u.s. department of the interior u.s. geological survey nasa/usda workshop on evapotranspiration...
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U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey
NASA/USDA Workshop on Evapotranspiration
April 6, 2011 – Silver Spring, Maryland
ET for famine early warning, water use reporting, and drought monitoring
James Verdin and Gabriel SenayFamine Early Warning Systems Network (FEWS NET)
National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS)
Department of the Interior WaterSMART
U.S. Geological Survey, EROS Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota
NASA/USDA Workshop on Evapotranspiration
April 6, 2011 – Silver Spring, Maryland
Famine Early Warning Systems Network
An activity of the Office of Food for Peace at USAID, which directly supports its goal:
“to ensure that appropriate… emergency food aid is provided to the right people in the right places at the right time and in the right way”
FEWS NET is a food security
decision support system
with its own climate services
NASA/USDA Workshop on Evapotranspiration
April 6, 2011 – Silver Spring, Maryland
Famine Early Warning Systems Network
· FEWS NET identifies the times and places that aid is need by the most food insecure populations of the developing world
· The activity has been continuous since 1985· The Office of Food for Peace distributed
$2.8 B in aid in 2008
NASA/USDA Workshop on Evapotranspiration
April 6, 2011 – Silver Spring, Maryland
Famine Early Warning Systems Network
· Livelihood systems are based on subsistence agriculture and/or pastoralism, and are highly climate-sensitive
· Conventional climate station networks are sparse and/or late reporting
· Satellite remote sensing and atmospheric models fill the gap, and provide the basis for early detection of agricultural drought
NASA/USDA Workshop on Evapotranspiration
April 6, 2011 – Silver Spring, Maryland
Famine Early Warning Systems Network
· Rainfall, vegetation, snow pack, ET are monitored for rangelands, rain fed crops, and irrigated crops
· A convergence of evidence approach is used
NASA/USDA Workshop on Evapotranspiration
April 6, 2011 – Silver Spring, Maryland
eMODIS FEWS NET
NDVI 250 m, NASA LANCE – USGS eMODIS
NASA/USDA Workshop on Evapotranspiration
April 6, 2011 – Silver Spring, Maryland
Time Series Rainfall Grids
· Use of NOAA satellite RFE since mid-1990s
· A blend of TIR, MW, and station observations
· Used in crop water balance models
NASA/USDA Workshop on Evapotranspiration
April 6, 2011 – Silver Spring, Maryland
Daily Global GDAS ETo for July 2004
NASA/USDA Workshop on Evapotranspiration
April 6, 2011 – Silver Spring, Maryland
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 27 44 61 78 95 112 129 146 163 180 197 214 231 248 265 282 299 316 333 350
Day of Year (2004)
ET
o (m
m)
CIMIS ETo
GDAS ETo
r = 0.991annual difference = -2%
1 STDn = 6
GDAS ETo Validation Using CIMIS Station Data (San Benito: 2004)
Senay, Verdin, Lietzow and Melesse, 2008. JAWRA.
NASA/USDA Workshop on Evapotranspiration
April 6, 2011 – Silver Spring, Maryland
WRSI = f (ppt, pet, WHC, Crop Type, SOS, EOS, LGP)
RFE(NOAA)
calculated fromNOAA GDASat EROS
FAO soils mapof the world Kc (FAO)
Water Requirement Satisfaction Index
NASA/USDA Workshop on Evapotranspiration
April 6, 2011 – Silver Spring, Maryland
Mapping Agricultural Drought
WRSI Soil Water Index
NASA/USDA Workshop on Evapotranspiration
April 6, 2011 – Silver Spring, Maryland
LST
Ta
ETfraction
Weather DataRadiation
Temp, Wind, RHPressure
ETo
ETa
Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEB) Approach
NDVI
Adapted the “hot” and “cold” pixel concept from SEBAL (Bastiaanssen et al., 1998) and METRIC (Allen et al., 2005) to calculate ET fraction and combine it with ETo.
Senay, et al., 2007. Sensors, 7, 979-1000.
NASA/USDA Workshop on Evapotranspiration
April 6, 2011 – Silver Spring, Maryland
Energy Balance Estimates of Crop ET
NASA/USDA Workshop on Evapotranspiration
April 6, 2011 – Silver Spring, Maryland
Withdrawal Recharge
Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer Study
NASA/USDA Workshop on Evapotranspiration
April 6, 2011 – Silver Spring, Maryland
NASA/USDA Workshop on Evapotranspiration
April 6, 2011 – Silver Spring, Maryland
WaterSMART Availability and Use Assessment Program – Irrigation Water UseLocation of irrigated fields
· MODIS national irrigated lands classification· State government field boundary databases· USDA NASS common land unit or cropland data layer
Status of irrigated fields· Irrigated or not in 2007? Vegetation index threshold· Crop type or group? Vegetation index seasonal curve
Crop water use· Surface energy balance methods with LST· Joint use of Landsat and MODIS to get good frequency of
observations
Link consumptive use with point of withdrawal via state GIS databases
NASA/USDA Workshop on Evapotranspiration
April 6, 2011 – Silver Spring, Maryland
WaterSMART Availability and Use Assessment Program – Irrigation Water Use
Crop type classification Crop water use totalsDavid Eckhardt, USBR
NASA/USDA Workshop on Evapotranspiration
April 6, 2011 – Silver Spring, Maryland
California Drought Impact
California’s Drought of 2007-2009: An Overview
California Department of Water Resources
NASA/USDA Workshop on Evapotranspiration
April 6, 2011 – Silver Spring, Maryland
Thank you