usa-canada-france comparisons on hma françois chaignon colas inc cupga november 2004
TRANSCRIPT
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USA-CANADA-FRANCEComparisons on HMA
François CHAIGNON COLAS Inc
CUPGA November 2004
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1. Introduction
2. HMA in New York State
3. HMA in Quebec
4. HMA in France
5. Comparisons
6. Conclusions
Agenda
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Canada – USA - France• Formulations
• Equipment• Marshall in Western Canada and USA• SUPERPAVE in USA, Ontario and Quebec• Some kind of SUPERPAVE in France
• Gyratory compactor• Wheel track test• Fatigue test
• Hot and black everywhere
• Universal HMA?
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Formulations• USA
• New York State
• SUPERPAVE
since 1995
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New York State
• Formulation 12.5 mm Superpave
• Aggregates
• Physical requirements• LA < 35• MgSO4 18% max
• Consensus properties• Crushed count• FAA • Friction aggregates
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New York State
• Formulation 12.5 mm SUPERPAVE
• Asphalt Cement
• PG 64-28
• Neat asphalt
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New York State
• Formulation 12.5 mm SUPERPAVE
• 1st step: Optimization of the gradation• 3 blends for the gradation
• Same AC content
• 2nd step: Optimization of the AC• 3 AC contents
• 4% Air voids at N design
• Then with the final AC N max
• 3rd step• Validation by DOT regional lab
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New York State
• Formulation 12.5 mm SUPERPAVE
• Tender requirements
• ESAL
• PG
• Maximum size gradation
• RAP percentage is 20% in all mixes
• 30% in base 37.5mm
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New York State
• Formulation 12.5 mm SUPERPAVEESAL design requirements
ESAL
in 106
< 0.3 <3.0 <10 <30 >30
N initial 6 7 8 8 9
N design 50 75 100 100 125
N max 75 115 160 160 205
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New York State
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New York State
• Requirements for lab technicians
• Certification for technician at the plant
• Good partnership between the industry and NYDOT
• Certification set up together• Joint Technical committee
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Quebec
• Components
• Aggregates• Depending of traffic
• Fraction
• Asphalt Cement• PG grades
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Quebec
• Volume of AC given per formula
• AC computed based on the porosity of the aggregates
• Gradation to comply with
• Gyratory compactor
• Wheel track test
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Quebec
• Specifications ESG 10
• Enrobés Semi Grenu 10 mm
• Gyratory• 10g C > 10%• 80g 4% > C > 7%• 200g C >2%
• Wheel track test• 1000 cycles R < 10%• 3000 cycles R < 20%• 30000 cycles R > 10%
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France
• Components• Choice depending on the traffic
• Aggregates• Liquid Asphalt
• Formulation• Gradation• PCG• Wheel Track test (function of the traffic)• Fatigue test (function of the traffic)
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FranceAggregates
• Higher specs in Europe• LA, MDE and PSV
• Narrow Fractions
• Film of binder • Formulation to approach the AC content
• Based on the gradation
• Based on the area to be coated
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France
• Gyratory
• Not linked to the traffic• Goal is for the compaction of the HMA• Linked to the maximum size aggregates
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France• Gyratory Press
• P.C.G.
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France
• Wheel track test
• Rutting at 60°C• Different values depending of the formulation
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France
• Wheel track test
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France
• Fatigue test
• Modulus
• ε6
• Both values linked to road design
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France
• Fatigue test
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Comparisons• Components
• Aggregates
• Higher requirements in Quebec and France• Use of RAP (yes in NY, no in Quebec, yes in
France)• Function of the traffic in Quebec and France• Large specs in NYS as in the US• Fractions in Quebec and France
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Comparisons• Components
• Liquid Asphalt
• PG grade in NY and Quebec• Penetration and R&B in France (EU specs)• Linked to traffic in France
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Comparisons• Methods
• Marshall Design• SUPERPAVE design
• Linked to the traffic
• Gyratory press• Linked to compaction on site
• Wheel track test • Fatigue test
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Comparisons• Final mixes
• HMA /ACP wearing courses
• NY 12.5 mm Superpave• Quebec ESG 10• France BBSG 10
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RECONSTITUTION GRANULOMETRIQUE
0102030405060708090
100
0.010.1
110100
New York Quebec
France
Tamis # mm
% Passant
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Conclusions
• The use of the gyratory press is quite different
• Gradation
• AC content
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Evaluation de la SGC Pine
La Presse à Cisaillement GiratoireType 3
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Evaluation de la SGC Pine
The Pine SGC
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Evaluation de la SGC Pine
COMPACTION EFFECTCOMPACTION EFFECT
F
F
Compaction Strength
Éprouvette cylindriqueCompaction Angle
Rotation
During the test, the surface of the cylinder is kept constant, the height decreases
Use of PCG in the French Procedure
Forecast the compaction level that can be achieved on the job site
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Evaluation de la SGC Pine
COMPARISON between PCG3 andCOMPARISON between PCG3 and
SGC PINESGC PINE
Specifications PCG 3 (NF P 98 252) SGC (SHRP M 002)
Molds
Specimen
Number of repetition
Rotation speed
3 2
30 rpm 30 rpm
фint = 150 mm фint = 150 mm
h = 150 mm for 100% compaction h = 115 mm for 100% compaction
10,6 KN 10,6 KNCompaction strength
1° Compaction Angle 1,25° loaded
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Evaluation de la SGC Pine
Comparison of design proceduresComparison of design procedures
French methodFrench method Superpave MethodSuperpave Method
Measurement of void content for a given number of giration. This number is a function of the hot mix type.
Measurement of the number of giration in order to get 4% voids content. Comparison between Ngir and Ndesign
Goals:
Hot mix production:
French methodFrench method Superpave MéthodSuperpave Méthod
The whole amount of mixes is made at the same time
Preparation of hot mis specimen one after another.
Hot mixes ageing for two hours at the compaction temperature.
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Evaluation de la SGC Pine
Une différence dans l’exploitation des résultats
The two press give the variation of the height of the specimen versus the number of giration.
French method: use of the experimental curve as it is.
Superpave method: the experimental curve has to be corrected
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1 10 100 1000
Nombre de girations
% d
e vi
des
SGC Pine avec correctionSGC Pine sans correction4%
courbe de compacité du BBSG 0/10 Noubleau avec et sans correction
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Evaluation de la SGC Pine
Determination of various specific gravities
The superpave method is complex and time consuming :
Evaluation of VMA, VFA et Va,
Measurement of compacity at Ndes, Nmax et Nini :
•Cdes = 96 % à Ndes,
•Cmax < 98 % à Nmax,
•Cmin < 89 % à Nmin.
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Evaluation de la SGC Pine
LES RESULTATS DES 2 PRESSESLES RESULTATS DES 2 PRESSES 18 design mixes were tested,
SGC Pine and PCG tests
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
1 10 100 1000Nombre de girations
% d
e vi
des
SGC Pine
PCG 3
détermination du domaine de définition de la SGC Pine
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Evaluation de la SGC Pine
A 1 giration
V1 pine = 0,95xV1 pcg3
La pente k
kpine = 1,19xKpcg3
V1 Pine / V1 PCG3
15
20
25
30
15 20 25 30V1 PCG3 (%)
V1
Pin
e (
%)
GB
EME
BBSG
BBMa
BBME
théorique moyenne
k Pine / k PCG3
2
3
4
5
6
2 3 4 5 6k PCG3 (%)
k P
ine
(%
)
GB
EME
BBSG
BBMa
BBME
théorique moyenne
Identical results for 1 giration SGC compaction is faster than PCG compaction
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Evaluation de la SGC Pine
Corrélation entre les deux machines
V’% PINE = V% PCG3 - 1,29 – 0,71 x ln(N)
N = 20 girations
5
10
15
20
5 10 15 20% de vides PCG3
% d
e v
ide
s P
ine
GB
EME
BBSG
BBMa
BBME
droite théorique
N = 60 girations
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15
% de vides PCG3
% d
e v
ide
s P
ine
GB
EME
BBSG
BBMa
BBME
droite théorique
pourcentages de vides à la Pine fonction du pourcentage de vides à la PCG 3 à 20 et à 60 girations
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Evaluation de la SGC Pine
Evaluation of some French mix design Evaluation of some French mix design versus Suprepave specsversus Suprepave specs
Type of hot mixes:
GB,
BBSG,
EME,
BBMa et les BBME
Performances to be reached:
4 % voids content at the higher Ngir ,
FullFill the specs related to (VMA, VFA, Va, Cini, Cmax …).
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Evaluation de la SGC Pine
Results :
Classification of hot mix types
All hot mix types comply with Superpave specs
Traffic :Low level Medium level High levelBBME<BBMa<EME BBSG GB
Use in France:
BBSG,GB BBME, EME, BBMa
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Evaluation de la SGC Pine
LES RELATIONS AVEC LE TERRAINLES RELATIONS AVEC LE TERRAIN Les résultats à la PCG 3 et à la SGC Pine :
PCG 3 - Pine / Compacité terrain
92
94
96
98
100
92 94 96 98 100Compacité terrain
com
pa
cité
pre
sse
PCG 3
SGC Pine
bissectrice
évaluation des deux presses en fonction de la compacité terrain
Compacités PCG déterminées par la la relation CPCG = C10xe Bissectrice : Cterrain = C10xe
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Evaluation de la SGC Pine
SGC Pine / compacité terrain
90
92
94
96
98
100
90 92 94 96 98 100compacité terrain
com
pa
cité
pre
sse
SGC Pine
bissectrice
compacités Pine (C6 x e) fonction des compacités terrain
Relation compacité terrain – SGC Pine :
Compacités SGC Pine déterminées par la la relation Cpine = C6xe Bissectrice : Cterrain = C6xe
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Evaluation de la SGC Pine
Next steps
+ Check the behavior of superpave mix design versus :
French rutting testComplex modulus
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Construction• No big differences in manufacturing
• Batch plants more likely in France and Quebec
• Drum plants in the USA
• North America / Europe• Pavers
• High compaction screed with tampers and vibration
• Speed!!
• Rollers• France: Pneumatic tires rollers
• Rare in North America
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Construction• Smoothness / Rideability
• More and more important• Waves lengths in France• IRI or Profilograph• Continuous feeding of the paver• Speed
• The driver can feel it
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Construction
• More targeted to the driver/tax payer
• Skid resistance• Smoothness• Noise reduction• Color
• Comfort and safety
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Construction Europe
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Construction Europe
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Construction Europe
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Construction North America
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Manufacturing North America
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Final conclusions
• Every country has its own history in the HMA
• European specifications!!
• 50 states
• Provinces
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Final conclusions
• Climate
• Aggregates
• Are part of the local conditions
• AC is more universal
• Not the HMA
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Final conclusions•
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Final conclusions• Future
• End performances specifications
• Partnership between DOT and industry
• Quality in both sides
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Thanks
• Michel PARADIS MTQ
• Jean Guy CLEMENT SINTRA
• Jerry HALLORAN BARRETT PAVING
• To all of you for listening