us history 1898 to 1945

Twentieth Century

A Time-Line: 1898-1945 Index: slide by slide presentation with American involvement or influence.

1. Spanish American War2. Panama Canal3. Boxer Rebellion4. Assassination of McKinley

5. Teddie Roosevelt.6. Conservative Movement7. William Howard Taft8. Wright Brothers

9. Henry Ford10. Woodrow Wilson11. Mexican Conflict

12. WW I13. Treaty of Versailles14. 19th Amendment-Women’s Vote15. Warren Harding

16. Eugene V Debs17. Economics of the 20’s18. Election of 1924-Calvin Coolidge19. The Great Depression

20. Stock Market Crash21. Herbert Hoover22. FDR23. New Deal…..Stalls24. Dealing with Japan25. Evil Expands in Pacific and Europe

Click on the square for the subject desired or start at slide 1. Slide

1

26. World Events and FDR27. World War II28. European Theatre

Battle of BritainD-Day

29. Pacific Theatre

The American battleship Maine was blown up in Havana harbor.

Who did it?

But first…….match the country with their flag.

Who did it?Originally it was believed to have been a mine set in place by the Spanish. Later studies concluded it was caused by internal gasses igniting the coal furnaces- an accident.

Cuban Freedom Fighters versus Spanish colonial masters

Cuban fight for independence from Spain

What was the position of the US government?a. Favor Cuban

rebelsb. Favor Spainc. Protect US

investment interests.

d. Stay out of it.

Why was the USS Maine sent to Havana?

a. Rescue Americans

b. Threaten Spainc. Threaten the

rebels.d. Provoke a war.

Why did US newspapers print such biased cartoons and articles?

a. They were promoting war with Spain.

b. They were trying to sell newspapers.

c. They were supporting the Cuban rebels.

d. They were incompetent.

Spain: minister to USADupuy De Lome

The USA and President McKinley were officially insulted by Spain.

Summary of justifications to go to war with Spain:

• US desire to get Spain out of North America.

• US wanted to encourage the Cuban rebels.

• The De Lorme letter helped destroy the Spain-USA relationship.

• Yellow Journalism turned the American citizenry against Spain and toward war.

• The sinking of the USS Maine.

While President McKinley waited for congress to make a Declaration of War against Spain,……………

Probably the most famous battle of the war.

Known as the “Buffalo Soldiers”

Havana Harbor

In ten weeks the Americans, Cubans, and Philippines’ have won all the battles on land.

Spain’s ships are nearly all destroyed. To save the rest of the fleet King Alphonso III returned them to Spain.

The previous slide made a point of Spain

declaring war on the US before the US declared

war on Spain.Similar situation in

American history-can you name it?

RESULTSSpanish empire practically

dissolved.Cuba freed.Puerto Rico and Guam ceded

to USAPhilippines to USA for $20m

Which country in 1901 owned the Panama Canal-to-be- area?a. Panamab. Colony of

Spainc. Columbiad. Colony of

France

America approved an agreement with Columbia for the lease of the

canal to be built, but Columbia voted “no.”

US would assist the Panama rebels fighting for their freedom from

Columbia.Panamanian rebels won and declared their independence.

Which president led the way in helping Panama gain independence from Columbia and rights to the canal?a. Teddie Rooseveltb. Herbert Hooverc. William McKinleyd. Calvin Coolidge

Militia United in Righteousness (Yihetuan), known in English as the "Boxers,

Location?a. Californiab. Panamac. Philippinesd. China

The Boxers opposed foreign imperialism and a certain group of people in China.Who were those people?a. Christian missionariesb. Drug dealersc. American touristsd. Japanese military

Name the four imperialist characters around the table with the Samurai.

Queen Victoria (Britain), Kaiser Wilhelm II (Germany), Tsar Nicholas II (Russia), Marianne (France) and a samurai

US, British and Japanese troops ended the rebellion.

The Boxer Rebellion

Following the American victory over Spain in The Philippines, Emilio Aguinaldo formed a guerilla army of 30,000 men to oust the Americans.

What gave USA the right to rule in The Philippines?a. Treaty of Parisb. Military mightc. Philippine acceptanced. Spain’s surrender

Aguinaldo's army surrendered in 1900. General “Black Jack” Pershing stabilized American control and cooperation with Philippine populace.

15,000 troops under General Elwell OtisIncreased by 20K within a year.

Dominican Republic European intervention Local rebellion

President Roosevelt sends troops to quell the rebels and keep the Europeans out.Venezuela European intervention

Debt collection

Debt collectionRoosevelt sent Admiral Dewey and the fleet to keep the Europeans out.What was the basis for American

intervention in these countries?a. Protect US investmentsb. Demonstration of international power

of USA.c. Invoking of Monroe Doctrine.d. The countries paid the US for use of

their military.

Major criticism of US actions:a. Might lead to war

with Europe.b. Greed for moneyc. Imperialismd. Might create rebel

factions heading for Mexico.

Where ? Why? Notes

VP Teddie Roosevelt becomes President of the United States

President Theodore Roosevelt

He favored:“rugged individualism”ReformActivismTax the wealthyHeavy Regulation of business Social DarwinismBig governmentProgressive Principles: businesses should be penalized for success beyond what is “reasonable.”

He had a lack of understanding of:CapitalismPrivate enterpriseIndustrial nature of

modern America

Criticism:

Northern Securities Suit of 1902Earlier the Supreme Court declared the state responsible for

regulation of manufacturing in that state.Roosevelt’s administration declared the Federal Government

had the right to regulate because of interstate railroad trade between states.

Northern Securities was a holding company for the Northern Pacific, Great Northern, and Chicago, Burlington, and Quincy railroads. They had been combined under Northern Securities by the work of J.P. Morgan, James J. Hill, E. H. Harriman, and reps of Standard Oil Company…….worth $400million (1902).

The government claimed that Northern Securities sought to create a monopoly and control prices.Fact: no higher rates had emerged, only the “threat” of “restraint of trade.”

25 times the Act was invoked by TR.

Analysis: right/wrong; true/false?a. The monopoly was illegal because they

controlled the prices.b. The Federal government acted against

commerce based on what potentially might happen.

c. Since Northern Securities represents the most wealthy in the USA, the Federal Government must regulate them.

d. The Federal Government treated the corporations as they would a regular citizen in court: “Innocent until proven guilty.”

This one is simply a lie!

The price was never

raised

Guilty until

proven innocent

Equality-of-outcome theory

Your opinion on the issues on this slide will place you on the political theory line-

Liberal…………………………………Conservative

Here are some cartoons expressing media views of the rich and famous corporate giants.

After dealing with the Pennsylvania coal miners strike, United Mine Workers, Roosevelt said,

“We don’t wish to destroy corporations, but we do wish to make them subserve the public good.”

Implied in Roosevelt’s comment was the astonishing view that corporations do not serve the public good on their own-that they must be made to-and that furnishing jobs, paying taxes, and creating new wealth did not constitute a sufficient public benefit.

Roosevelt despised what he called “the tyranny of mere wealth.”

Which of the following would be a description of the foreign policy of Theodore Roosevelt?a. “Speak softly and carry a big stick.”b. “Domestic policy can only defeat us, foreign policy can

kill us.”c. “No foreign policy - no matter how ingenious - has any

chance of success if it is born in the minds of a few and carried in the hearts of none.”

d. “My home policy: I wage war; my foreign policy: I wage war. All the time I wage war.”

T. Roosevelt

G. Clemenceau

JFK

H. Kissinger

“It is not the critic who counts; not the man who points out how the strong man stumbles or

where the doer of deeds could have done better. The credit belongs to the man who is actually in

the arena, whose face is marred by dust and sweat and blood, who strives valiantly, who errs and

comes up short again and again, because there is no effort without error or shortcoming, but who

knows the great enthusiasms, the great devotions, who spends himself for a worthy cause; who, at

the best , know, in the end, the triumph of high achievement, and who, at the worst, if he fails, at

least he fails while daring greatly, so that his place shall never be with those cold and timid souls

who knew neither victory nor defeat.”

Theodore Roosevelt

One of the great

speeches of all time

Public lands designated as

forest reserves: Presidents

Harrison and Cleveland.

Endangered

Species

considered

The “Act”swould be passed in the 1970s.

Water Conservation Movements: public lands for reclamation and dams.

National Reclamation Act 1902

Summarize from the last set of slides the three most important projects of President Theodore Roosevelt’s administration.

1. Water route to connect Pacific with the Atlantic Ocean- the Panama Canal.

2. Trust Busting- control the profits of the big corporations.3. Save the environment.

Who would be elected President in 1904?

a. Roosevelt would win reelection.

b. Herbert Hooverc. William Howard Taftd. Calvin Coolidge

William

Howard

Taft

The best media description of Taft:a. Sleepy giantb. Good-humored

giantc. Silent giantd. Rotund reformer.

Taft’s presidency was unremarkable and politically inept and led to whose semi-surprising run against him?

a. Woodrow Wilsonb. Theodore Rooseveltc. Calvin Coolidged. Herbert Hoover

Name the president who served two terms that were not successive?

a. Theodore Rooseveltb. Franklin Rooseveltc. Grover Clevelandd. Ronald Reagan1912…the closest three way race

for the presidency in history.

Taft23%Electoral vote

8

Roosevelt27%

Electoral vote

88

WoodrowWilson

42%Electoral

Vote435

Guess Who and What?

The Boeing 787 Dreamliner-A 112 years after Orville and Wilbur Wright flew over the beaches of coastal North Carolina.

Entrepreneurship

A Vision

What man in the early 20th

century ascribed to all

of these attributes?

Trivia

To skip the trivia click

Ford was formally educated.True or False ?

Ford recruited the most skilled workers.

True or False ?

How many of Ford’s attempts at an auto company failed?None One Two Five

His first auto was called the Model……..A B T F

For every cut of $1 in sale price he would sell another…100 200 500 1000

cars.

HenryFord

Entrepreneurship

A Vision

An active government alleviating social ills.

An entrepreneur government investing public funds to increase employment.

A government transferring its power to the states.

An imperialist government seeking Colonies in Africa and Asia.

Pick

One of

These

four

1900-Mexico in constant chaos

Porfirio DiazMexican dictator of 33

years

General

Opposition to Huerta

For the short version click

For more in-depth study

Huertapromised to

favor US businesses in Mexico.

What interest did the US have in the internal affairs of Mexico?a. None b. None c. None d. None

What was the US interest in Mexico?a. Trade and moneyb. Trade and moneyc. Trade and moneyd. Trade and money

In the internal conflict, Huerta versus Carranza and Villa, who did President Wilson support?a. All of themb. None of themc. Huertad. Carranza and Villa

Why did President Wilson support the rebel faction against Huerta, the president of Mexico?a. He was confident the rebels

would win.b. Huerta had gained power by

assassination, not by a vote.c. Huerta promised Wilson the

Texas territory for his support.d. Pancho Villa was holding fifty

American business men hostage.

Wilson called the Huerta government,“ a government of butchers.”

Confusion

Two incidents involving US Navy personnel and Naval ships led to the shelling by US ships of the Mexican city of Vera Cruz.Further events led to Carranza’s overthrow of the Huerta government.

What were President Wilson’s aims through all the confusion?

a. Support Carranza with weapons b. Sent US troops into Mexico to guarantee Carranza’s overthrow of Huerta.

c. Support the ruling government in Mexico, whomever it might be.

d. Keep the US out of the conflict and confusion.

Carranza would continue to accept US arms but otherwise avoided diplomacy with Wilson.

Carranza split with Villa who now controlled northern Mexico.

An angry Villa began a terrorist campaign in northern Mexico and the Texas territory.

What next?

Carranza is in power in Mexico.Pancho Villa is terrorizing in northern Mexico and Texas.Carranza has not the military forces to stop Villa.

a. Carranza sends what forces he has against Villa.b. Wilson sends US troops against Villa.c. Wilson sends troops against Villa, and US Navy ships

against Carranza.d. Wilson keeps the US out of the conflict.

Huerta, Carranza, and Villa fought for power in Mexico and when Poncho Villa began terrorizing northern Mexico and Texas, President Wilson sent a punitive mission of 15,000 men into Mexico under the command of General John “Black Jack” Pershing to capture Villa- 1916.

Carranza sent troops against Pershing. There were battles.What was the conclusion?a. Pershing withdrew.b. Villa withdrew.c. Carranza withdrew.d. All of the above.

Click rectangle for “Lecture/Discussion Questions” and comments

Skip to Treaty of Versailles

To continue

The United States was determined to remain neutral in European affairs. However, Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare soon changed America’s opinion.

The United States enters World War I

Quotes of President Wilson (paraphrase):We must remain neutral without taking sides.“Be neutral in fact as well as name.”I volunteer to mediate a truce.

The Lusitania

belonged to what

country?a. USAb. Great

Britainc. Greeced.France

The sinking of the Cunard ocean liner RMS Lusitania occurred on 7 May 1915 as Germany waged submarine warfare against Great Britain. The ship sank in 18 minutes, killing 1,198 and leaving 761 survivors.

Of the 139 US citizens aboard Lusitania, 128 lost their lives, and

there was massive outrage in Britain and America,

Furthermore, the Zimmermann Telegram was intercepted by the United States.

This telegram, sent by Arthur Zimmermann, revealed Germany’s proposal of an alliance with Mexico

against the United States, and "an understanding on our [the German's] part that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.”

The Americans rubbed their eyes twice,

read the telegram again, and on April 6, 1917,

the United States entered World War 1.

“All y’got to do is beat the stuffin’ out of that old guy there an’ this pie is yours”

Zimmermann was a citizen of what country?a.Germanyb.Mexicoc. United

Statesd.Great Britain

Germany

President Wilson addresses Congress. USA’s entrance into WW I.

Lecture/Discussion:

• Wilson was justified in entering the war.

• Wilson should have entered the war two

years earlier.

• Wilson continued to issue strong protests

to which the Germans responded

by promising to behave.

The Yanks

were

successful

in driving

the

Germans

back

St Mihiel

Belleau Wood

Chateau Thierry

11th hour

11th day

11th month

1918

Armistice!

The representative from Great

Britain:

a. Winston Churchill

b. David Lloyd George

c. King George V

d. Herbert Asquith

The representative from

France:

a. Charles DeGaulle

b. Georges Clemenceau

c. Ferdinand Foch

d. Raymond Poincare’

The Big Four: Wilson, Lloyd

George, Clemenceau, and

the fourth man represented:

a. Italy b. Russiac. Austro-Hungarian Empired. Belgium

Which country was not represented at the conference at Versailles?a. Japanb. Germanyc. Russiad. Italy

How many “points” were there in Wilson’s “14 Points”?a. 1 b. 10 c. 14 d. 20

The final draft was not close to Wilson’s “14 points.”

The Allies got everything and the Central Powers virtually nothing.

It created a “Polish Corridor” that divided Prussia; it broke up the Austro-Hungarian Empire and stripped Germany of overseas colonies; it changed Wilson’s word “compensation” to a more harsh-sounding “reparations,” opening the door for the hated war-guilt clause.

Arguably the most serious result of the Treaty of Versailles:

a. Germany and Great Britain/France will be enemies because of it.

b. Germany will feel claustrophobic for a decade.

c. The Nazi Party will be born because of the Treaty.

d. Hitler’s experience in WW I will trouble him forever.

Summarize the points being made in the cartoons.

Lecture/Discussion based upon the cartoons.

To skip the cartoonsclick the rectangle

To discuss each of the previous cartoons click the rectangle.

Women’s Suffrage

The 1920 election became the first United States presidential election in which women were permitted to vote in every state.

August 18, 1920

Which amendment gave women the right to vote?

a. 19th b. 20th c. 21st d. 22nd

For moreinformation

To move on

The results of World War I on the United States homeland:

Size of US Government:a. Increased dramaticallyb. Increased somec. No changed. Decreased.

Job Market

a. Everyone will have a

job waiting.

b. Same opportunities as

before the Great War.

c. No jobs available.

d. (not a choice)

Farm prices:

a. Increased

dramatically

b. Increased some

c. No change

d. Dropped.

1920 Name the President elect.a. Warren Hardingb. Calvin Coolidgec. Woodrow Wilsond. Franklin Roosevelt

Warren G.Harding

What was the number one problem for President Harding?

a. Jobs for the returning soldiers.

b. Enforcing the Treaty of Versailles.

c. Pay off the war debt.d. Regulate Wall Street.

Click for Curiosities: Eugene V Debs To skip Debs

click

The Curiosity of Eugene V

Debs.

Debs was the leading socialist in Americaand a member of the Socialist Party.

He had received 1 million votes in 1912He had received 1 million votes in 1916He had received 1 million votes in 1920!

In the 1920 election Debs was in jail!

Lecture/Discussion:What

does itmean?

President Harding’s MVP appointment: Andrew Mellon-Secretary of the Treasury.

National debt as a percentage of the GDP

Mellon did this!

A closer economic look at how Mellon did it-click here

To skip ahead-click

The Statistics:

Top Income Earners:

73% income tax rate

Lowest Income Earners:

4% income tax rate

1921

1926Top Income Earners:

25% income tax rate

Lowest Income Earners:

1 ½ % income tax rate

How did he do it?

a. Increase the tax rate on the rich, decrease the tax on the poor.

b.Increase the tax rate on the rich by a factor of five, with a cut in the tax rate on the middle class and poor.

c. Increase the tax rate on the rich, the middle class, and the poor.

d.Lower the tax rate on everyone.Lecture/Discussion Topic

Following Warren Harding as President of the United States:a. Franklin D. Rooseveltb. Herbert Hooverc. Calvin Coolidged. William Howard Taft

The well-known nickname for Coolidge:a. Big Calb. Fat Calc. Silent Cald. Cool Cal

Farming/Agriculture slow-down

Manufacturingslowdown

Natural slow-down’post ww1

The Feds and money supply

Smoot-Hawley Tariff

Timing/Fear/ Expectations

Stock-MarketCrash

HerbertHoover

The FACTORSUse the remote and click the appropriate rectangle for further information and photos on each of the FACTORS listed. At any time click the “return” rectangle to be redirected to this slide.

For a two slide summary of the depression click the rectangle

How did the end of WW 1 affect agriculture in America?

b. Production stayed high, and demand in Europe stayed high.

c. Production lowered and prices stabilized.

a. Production stayed high, but demand and prices dropped.

d. Production stayed high, and demand in America also stayed high.

Return toindex of“The Depression.”

Next slide

According to John Maynard Keynes and John Kenneth Galbraith, both “demand” economists, the depression was due to lack of demand.

What was the argument against “demand-side” economics and the lack of demand?

a. No argument, near a consensus favored their reasoning.

b. Demand was there; wages remained high., and yet few were purchasing goods.

c. Fear and expectations of a recession lowered demand.

d. The Federal Bank withheld loans to state and local banks which tightened money and slowed buying.

AllThree..True

To simplify the causes of the depression is not good history but………

Why did the corporations, their factories, cut back in production despite the existence of demand?a. They sensed the tightening of money and cut back.b. They believed Keynes-there was a lack of demand

so they cut back.c. The bank’s cutting back on loans led to no new

production as well as cut backs.d. They had expected the Stock Market to crash and

horded their money and cut production.

Manufacturing Slowdown

Return toIndex of“The Depression.”

Next slide

State banks were failing, not the Federal Bank.

The Feds did what to help the state banks?a. Nothing b. Nothing c. Nothing d. Nothing

Members withdrew their savings.State banks didn’t have the funds to loan possible investors.The state banks failed.

Next

slide

Return to index

Lecture/Discussion: explain the point of the animation.

Return to index of “The Depression.”

NextSlide

Natural slow-down post WW 1

Factories and farms no longer had the demand after the war ended.

Return toIndex of“The Depression.”

Next slide

1930 Smoot-Hawley Tariff 1930

Smoot-HawleyTariff

The charts and graphs

and

Cartoons

Is the message clear?

Return to index

Next slide

Timing-Expectations-Fear

Before the CRASH (October 29, 1929) what were the thoughts of investors?a. Fear of a crash,

they began to sell.b. Fear of the results

if the Smoot-Hawley Tariff passed; they began to sell.

c. Time to make a profit……buy now.

d. No suspicions, everything seems normal.

How did Europe respond to the tariff on their exports to America?

a. Threatened war.b. Do nothingc. Lowered the price

of their exports to America.

d. Instituted their own tariff on US exports.

Explain the cartoon,Hint: note answer “d” to the right.

Return to index

Next slide

Panic selling-few buyers.

Runs on the banks.

An unstoppable

slide.

Return to index

Next slide

The problems with farm surplus and low prices, lack of production and demand and bank foreclosures, citizens lost faith in financial institutions and feared the future…………………………………then…………..

Everyone wanted to sell and the value of stocks plummeted.

Return to index

Next slide

The Feds did not stop the runs on the

banks.

Hoover cut taxes on the middle class and

the poor.

The effect?a. Some success as spending

by the middle class increased.

b. No effect, nothing changed.

c. A disaster. There was no incentive for the wealthy to invest or expand.

d. The democrats voted to remove the cut.

Return to index

Nextslide

With the end of WW I, Europe no longer needed US farm goods-demand plummeted

but production remained high.Prices plummeted.

Factories during the Roaring Twenties over produced and demand fell. Unemployment grew. Purchasing fell. Prices fell.Money stopped circulating, loans were recalled, banks were in trouble.

What did the Hoover administration do about it?

a. nothing b. Loaned the banks money.

c. Sent in thenational guard

d. Regulated all wages and prices.

Return to index

Next slide

• Investors lost their entire fortunes in the stock market crash.

• The wealthy would not invest nor expand their

productions.• Farm production plummeted as did the prices for their crops.

• The Smoot-Hawley Tariff had destroyed international trade.

• Without foreign trade US businesses went

bankrupt.• With the shortage of

money the state banks went bankrupt.

• Unemployment skyrocketed.

• There was no money being earned, or

invested, or saved.• Money had

disappeared.

Return to index of “The Depression.”

Move on

In evaluating President Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s three plus terms in the White House which of the following was the most controversial?

Not which ones were successes or failures………….just which one was the most controversial.

a. His leadership during World War II.

b. His efforts to end the Depression.

c. His expansion of government programs.

d. His control of the House and Senate.

The New Deal Programs

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCP)Agricultural adjustment Act (AAA)Glass-Steagell Act Tennessee Valley Authority Act (TVA)Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)Revenue Act of 1935Works Progress Administration (WPA)Social Security Act (SSA)Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)

To see an analysis of each of the New Deal Programs and their long term effect after 50 years click the rectangle

Next slide

The banking system had been saved.

The New Deal after four years had shown positive short-term results. Unemployment had dropped by 1/3rd

The long term dangers and structural damage done by New Deal programs ……………….

remained hidden

Supreme Court puts down a number of FDR’s programs.

FDR increases the number of Supreme Court Justices by five-all with progressive/Democrat Party supporters.

1937, after seven years of stagnation, the business index plummeted, steel production dropped, government deficits shot up.

Despite all-time high levels of taxation.

Business had been terrorized.

Industry was frightened.

Increased minimum wage.Wagner Act(pro-union ).High taxation.Keynesian inflationist policies.Unchecked power of FDR and the

Democrats.

WHY?

TheCumulative

effect of…….

Reaction to Roosevelt's power grab revealed how deeply entrenched values regarding private property, opportunity, and upward mobility still were.

Despite six years of controlling the American economy, of dominating the political appointment process of rigging the system with government bribes to special interest groups, and of generally favorable press,

the public still resisted attempts to socialize the industrial system or to hand the president more power.

It was a healthy sign-one not seen across the oceans, where dark forces snuffed out the light of freedom.

1915 Japan publishes “21 demands” to the world including their “right” to a special position in China.

What US policy would be affected by accepting Japan’s “right” to a special position in China

a. WNC Washington Naval Congressb. Open Door Policyc. League of Nationsd. Southeast Asia Treaty Organization

What was the “Open Door Policy?”a. All nations of the world would be able to trade with China and no

one country could take over control of China.b. US and China agreed to trade freely without any restrictions.c. China agreed to allow the USA to trade with them, while restricting

their trade with other nations.d. China agreed to allow all nations to trade with them.

How did the Lansing-Ishii agreement destroy the Open Door Policy?a. China had now lost any ability to protect their

borders.b. With a threat by Japan to invade China, other

nations would withhold trade with China.c. The US was essentially admitting that Japan had

a special right to China.d. The USA would no longer protect China from

foreign intervention.America (FDR and Congress) recognize Japan’s

influence in China.

ASIA EUROPE

ASIA EUROPE

1

2

3

4

1.2.3.4.

Identify the location:

Identify the location:

1.2.3.4.

12

3 4

KoreaManchuriaPekingNanking

Ruhr Valley/Alsace LorraineAustriaSudetenlandCzechoslovakia

Japan planned to build the Southeast Asia Co-prosperity Sphere of influence.

They would plan to attack the American Pacific Fleet.

Examining the reaction to various world events prior to World War II by President Roosevelt and the US government

EVENT:

The Japanese sink three American oil ships and the gunship USS Panay while they were anchored in China’s Yangtze River (December/1937).

Reaction of FDR, Congress, the American people

a. We don’t want to make this event lead us to war, so we will only send a note requesting an explanation.

b. This is the act that Japan hopes will draw us into war; or, to make us withdraw from China.

d. Unacceptable-we will seek revenge, one way or another.

c. Ask Japan to pay for the damage to the four ships.


EVENT:


China’s Civil War:Chiang Kai Shek and his pro-western nationalists versus Mao Tse Tung and his communists.

a. Support Chiang with funds.

b. Support Mao in order to keep the Russians happy.

c. We must stop Japan’s aggression in China so we will negotiate a peace with the two warring factions in the civil war.

d. Although America was pro-Chiang they refused to help them.

Ruins of Guernica


EVENT: 1936-39Spanish Civil War-Francisco Franco leading a Fascist rebellion against the democratic Republican of Spain.

The Nationalist forces received munitions and soldiers from Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.


a. Send a warning to Franco and to Germany who was helping the rebels.

b. Send support to Franco because the current Spanish government was so corrupt.

c. Send support, equipment and troops to help the Spanish government against fascism and Hitler.

d. It was unclear who should be supported by America, therefore nothing was done.


EVENT:

Hitler‘s invasion of Austria and Czechoslovakia.


a. If Hitler invades another sovereign nation, we will declare war on Germany.

c. We stayed isolated, doing nothing.

d. FDR declared war on Germany.

b. A letter was sent to Hitler asking that he promise not to invade any more countries.


EVENT:Great Britain, at war with Germany, is alone and in danger of invasion. Churchill begged FDR for help, for supplies.


b. FDR agreed immediately to help.

d. Congress refused to act in a manner that might get us into war.

c. Congress refused to pay for the supplying of Great Britain.

a. British agents in USA were needed to turn public opinion to help Great Britain.


Japanese attack the US Fleet at Pearl Harbor

EVENT:

a. Churchill is celebrating the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.

b. FDR needed this event in order to go to war with Japan.

c. Hitler declared war on America.

d. Without the destruction of the US Pacific Fleet, Japan would not be able to expand

The reactions of Churchill, FDR, Hitler, and Japan, to the

attack on Pearl Harbor. Churchill, FDR, Hitler, and Japan.

The actual fighting began with Germany’s invasion of,

a. Polandb. Czechoslovakiac. Austriad. Sudetenland of

Czechoslovakia.

The START

European Theatreversus

Hitler’s Germany

Only a summary.Events Chronologically

Battleof

BritainHitler’s aim to destroy England failed.Reason?a. Goering was

incompetent.b. British planes

out fought the German bombers.

c. Brits had radar.d. Churchill

refused to surrender.

Night Day

Questions Skip Qs

Question # 1:

Name the most famous of the British bombers of WW 2.a. Blenheimb. Lancasterc. Halifaxd. Spitfire

Question # 2:

Name the most famous American bomber of WW 2.a. B-17b. B-24c. B-25d. P-38

LancasterB-17

Hitler surprises the world by invading Russia.

Questions Skip Qs

Name the commander of Russian forces that drove the Germans back.

a. Zhukovb. Khrushchevc. Gagarind. Stalin

Question # 1: Question # 2:

Of all the ground weapons of WW 2,the Russians owned the best.

What was it?

a. Machine gun.b. Rifle.c. Artillery cannon.d. Tank.

T-34Question # 3:

What was Hitler’s strategic error in invading Russia?

a. He had taken too many troops away from the Western Front.

b. He would be facing an overwhelming force.

c. He would now be fighting a two-front war.

d. Russia had nothing that Germany needed.

Germany’s advance into Russia was stopped at Stalingrad.Meanwhile the British stationed in Egypt, and the Americans advancing east from their landings in North Africa, pushed Germany out of Africa into Italy.

Americans

British

The turning point of the war in the European Theatre

Pas d Calais

Normandy

Cherbourg

Avranches

Somme estuary

German defensesArtillery/Infantry

Questions Skip Qs

Pas d Calais

Cherbourg

Avranches

Somme estuary


Question # 1:Of the thousands of factors to consider, which one was the most important?a. Location of the invasion.b. Calendar date of the invasion.c. Best use of paratroop

divisions.d. Secrecy.

Question # 2:Choose the location:One of seven choices.a. Pas de Calaisb. Somme estuaryc. Diepped. Le Havree. Normandyf. Cherbourgg. Avranches

Normandy

Pas d Calais

Normandy

Cherbourg

Avranches

Somme estuary


Paratroopers

Bombers6 am

The Landings

One click only, then wait.

Following the successful landings at Normandy- June 6th, 1944,the Allies worked their way against stiff German opposition closer and closer to Berlin .

On the Russian front, the Germans were turned back and the Russians worked their way against stiff German opposition closer and closer to Berlin.

The actual fighting began with Japan’s attack at,

a. The Battle of Midwayb. Iwo Jimac. Pearl Harbord. Battle of Coral Sea

The START

Pacific Theatreversus Japanese

Empire

Pearl Harbor

Japan’s expansion-“Southeast Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere.

Japan

Manchuria

Korea

Nanking

Singapore Philippines

Guadalcanal

Wake Island

Solomon Islands

Marshall Islands

Mariana Islands

Order of operations by United States forces against Japan after Pearl Harbor:

1. Doolittle raid on Tokyo.

2. Battle of Coral Sea.3. Battle of Midway.4. Guadalcanal

Island Hopping Strategyto

14. Marianas’ “turkey shoot”

15. Iwo Jima16. Okinawa

The war ended with the atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

The End Click to return to Index

Click to return to slide one.

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCP)Agricultural adjustment Act (AAA)Glass-Steagell Act Tennessee Valley Authority Act (TVA)Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)Revenue Act of 1935Works Progress Administration (WPA)Social Security Act (SSA)Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)

2 ½ million jobs

Ended in 1942

Farm subsidies

Raised Consumer prices.Encouraged

overproduction.

Allowed competition in financial institutions

Limited US banks ability to compete in world

markets.

Gov’t subsidized electric power.

Increased gov’t intrusion into private sector utility

ops. Increased monopolies.

Brought stability to banking system.

Encouraged risky investments. Contributed

to S&L collapse.

The New Deal Programs

Huge tax hikes

and estate taxes.A long range disaster. By

tax hikes on the rich,

revenue dropped.

9 million construction jobs.

Ended in 1943; paid for by deficit spending.

Old age pension and aid to single mothers (AFDC)

Headed to a severe deficit, AFDC led to the

“illegitimacy explosion.”

Set min. wage and max. hours

Arguably prolonged the

depression.

Each item would make an interesting study on its own.

Not a good Q & A slide.

FDR’s programs provided a temporary relief during the depression.

Building on the huge congressional majorities and his reelection landslide the president proposed a new set of radical taxes and redistributionist measures aimed at penalizing wealthy and successful corporations.

Virtually every one of the New Deal programs in some way made people more dependent on government-not more independent, or self-sufficient

Return to presentation.

Women’s Suffrage

Margaret Sanger led an enthusiastic movement for women’s suffrage. Her other beliefs were unacceptable to the majority of

Americans and delayed women’s suffrage for years.. Those unacceptable beliefs were:

a. She was a Racistb. She was Anti-immigration

c. She was Pro-abortiond. She was Pro-communist

Around 1912 the feminist movement, which had grown sluggish, began to reawaken, putting an emphasis on its demands for equality.

Alice Paul established a popular magazine that helped the movement.

The 1920 election became the first United States presidential election in which women were permitted to vote in every state.

August 18, 1920

To return to

presentation

Lecture/Discussion notes:Pershing’s invasion of Mexico was not needed to stop Villa.

Wilson did not exhaust all negotiating possibilities before sending Pershing on the punitive mission.

The actions are those of an imperialist nation.

With the conflict in Europe it was not the time to be involved in Mexico.

Pancho Villa did not represent the Mexican government so why send in a federal army?

American troops had been committed with no reasonable assurance of achieving their mission.

Wilson had allowed their near neighbor to a wary neighbor.

Wilson was forcing American style democracy on a primitive republic.

Compare to Vietnam!

Compare to Allied occupation of Japan and Germany following WW IIClick to return

The Democrat Party had control of the House and

Senate, and, for the next 40 years.

The party had risen to the top after being powerless since

what time period ……..?

a. 1918 after WW I

b. Reconstruction

c. Civil War

d. War of 1812

The Democrats had control of two branches of government:The Executive and the Congress.

What about the Judiciary?a. FDR appointed five Democrats to the

Supreme Court, thus gaining a majority.b. FDR appointed two Democrats to the

Supreme Court but there was still a conservative majority.

c. He was unable to effect the balance of the Supreme Court.

d. The Supreme Court remained decidedly against FDR and his legislation.

us history 1898 to 1945

Education