Spanish Exploration and Colonization

Hernan Cortez

Fransisco Pizarro

English Colonization

Key Questions

• What were the driving causes behind English colonization?

• Did the colonists succeed in their original objectives?

• What was the end result of early English colonization? What legacies did it leave behind?

Elizabeth I

Sir Walter Raleigh

Roanoke Colony

James I

Virginia Company

• Investors would invest for five years.• After five years, the investors would meet to

discuss whether or not to continue the colony.• 14 May 1607 Jamestown founded.

Early Problems

• Poor location.• Powhatan Confederacy.• Poor choice in first

colonists.• Early governance.

John Smith

Starving Time

Charter of 1609

• Colonists could now buy into the Virginia Company.

• Virginia Company would invest for another 7 years.

• New government. Governor of Virginia appointed with dictator like powers.

Later Reforms

• Headright System (1618)

• General Assembly– Governor– Council– House of Burgesses

John Rolfe

1622 Massacre

Slavery and Bacon’s Rebellion

Virginia Conclusions

• Virginia started out as a business venture, but ultimately failed.

• The colony did succeed at giving England a foothold in North America.

• The colony established the first form of representative government.

• A specific type of slavery would be used in Virginia and the rest of the colonies after Bacon’s Rebellion.

Massachusetts Bay Colony

John Calvin

Henry VII and English Reformation

Separatists (Pilgrims)

Non-Separatists (Puritans)

Massachusetts Bay Company

John Winthrop and “City on a Hill”

Boston Martyrs

Roger Williams

Ann Hutchinson

English Civil War

Charles II Oliver Cromwell

Salem Witch Trials

Puritan Legacy

• Four New England Colonies: Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island.

• Education: Harvard University• Separation of Church and State• Puritan Work Ethic and Economics

Puritan Conclusions

• The Massachusetts Bay Colony failed in their attempt to create a “City Upon a Hill.” Later generations abandoned this goal.

• The colony did succeed in its secondary goal of creating another foothold for the English in North America.

Early English Colonization Conclusions

• Foothold in North America Established by the English.

• Creation of American Individualism.• Economic precedents set.• Influence of Massachusetts and Virginia on the

United States.