U.S. Foreign Policy Goals and the Actions Taken to Meet Them

What Actions, Carrots and Sticks What Actions, Carrots and Sticks does the U.S. use to achieve its does the U.S. use to achieve its

foreign policy goals?foreign policy goals?

1. Map indicating states and territories and their diplomatic relations with the U.S.

* Blue represents the United States.     * Green represents nations with which the US has diplomatic relations.     

* Red represents nations with which the US does not have diplomatic relations.      * Yellow represents nations that are disputed areas.

2-7. Who Makes Foreign Policy?Click Here to Learn More

8. US FOREIGN POLICY GOALS CAN BE PLACED IN

THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES

National SecurityNational Security

Economic Economic

Ideological Ideological

HumanitarianHumanitarian

9. Political Actions Used to Meet US National Security Goals

Political Actions taken to meet national Security GoalsPolitical Actions taken to meet national Security Goals: : Created the Department of Homeland Defense. Train Created the Department of Homeland Defense. Train

military to combat terrorism. military to combat terrorism. Warn foreign nations who harbor terrorists that they risk Warn foreign nations who harbor terrorists that they risk

invasion unless they stop supporting terrorism.invasion unless they stop supporting terrorism. Call for negotiations between two warring countries that Call for negotiations between two warring countries that

risk destabilizing an entire region like the Middle Eastrisk destabilizing an entire region like the Middle East

9. Economic Actions taken to meet National Security Goals:

Freeze the bank accounts of terrorist Freeze the bank accounts of terrorist organizations and the those organizations organizations and the those organizations that help fund terrorism.that help fund terrorism.

Mount an embargo or trade Mount an embargo or trade sanctions/barriers on a country labeled sanctions/barriers on a country labeled “terrorist friendly. EX. Iran, North Korea, “terrorist friendly. EX. Iran, North Korea, IraqIraq

Place nations on Most Favored Nation status Place nations on Most Favored Nation status in order to better trade relations with in order to better trade relations with countries that share U.S. values or might one countries that share U.S. values or might one day i.e. China day i.e. China

9. Ideological ways to meet US national security goals: Support those groups or nations with similar Support those groups or nations with similar

values willing to combat the nations labeled values willing to combat the nations labeled terrorist or enemy by declaring that they are terrorist or enemy by declaring that they are friendly nations and/ or providing economic friendly nations and/ or providing economic support.support.

Recognize and support organizations that Recognize and support organizations that support democracy in foreign nations.support democracy in foreign nations.

Declare the legitimacy or illegitimacy of a Declare the legitimacy or illegitimacy of a foreign country’s democracy.foreign country’s democracy.

9. Military Actions Taken to meet the US’ National Security Goals The US builds military bases to protect friendly The US builds military bases to protect friendly

nations near enemy nationsnations near enemy nations The US blockades the ships of an enemy nationThe US blockades the ships of an enemy nation The US enforces a no-fly zone denying the ability The US enforces a no-fly zone denying the ability

for another country to launch aircrafts.for another country to launch aircrafts. The US overthrows the government of a hostile The US overthrows the government of a hostile

nation.nation.

9. Diplomatic Ways the US Meets its National Security Goals

Treaties signed to reduce weapons of mass destruction or Treaties signed to reduce weapons of mass destruction or chemical weapons such as the START (Strategic Arms chemical weapons such as the START (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) signed between Russia and the U.S.Reduction Treaty) signed between Russia and the U.S.

License/forbid the selling or possession of arms to specific License/forbid the selling or possession of arms to specific countries. For example, the US and UN placed sanctions countries. For example, the US and UN placed sanctions on Iraq between 1992 and 2002.on Iraq between 1992 and 2002.

U.S. and United Nations call upon International Atomic U.S. and United Nations call upon International Atomic Energy Agency of the UN to inspect countries unwilling to Energy Agency of the UN to inspect countries unwilling to follow previously signed treaties.follow previously signed treaties.

THE US participates in NATO (North Atlantic Treaty THE US participates in NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) to meet its and its allies national security Organization) to meet its and its allies national security goals.goals.

Start Treaty (A treaty to end nuclear proliferation between the USSR and the US)-

How does this benefit the common good?

10. Member Nations of NATO

11. Ways the US Meets its Economic Foreign Policy GoalsDiplomatic ActionsDiplomatic Actions THE US participates in the World Trade THE US participates in the World Trade

Organizations and use to participate GATT Organizations and use to participate GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) in (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) in order to promote free trade between nations by order to promote free trade between nations by reducing tariffs and taxes on imported goods.reducing tariffs and taxes on imported goods.

The US supports developing nations through The US supports developing nations through membership and support of organizations like the membership and support of organizations like the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, the International Red Cross through the US the International Red Cross through the US Agency for International Development.Agency for International Development.

Ways the US Meets its Economic Foreign Policy Goals

12. Ways the US Meets its Ideological Foreign Policy Goals

Political Actions:Political Actions:

The US can recognize the sovereignty The US can recognize the sovereignty (independence) of a new nation.(independence) of a new nation.

The US call foreign nations undemocratic or The US call foreign nations undemocratic or labels nations as being part of an“Axis of labels nations as being part of an“Axis of Evil”Evil”

Ways the US Meets its Ideological Foreign Policy Goals

12. Ways the US Meets its Ideological Foreign Policy Goals

Diplomatic Actions:Diplomatic Actions: Use of Peace Corps or foreign aid (US AID) to prove Use of Peace Corps or foreign aid (US AID) to prove

Americans are ‘nice’ and make it clear to nation that it will Americans are ‘nice’ and make it clear to nation that it will lose aid if it does not abide.lose aid if it does not abide.

Break diplomatic ties by closing an embassy in a nation Break diplomatic ties by closing an embassy in a nation that no longer supports democracy and free trade such as that no longer supports democracy and free trade such as Iran.Iran.

Warn US citizens not to visit a nation that does not support Warn US citizens not to visit a nation that does not support human rights laws.human rights laws.

Promotes fair elections.Promotes fair elections. Embarrass nation by publicly scolding their actions or Embarrass nation by publicly scolding their actions or

using media to broadcast directly to the country’s people using media to broadcast directly to the country’s people about what is taking place.about what is taking place.

Ways the US Meets its Ideological Foreign Policy Goals

12. Ways the US Meets its Ideological Foreign Policy Goals

Military Actions:Military Actions: Use force to change regimes or Use force to change regimes or support opposition leaders to use forcesupport opposition leaders to use force

Economic Actions:Economic Actions:

Trade Barriers or embargos towards country who Trade Barriers or embargos towards country who don’t ensure Human Rights. EX. Cuba, Libyadon’t ensure Human Rights. EX. Cuba, Libya

Cultural Actions:Cultural Actions: Begin a student exchange Begin a student exchange program with students in a friendly country or program with students in a friendly country or boycott the Olympics in protest of human rights boycott the Olympics in protest of human rights abusesabuses

13. Ways the US Meets its Humanitarian Goals

Political Actions:Political Actions: Support developing nations with organizations such as the Peace Support developing nations with organizations such as the Peace

Corps and US AID Agency for International Development, World Corps and US AID Agency for International Development, World Bank and IMFBank and IMF

Provide professional and military trainingProvide professional and military training Sign on to international treaties such as the Kyoto ProtocolSign on to international treaties such as the Kyoto Protocol Publicly scold a country for not doing more to prevent pollution.Publicly scold a country for not doing more to prevent pollution.

Economic Actions:Economic Actions: Support by providing access to American marketsSupport by providing access to American markets Providing financial support through loans and grants.Providing financial support through loans and grants. Place trade barriers on products produced in nations with bad Place trade barriers on products produced in nations with bad

environmental track records.environmental track records.

13. Ways the US Meets its Humanitarian Goals

Diplomatic Actions:Diplomatic Actions: Sign on to international treaties such as the Sign on to international treaties such as the

Kyoto Protocol to reduce global warming.\Kyoto Protocol to reduce global warming.\ Work with the United Nations UNICEF to aid Work with the United Nations UNICEF to aid

refugees and the poor.refugees and the poor. Allow political refugees to immigrate to the USAllow political refugees to immigrate to the US

Military Actions:Military Actions: Overthrow a government that abuses human rights Overthrow a government that abuses human rights

using military force.using military force.

14. Take the following surveys to determine where you stand on foreign

policy issues. http://www.americanchoices.org/http://www.americanchoices.org/

15. Read about 4 schools of thought regarding how to approach foreign policy and then categorize which

school of though three Presidential candidates allign with.

15. Foreign Policy Schools of Thought- Isolationists

The term isolationist is most often used negatively; few people who share its The term isolationist is most often used negatively; few people who share its beliefs use it to describe their own foreign policy perspective. They believe in beliefs use it to describe their own foreign policy perspective. They believe in "America first." For them, national sovereignty trumps international relations. "America first." For them, national sovereignty trumps international relations. Many unions, libertarians, and anti-globalization protesters share isolationist Many unions, libertarians, and anti-globalization protesters share isolationist tenets.tenets.

Isolationists…Isolationists… Are wary of US involvement in the United Nations Are wary of US involvement in the United Nations Oppose international law, alliances, and agreements Oppose international law, alliances, and agreements Believe the US should not act as a global cop Believe the US should not act as a global cop Support trade practices that protect American workers Support trade practices that protect American workers Oppose liberal immigration Oppose liberal immigration Oppose American imperialism Oppose American imperialism Desire to preserve what they see as America's national identity and characterDesire to preserve what they see as America's national identity and character Historical isolationist:Historical isolationist: President Calvin Coolidge President Calvin Coolidge Modern isolationist:Modern isolationist: Author/Commentator Pat Buchanan Author/Commentator Pat Buchanan

15. Foreign Policy Schools of Thought- Liberal

Are wary of American arrogance and hypocrisy Are wary of American arrogance and hypocrisy Trace much of today's anti-American hatred to previous US foreign Trace much of today's anti-American hatred to previous US foreign

policies. policies. Believe political solutions are inherently superior to military Believe political solutions are inherently superior to military

solutions solutions Believe the US is morally bound to intervene in humanitarian crises Believe the US is morally bound to intervene in humanitarian crises Oppose American imperialism Oppose American imperialism Support international law, alliances, and agreements Support international law, alliances, and agreements Encourage US participation in the UN Encourage US participation in the UN Believe US economic policies must help lift up the world's poor Believe US economic policies must help lift up the world's poor Historical liberal:Historical liberal: President Woodrow Wilson President Woodrow Wilson Modern liberal:Modern liberal: President Jimmy Carter President Jimmy Carter

15. Foreign Policy Schools of Thought- Neo-Conservative

Want the US to be the world's unchallenged superpower Want the US to be the world's unchallenged superpower Share unwavering support for Israel Share unwavering support for Israel Support American unilateral action Support American unilateral action Support preemptive strikes to remove perceived threats to US Support preemptive strikes to remove perceived threats to US

security security Promote the development of an American empire Promote the development of an American empire Equate American power with the potential for world peace Equate American power with the potential for world peace Seek to democratize the Arab world Seek to democratize the Arab world Push regime change in states deemed threats to the US or its allies Push regime change in states deemed threats to the US or its allies Historical neoconservative:Historical neoconservative: President Teddy Roosevelt President Teddy Roosevelt Modern neoconservative:Modern neoconservative: President Ronald Reagan President Ronald Reagan

15. Foreign Policy Schools of Thought- Realist Are guided more by practical considerations than Are guided more by practical considerations than

ideological vision ideological vision Believe US power is crucial to successful diplomacy - and Believe US power is crucial to successful diplomacy - and

vice versa vice versa Don't want US policy options unduly limited by world Don't want US policy options unduly limited by world

opinion or ethical considerations opinion or ethical considerations Believe strong alliances are important to US interests Believe strong alliances are important to US interests Weigh the political costs of foreign action Weigh the political costs of foreign action Believe foreign intervention must be dictated by Believe foreign intervention must be dictated by

compelling national interest compelling national interest Historical realist:Historical realist: President Dwight D. Eisenhower President Dwight D. Eisenhower Modern realist:Modern realist: Secretary of State Colin Powell Secretary of State Colin Powell

15. Categorize the foreign policy platforms of three Presidential Candidates

John McCain- RepublicanJohn McCain- Republican BarakBarak ObamaObama- Democrat- Democrat Hillary Clinton- DemocratHillary Clinton- Democrat

Analyze the following cartoons:

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