

Security is Everyone's ResponsibilityUpdated 11/2014

Active Shooters according to DHS:

An active shooter is an individual actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a confined and populated area. Active shooter incidents are usually unpredictable, last only 10 – 15 minutes and are carried out by a single attacker using multiple firearms.

An overwhelming majority of shooters are male between the ages of 15 and 19 for school shootings, and 35 and 44 for incidents taking place at other types of facilities. Active shooters are often members of the community they target, although their selection of victims does not follow any specific pattern or method.

Security is Everyone's Responsibility

Definitions

Active Shooter

Suspect’s activity is immediately causing death or serious bodily injury

The activity is not contained

There is immediate risk of death or serious injury to potential victims


Definitions

Dynamic SituationThe situation is evolving very rapidly along

with the suspect’s action Example: shooting and moving

• Static SituationThe situation is not evolving or in motion

Suspect’s actions appear to be containedExample: suspect is barricaded in a room


Definitions

Soft TargetA person or location that is relatively unprotected

or vulnerable, especially to a terrorist attack

Time Line of ViolenceThe period of time from the suspects first violent

action until his action is stopped or transitions to another activity

Incident TransitionThat point in the incident where the “active

shooter” stops their violent actions and tries to escape or barricade themselves


Definitions

Mind SetWill provide a strong foundation upon which to

base decisions and actions

Enables you to act quickly and effectivelyMindful, not fearful

Allows you to take appropriate survival actionUse all senses

Trust you intuition—that “gut” feeling Knowing without knowing why


Definitions

Lives of the hostage(s)

Lives of innocent bystanders

Lives of police officers

Lives of the suspect(s)

Neutralize the suspect(s)


Police Priorities

Figure OutRecognize what is happingTake action to survive

Get OutEvacuate if it can be safely doneGet out whether or not anyone goes with youLeave your belongingsRecognize it is not safe for you to move woundedPrevent others from going into danger, if

possible


What you should do

Hide Out Find place where shooter is less likely to find you Provide protection if shots are fired in your direction

i.e. room with closable and lockable door Limited or no glass

Lock and blockade the doorway Silence your phones and pagers Remain quiet, do not huddle together, spread out in room

Call Out When it is safe, call 911 If you can’t speak, leave the line open Provide as much information as possible Describe shooter: identity, clothes, weapon(s), location,

casualties


What you should do

Take ActionAs a last resort and when your life is in imminent

danger, attempt to disrupt and/or incapacitate the active shooterBe as aggressive as possible, yellFind anything you can use as a weapon: to throw, hitBe totally committed to your actions

When Police ArriveFollow all directionsKeep your hands in plain view, with nothing in themAvoid making any quick or unexpected movementsAvoid pointing, screaming, yelling or grabbing onto

officers


What you should do

Officers will respond to location of last shots

Officers usually arrive in teams of four (4)

Officers may wear regular patrol uniforms or external bulletproof vests, Kevlar helmets, and other tactical equipment

Officers may be armed with rifles, shotguns, handguns

Officers may use pepper spray or tear gas to control the situation

Officers may shout commands, and may push individuals to the ground for their safety


Police Response

First Officers arriving will not stop to help injured

Expect rescue teams comprised of additional officers and emergency medical personnel to follow the initial officers. These rescue teams will treat and remove any injured persons.

They may also call upon able-bodied individuals to assist in removing the wounded from the premises.

Once you have reached a safe location or an assembly point, you will likely be held in that area by law enforcement until the situation is under control, and all witnesses have been identified and questioned. Do not leave until law enforcement authorities have instructed you to do so.


Police Response

An effective EAP includes:

A preferred method for reporting fires and other emergencies

An evacuation policy and procedure

Emergency escape procedures and route assignments (i.e., floor plans, safe areas)

Contact information for, and responsibilities of individuals to be contacted under the EAP

Information concerning local area hospitals (i.e., name, telephone number, and distance from your location)

An emergency notification system to alert various parties of an emergency including:

Individuals at remote locations within premises Local law enforcement Local area hospitals


Emergency Action Plans

Conduct mock active shooter training exercises. Local law enforcement is an excellent resource in

designing training exercises.:Recognizing the sound of gunshotsReacting quickly when gunshots are heard and/or

when a shooting is witnessed:Evacuating the areaHiding outActing against the shooter as a last resortCalling 911Reacting when law enforcement arrivesAdopting the survival mind set during times of crisis


Training


Examples of Active Shooters

Suspect: Charles Whitman

Location: Austin, TX

Date: August 1, 1966

Casualties: Killed 15 people (including an unborn baby); and wounded 31 people (as far as 2 blocks away)

Outcome: Suspect killed by police officers



Suspect: James Huberty

Location: San Ysidro, CA

Date: July 18, 1984

Casualties: Killed 21 people; and wounded 11 people

Outcome: Suspect killed by police marksman


Examples of Active ShootersSuspects: Larry Phillips, Emil Matasareanu

Location: North Hollywood, CA

Date: February 28, 1997

Started as bank robbery; transitioned to active shooter

Casualties: Wounded 18 people(11 police officers, and 7 civilians)

Outcome: One suspect committed suicide; the other was killed by SWAT


Examples of Active ShootersSuspects: Eric Harris, Dylan Klebold

Date: April 20, 1999

Location: Littleton, CO

Casualties: Killed 13 people; and wounded 20 people

Outcome: Both suspects committedsuicide

Klebold Harris



Suspect: Sulejman Talovic

•Location: Salt Lake City, UT

•Date: February 12, 2007

•Casualties: Killed 5 people; and Wounded 4 people

•Outcome: Suspect killed by police


Examples of Active ShootersSuspect: Seung-Hui Cho

Location: Blacksburg, VA

Date: April 16, 2007

Casualties: Killed 32 people; andwounded 23 people

Outcome: Suspect committed suicide

Worst mass shooting in U.S. history



Suspect: Seung-Hui Cho - Continued

Shooter chained three doors from the inside

It took an estimated five minutes for first responding police to force open doors

Once inside, police moved toward the sound of gunfire

The last shot heard was Cho committing suicide



Suspects: Between 10 –12 militants (split into four sections)

Location: Mumbai, India November 26, 2008

Casualties: Attacked targets on foot, by taxi or motorcycle; killed a total of 164 people; andwounded 308 people

AK-47s, handguns, pistols; large amount of ammo—knives, grenades, explosives, and improvised explosive devices (IEDs)



Location: Mumbai, India November 26, 2008 – Cont.

Outcome: 1 terrorist caught alive (Ajmal Amir) and sentenced to death on May 6, 2010; 9 terrorists committed suicide or were killed by the Indian military; it is unknown if any other terrorists escaped


Examples of Active ShootersSuspect: James W. von Brunn, 88 years old

Location: Washington, DC

Date: June 10, 2009

Casualties: Killed 1 person (security officer)

Outcome: Suspect shot by police, then Arrested

Suspect opened fire with a rifle inside the crowded U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum


Examples of Active ShootersSuspect: Maj nadal Malik Hasan

Location: Ft Hood, TX

Date: November 5, 2009

Casualties: Killed 13 persons

Outcome: Suspect shot by police, then Arrested

JTTF was aware of emails with Anwar al-Awlaki & was monitoring as threat. Militant Islamic Convictions


Examples of Active ShootersSuspect: Jared Lee Loughner

Location: Tucson, AZ

Date: January 8, 2011

Casualties: Killed 6 people (including a Federal judge);and wounded 14 people(Rep. Giffords critically injured)

Outcome: Suspect arrested

Loughner targeted the Congresswoman’s constituent event (soft target)


Examples of Active ShootersSuspect: Anders Behring Breivik

• Location: Oslo, Norway; and UtøyaIsland

• Date: July 22, 2011

• Casualties: Killed 76 people (8 in Oslo bombing and 68 in Utøya shooting); wounded 60 people

• Outcome: Suspect surrendered to police

• Political Terrorism (Target: Norway Labor Party)

• Vehicle Borne IED, RugerMini-14 Carbine, Glock17 pistol; reportedly bought supplies on eBay


Examples of Active ShootersSuspect: James Eagan Holmes

• Location: Aurora, CO Cineplex

• Date: July 20, 2012

• Casualties: Killed 12 people; wounded 70 people

• Outcome: Suspect arrested by police

• Weapons: 12 gauge 870, MP15 Semi-auto rifle (100 round drum), Glock-22 40 cal pistol

• Attire: Dressed in tactical clothing, sets off tear gas, opens fire on the audience


Examples of Active ShootersSuspect: Adam Lanza

•Location: Sandy Hook Elementary, Newtown, CT

• Date: December 14, 2012

• Casualties: Killed 27 people (26 at school and his mother)

• Outcome: Suspect committed suicide

• Weapons: Bushmaster XM15-E2S rifle, Glock 10mm semi-auto pistol (9mm Sig Sauer P226 and a Saiga 12-Gauge shotgun and large amount of ammunition were also recovered at the scene)

• Capability: 155 shots fired in the first 5 minutes


Examples of Active ShootersSuspect: Aaron Alexis

• Location: Navy Yard, Wash DC

• Date: September 16, 2013

• Casualties: Killed 12 people; wounded 3


• Weapons: 870 Remington shotgun, and a 9mm Beretta pistol (taken from a security guard he killed).

• Stability: History of mental illness, disciplinary actions, arrests involving weapons

32Security is Everyone's Responsibility

Examples of Active ShootersSuspect: Aaron Ybarra

• Location: Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA

• Date: June 6, 2014

• Casualties: Killed 1 person; wounded 2

• Outcome: Suspect arrested after being detained by student guard

• Weapons: Shotgun, 50 shells on his person, 25 more in his truck

• Stability: History of mental illness, diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder and transient psychosis, stopped taking medications

33Security is Everyone's Responsibility

Examples of Active ShootersSuspect: Jaylen Ray Fryberg

• Location: Pilchuck High School, Marysville, WA

• Date: October 24, 2014

• Casualties: Killed 5 persons; wounded 2


• Weapons: .40-caliber Beretta Handgun

• Stability: Fryberg was described as “generally happy” and “not a violent person”. His twitter posts were described as emotional, just hours before shootings.


Changes in Police Response and Tactics

Response most likely by patrol

Non-traditional responseMinimum number of

officersMore tactically equippedSpecialized trainingAble to transition from

an active shooting situation into a barricade situation

Team movementTeam trainingIED trainingBooby traps trainingExplosive breaching

programsRapid command,

control, and communications


Department of Homeland Security Email:[email protected] http://www.dhs.gov

Center for Personal Protection and Safety http://www.cppssite.com/

How to plan for Workplace Emergencies and Evacuations, US Dept of Labor, OSHA http://www.osha.gov

USDOC, Office of Security, Emergency Operations Center , 202-482-5100 or 888-362-6544 http://www.osec.doc.gov/osy/

USDOC, Office of Security, Western Region, Seattle, WA, 206-526-6653 http://www.wrc.noaa.gov/wrso

Resources

http://www.dhs.gov/

http://www.cppssite.com/

http://www.osha.gov/

http://www.osec.doc.gov/osy/

http://www.wrc.noaa.gov/wrso

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