u.s. patent 9,263,015, entitled "wireless electric guitar" to gibson, inc., dated -feb. 16, 2016

7/25/2019 U.S. Patent 9,263,015, entitled "Wireless Electric Guitar" to Gibson, Inc., dated -Feb. 16, 2016.

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(12) United States PatentJuszkiwicz

(54) WIRELESS ELECTRIC GUITAR

75 Inventor: Henry E Juszkiewicz Nashille TN(US)

73 Assigee: Gibson Brands, Inc Nasille, TN(US

* Notice Subject to ay disclaimer, te term of thispatet is exteded or adjusted uder 35U.S.C. 154(b by 278 days.

(21 Appl No: 13/882,193

(22 PCT Filed Oct 28, 2011

(86 PCT No.: PCT/US2011/058193

371 c)(l),2), 4) Date: un. 21, 2013

(87) PCT Pub. No. W2012/058497

PCT Pub Date: May 3, 2012

(65 Prior Publication Daa

US 2014/0150630 A l Ju 5, 204

Related US Application Data

60 Proisioal applicatio No 61/407,703, led o Oct28, 2010

51 Int. Cl.GlOH102GlOH144G10H3/18GlOH100

(52) US Cl

(200601)(2006.01)(200601(2006.01)

CPC ............... GlOH102 (2013.01; GlOH10083(201301); GlOH10091 (201301); GlOH144

201301; GlOH318 (2013.01; GlOH3188(201301

f"

1 11 Ill lll ll lll lll ll 11111 11 111 1111 11 111 11US009263015B2

(10) Pat ent No.: US 935 BFeb16,2016(45) Dateof Pat ent :

(58) Field of Classication Search

(56)

CPC .. GlH3/18; GlH 1/0058; lH 1/0066;GH 1/46; GlH 3/186 GH 1/0008GlH 2240/211; GlH 1/0091; GlH 1/0083;GH 2210/281; GlH 1/02; GlH 2210/311;

GlH 2210/231; GlH2210/235 GlH2210/155; G10H2210/211; GlH2240/321

See applicatio le r complete searc istory

Rerences Cited

US PATENT DOCUMENTS

4919,031 A * 4/1990 Matsumoto . .... ...... 84/6015024134 A * 6/1991 Uchiyama .. . .... . . .... .. . ... .. . . 84/6545025703 A * 6/1991 Iba et al. .................. 847185,085120 A * 2/1992 I shiguro ... ...... 84737

6787690 Bl* 92004 Celi et al. ... ...... 847238509692 B2* 8/2013 Ryle et al . 455/41.38,546675 Bl * 10/2013 Hirshber g ... ...... 84/654

2004/0187673 Al* 92004 Stevenso n ... ...... 847372005/0045027 Al* 3/2005 Celi et al .................. 84723

Cotiued

Primary Examiner Marlo Fletcer74 Attorn, Agent or Frm - Bates & Bates, LLC

(57 ABSTACT

A electronics odule r a electric guitar is proided Teelectronics module icludes a processor, a plurality of cotrols a atea ad a computer-readable medium Te processor receies a audio sigal geerated by a ibratio of a

plurality of strigs of te electc guitar Te plurality ofcotrols are operably coupled to te processor ad proide amecanism r adjustig a soud created om e audiosigal. Te computer-readable medium is operably coupledto te processor ad cogured to cause te electc gitar todetermie a cotrol of te plurality of cotrols associatedwit te receied efcts parameter; adjust a state of tedetermied cool based o te receied eects parameter;modi te audio sigal based o te plurali of cotrols ado te receied eects parameter; ad output e modiedaudio sigal throug te atena to a secod deice

13 Claims, 9 Drawing Sheets


2/26

US 9,263,015 B22

(56) References Cited

U.S. PATENT DOUMENTS

2006/0156912 Al* 72006 Anns et al ... ... 847422007/0234880 Al* 10/2007 Adams et al 84/601

2007/0251374 Al* 11/2007 Armstrong-M unt ner . . .... 8473520090100988 Al* 42009 Villa et a l. ........ ... 84/6012011/0028218 Al* 2/2011 Gomes et al 463/39

2011/0146480 Al*2011/0174138 Al*2013/0034240 Al*2013/0058507 Al*

2014/0096667 Al*2014/0260906 l*2015/0040744 Al*

* cited by exainer

6/20117/20112/20133/2013

4/20149201422015

Robertson . . ....... . . ..... 84/735Loh e al .... ...... . 84/645Crawfrd .... .... 381/77Arkn S-Pedersen et al . 381/122

Chapman et al 84/609Welch 84603Redding et al 84/726


3/26

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12/26

US 9,63,05 B

1WIRELESS ELECTRIC GUITAR

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATEDAPPLICATION

is appliction claims priority to US Povisional PatentApplication Ser No 61/407703, led Oc. 28, 2010, andPCT Patent Application No . PCT!US2011/058193, led Oct.28, 2011, both ofwich are hereby incorporated by rerencein their entirety.

BACKGROUND

Guitars are well known in the art and include a wide varietyof dierent pes and designs such as vaous types of acoustic and electric gitars . Guitar players ad oter musiciansoen modify the sound produced by the guitar to create aviually endless vaety of sounds. Example eects include:compression, tremolo, distorion, overdrive zz wah-wh

chorus, ange, phase shi, pitch shi harmony, vibrato,delay (echo) reverberation (reverb), etc wich modify theaudio signal produced by the guitar strings in vaous waysusing mechanical, electrical, and electro-mechanical mechanisms

A compression eect stabilizes the volume and "smoothsa note's "attack by dampeng its onset and amplifying itssustain and can be produced by varying the gain of a signal toensure the volume stays within a specic dynamic range Atremolo eect produces a s light rapid variation in the volumeof a note or chord Tremolo eects normally have a "rateknob which allows a musician to change the speed of thevriation Distorion eects distor the tone of an instrment

2adds a duplicate electrical signal to e original signal at aslight time-delay. e efct can either be a single echo or

multiple echoes. A reverb eect simulates sounds produced inan echo chamber by creating a large number of echoes thatgradually de or "decay

Additiolly, other signl processing of the audio signalsmay remove or redce noise. For exmple a noise gatereduces "hum, "hiss, and "static by eliminating soundsbelow a certain gain treshold Still other signal processing

1 o utilizes an equalizer which is a set of lters that strengthen orweaken specic equency regions For example, an equalizermay adjust the bass and treble and may be used to ehanceparicular aspects of an instrument's tone

Application of the vrious sd eects can be applied15 using devices in the gitar itself and/or pedal boxes, ampli

ers, mixers, etc that receive the audio signals in either analogor digital rm om he gitar The applicaion ofthe varioussound eects may be controlled at the guitar and/or at theeects deice. The gitar and/or eects devices may use

20 digital sigal processing DSP) to apply the desired soundmodications to the analog sound produced by the gitarstrings.

The analog signal varies in output leel and impedance, issubject to capacitance and other enviromental distorions,

25 and can be subject to ground loops and other kinds of electroic noise Aer being degraded in such shion by theenviroent, the nalog signal is oen digitized at somepoint with the digitized signal including the noise component The analog or digital signal may be commucated to

30 various other devices such as the eects devices at variouspoints in the signal processing path

SUMMRY

In an example embodiment an electrocs module r anelectc guitar is provided. The electronics module includes aprocessor, a plurality ofcontrols, an antea, and a computerreadable medium The processor receives an audio signalgenerated by a vibration of a plurality ofstrings ofthe electric

by adding "overones, creating various sunds such as a

warm sound or "diry or "gritty sd, which may beproduced by re-shaping or "clipping the sund waves pro- 35duced so that they have at, mesa-like peaks, instead ofcurved ones Overdrive eects re similar to distorion efctsexcept that an overdrive producing device produces "cleansounds at quieter volumes and distorted sonds at loudervolumes. A zz eect clips a sound wave until it is nearly asquare-wave, resulting in a heavily distored sound A wahwah eect results in vowel-like sounds, whih are created byaltering the equency spectrm of the analog signal produced

40 guitar The plurality of controls are operably coupled to theprocessor and provide a mechanism r adjusting a soundcreated om the audio signal As used herein, the te "operably coupled indicates to components are electrically,mechaically, or electro-mechanically coected eitherby the guitar A chorus eect mimics the "phase locking

eect produced natrally by choirs and tring orchestraswhen sounds with very slight dierences in timbre and pitchassimilate with one another A chors eect splits the electri-

cal signal, adding slight equency variations to par of thesignal wile leaving the rest unaltered. A ange eect simulates a stdio eect produced by holding the edge ofthe audiotape reel to momentaly slow down a recording As a result,a ange eect adds a variably delayed version of the sound tothe oginal sound creating a comb lter eect A phasercauses a phase si eect, which creates a slight pplingeect by adding out-of-phase duplicate sond-waves to theoginal sound-waves. A pitch shift eect raises or lowers(eg "transposes) each note a musician plays by a pre-setinterval. For example, a pich sifter set to increase the pitchby a urh raises each note ur diatoic inerals above thenotes actually played by the musician. A hamony eect is atype of pitch si eect that combines the altered pitch withthe original pitch to create a two or more note harmony A

vibrato eect produces slight, rapid variations in pitch mimicking the actional semitone variations prduced natrally

45 directly or indirectly through other inteediate devices . Theantea is operably coupled to the processor and receives awireless signal including an eects parameter om a rst

device The computer-readable medium is operably coupledto the processor and congured to cause the electc guitar to50 determine a control of the plurality of controls associated

with the received eects parameter; adjust a state of thedetermined control based on the received eects parameter;modi the audio signal based on the plurality of controls andon the received eects parameter; and output the modied

55 audio signal trough the antena to a second deviceIn another example embodiment, an electric guitar is pro

vided The electric guitar includes a body, a plurality ofstrings, and the electronics module The body incldes a base,a neck, and a headstock. The base includes a tailpiece. The

60 neck is mounted to and extends om an end of the base. Theheadstock is mounted to and extends om an end of the neckopposite the base The neck includes a plrality of string

posts The plurality ofstrings are mounted at a rst end to thetailpiece and at a second end to the plurality of string posts

by opera singers and violinists when prolonging a single note 65Vibrato eects oen allow the musician to control the rate ofthe variation as well as the dierence in pitch A delay eect

In yet another example embodiment, a sd system isprovided The sond system includes a sound receiving/producing device, a control deice, and the electric guitar.


13/26

US 9,26,015 B2

3Oer principal ares and advantages of the invention

will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reiew of

the llowing drawings, the detailed description and the

appended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAINGS

Illustrative embodiments of the invention will hereafter bedescribed with rerence to the accompanying drawings,wherein like numerals denote like elements

FIG l depicts a block diagram of a sound system in accordance with an illustrative embodiment.

10

4guitars 102and reproduce e received audio signal so at theaudio signal i s audible by a user of sound system100

The one or more computing devices may include computers of any rm ctor such as a laptop 110 a personal digitalassistant 112 a tablet computer, a desktop an integrated

messaging device, a cellular telephone, a smar phone, etcThe one or more computing devices may receive and sendinrmation and audio data related to sound and oer eectsgenerated by other devices within sound system 100

The one or more gitars 102are electc guitars designed touse the principle of electromagnetic induction to convertstng vibration into an electrical signal Because the output ofan electc guitar is an electcal signal, the electrical signalmay be altered using electroic circuits and/or signal process -

FIG 2 depicts a top view of a guitar usd as par of thesound system of FIG 1 in accordance with an illustrativeembodiment.

FIG 3 depicts a parial side view of the guitar of FIG 2showing a der bak in accordance wit an illusraieembodiment.

15 ing tecniques to include vaous eects in the electricalsignal, such as reerb and distorion, whic modi the toeand chracteristics of the electrical signal.

The one or more speakers 104 conver the electrical signalinto sound at is audible by the human ear The one or moreFIGS 4a and 4b depict a three-way toggle potentiometer

included in the guitar of FIG. 2 in accordance with an illustrative embodiment

FIG 5 depicts a block diagran1 of an electonics module ofthe guitarofFIG 2 in accordance with an illstrative embodiment.

20 otswitch controllers 106 allow a user to control applicationofthe dierent pes ofeects on e electc signal producedby the one or more gitars 102 by depressing one or morebuttons mounted to the one or more otswitch controllers

FIG 6 depicts a more detailed block diagram of the elec- 25

troics module of FIG 5 in accordance with an illustrativeembodiment.

FIG 7 depicts a top view ofthe guitar of FIG 2 illustratinga wiring between a plurality of controls and the electronicsmodule of FIG 5 in accordance with an illustrative embodi- 30

ment.FIG 8 depicts a ow diagram illustrating example opera

tions per1ed by the electronics module o FIG 5 in accor

dance with an illustrative embodiment

106 As used herein, the ter mount" includes join, uite,connect, associate, inser, hang, hold, afx, atach, sten,bind, paste, secure, bol, screw, et, solder, weld, pressagainst, and other like tes Additionally use of the te1mount" may indicate a direct or an indirect co1ectionbetween the described components/devices

The one or more interface devices 108 provide an interfacebetween the one or more gitars 102 and the one or morecomputing devices and/or the one or more speakers 104. Theone or more inteace devices 108may include both wired and

wireless co1ectors r interfacing between the devices The

DETAILED DESCRIPTION35 one or more interface devices 108 rher may include a

computer-readable medium or a drive r the computer-readable medium on which the electrical signal or modied electrical signal may be storedWith rerence to FIG 1 a block diagram of a sound

system 100 is shown in accordance with an illustrativeembodiment In an illustrative embodiment, sound system100may include one or more guitars 102 one or more ampli ers104one or more otswitch controllers 106one or moreinterce devices 108 one or more computing devices, and anetwork 114 Network 114 can be any type of wired and/orwireless public or pvate network including a cellular network a local area network, a wide area network such as theInteet, etc Network 114 rther may be cmprised of sub

networks of the same or dierent types whih consist of anynumber of deices Any of the one or more gitars 102 theone or more ampliers 104 the one or more otswitch controllers 106 the one or more interface devices 108 and/or theone or more computing devices may conicate with eachotherusing a porion ofnetwork 114 that is wired or wirelessThe one or more ampliers 104 the one or more otswitchcontrollers 106, the one or more interface devices 108, and/or 55the one or more computing devices may act as control devicesthat control the seting or adjustment ofsound eects at any ofthe one or more guitrs 102

With rerence to FIG 2 a top view of a guitar102a of the40 one or more guitars 102 of sound system 100 is shown in

accordance with an illustrative embodiment. In an illustrativeembodiment, itar 102a may include a body 200 a pluralityof strings 206 a plurality of string posts 208 a plurality oftning knobs 210 a guitar ce 212 a tailpiece 214 a bridge

45 216 a bridge electromagnetic pickup 218 a center electromagnetic pickup 220 a neck electromagnetic pickup 222 ader bank224 a tape eect control 226 a distorion control228 a master control knob 230 a volume control 232 a tonecontrol 234 a switch 236 a mode control 238 and an audio

50 connector 240 A wer or a greater number of controls maybe used and may be positioned at dirent locations thanthose illustrated

Network 114 may be a peer-to-peer network Sound system 100 may include additional types of devices such as 60sound mixers, headphones microphones, other musicalinstents, etc. that also counicate trough network

114 The one or more ampliers 104 the one or more interce devices 108 the one or more computing devices, thesound mixers, the headphones, and/or the microphones may 65act as sond receiving/producing devices that receive anaudio signal directly or indirectly om any of the one or more

Body 200 may include a base 201 a neck 202 and aheadstock 204 Switch 236 may include a slider knob 242congured to slide within a slider slot 244 to change a selection indicated using switch 236 In the illustrative embodi-ment of FIG. 2 guitar 102a is a six-string electric guitarthough a wer or a greater number of strings may be used.The plurality of stngs206 extend om the plurality of stringposts 208 above ngerboard 209 across bridge 216 andmount to tailpiece 214 under tension as understood by aperson of skill in the ar

In an illustrative embodiment base 201 is lightweight andmay be rmed using a variety of materials including woodpolycarbonate, plastic, etc Example woods include alder,swamp ash, mahogany, poplar, basswood, maple etc Base201 may be partially solid and partially hollow to acco -


14/26

US 9,23,01 B2

5date wiring and other electroc components Base 201 ispically sized and shaped to be held comrably by a user.

In the illustrative embodiment ofFIG 2, neck202 is asymmetrical and includes a smooth, non-stick ish A volute atnut 205 allows a and of a user of guitar 102a to quickly ndthe st position and improves a total sustain and strength ofthe plurality of strings 206 Neck 202 is mounted to base 201at a neck joint 207 to allow maximum access to the pluralityof strings 206. Neck 202 may be rmed uing a variety ofmaterials including wood, graphite, etc xample woodsinclude alder, swamp ash, mahogany, poplar, basswood,maple, etc

Neck 202 includes a ngerboard 209 that includes a plurali of ets 211 Fingerboard 209 may be laminated to aont of neck 202. The plurali of strings 206 extend abovengerboard 209. Fingerboard 209 may be ed using avariety of materials including wood, carbon-ber, etc. andmay include a variety of inlays ed of various mateals

The plurality ofets211are raised stps of hrd material thatextend peedicular to the plurality of stngs 206 againstwhich one or more of the plurali of string 206 are pressedto change their vibrating length. In the illustrative embodiment ofFIG 2 ngerboard209 includes 23 ets allowing theuser to achieve a ll two octave range with a bend

In the illusraie embodimen of FIG 2 eadsock 204 ismounted to neck202 at an end opposite base 201 and includesthe plurality of stng posts 208 and the plrali of tuingknobs 210. Each stng of the plurality of strings 206 ismounted to a single string post of the plurality ofstring posts208. Each string post of the plurali of stng posts 208 isconnected to a single tning ob of the plurality of tningknobs 210.A user may manually adust the plurali of tuing

knobs 210 to adst a tension on the respective string asknown to a person of skill in e ar Additionally, the tensionon each string ofthe plurality of strings 206 may be adjustedusing motors to automatically tune guitar 102a

6by e microphone, and used to adust a sound parameter,which results in a more consistent nd authentic sound

Bridge 216 suppors and holds the plurality of strings 206in place relative to guitar ce 212 of base 201. Bridge 216may rher include a piezoelectric pickup (not shown) to

generate a piezoelectric signal The piezoelectric pickp mayinclude a crystal located under each string of the plurality ofstrings 206 and in a saddle of bridge 216 to generate a piezoelectc signal r each string of the plrality of strings 206.

1 o When a stng of the plurality ofstngs 206 vibrates, a shapeofthe crystal is distoed, and the stresses associated with thiscange in shape produce a voltage across the crystal that isdetected by the piezoelectric picp. e piezoelectricpicp may be mounted nder bridge 216 or rm part of

15 bdge 216. The piezoelectric pickp allows guitar 102a toreplicate a acoustic instent.

Bridge electromagnetic pickup 218 middle electromagnetic picp 220 and neck electromagnetic pickup 222 aretransducers at detect (or pick up") e vibrations generated

20 by the plurali of strings 206 and convert the mechanicalenergy into electrical energy Bridge electromagnetic pickup218 is positioned below the plurali of strings 206 and closest to bridge 216. Neck electromagnetic pickup 222 is positioned below the plurali of strings 206 and closest to neck

25 202. Middle electromagnetic pickup 220 is positioned belowthe pluraliy of sngs 206 and between bdge electromagnetic pickup 218 and neck electromagnetic pickup 222.Bdge electromagnetic pickup 218 middle electromagneticpickp 220 and neck electromagnetic pickup 222 contain

30 magnets that are tightly wrapped in one or more coils ofwireIn an illustrative embodiment one or more of bdge electromagnetic pickp 218 middle electromagetic pickp 220and neck electromagnetic pickup 222 are double-coil hum

bcker type electromgnetic pickups Ech coil of bridge35 electromagnetic pickup 218 middle electromagnetic pickup

220 and neck electromagnetic pickup 222 may be individually controlled to be on, o, or on-reverse polarity Guitar102a may include a wer or a greater number of electromag-In the illustrative embodiment of FIG 2 tailpiece 214

bridge 216 bridge electromagnetic pickup 218 center electromagnetic pickup 220 neck electromagnetic pickup 222 40tape eect control 226 distorion control228 master controlknob 230 volume control 232 tone control 234 switch 236and mode control 238 are mounted to guitar ce 212 of base201 whereas der bak 224 and audio conector 240 aremounted on a side of base 201 though other arrangementsmay be used

netic pickpsWith rerence to FIG 3 a side view of a portion of guitar

102a is shown in accordance with an illustrative embodimentIn an illustrative embodiment, der bak 224 is mounted ona side of guitar 102a though other mounting locations may beused in alteative embodiments Fader bak 224may include

45 a st der bank300 and a second der bank 302. First derbak 300 may be associated with a setting of tape eectcontrol226 and may include a rst der control 304, a second

der control306

and a third der control308

Second der

Tail piece214 includes an anchor rthe plurality ofstrings206

In an illustrative embodiment, one or mre contacts maybe mounted in tailpiece214 The one or more contacts may beused r counication between a rst microprocessor 50mounted in base 201 and a second microprcessor mounted

bak 302 may be associated with a setting of distorion control 228 and may include a urth der control 310 a hder control 312 and a sixth der control 314. Each of rst

in neck 202 and/or headstock 204. e one r more contactsmay provide power to the second microproessor as well asother circuitry mounted in neck 202 and/or headstock204 andmay transmit control data om the rst micrprocessor to thesecond microprocessor r example to cntrol automatictning of the plurality of strings 206 using motors to adjust aroation of the plraliy of string posts 208.

A miniature boundary microphone (not shown) may bemounted under tailpiece 214 so that the user's hand or adoes not cover the microphone and to protec the microphoneom dir and dust The microphone may provide a smooth

at, uncolored response and act as a sample of the ambientenviron1ent suounding guitar 102a to provide accuratedata r use in making signal adjustments based on a rerence point provided by the microphone For example a microburst of wite noise may be output om guitar 102a received

der control 304 second der control 306 third der control 308 urh der control 310 h der control 312 andsixth der control 314may include a der slider slot316and

55 a der slider knob318A user may adjust a de level setingby pressing on and sliding der slider ob 318 witin derslider slot 316 Each der control can be adjusted independently.

With rerence to FIGS. 4a and 4b a three-way toggle60 potentiometer 400 is shown in accordance with an illustrative

embodiment Tree way toggle potentiometer 400 includes aswitch 402 and a base 410. Switch402 can be positioned in a

plurality of positions: a rst position 404 a second position406 and a tird position 408. The toggle potentiometer may

65 be congured to provide a wer or a greater number ofpositions As shown with rerence to FIGS 4aand4bswitch402 is mounted to rotate within base 410 as shown by a


15/26

US 9,263,015 B2

7rotation plane 412. Rotation plane 412 is peendicular to anaxis 413 extending trou a center of switch 402.

Switch 402 includes a switch head 414 mounted to andextending om a switch sha 416. Switch sha 416 ismounted within a ring slot 418 of a switch ng 420. Switchring 420 rotates within base 410 when switch head 414 isrotated in rotation plane 412 by a user Switch head 414toggles rard andor backward within ring slot 418 whenswitch head 414 is moved om rst positin 404 which isgenerally peendicular to a plane dened by base 410 to 10second position 406 and/or third position 408. Rotation ofswitch head 414causes a rst parameter, a second parameter

8the reverberation decays and how bght the reverberationsounds compared to the original signal Second der control306 controls the amount of edback used in creating thereverberation eect The range of edback values controlledby second der control 306 depends on the type ofreverberation eect selected Tird der control 308 allows selectionom a plurality of types of reverberation efcts Forexmple, the type ofreverberation eect may be related to ecabinet sle

When tape eect control 226 is positioned in third position408 to control the modulation eect rst der control 304may be connected to adjust a depth level or perceived intensi of the modulation eect, second der control 306 may beconected to adjust a rate of the modulation effect, and third

or a third parameter associated with rst postion 404, secondposition 406 and third position 408 respectively, to beadjusted based on the direction and amount of rotation 15 der control 308 may be conected to select a type of modu

lation. As a result, rst der control 304 controls adjustentof a delay time step which control s how quickly the efctoscillates Second der control 306 controls adjustment of

With continuing rerece to FIG 2 and in a illustrativeembodiment, tape eect control 226 includes tree-waytoggle potentiometer 400. The position of tape eect control226 deteines a tape type eect applied to the electrical

signal generated by the pickups 218 220 222 and/or the 20piezoelectc pickup Tape pe eects include reverberationdelay and modulation As an example tape eect control 226positioned in st position 404 controls a deay (echo) eecttape eect control 226 positioned in second position 406controls a reverberation eect; and tape eect control 226 25positioned in trd position 408 controls a modulation eecThe tree eects can be individually controled and dialed in,but may be applied in series

First der control 304, second der contol 306 and thirdder control 308 of rst der bak 300 may be motozed or 30non-motozed ders which provide parameter controlbased on the toggle position of tape eect cntrol 226 Whentape eect control 226 is positioned in rst position 404 to

control the delay eect, rst der control 04 may be connected to adjust a delay time, second der control306may be 35connected to adjust a edback level, and third der control308 may be co1ected to select a type of delay ect. As aresult rst der control 304 controls the amount of delayused to create the delay (echo eect The range of delayvalues controlled by rst der control 304 depends on the 40type of delay eect selected Second der control 306 controls the amount of edback used in creating the delay eectThe range of edback values controlled y second dercontrol306depends on the type of delay efct selected. Thirdder control 308 allows selection om a plrality of types of 45delay eects. For example, the types of delay eects mayinclude digital delay, analog delay, tape echo reverse delay,

dynamic delay, etcWhen tape eect control 226 is pos itioned in second position 406 to control the reverberation eect a reverberation 50

the amt of delayed signal d back into the input of the

delay line per second Third der control 308 allows selection om a plurali of types of modulation eects Forexample, the pes ofmodulation eects may include chorsvibrato, tremolo, phasing anging, etc

Rotation of tape eect control 226 in either rst position404 second position 406 or third position 408 results in anadjstmen in a strength value of he coesponding eectsimilar to the way a wet/dry control works on a mixer. A zerovalue coesponds to no eect (dry) and a ll rotation corresponds to 00% of the eect (wet) Thus, rotation of tapeeect control 226 varies the balance between the y (undelayed) and wet (delayed signals As a result an input valuebased on rotation of tape eect control 226 in either rstposition 404 second position 406 or third position 408 may

result in a vale om 0 to In an illustrative embodiment distorion control 228includes tree-way toggle potentiometer400. The position ofdistorion control 228 deteines a distorion ect appliedto the electrical signal generated by the pickups 218 220 222and/or the piezoelectric pickp Distortion eects may beseparated into distortion equalization, and compressioneects As an example, distorion control 228 positioned inrst position 404 controls a distorion eect; distortion control 228 positioned in second position 406 controls an equalizer efct; and distortion control 228 positioned in thirdposition 408 controls a compressor eect The tree eectscan be individually controlled and dialed in by a user of guitar102a.

Fourh der control310

fth der control312

and sixthder control 314 of second der bank 302 may be motorizedor non-motorized ders, wch provide parameter controlbased on the toggle position of distorion control 228. Whendistorion control 228 is positioned in rst position 404 tocontrol the distortion efct, rst der control 304 may beconnected to select a type of distoion ect, second der

ect is applied that includes a combinatin of spring and"room tone reverberations A plurality of cabinet types (eg,l2, 22, 40, and 42) may be dened om a collection of ampliers and the sound ects meaured and testedFor each cabinet type selected, dierent reverberation efctsare selected based on the sound measurements Several difrent cabinet styles including open backed and close backedcabinets with dierent microphone positions in addition todirect modes with no cabinet modeling may be included rselection When tape eect control 226 is positioned in second position406 to control the reverberation eect, rst dercontrol304 may be conected to adjust a reverberation decay

level, second der control 306 may be coected to adjust aedback level, and tird der control 308 may be conectedto select a type level om spring to lush As a result, rst dercontrol 304 controls the amount oflow pass ltering used tocreate the reverberation eect by adjusting both how rapidly

55 control 306 may be conected to adjust a distortion amount,and third der control 308 may be connected to adjust anoutput gain For example, the types of distortion eects mayinclude ligh, light 2, medim, heavy, sred, screamer, andoverdrive The type of distorion selected can aect multiple

60 eects simultaneously. For example, changing the distortiontype may aect the prelter ive, cabinet simulator, distortion, overdrive, and equalizer efcts simultaneously

When distoion control 228 is positioned in second position 406 to control the equalizer eect rst der control 304

65 may be conected to adjust a rst gain value r a igh shelfequalizer, second der control 306 may be co1ected toadjust a second gain value r a parametc equalizer, and


16/26

US ,263,5 B2

9 10third der control 308 may be connected to adjust a third gain In an illustrative embodiment, volume control 232 includesvalue r a low shelf equalizer For example, the hi shelf a potentiometerused to select a volume level r the electricalequalizer may be associated with a equency range of 4 signal generated by guitar102akiloherz kHz) to 15 kHz; the parametric equalizer may be In an illustrative embodiment, tone control 234 includes aassociated with a equency range of 04 kilherz kHz) to 4 potentiometer used to select a tone r the electrical signalkHz; and the low shelf equalizer may be associated with a generated by guitar102a In an illustrative embodiment, toneequency range of 40 herz (Hz) to 400 Hz control 234 may provide a selection among a specied num-

When distortion control 228 is positioned in third position ber of values . For example, tone control 234 may provide a408 to control the compressor eect, rst der control 304 selection om among eight values A set of tone parameters

10may be conected to adjust a sustain time onstant, second may be associated with each of the eight values As ander control 306 may be conected to adjst a compressor example, the set of tone parameters may include an input trimtreshold, and tird der control 308 may be coneced to value, an otpt trim vale, and a equency, gain, and Q valeadust a noise gate reshold. dened r six equency bands

Rotation of distortion control 228 in either rst position 15 In an illustrative embodiment, depressing tone control 234

404 second position 406, or third position 408 results in an nd holding tone control 234 in the depressed position con-

adjustment in a strength value of the corresponding ect vers tone control 234 into a nction control. Iftone control

similar to the way a wet/dry control works on a mixer A zero 234 is rotated, a next nction setting is selected. Example

value coesponds to no eect and a ll rotation coesponds nctions may include changing the plurality of strings 206

to 100% of the eect 20 setting an intonation of guitar 102a etc.In a illustrative ebodient, mode cotrol 238 includes In an illustrative embodiment, master control knob 230

tree-way toggle potentiometer 400 The position of mode includes an eleven position rotary knob that works in con-

control238deteines aguitarmode.For example,mode junctionwiswitch236. Mastercontrol knob230may also

control 238 may be used to adjust the pickup coguration of nction as a display indicating the state of guitr 102a For

pickups 218 220 222 and the blend of the piezoelectric 25 example once the tuning of guitar102a has nished, a tuning

signal wih he electromagnetic pickp signal .As an example, peg symbol on master control knob 230 ashes gree to

mode control 238 positioned in rst position 404 controls a indicate that tning is complete In an illustrative embodi-

piezoelectc blend value mode control 238 positioned in ment switch 236 is a ve position switch ough a wer or a

second position406 controls a tuning value and mode control greater number of switc positios may be used in alteative

238 positioned in third position 408 control a pickup mode 30 embodiments . The 55 setting combinations of master control

Rotation ofmode control 238 in rst position 404results in an knob 230 and switch may be associated with sond presets or

adjustment inaproporionofthe piezoelectricsignal relativepatchesand/oradditionalpickup mode settings .

to the magnetic pickup signal A zero value corresponds to no A user selects a switch position of the ve switch positions

piezoelectric signal and a ll rotation corresponds to 1 OO%by sliding slider knob242 wiin slider slot 244. When switch

piezoelectc signal. 35 236 is switched, the last preset seting r that switch seting

Rotation of mode control 238 in second position 406 is retrieved regardless of a position of master control knob

results in an adjustment in the tning of the purality of strings 230 If master control knob 230 is rotated, a next preset in the

206 For example if mode control 238 is rotaed a next tuning selected bank associated with that switch setting as dened

setting is selected In an illustrative embodiment, mode con- by switch 236) is selected and becomes the deult r that

trol 238 may allow selection of eleven dierent tuning set- 40 switch position Each switch position may allow selection of

tings though a wer or a greater number of tning settings a preset wiin at bank by rotating master control knob 230

may be selectable. Each tuing setting recalls every param- clockwise or counter clockwise through the eleven positions

eter that denes creation of that tune using gitar 102a For though a wer or a greater number of positions may be

example, a tning name and a equency vale r each of the selectable using master control knob 230 Each preset seting

pluralityofstrings206may bedenedr each ofthetning 45 recallseveryparameterthatdenes creationofasoundusing

settings When a tuning seting is selected, the tuning of each guitar 102a For example, an entire set of possible eects

of the plurali of strings 206 is automatically adjusted to the parameters or sound processing parmeters may be ssoci-

respective equency value stored r that tning seting

ated with each preset setting, which also may be rerenced as

Rotation of mode control 238 in tird position 408 results a patch, and stored in a computer-readable medium.

in an adjustment in the pickp mode, which controls the 50 As an example, the eects parameters or sound processing

congurationoftheelectromagnetic pickups, i.e. , wichcoils parameters that dene a "sound associated with a preset

ofbridge electromagneticpickup 218 center electromagnetic setting are stored in a computer-readable medium such as a

pickup 220 and neck electromagnetic pickp 222 are active ash memory in guitar 102a in a binary data strcture based

and the phase of the coils . In an illustrative embodiment, on the llowing data structures:

mode control 238 may allow selection of eleven dierentpickup mode setings though a wer or a eater number ofpickup mode settings may be selectable. Fo example, in theillstrative embodiment ofFIG. 2 guitar 102a has tree electromagnetic picps, each with two coils The coils are congured by analog switches that are controlled by a processorof guitar 102a Each picp can be put in one of thirteenunique cogurations providing a total of 3*13*13=2,197

possible congrations r the combination of all tree pickups Rotation ofmode control 238 in third poition 408 allowsa selection among the most comonly used pickup congurations Each pickup conguration indicate if the pickup isactive and if it is cogured as a single coil or double coil.

55

60

65

typedef sct {int indexu32 ags;ParamPickup

oatParamPrelterParamNoisegate

ParamDriveParamDistortion

pickps;

to 100.0%

noisegate;compressor;

sustainer


17/26

ParmCabinetParmEqoat

ParmChosParmPhaserParmTremoloParamWawaParmDelayParamReverbParaEqfoatfoatSound;

1 1

-continued

cabinet;postDistortionPeq;

postDistortionEqWetlevel

ch osphaser;tremolowahwah;

delayreverb

outputGain;100.0%

0.0%to 1000%

Pickp, Coilswitching *pede sct {

u32 coibridgeu32 coil_center;u32 coinec;

typ d ! struct {

u32 bypass;foat inputTrim;foat ouutTrim;PmBd bds[PEQBANDS];

ParamEq;typede sct

foat gain;foat qValue;foat equency

PaBand:Pre-lter Eect

pede sct u32 bypass;u32 type;

decibels dB)! Q hertz Hz)

foat equency; HzParPrelter:

Noise Gate Eect* /typede stct {

u32

foat aack;foat hold;foat release:

//dB milliseconds (msec msec//msec

ParamNoisegate;Compressor Ect

typede sct u32 bypass:u32 type;foat threshold; //dB

ParamCompressor;Drive Eect

typede sct 32 bypassu32 pe

foat amount;foat equencyParamDrive

Sustainer Eecttypede sct

u32 bypass;foat sustain;foat release;

PamSustainer:

11 msec 0.0% to 100.0%

00%to 100.0%//Hz

00%to 1000%/msec

Distortion Ectpede sct {

u32 bypassu32 pe;u32 fags;foat amount;foat gain;foat wetlevel;

ParamDistortion;

00% to 100.0%//dB/ 0.0% to 100.0%

Cabinet simulator and postdistortion equalizer Eet*pede sct {

u32 bypassu32 pe;

US 9,63,05 B

ParamBand bands[3];ParmCabinet;

12

-continued

Modulation (Chos! Vibrato /Flnge Eect /

pede stct u32 bypass;u32 typefoat wetlevel; //0.0% to 100.0%foat delayTimeMilliseconds; //msecfoat rateHertz; //low equency oscillation LFO

10 rate in Hz

ParmChos;Phaser Eect

pedestct

LFO amplitde in msec0.0% to 1000%

15 u32

20

25

30

u32 0 r sine LFO 1 r iangle

foat maxFrequency;foat rate; // LFO rate in Hz

//0.0%to 100.0%

00% to 100.0%PamPhaser;Tremolo Eect*

typede sct {u32 bpass;u32 sync;foat rate;foat depth

ParamTemolo

LFO with chosrate in Hz

0.0% to 100.0%

** Wahwah Ect* /typede sct {

u32

foat gain: // dBfoat qValueParmWahwah;

Wahwah Eect Short /

//Hz35 aramWalwalr1 qincy;

** Delay Ect*

40

45

50

55

60

typede struct {u32u32

0.0% to 1000%foat wetlevel;foat time:foat edbac: 0.0% to 100.0%foat lowPassFrequency // Hzfoat modulationate //Hzfoat modulationDep 11 msecfoat ducking; //dB

ParmDelayReverb Eect*

typede sct {u32 bypass;u32 type;

foat wetlevel; // 0.0% to 100.0%//dB

foat roomsize;ParmDiuser diusers[REVERB_DIFFUSER_COUNT];

} ParaReverbtypede sct {

u32

foat eedbac PramDiuser;

line length in samples

i 0.0% to 100 0%

Thus, a value dened r each eect parameter of a plurality ofeects denes a preset setting. In an illstrative embodi

ment the plurali of eects which can be dened r a presetsetting include a pickup selection, magnetic equalization

65 piezoelectc equalization, piezoelectric blending, pre-ltering, noise gating, compression sustain drive, distortion,cabinet simulation, post-distortion equalization, modulation


18/26

US 9,26,05 B2

13(chorus vibrato, ange), phaser tremolo wah-wh delay,reerberation, post reverberation equalization, and outputgain For each eect there are associated eects parametersthat dene the characteristics r that eect. For example thewah-wah eect is dened by a equency vaue a gain value,

and a Q value Because in some situations the only eectsparameter of the wah-wah eect that is changed is the equency value, a separate strucre is dened which onlydenes the equency to reduce the nmber o fbytes needed totransmit the changed value r the wah-w eect

14Counication inteace 510 provides an interce r

receiving and transmitting data between devices using vari

ous protocols transmission tecnologies and transmissionmedi as kown to those skilled in the ar Commuicationinterce 510 may support communication using varioustransmission media that may be wired or wireless. Electronics

module500may have one or more conication intercesthat use the same or a dierent commuication interce

tecology. For example, electronics module 500 may10

include a st communication interface to a wired transmission medium and a second communication interface to a

In an illustrative embodiment, audio conector 240includes a standard 14 inch guitar output andor a low-impedance balanced output circuit. Both electromagnetic andpiezoelectc pickup signals may be outpt trough audioconector 240 Audio conector 240 may e a type of tip- 15ring-sleeve TRS) connector

wireless transmissionmedim Data and/or messages may be

transed between eleconics module 500 and extealdevice 502 using communication interce 510.

Computer-readable medium 512 is an electronic holdingplace or storage r inrmation so that the irmation can beaccessed by processor514 as kown to those skilled in the ar

ith rerence to FIG 5 a block diagrm of n electronicsmodule 500 of guitar 102a is shown in accordance with anillustrative embodiment Electronics module500may receive

signals om the plurali of strings 206 bdge electromag- 20netic pickup 218, center electromagnetic pickup 220, neckelectromaetic picp 222, the piezoelectric pickup controls 501 and/or a display 504 monted on or within guitar102a Controls 501 may include the plurali of ning kobs210 der bank 224 tape eect control 226 distortion con- 25rol 228 master corol kob 230 volume ontrol 232 tonecontrol 234, switch 236 and mode control 238. Electronicsmodule500 also may receive signals omal exteal devicesuch as any device included in sound system 100

Computer-readable medi 512 can include, but is not lim

ited to, any type of random access memory (RAM), any typeof read only emory RM), any pe of as emory, etc .

such as magnetic storage devices (e .g. , hard disk, oppy disk

magnetic strips, secre digital (SD) cards, ), optical disks(eg, compact disc (CD), digital versatile disc (DVD), . ) ,smar cards, ash memory deices, etc Elecroics module500 may have one or more computer-readable media that usethe same or a dierent memory media technology Electron

ics module 500 also may have one or more drives that supporthe loading of a memory media such as a CD DVD or SD

cardElectronics module 500 may include an input interface 30

506 an output interce 508, a commuicatin inteace 510Processor 514 executes instrctions as kown to those

skilled in the ar Processor 514 may be implemented in

hardare, rmware, or any combination of these methods

a computer-readable medium 512 a processor 514 and asignal processing application 516 Dierent nd additional

components my be incorporated into electronics module500.

Input interface 506 provides an inteae r receivinginrmation into electronics module 500 as kown to thoseskilled in the art For example, input inteace 506 mayinclude an interce to display 504 the plrality of strings206 controls 501, etc. The same interce may support bothinput interface 506 and output interface 508 For example, atouch screen both allows user input and presents output to theuser. Additionally, an electrical connector may provide bothan input interce and an output interce fr controls 501Electronics module 500 may have one or more input interces that use the same or a dierent input interface tecnology.

Output interce 508 provides an interface r sendinginrmation om electronics module 500 o other components of guitar 102a For example, output interface 508 mayinclude an interce to display 504 the plrality of strings206 controls 501 etc. Display 504 may be a tin lm transistor display, a light emiting diode display, a liquid crystaldisplay, or any of a variety of dierent diplays kown tothose skilled in the ar Electronics module 500 may have oneor more output interces that use the same or a dierentinterce technology

In an illustrative embodiment, the posiions ofcontrols501are not changed by processor 514 through output inteace508 Instead, processor 514 receives a control position om acontrol ofthe controls 501 and uses that position to adjust thesetting of the ect associated with the control Thus, a state

ofthe control as stored in computer-readable medium 512 andaccessible by processor 514 is updated based on the changeand subsequent movement of the control is relative to this newstate The state of the control may be dened and/or updatedby an exteal device using commuication interface 510

35anor in combination with sofare. The te "execution isthe process of ring an application or the carrying out oftheoperation called r by an instruction The instrctions may

be writen using one or more programming lnguage, scpting language assembly language, etc Processor 514executes

40 an instrction, meaning that it pers/controls the opera

tion called r by that instrction. Processor 514 operablycouples with input interce 506 wi output interce 508with comm1ication inteace 510 and with computer-readable medi 512 to receive, to send, and to process inr-

45 mation. Processor 514 may retrieve a set of instrctions oma peanent memory device and copy the instrctions in anexecutable to a temporary memory device that is gen

erally some 1 of RAM Electroics module500

mayinclude a plurality of processors that use the same or a dier-50 ent processing technology

Signal processing application 516 pers operationsassociated with processing electrical signals received omthe plurality of strings 206 bdge electromagnetic pickup218 center electromagnetic pickup 220 neck electromag-

55 netic pickup 222 and the piezoelectric pickup based on thesettings associated with each control of controls 501 andother sond processing parameters stored in computer-readable medium 512 Some or all of the operaions describedherein may be embodied in signal processing application 516.

60 The operations may be implemented using hardware, rmware, software or a combination of these methods Withrerence to the example embodiment of FIG 5 signal pro

cessing application 516 is implemented in soare (comprised of computer-readable andor computer-executable

65 instructions) stored in computer-readable medium 512 andaccessible by processor 514 r execution of the instrctionsthat embody the operations of signal processing application


19/26

US 9,23,0 B2

15516 Signal processing application 516 may be wrien usingone or more programming languages, assebly languages,scripting languages etc.

10

16ponents of electronics module 500a of guitar 102a may bereplaceable. For example, adapter 700 may be used to allowvarious guitar designs to be used with electronics module500a and vice versa where adapter 700 includes guitar controls that may not be used in all models, but accommodatevarious guitar designs. By standardizing a rm ctor relectronics module 500a higher voles of production andlower costs can be achieved because the same electronicsmodule 500a can be used in many dierent types and modelsof guitar.

With rerence to FIG. 6 a block diagram of an electronicsmodule 500a of guitr 102a is shown in accordnce with an

illustrative embodiment. Electroics module 500a mayinclude a multiplexer 600 a digital signal processor (DSP)602 a wireless communication module 604 a microconollerunit (MCU) 606 a plurality ofanalog-to-digital converers(ADCs) 610 an ADC 614 and a tailpiece sring circuit 616.Dierent and additional components may be incooratedinto electronics module 500a

In an illustrative embodiment, a synchronous serial datalik coects MCU 606 o wireless comunication module604 and conunicates digital signals in ll duplex mode

15between MCU 606 and wireless co unicationmodule 604

Multiplexer 600 and wireless co unication module 604are example comication inteaces 510. Multiplexer 600receives signals in an analog or in a Sony/Philips digitalinterconnect rat (SPDIF) o DSP 602 and outputs thesignals to audio conector 240 1ou not shown with reference to FIG. 6 multiplexer600 may receive a piezoelectricsignal generated by a piezoelectric pickup 608 r each of the

plurali of strings 206 and/or signals generated by bridge 20electromagetic picp 218 center electromagnetic pickup220 anor neck electromagnetic pickup 222 As an example,bridge electromagnetic picp 218 center electromagneticpickup 220 and/or neck electromagnetic pickup 222 maygenerate a sigal om each end ofeach coil fthe pickup. For 25a hbucker pickup each pickup may geneae ur signals.

Wireless co unication module 604 sends and receives signals trough an antena 605 operably coupled to wirelesscommunication module 604 of electroics module 500a.Antena605 may be cogured to send and to receive signals

at vaous equencies.A synchronous seal data link also conects MCU 606 to

DSP 602 in ll duplex mode. MCU 606 and DSP 602 areexample processors 514 which include computer-readablemedium 512 on which is stored sigal processing application516

In an illusrative embodiment DSP 602 is a DSPB56720multi-core audio processor manuctred by Freescale Semiconductor Inc. For example DSP 602 may include two cores,which are synchronously clocked and include parallel pro-

In an illustrative embodiment, audio connecor 240 can nction as a mono a balanced analog output, a stereo, an unbalanced analog output or as a ll duplex SPDIF input andoutput. 30 cessing paths as well as a shared memory space. Both cores

may be xed point 24-bit processors. Each core may includethree separate memory spaces: a P memory r progran1 codeand an Xmemory and aYmemory r data. Each memory

As shown with rerence to FIG. 6, the analog piezoelectricsignals generated by piezoelectric pickup 608may be input toADCs 610 which convert the analog signal t a digital signal.

The resulting digital representation of the piezoelectc signals generated by piezoelectric pickp 608 may be input to 35DSP 602 r processing. The aalog magnetic picp signalsgenerated by bridge electromagnetic pickup 218 center electromagnetic pickup 220 and/or neck electromagnetic pickup222 may be combined and input to ADC 64 The resultingdigital representation of the combined analog magnetic 40pickup signals may be input to DSP 602 r processing. Theanalog microphone signal generated by a icrophone 609may be input to ADC 614 e resulting digital representation

space may be ddressed separtely such that loction xr P memory is a dierent physical memory location thanlocation x rX memory. Each core may have a serialperipheral interce (SPI) por trough which DSP 602 commuicates with MCU 606 In an illustrative embodiment aplug-in may be installed on DSP 602 to apply eects to thesignals generated by the pickups 218, 220 222 microphone609 and piezoelectric pickp 608 which are input to DSP602

In an illustrative embodiment, MCU 606 is an STM32ARM Corex microcontroller unit manuctred by STMi-ofthe analog microphone signal may be inpt to DSP 602 r

processing. 45 croelectroics with 52 kilobytes ofash memory. MCU 606can control DSP 602 by sending comand packets over theSPI aer both cores are loaded with signal processing appli

cation516

as appropriate. In an illustrative embodiment, the

In an illustrative emodiment control inputs om guitar102a, including der bak 224 tape eect control 226, dis

tortion control228

master control knob230

volume control232 tone control 234 switch 236, and mode contrl 238 areinput to MCU 606 MCU 606 may be congured to output 50signals to tailpiece stng circuits 616 to control a tension onthe plurality of stngs 206 based on a seting selected by theuser using mode control 238 in second posiion 406

With rerence to FIG. 7 a wiring diagra om der bak224 tape efct control 226 distorion control 228 master 55control knob 230 volume control 232 tne control 234switch236 mode control 238 bridge electromagnetic pickup218 center electromagneic pickp 220 neck electromagnetic pickup 222 and piezoelectric pickp 608 to an adapter700 coupled to electronics module 500a f guitar 102a is 60shown in accordance with an illustrative embodiment. Other

co and packets sent om MCU 606 to DSP 602 include aheader that species a category indicator and a co andindicator. Aer receiving a packet, DSP 602 may send aresponse packet to MCU 606 that indicates a success orilure of the co and.

The category indicator may indicate categories such as asystem category and an ect category. The system categorymay be used r general DSP identication and control. Theeect category may be used to get or set parameters associaed with an ect. For example, a command specifying a geteect category may request the currently set values r theparameters associated with an eect by specifying an eectindex to the eect in the command packet. e responsepacket sent om DSP 602 to MCU 606 includes the crrently

set values rthe eect indicated by the specied eect index.A comand speciing a set eect category may request that

wiring aangements may be dened to conect the elements

ofguitar102a to electroics module 500a Additionally, derbak 224 tape eect control 226 distorton control 228master control knob 230 volume control 232 tone control234 switch 236 and mode control 238 may be positioned inalteative locations on guitar 102a Some r all of the com-

65 the parameters associated with n eect be set to valuesdened in the comand packet by specifying the index to theeect and the desired values r the eect parameters.


20/26

US 9,263,05 B2

17 18As n example, a tone setting may be adjusted based on a

user selection using tone control234. A vale indicating theuser selection and indicating a tone control ect index maybe sent in a command packet om MCU 606 to DSP 602using the SPI and specifying a set eect category. T1e param

eters associated with that tone may be extracted om a lookuptable stored in a computer-readable medium 512 ofDSP602DSP 602 may con tat the eect index is valid. If theeect index is valid, the eect parameters asociated with theeect index are set to the values received in the coandpacket. Signal processing application 516 uses he ect

prameters in subsequent processing of e input signals ombridge electromagnetic pickp 218 center electromagneticpic'p 220, neck electromagnetic pickup 222 and piezoelectric pickup 608.

In an illustrative embodiment an eect index tale asshown below may be implemented where the eect index andassociated inpts are sent in a set ect category comandpacket to change the values of e parameters associated withe eect so that DSP 602 utilizes these values in subseuentsignal processing:

Eect EectIndex description Input

Piezoelectric picp ixchnnel mixerPrmeic

Prmetic equlizer rpiezoelecic pickup

Piezoelectric pickp blendmixer

4 Prelter

Noise gte

Compresor

Drive

Sustin

Ditortion

10 Parmeric cbinetequlizer

11 Modultion(Chor!ibrto /Flnger)

12 Phser

13 Tremolo

A gin vlue r ech string.

Filter coecient r low bnd, low-mid bnd, highmid bnd, nd high bnd clculted r six bndpetrc equlizer bed on Q vle,nd equency vlue dened nd ninput trim vlue and n re equlizer. In embodiment, e ixbnd prmetric equlizer inputs including ginvlue, Q vlue, nd deed rech bnd nd

l t11pu 111

Filter coecient r low lowmid bnd, highbnd clculted r ix bnd

Higps lter coecients clculted bed on Jtr

.I ve pe seected om: t, owvintge, vintge3) nd low cut

hold time contnt vlue nck time contt vue, nd relee time contntvlueA threshold vlue n ttck time constnt vlue, relee time constnt vlue, nd compresion tblecreted bed on the etting of the threhold vlue nd compreion mount elected bed on pe ( eg ,thr ne 8: 1 4: 1; :1 vlue elected.

lter coecient clculted bsed on typeof drive electedwh, reso lp, ac1vo 1, IC p, U.vo

n mount vlue of n mont of drive selected,equency vlue elected.A utin time constt, relese time contnt, nd ck time consttA vlue of wet level, threhold vlue, mkeup

n ck time constnt vlue, releseconstant vlue, an ttck time delt vlue, low

ps lter coecient vlues, nd distorion tblecreted bsed on distortion ount nd type ofditortion elected even ype: light ,medin, hevy, creerHigh ps, peking bnd, low /high helving bnd ndlow pss lter coecients lculted bsed on cbinet type.A vlue of wet level, time tep vlue, and depvlueA vlue ofhe inim equency, mximumequency vue, rte vue, depth vle,

edbck vlue, nd low equency oscil ltors hpevlue.A vlue r e rte nd vlue r the dep The

emolo cn be ynchronized with the choru r rotting peker eect


21/26

US ,63,5 B

Ect Eectndex description

19

-continued

nputs

20

14 Wah-wA valu r equency e valu r e Q valu,and a vale to eable or dsab e wa-wah.

15 Dlay A value of a wt lvl, a timeedback gain vlue a low passvalu a modulaion rat valu a modulation dpthvalu, nd a ducking value that automatically reducse volume of e eect whil guitar 102a i s playdn an illustrativ mbodimnt 102aautomaticly dtcts a tempo being played ndsets te accordingly if a "tap tmpo modis 102a.

16 Reverb A valu of a wet leveL lvl, a gating lvl,nd low pass

diusrs17 Final qualizr r a low low-mid bnd, high

band calculatd r a six bandpamtric on a gain value,and a equency value dened r each band an

input im value and n output im value dd rt equalizer. In alteativ mbodimnt the sixband parameic equalizer inputs including a gainvalue a Q valu d a quncy vale ded rach band, and n input trim valu and an ouut trimvlue dd r the be d tltr cocint by

18 Ton control19 Output gain

A valu indicating a selction using ton control 234.A gain valu

A wer or a greater number of eects may be dened in30

any orderA eect may be turned o using a bypass setingr that eect index Additionally, an input om a controlrceived by MCU 606 may be used to calulate an ectsparameter input to DSP 602 For example, the distortion tablemay be dened based on a distorion amont and a type of 35distortion selected using distortion control 228 positioned inrst position 404 and rst der control304 nd second dercorol

e eects associated with a single sond combine thesettings of all of the eects as cuently dened in DSP 602 40To update the values associated with each eect, a new valuecan be set using a comand packet sent m MCU 606 asdiscussed above. The new values may be set by adjusting thecontrols of guitar 102a or based on values recivd troughwireless comunication module 604 Additonally, DSP 602 45may selectively pass the input signals received om bridgeelectromagnetic pickp 218, center electromagnetic pickup220

neck electromagnetic pickup222

and piezoelectricpickup 608 through to either audio conector 240 and/orwireless counication module 604 withot modication 50

repetitions, concurrently, and/or in other orders than thosethat are illustrated In an operation 800 piezoelectric signalsare received om piezoelectric pickup 608. As shown withrernce to FIG. 6 the piezoelectric signals may be recivdin digital after processing rou ADCs 610

With continuing rerence to FIG 8 in an operation 801 again value dened r each sing of the plurality of sings206 is applied, r example, using a six channel mixer Ofcourse, if guitar 02a icludes a greater or a er uber ofstrings of the plurality of strings 206 the mixer may includea greater or a wer nmber of chanels In an operation 802the lter coecients r the six band parametric equalizer, theinput trim value, and the output tm value dened r piezoelectc pickup 608 are applied to the mixed piezoelectcsignal

In an operation 803 an electromagnetic pickup signal isreceived om bridge electromagnetic pickp 218 centerelectromagnetic pickup 220 and neck electromagetic

pickp222.

As shown with rerence to FIG.6

the electromagnetic picp signal may be received in digital rm afterprocessing throughADC 614. Additionally, the received electromagnetic pickup signal may be combined om bridgeelectromagnetic pickp 218 center electromagnetic pickup220 and neck electromagnetic pickup 222 using a mixer. Inan operation 804 the lter coecients r the six band para-

DSP 602 may store the current eects setings in computerreadable medium 512 ofDSP 602 For example, the values ofthe parameters that dene the eects r a s ingle sound maybe dened in a lookup table As each audi input signal isreceived into DSP 602 based on a clock cyce, the eects aresuccessively applied to the input signal using signal processing application 516 to 1 an output signal that may becommnicaed o mltiplexer600 and audio conector240toexeal device 502 or to MCU 606 and wieless commuication module 604 to exteal device 502.

55 metric equalizer, the input trim value, and the output trimvalue dened r the electromagnetic pickups 218 220, 222are applied to the received electromagnetic pickp signal.

With rerence to FIG. 8 example opertions associatedwith signal processing application 516 are describd. Addi

tional wer, or dierent operations may be peormeddepending on the embodiment The order of presentation ofthe operations of FIG. 8 is not intended to be limiting. Thus,although some of the operational ows re presented insequence, the various operations may be performed in various

In an operaion 805 the equalized electromagnetic andpiezoelecric sigals are mixed based on the piezoelectc

60 gain value. The electromagnetic pickup gain is automaticallycalculated as l .the piezoelectric gain value. Thus, if thepizolectric gain value is input as 075, the electromagnetic

gain is set to 0.25.In a n operation 806 the high-pass lter coefcients calcu-

65 lated based on the prelter pe (e g , ve types selected om:at, low bun1p, vintage I , vintage2, vintage3) and the low cutequency value are applied to the mixed signal to remove


22/26

US 9,63,05 B

21unwanted direct current DC and similar noise om themixed signal In an operation 808 the noise gate controls areapplied to the ltered signal to miimize the amount of noiseheard at the output The noise gate controls automaticallyreduce input gain to zero when the mixed signal drops below

the selected noise gate treshold The attack hold and releasetime constant values allow the noise gate to pen and close ina way that does not interre with the generted sound

22nber of words to read om DSP 602 DSP 602 may retua variable length packet depending on the number of words toread tat includes the value( s stored at the requested addressofthe requested memory space r the requested core A writeDSP memory command includes an indication of the core an

indication of the memory space an address a number ofwords to read om DSP 602 and the values to store at therequested address of the requested memory space r therequested core. DSP 602 may ret a response packet thatIn an operation 810 distorion efcts are applied to the

noise gated signal For example e compessor sustainerdve and distortion control seings are applied to the noisegated signal e combination of the comressor and sustainer create a gain-slew aect common to many amplierswhen operated at igh volume levels The amplier attempts

10 indicates the success or ilure of the wte DSP memorycommand

to restrict output levels at a maximum wile boosting lower 15levels to te desired gai Te copressor and sustainer caalso achieve long sustained sounds wile reducing the transient signal levels e g initial string plucks. The dve control articulates e color of e distorion allowing the selec

tion of the portion of the equency spectrm incuing more 20distorion

In an operation812 the igh pass peaking band low/highshelving band and low pass lter coeciens dened r theparan1etric cabinet equalizer based on a cabinet type areapplied to the distorted sigal In an operation 814 modula- 25ion eects are applied o the second equalied signal outputbased on the parametric cabinet equalizer eect settings. Forexample chors/vibrato/anger phaser tremolo wah-wahand delay control settings are applied to the econd equalizedsignal. In an operation816 reverberation eects settings are 30applied to the modulated signal In an operation818 the alparametric equalizer is applied to the reverb sigal. In anoperation820 the ouut gain is applied to the nal equalized

siglIn an operation 822 the processed audio signal i s output 35om DSP 602 to multiplexer600 and audio connector 240 toexteal device 502 or to MCU 606 and wieless commuication module 604 to exteal device 502 The processedaudio signal may be transmited in a digital . The sameeects settings are applied to the received piezoelectric and 40electromagnetic pickup signals until DSP 602 receives a seteect category command om MCU 606 wich updates thespecied eect setings The updated eects setings areapplied to successive pickup signals Transmission of a seteect category command om MCU606 to DSP 602may be 45triggered by user adjustment of one or more of der ak224 tape eect control 226 distortion control 228 master

control knob230

volume control232

tone control234

switch236 and mode control238.Additionally transmissionof a set eect category command om MC606 to DSP602 50may be triggered by receipt of a control signal trough wireless communication module 604 om exteal device 502

In an illustrative embodiment wireless comunicationmodule604 is a Bluetooth system that implements a comunication protocol based on the Bluetooth protocol to conectwith some or all exteal devices 502 Bluetooth is a packetbased protocol with a master-slave stcture that partitios asignal to be transmied into segments. Two signals may beoverlaid on each other. In an illustrative embodiment a rstsignal includes an audio stream om guitar 102a The audio

stream may be the processed audio signal output om DSP602 and transmitted om antenna 605 In an illustrativeembodiment the audio stream is sent directly to wirelesscommunication module 604 om DSP 602 using an integrted interchip Sound (I2S digital interface conection

A second signal includes program and musical insentdigial intece MIDI) control messages wch are sent todevices paired with guitar 102a, wich may act like a masterdevice in a piconet established based on the Bluetooth protocol Thus neork114may include a piconet or other ad hocnetworkAexteal device 502 may send Bluetooth packetsto guitar102a which control operation of electronics module500a by deing eects settings. MCU 606 receives theeects and sends the eect values to DSP 602 in a command

packet as described previously Aditiolly control parmeters of guitar102amay be displayed on exteal device 502.In an illustrative embodiment the communication of packetsbetween devices is supported using a time division multiplexing scheme where the devices paired with guitar 102a aresynchronized in time.

When gitar 102a is not connected to neork 114 wireless communication module 604 periodically listens r messages om exteal device 502.As an example when extealdevice 502 is switched on wireless exteal device 502 automatically initiates an inquiry to nd guitar102a Guitar102aresponds with its addess Guitar 102a may be congured torespond only when placed in a pairing mode using a control ofthe controls 501. In an illustrative embodiment an extended

inquiry response EIR method is used to read a companyidentier and the device address The company identier maybe used to recognize other devices appropriate r communicating wirelessly with guitar102a

The device address eld is established r both a sendingand a receiving device in the established piconet wich mayrm all or a part ofnetwork 114 Part of the device address

The comand indicator may indicate a type of systemcommand Example types of system commands may includean identication command a get version comand a readDSP memory command and a write DSP memory commandA identication command may be used to con that DSP602 is loaded and rning If properly loaded nd runingDSP 602 may retu a known value in the reponse packet Aget version comand may be used to deteine a versionnumber of signal processing application 516 DSP 602 mayretu a version numer of signal processing application 516

55 eld may be used to dene the type of device wile a secondpar of the device address eld may be used to dene aninstance of the device type to allow multiple devices of thesame ype to be included in network 114 In an illustrativeembodiment the address eld may rher indicate a compo-

in the response packet A read DSP memory command maybe used to read one or more words om computer-readablemedium 512 of DSP 602

The command packet may include an indication of thecore an indication of the memory space an address and a

60 nent of guitar102awhich receives the packet For example ifguitar102a includes a plurality of processors each processor514 may adressed separately

In an illustrative embodiment the second par of theaddress eld used to dene an instance of the device type may

65 be a random code generated by the device For example atree-digit code may be dened using [A-Z] [0-9] resulting in46,656 possible codes As a result it is unlikely that dierent


23/26

US 9,6,015 B

23devices generate the same code 1e resulting code r guitar102a may be displayed on master control knob 230 r rerence by a user

24

Aer receiving the address om guitar 102a, a pagingprocedure is executed to syncronize exteal device 502

with guitar102a Packet exchange is based n a master clockwith the master transmitting in specied time slots and theslave device(s) (exteal device 502) transmiting in otherassigned time slots. A lik is established between extealdevice 502 and guitar 102a and ifoatin related to the 10serices available om exteal device 502 and guitar 102a isexchanged Standard network protocols may be used to sendand receive data.

number r all counicating devices The packet mbersmay restart at zero when a maximum value is reached, r

example, based on a number of bytes of the packet number

eldThe contains acknowledge ag indicates whether or not the

packet includes an acknowledgement r a previously

received packet. The packet ber eld of the packetacknowledged indicates the packet number of the packet

being acowledged in the current packet. When a packet isreceived, the receiving device waits a timeout period if anacknowledgement is to be sent based on the setting of theneed acknowledge ag. If anoher packet is being sent, the

acknowledge is put into the header of the packet by seing theIn an illustrative embodiment, guitar 102a is ted on andthe tree-digit code of guitar 102a is displayed on master 15control knob 230 where the master cotrol knob 230 is

contains acknowledge ag and packet number eld indicat

ing the packet number ofthe packet acknowledged. If anotherpacket is not being sent, an empty packet is generated containing the acknowledgment

switched to a setup ction A second device, such as aotswitch controller of the one or more tswitch control-

The version number eld indicates the version of the

header denition of the current packet 1e sender addresseld icludes te address of the device sedig te cuet

packet The receiver address eld includes the address of the

device intended to receive the cuent packet Other devicesreceiving the packet may ignore the packet The number of

lers 106 is switched on and a setup nction is entered to

initiate a pairing nction beeen guitar 102a and the ot- 20switch controller All devices with the specied companyidentier may be listed on a display assoiated with eachotswitch controller of the one or more tswitch controllers 106 The device name of guitar 102a may be selectedom the display, r example, using up/down butons to highlight the device name of gitar 102a and pressing an "Enterbutton Of course, other devices including additional guitars

25 byes eld indicates the number of byes included in the dataportion of the current packet

The category identier eld identies the pe of packet.of the one or more guitars 102 one or more ampliers 104one or more inteace devices 108 and one r more computing devices may e similarly paired with guitar 102a.

In an illustrative embodiment guitar 102a and the paireddevices may store the appropriate device identiers into computer-readable medium 512 of MCU 606 anor DSP 602 to

automtically re-establish a conection beteen the deviceswhen each deice is tued on A user may pair some deviceswith a rst guitar of the one or more guitars 102while pairinga difrent set of devices with a second guitar of the one ormore guitars 102 whereas some devices may be paired withmultiple guitars ofthe one or more guitars 102 depending onthe desired conguration of network 114

As known to a person of skill in the ar, a packet sentto/om itar 102a may include a header prtion and a dataporion. A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) may be applied tothe header and/or to the entire packet to insure proper receiptof the packet For example the packet may include a rstCRC value calculated r the header porion fthe packet anda second CRC value calculated r the entire packet. The

header portion may include a start sign eld, a need acknowledge ag a packet number eld a contains aknowledge ag,a packet number eld of the packet acknowledged, a versionnumber eld, a sender address eld, a receier address eld,a number of bytes eld, and a category identier eld used toidentify a type of packet. The start sign eld includes a starsign that indicates the star of the packet. The need acknowledge ag indicates that the sending device is requesting anacowledgement packet om the receiving device. If thesending device does not receive a packet including anacknowledgement of he packet within a specied timeperiod, the sending device resends the packet

The packet number eld indicates the packet number ofthecurrent packet e packet number may be syncronizedbetween all devices couicating using wireless cou

nication module 604 If a rst device sends a packet withpacket number 0, a second device answers with packet number . A third device tracks the communicaion between therst device and the second device and then ses packet number 2. Thus, sending and receiving increments the packet

For example a category identier may indicate the packetincludes a system coand an update command a sound

30control command, a real-time control command, a conguration cou111d, or a patch exchange cou11and. The systemconand, r example, may request a version number or

include a ping coand to deteine if the receiving device

35is active A system coand may include a con1and typeindicator and any data associated with the command Command type indicators may indicate an empty packet that

includes an acknowledgment of a previously received packet,a ping conand and a reply to a ping conand

40 The update coand may include a binary package to

update the receiving device . For example te biary packagemay be used to update signal processing application 516

executed at MCU 606 and/or DSP 602 of gitar 102a. Thereal-time control coand request may include setings r

45 real-time changes message displaying, and mode control ofthe receiving device. The coguration coand mayinclude conguration and setup nction requests to/om the

receiving deviceThe sound control command may include a command type50 indicator and any data associated with the coand type

Comand type indicators may indicate a request to changeone or more sound eects parameters in the receiving device,a request to read a value of one or more sound eects parameters at the receiving device and an answer including the

55 requested value of the one or more sound eects parametersat the receiving device. Thus, gitar102a and exteal device502 may exchange eects setings

A packet including a couand indicating a reqest ochange one or more sound eects parameters may include the

60 need acknowledge ag set to require an acknowledgementand any number of sd eects parameters Each soundeects parameter is indicated using a uique eects identier

key and a corresponding eects value r that eect. Theuique eects identier key is uniquely assigned to each

65 eects parmeter The value r each eect may be a predened number of bits so that if the unique eects identierkey is not recognized by the receiving device, the subsequent


24/26

US 9,3,01 B

25 26predened number of bits can be ignored The values addi- -continuedtionally may be represented with the same units r all

devices. Name Uniqu Ky Unit

A packet including a command indicating a request to read PEQ_MAG__FREQ Ox000031 Hza value of one or more sound eects parameters at the receiv-

PEQ_MAG_2_FREQ Ox000032 Hzing device may include one or more unique eects identier PEQ_MAG_3_FREQ Ox000033 Hz

keys associated with the eects parameters r wich a value PEQ_MAG_4_FREQ Ox000034 Hz

is requested A packet including a commad indicating anPEQ_MAG_5 _FREQ Ox000035 Hz

PEQ_PIEZ_BYPASS OxOOO OO ENUManswer to the request includes the contains acknowledge ag PEQ_PIEZ_O_GAIN OxOOOO dBset and the packet number of the packet reqesting the sound 10 PEQ_PIEZ__GAIN OxOOO dB

eects values The packet further include the number of PEQ_PIEZ_2_GAIN Ox000112 dB

sound eects parmeters identied in the reqest Ech soundOx000113 dBOx000114 dB

eects parameter is indicated using the unique eects iden- Ox000115 dBtier key and the corresponding eects vale r that eect PEQ PIEZ O.....Q Ox000120 Value

e sound control command rther may nclude a request 15 PEQ_PIEZ__Q Ox000121 Value

to upload/download all or some of the sounds efcts param-PEQ_PIEZ_2_Q Ox000122 ValuePEQ_PIEZ_3_Q Ox000123 Valu

eters associated with a sound patch without changing the PEQ_PIEZ_4_Q Ox000124 Valucurrent eects settings The sound control command may Ox000125 Valu

include a command type indicator, any dat associated with Ox000130 Hz

the command type, and a patch identier The patch idenier 20 PEQ_PIEZ__FREQ Ox000131 HzPEQ_PIEZ_2_FREQ Ox000132 Hzuniquely identies the patch. Command type indicators may PEQ_PIEZ_3_FREQ Ox000133 Hzindicate a request to change one or more sound eects param- PEQ_PIEZ_4_FREQ Ox000134 Hz

eters associated with identied sound patch, a request to read PEQ_PIEZ_5 _FREQ Ox000135 Hz

a value of one or more sound efcts paran1eters associatedPREFILTERBYPASS Ox000200 EUMPREFILTER_TYPE Ox000201 ENUM

with identied sound patch and n answer including the 25 PREFILTER_FREQ Ox000202 Hzrequested value of the one or more sound eects parameters NISEGATE_BYPASS OX000300 ENUM

associated with identied sound patch us guitar 102a and NISEGATE_THRESHLD Ox000300 dBNISEGATE_ATTACK Ox000301 ms

exteal device 502 may exchange/update patch denitions NISEGATE_HLD Ox000302 msIn an illustrative embodiment, a patch is stoed in computer- NISEGATE_REEASE Ox000303 mreadable medium 512 of guitar 102a in an extensible binary 30 CMPRESSBYPASS Ox000400 EM

data stctre. CMPRESSR TYPE Ox000401 EUM

A packet including a command indicatng a request toCMPRESSR_THRESHLD Ox000402 dBCMPRESSR_RESPNSE Ox000403 Valu

change one or more sound eects parameters in a patch may CMPRESSR_WETLEVEL Ox000404 Value

include the need acknowledge ag set to require an acknowl- DRIVE_BYPASS Ox000500 EUMedgement and any number of sound eects parameters. Each 35 DRIVE_TYPE Ox000501 ENM

sound eects parameter is indicated using a uique eectsDRIVE_AMNT Ox000502 Value

DRIVE_FREQUENCY Ox000503 Hzidentier key and a coesponding eects value r that eect DRIVE_BITE Ox000504 ValueA packet including a command indicaing a request to read a SUSTAINERBYPASS Ox000600 EUM

value of one or more sd eects parametes of a patch may SUSTAINER SUSTAIN Ox000601 Valu

include one or more unique eects identier keys associated 40SUSTAINERRELEASE Ox000602 ValuDISTRTIN_BYPASS Ox000603 ENM

with the eects parameters r which a value is requested A DISTRTIN_TYPE Ox000604 EUMpacket including a command indicating a answer to the DISTI_AMNT Ox000605 alu

request includes the contains acknowledge ag set and the DISTRTIN_GAIN Ox000606 dBDISTRTIN_WET_LEVEL Ox000607 V

u.s. patent 9,263,015, entitled "wireless electric guitar" to gibson, inc., dated -feb. 16, 2016

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