US History, November 3 • Entry Task: Watch, “Animated Atlas” – The

Growth of a Nation (10 minutes). • Announcements: • Presentations updated on teacher page &

emailed out, FYI. Copies on table. • Today: Finish up War of 1812, Monroe

Presidency – Unit Two Test coming up – Probably next Thursday,

Nov 13

The War of 1812

In 1814, the British took the offensive in a

3-pronged attack British were turned back at Plattsburg on Lake Champlain & gave up their Canadian offensive

The British attacked the undefended Chesapeake & burned Washington, DC

& laid siege to Baltimore

The American army under Andrew Jackson defeated the British at New Orleans (after a peace treaty was drawn up ending the war)

Treaty of Ghent • Treaty was Negotiated in

Europe and was signed on Dec. 24, 1814 ending the war of 1812

• Basically restored pre-war conditions

• The War ended in a stalemate, where no party gained or lost any territory.

Official reports suggest British losses were 8,600 killed, wounded or missing, while the Americans suffered a total of about 11,300 casualties.

• Creates a hero in Andrew Jackson and the Western Frontiersmen

END of the Federalist Party

• New England opposes the war & trades with the enemy – “... Ever since the report of the Committee on

Foreign relations came into the House, we have heard but one word - like the whip-poor-will, but one monotonous tone - Canada! Canada! Canada!“

• Hartford Convention Dec.1814 – discussed secession

• Native Americans had backed the wrong side and therefore had the biggest overall loss

Native Americans take sides…

• UNITED STATES: Choctaw, Cherokee, Creek (allies)

• BRITISH EMPIRE: Canadian provinces, Shawnee, Creek Red Sticks, Ojihway, Chickamauga, Fox, Miami, Mingo, Ottawa, Kickapoo, Delaware, Mascouten, Potawatomi, Sauk, Wyandot

Can anyone claim victory?

•Canada!

• 10 American armies crossed into Canada and were all driven out.

Presidency of James Monroe 1817-1825

• “Era of Good Feelings” President

• Revolutionary War Vet • Helped to negotiate the

Louisiana Purchase, Served as Secretary of State for Madison

• Last of the “Virginian Dynasty”

• 1st Pres to visit all states

Congress’s attempt to unite the US •National transportation system of roads, canals, steamships and rivers.

Henry Clay’s American System

Provide economic growth •Americans buying American goods •American self-sufficiency.

Protective Tariff to promote infant industry •Tariff of 1816 – 20-25% tax on foreign goods

2nd BUS to promote a stronger economy •Rechartered in 1816

•Help unite the country as well as

improve the economy and the infant

industry…. •Because of the British blockade during the

War of 1812, it was essential

for internal transportation improvements

Nationalist Foreign Policy President Monroe & Sec of State JQ Adams developed a nationalist foreign policy agenda

Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817): to avoid conflicts along the Great Lakes, the U.S. agreed not to take Canada & Britain not to invade the U.S

The Convention of 1818 set the US/Canada border set at the 49º

Nationalist Foreign Policy

• Monroe & JQ Adams turned their attention to acquiring Florida: –Andrew Jackson took it upon himself to

end Indian attacks on Georgia from Spanish Florida

–Jackson’s military advances & U.S. success in the War of 1812 helped force the Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) that ceded Florida & Oregon to U.S.

Also, Spain assumed Florida would eventually be annexed

U.S. agreed to pay Spain $5 million & renounced claims to Texas

Presenter

Presentation Notes

Jackson therefore led 2,000 troops across the border into Florida, seizing the town of St. Marks. In short order, he captured both Arbuthnot and Ambrister, tried them, and sentenced them to death. Leaving two hundred troops behind to protect Fort Marks, Jackson left for Fort Gadsden. Along the way, he met little resistance from the Indians, who knew him by his vicious reputation and figured it wise not to fight him.

Jackson invaded Florida in 1818; he seized the Spanish capital and the governor of Florida, announcing himself the new leader of the area until "the transaction can be amicably adjusted by the two governments.” Monroe – has to clean up the mess American public – Supported Jackson’s actions, even though they were dictatorial

Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)

Western Hemisphere or the Americas.

•New Latin American

countries were formed from successful revolutions.

•US protector of new democracies

in the Western Hemisphere

US protector of new democracies in the Western Hemisphere No more European Colonization in the Americas

US will stay out of

European affairs

Monroe Doctrine

US recognized existing European

Colonies

• Referred to as America’s SELF DEFENSE DOCTRINE

• Continues GW’s neutrality & isolationist policies

• The Americas are OFF LIMITS to Europe & America will stay out of Europe

Three Main Concepts of the Monroe Doctrine

• Separate spheres of influence for the Americas and Europe (what does this mean?)

• Non-colonization (what does this mean?)

• Non-intervention (what does this mean?)

Settlement of the Trans-Mississippi

The end of the War of 1812 unleashed a

rush of pioneers into the western

territories

The 2nd BUS made credit available for farmers to

purchase land

Many settled in the West to escape

overpopulation, rising land prices, & worn-out

soil in the East

Settlement of the Trans-Mississippi

Congress quickly admitted 5 states to the Union:

Louisiana (1812)

Indiana (1816)

Mississippi (1817)

Illinois (1818) Alabama (1819)

By 1810, 1/7th of the U.S. population lived in the West; By 1840 over 1/3rd lived in the West

American Slave Population, 1790-1820

Missouri Compromise (1820)

• Missouri Compromise (1820): –Missouri became a slave state –Maine (which broke from Mass) was

admitted as free state –Slavery was banned elsewhere in the

Louisiana Purchase above the latitude of 36°30'

• The Missouri controversy exposed a deep rift between North & South

Missouri Compromise, 1820-1821

Economy

Leader __________

Role of Government

NORTHEAST •Business and Manufacturing Daniel Webster

__________

•Wanted Tariffs •Backed internal improvements •Wanted end to

cheap public land •Increasingly nationalistic

•Against Slavery and believed the U.S. Govt. must

abolish it.

Economy

Leader __________

Role of Government

SOUTH •Cotton growing •John C. Calhoun

_____________ •Opposed tariffs and government

spending on American System

•Increasingly supportive of states’ rights

•Pro-slavery and opposed any

steps of the U.S. Govt. to try and

abolish it.

WEST •Frontier

agriculture •Henry Clay

_____________

•Supported internal

improvements •Wanted cheap

land •Loyal to the U.S.

Govt. •Against slavery

but some supported letting

the people decide the

slavery issue

Economy

Leader __________

Role of Government