What Actions, Carrots and Sticks does the U.S. use to achieve its foreign policy goals?

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Who Makes U.S. Foreign Policy?

Foreign Policy > Who Makes U.S. Foreign Policy?

1. Map indicating states and territories and their diplomatic relations with the U.S.* Blue represents the United States.

* Green represents nations with which the US has diplomatic relations. * Red represents nations with which the US does not have diplomatic relations.

* Yellow represents nations that are disputed areas.

8. US FOREIGN POLICY GOALS CAN BE PLACED IN THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES

National SecurityEconomic

Ideological Humanitarian

9. Political Actions Used to Meet US National Security Goals

Political Actions taken to meet national Security Goals:

Created the Department of Homeland Defense. Train military to combat terrorism.

Warn foreign nations who harbor terrorists that they risk invasion unless they stop supporting terrorism.

Call for negotiations between two warring countries that risk destabilizing an entire region like the Middle East

9. Economic Actions taken to meet National Security Goals:

Freeze the bank accounts of terrorist organizations and the those organizations that help fund terrorism.

Mount an embargo or trade sanctions/barriers on a country labeled terrorist friendly. EX. Iran, North Korea, Iraq

Place nations on Most Favored Nation status in order to better trade relations with countries that share U.S. values or might one day i.e. China

9. Ideological ways to meet US national security goals: Support those groups or nations with similar

values willing to combat the nations labeledterrorist or enemy by declaring that they arefriendly nations and/ or providing economicsupport.

Recognize and support organizations thatsupport democracy in foreign nations.

Declare the legitimacy or illegitimacy of aforeign countrys democracy.

9. Military Actions Taken to meet the US National Security Goals

The US builds military bases to protectfriendly nations near enemy nations

The US blockades the ships of an enemynation

The US enforces a no-fly zone denying theability for another country to launch aircrafts.

The US overthrows the government of ahostile nation.

9. Diplomatic Ways the US Meets its National Security Goals

Treaties signed to reduce weapons of mass destruction orchemical weapons such as the START (Strategic ArmsReduction Treaty) signed between Russia and the U.S.

License/forbid the selling or possession of arms to specificcountries. For example, the US and UN placed sanctions onIraq between 1992 and 2002.

U.S. and United Nations call upon International AtomicEnergy Agency of the UN to inspect countries unwilling tofollow previously signed treaties.

THE US participates in NATO (North Atlantic TreatyOrganization) to meet its and its allies national security goals.

Start Treaty (A treaty to end nuclear proliferation between the USSR and the US)- How does this benefit

the common good?

10. Member Nations of NATO

11. Ways the US Meets its Economic Foreign Policy Goals

Diplomatic Actions THE US participates in the World Trade

Organizations and use to participate GATT(General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) inorder to promote free trade between nations byreducing tariffs and taxes on imported goods.

The US supports developing nations throughmembership and support of organizations likethe International Monetary Fund, the WorldBank, the International Red Cross through theUS Agency for International Development.

Ways the US Meets its Economic Foreign Policy Goals

12. Ways the US Meets its Ideological Foreign Policy Goals

Political Actions:The US can recognize the sovereignty (independence) of

a new nation.The US call foreign nations undemocratic or labels

nations as being part of anAxis of Evil

Ways the US Meets its Ideological Foreign Policy Goals

12. Ways the US Meets its Ideological Foreign Policy Goals

Diplomatic Actions: Use of Peace Corps or foreign aid (US AID) to prove

Americans are nice and make it clear to nation that it will lose aid if it does not abide.

Break diplomatic ties by closing an embassy in a nation that no longer supports democracy and free trade such as Iran.

Warn US citizens not to visit a nation that does not support human rights laws.

Promotes fair elections. Embarrass nation by publicly scolding their actions or

using media to broadcast directly to the countrys people about what is taking place.

Ways the US Meets its Ideological Foreign Policy Goals

12. Ways the US Meets its Ideological Foreign Policy Goals

Military Actions: Use force to change regimes or support opposition leaders to use force

Economic Actions:Trade Barriers or embargos towards country who

dont ensure Human Rights. EX. Cuba, LibyaCultural Actions: Begin a student exchange

program with students in a friendly country or boycott the Olympics in protest of human rights abuses

13. Ways the US Meets its Humanitarian Goals

Political Actions: Support developing nations with organizations such as the Peace Corps

and US AID Agency for International Development, World Bank and IMF

Provide professional and military training Sign on to international treaties such as the Kyoto Protocol Publicly scold a country for not doing more to prevent pollution.

Economic Actions: Support by providing access to American markets Providing financial support through loans and grants. Place trade barriers on products produced in nations with bad

environmental track records.

13. Ways the US Meets its Humanitarian GoalsDiplomatic Actions: Sign on to international treaties such as the Kyoto

Protocol to reduce global warming.\ Work with the United Nations UNICEF to aid refugees

and the poor. Allow political refugees to immigrate to the US

Military Actions: Overthrow a government that abuses human rights

using military force.

15. Foreign Policy Schools of Thought- Isolationists The term isolationist is most often used negatively; few people who share its

beliefs use it to describe their own foreign policy perspective. They believe in "America first." For them, national sovereignty trumps international relations. Many unions, libertarians, and anti-globalization protesters share isolationist tenets.

Isolationists Are wary of US involvement in the United Nations Oppose international law, alliances, and agreements Believe the US should not act as a global cop Support trade practices that protect American workers Oppose liberal immigration Oppose American imperialism Desire to preserve what they see as America's national identity and character Historical isolationist: President Calvin Coolidge Modern isolationist: Author/Commentator Pat Buchanan

15. Foreign Policy Schools of Thought- Liberal Are wary of American arrogance and hypocrisy Trace much of today's anti-American hatred to previous US

foreign policies. Believe political solutions are inherently superior to military

solutions Believe the US is morally bound to intervene in humanitarian

crises Oppose American imperialism Support international law, alliances, and agreements Encourage US participation in the UN Believe US economic policies must help lift up the world's poor Historical liberal: President Woodrow Wilson Modern liberal: President Jimmy Carter

15. Foreign Policy Schools of Thought- Neo-Conservative

Want the US to be the world's unchallenged superpower Share unwavering support for Israel Support American unilateral action Support preemptive strikes to remove perceived threats to

US security Promote the development of an American empire Equate American power with the potential for world peace Seek to democratize the Arab world Push regime change in states deemed threats to the US or

its allies Historical neoconservative: President Teddy Roosevelt Modern neoconservative: President Ronald Reagan

15. Foreign Policy Schools of Thought- Realist

Are guided more by practical considerations than ideological vision

Believe US power is crucial to successful diplomacy - and vice versa

Don't want US policy options unduly limited by world opinion or ethical considerations

Believe strong alliances are important to US interests Weigh the political costs of foreign action Believe foreign intervention must be dictated by

compelling national interest Historical realist: President Dwight D. Eisenhower Modern realist: Secretary of State Colin Powell

Analyze the following cartoons:

Thank you for Attention

U.S. Foreign Policy Goals and the Actions Taken to Meet ThemThe U.S. Political SystemWho Makes U.S. Foreign Policy?1. Map indicating states and territories and their diplomatic relations with the U.S.* Blue representsthe United States. * Green represents nations with which the US has diplomatic relations. * Red represents nations with which the US does not have diplomatic relations. * Yellow represents nations that are disputed areas.8. US FOREIGN POLICY GOALS CAN BE PLACED IN THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES 9. Political Actions Used to Meet US National Security Goals9. Economic Actions taken to meet National Security Goals:9. Ideological ways to meet US national security goals:9. Military Actions Taken to meet the US National Security Goals9. Diplomatic Ways the US Meets its National Security GoalsStart Treaty (A treaty to end nuclear proliferation between the USSR and the US)- How does this benefit the common good?10. Member Nations of NATO11. Ways the US Meets its Economic Foreign Policy GoalsWays the US Meets its Economic Foreign Policy Goals12. Ways the US Meets its Ideological Foreign Policy GoalsWays the US Meets its Ideological Foreign Policy Goals12. Ways the US Meets its Ideological Foreign Policy GoalsWays the US Meets its Ideological Foreign Policy Goals12. Ways the US Meets its Ideological Foreign Policy Goals13. Ways the US Meets its Humanitarian Goals13. Ways the US Meets its Humanitarian Goals15. Foreign Policy Schools of Thought- Isolationists15. Foreign Policy Schools of Thought- Liberal 15. Foreign Policy Schools of Thought- Neo-Conservative15. Foreign Policy Schools of Thought- RealistAnalyze the following cartoons:Slide Number 27Slide Number 28Slide Number 29The End!