U.S. Economic

Imperialism & Mexico

Chapter 28: Section 3Chapter 28: Section 4

Colonial Legacy & Political Instability

• Peonage System:– Keeps peasants in debt; landowners wealthy

• Caudillos: military dictators– Rule most of Latin America – mid 1800s– Reformers gain office but forced out– Wealthy landowners support caudillos– Poor people have few rights.

Outside Interference• Little money used for internal improvements.

• Borrowed money at high rates to help export industries.

• Loans not repaid:– Collect by force– Take over facilities– Control over Latin American industries

– Economic Colonialism

Monroe Doctrine• U.S. needed to protect own borders.• Newly independent Latin American

countries are insecure.

• PRESIDENT MONROE:– “The American continents…are henceforth

not to be considered as subjects for future colonization.”

Spanish-American War• Jose Marti: Cuban writer

– leader of Cuban independence– U.S. fights to help Cuba

• 2 front war: Cuba & Philippines• Spain can not handle the fronts

– 1901: Cuba independent (only in name)– Spain gives up:

• Guam, Puerto Rico & the Philippines

Connecting Oceans

• Panama Canal– Theodore Roosevelt

• Idea to build canal across Panama• Panama is province of Colombia

– $10 million offer rejected by Colombia

– Panama gains independence from Colombia• U.S. helps in revolution• Panama gives land to U.S. for canal

Roosevelt Corollary

• Protecting U.S. investments

• U.S. becomes international police force of the Western Hemisphere.

• U.S. uses it many times to intervene into Latin American affairs.

Chapter 28 Section 4: Mexico

• Identify problems that affected Mexico.

– Charting problems and the people affected by them.

– What was the end result?

de Santa Anna & Juarez • Leader of Mexico

• Problem:- U.S. settlers wanting

independence

• People Involved:– Mexicans, Texans &

Americans

• Outcome:– Defeated & ousted from

power

• La Reforma

• Problem: – Against government of

Santa Anna

• People Involved:– Peasants, Catholic Church

& landowners

• Outcome:– Sent into exile

Diaz & Madero• Leadership

• “Order & Progress”

• People Involved:– Peasants, landowners &

businessmen

• Outcome:– Wealthy got more land– Farmers were poorer.

• The Revolution:– Madero led the revolution in

exile.

• Leaders of Revolution:– “Pancho” Villa

– Emiliano Zapata

• Outcome:– Diaz was forced to step down– Madero elected president

Imperialism in Southeast

Asia

Chapter 27: Section 5

Pacific Rim

• Lands that border the Pacific Ocean– Dutch– British– French– Germans

• All claim parts of the Pacific Rim

The Philippines• U.S. gain after Spanish-American War

• Emilio Aguinaldo:– Filipino Nationalist leader– Revolts against U.S. rule– U.S. defeats after 3 years of war

• Prepare for self-rule• Cash crop

Hawaii: U.S. Imperialism in the Pacific Islands

• Sugar cane plantations

• Mid- 1800s 75% of Hawaii’s wealth comes from sugar accounts

• U.S. pushes for annexation

QUEEN LILIUOKALANI

• Restore power of the throne; reduce that of the wealthy land owners.

• More political power given to the people of Hawaii.

QUEEN LILIUOKALANI

• American businessmen have her removed from power.

• U.S. annexes Republic of Hawaii (1898)