us??? how did we form? the earth…continent…us…ny…long island…atlantic ocean…long island...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Us???• How did WE form?
• The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound
![Page 2: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Formation of The Atlantic Coast of North America
• Break-up of Pangea (180 mya)• Formation of Atlantic Ocean• Erosion of Appalachian Mountains
![Page 3: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Fig. 1-18, G
![Page 4: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
PANGEA (the super continent)
Formation of The Atlantic Coast of North America
• 180 million yrs. ago – all continents were attached together and have slowly moved apart over time
• Discovered (S. F. Bacon, 1600’s) “Coasts of continents fit together like a puzzle.”• Lead to theory of continental drift and plate tectonics.
![Page 5: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
fnft
![Page 6: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Pangea (reptile fossils)
fnft
![Page 7: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Fig. 3-4, G
![Page 8: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Formation of Long Island
• River erosion carving out the coastal plain to form Long Island Sound Basin (<3 mya)
• Glaciers reshaped the area (beginning 3 mya)
• The last ice advance (Wisconsinan) ended about 21,000 years ago - deposited terminal moraine in middle of Long Island
• Recessional moraines (along North Shore) were left as glacier receded
![Page 9: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Formation of Long Island Sound
• Glacial Lake Connecticut, which drained (15,000 years ago)
• Sea-level rose and ocean entered Long Island Sound Basin
• Sea-level rise slowed and marshes began to develop along the margins of the estuary (5,000 - 3,000 years ago)– became what we know as the Long
Island Sound
![Page 10: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The Formation of Glacial-Marine Sediments
Fnft Ice Rafting
Glaciers form land and alter sedimentation
![Page 11: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
fnft
![Page 12: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Waterbodies of Long Island• East River, Atlantic Ocean• 3 South Shore “Bays:” Great South Bay, Moriches & Shinnecock• “Fork Bays:” The Peconics (& others)• Inputs from Rivers (Conn. + LI)• Long Island Sound
![Page 14: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
If time permits
• 2 “Waterbody” Case Studies• LIS• Shinnecock Bay
![Page 15: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Long Island Sound• Important economically and recreationally• 8 million people in watershed, 21 million w/i 50 mile radius “impact
area!”• Local residents are the main contributors to the Sound’s
degradation– runoff from lawn fertilizing leads to increased nutrients and
hypoxia– pathogens enter the food web of the Sound through poor
sewage treatment & pet wastes– improper garbage disposal leads to floatable debris
![Page 16: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Long Island Sound
• 110 miles long (from East River to the Race)
• 21 miles wide (Conn. River)• 60-300’ deep (thus SHALLOW - average
= 65’; Statue of Liberty is 151’!) • temp. 32-75 degrees F• 1300 square miles• Estuary with two openings to the ocean• 1200 invertebrate and 170 fish species
associated (w/ mammals/birds too!)
![Page 17: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Long Island Sound
• Estuary w/ “salt” water from Atlantic Ocean and 90% of “fresh” water from 3 rivers (Thames, Housatonic, Connecticut) w/ remaining 10% from LI Rivers and groundwater/other sources
• Semidiurnal tides influence salinity• Local major Carbon dioxide “sponge” on
North Shore• Local area of interest: Port Jefferson
Harbor
![Page 18: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Port Jefferson
![Page 19: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
2009
![Page 20: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Drowned Meadows 1800’s
![Page 21: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The Village of Port Jefferson 2009
![Page 22: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Montauk…the end? (What about the RACE?)
![Page 23: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The “Race”
• (Remember) LIS is 110 miles long (from East River to the Race)
• Narrowest, Eastern, water entry pt. from Ocean
• Current = 5 knots; thus if you go through at “Fair Tide” (when currents move to right) you can go 4 knots but if you try to head windward you go BACKWARDS 1 knot (that’s how powerful water moves through skinny area)
• 25 billion gallons/daily funnel through thus 350’ deep (deepest LIS pt.)
![Page 24: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Local Case Study
• Shinnecock Bay
![Page 25: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Where is Shinnecock Bay?• Shinnecock Bay is located on the South Shore of Long Island, NY (i.e. the “Hamptons” and
Quogue). • It is about 75 miles east of New York City
• Shinnecock Bay is about 9,000 acres including open water, salt marshes, intertidal flats, and barrier beaches.
• This boundary encloses a significant habitat for fish and shellfish, migrating and wintering waterfowl, colonial nesting water birds, beach-nesting birds, migratory shorebirds, raptors, and rare plants
![Page 26: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Where???
![Page 27: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
High Tide
![Page 28: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Low Tide
![Page 29: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Average depths/characteristics• The western portion of the bay are an average depth of about 2 meters (6 feet) or
less; the eastern portions of the bay are about 3 meters in depth.• The shallow waters are very highly productive; the most productive areas are the
mudflats, and the salt marshes.• The deeper water habitats are mainly composed of eel grass and sandy shoals; the
eel grass beds provide an excellent habitat for many species (offering cover and also a nursery for these organisms).
![Page 30: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
The organisms• There are many species in or around Shinnecock Bay that are federally listed as
threatened or endangered.• Some of which include:
![Page 31: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
The Piping Plover
![Page 32: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
The Least Tern
![Page 33: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The Common Tern
![Page 34: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Sea Beach Amaranth
![Page 35: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
More organisms• Some animals found around Shinnecock Bay which are not endangered or
threatened include:
![Page 36: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
The Horseshoe Crab
![Page 37: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Oyster Catchers
![Page 38: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Willets
![Page 39: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
The Semipalmated Plover
![Page 40: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Where does all the water come from?
• On the east of the Bay there is an inlet (an inlet can be defined as an indentation of a shoreline, usually long and narrow).
• This inlet is connected to the Atlantic Ocean.
![Page 41: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Where did the inlet come from?• In 1938 there was a large hurricane (Category 3) and the inlet was created by the
storm surge.• The storm surge carved out a large section of the barrier island separating
Shinnecock Bay from the Atlantic Ocean.
![Page 42: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
June 30th 1938 (before the hurricane), no inlet
![Page 43: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
September 24th 1938 (after the hurricane), large inlet
![Page 44: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Recent image of the inlet, visible jetties
![Page 45: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Ponquogue Bridge, Shinnecock Bay
• Since Shinnecock Bay is in the Northeast United States, it has semidiurnal tides (two high tides and two low tides each lunar day).
• The highest tide at this location is 2.8 feet
• The lowest tide is 0 feet
![Page 46: Us??? How did WE form? The earth…continent…US…NY…Long Island…Atlantic Ocean…Long Island Sound](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e4b5503460f94b3fd43/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
• The tide takes longer to get to the further parts of the bay. This is why there are different times of high and low tides for the different locations in the bay.