Not a political party (at first).

Coalitions of reformers—including politicians, workers, leftists, professionals—who acknowledged the need• for government regulation to address complex needs of a complex society• to deal with problems of urbanization• to deal with problems of industrialism • to forestall radical American politics

A political style as much as anything: • professionalism• scientific & rational inquiry of problems• strove to balance competing claims

1616thth Amendment Amendment

Income TaxIncome Tax

1717thth Amendment Amendment

Direct Election of SenatorsDirect Election of Senators

1818thth Amendment Amendment

ProhibitionProhibition

1919thth Amendment Amendment

Women’s SuffrageWomen’s Suffrage

1.1. DemocracyDemocracy

2.2. EfficiencyEfficiency

3.3. RegulationRegulation

4.4. Social JusticeSocial Justice

5.5. Social ControlSocial Control