u.s. department of the interior earthquake summary map xxx
TRANSCRIPT
Map prepared by U.S. Geological SurveyNational Earthquake Information Center28 May 2008Map not approved for release by Director USGS
EARTHQUAKE SUMMARY MAP XXXU.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIORU.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY
DISCLAIMERBase map data, such as place names and politicalboundaries, are the best available but may not be current or may contain inaccuracies and thereforeshould not be regarded as having official significance.
K u n l u n F a u l t
E U R A S I A P L A T E
Y A N G T Z EP L A T E
INDIAPLATE
Sichuan (Red) Basin
T i b e t a n P l a t e a u
Ya n g t z e R i v e r
1976
Guangxi
Gansu
Shanxi
ShaanxiQinghai Henan
XizangSichuan
Hubei
HunanArunachalPradesh Guizhou
YunnanKachinState
AssamSagaing
2008
1917
1923
1933
1947
1948
1950
1955
1967
1973
Fengxiang WEINANLiquan
DAWUQishan
Min Xian BaojiTINTONG
Feng-chia-
tsui
Chiu-wu-kungCaijiabo
XingpingXi'an
HuaiyaLi Xian Zhouzhi
Tienhu
Hu XianTewo
SHANGXIAN
Hui-Xian
Lueyang YangXian
Hanzhong
Neixiang
ShiquanZhenping
GYEGUXixiang
ALOA
YUN XIAN
ANKANG
DEN XIANJUN XIAN
GuangyaunGucheng
Taipingdian
JIANGYOULANGZHONG
MIANYANGHanwang DA XIAN KAI XIAN
DEYANGQAMDO PENGXIAN GUANGHAN SHEHONG
WAN XIANNANCHONG
YICHANG
CHENGDUShuangliu SUINING
QIONGLAIXINJIN
ZHONGXIAN
PENGSHAN ANYUEMEISHANSHIH-
YANGHECHUAN
YAAN TONGLIANGBEIBEIDAZU
NEIJIANG CHONGQINGLi-chia-toWUTONGQIAO RONCHANG
GUANGSHUNCHANGZIGONGLONGCHANGGongjing
FU-SHUN BAISHATAOYUAN
Lo-hanLUZHOUNanxi
SHUANG-TSAO-FANG
HEJIANGNAXIYIBINJIANGANPINGSHAN
YUANLINGCHI-SHOU
Lung-shan-chen
ZhaojueXICHANG
ZHONGDIANChing-shui-tang ZUNYI Zhijiang
ZHAOTONG
QIANYANG
BIJIE
Weixi DAFANG
HONGJIANG
SHUANGLIU
DAYAN Ta-chaiHUILI Huidong
KAILI
Tongzi
GUIYANG
JINGXIAN
Qingzhen
LongxiHezuo LongXianQinan DaliFuping
Gangu Wu-chiaYanliangSanyuan
Chao-chia-
chuangTIANSHUI
Tianshui
QianXian
Jingyang
GUIDING
112°
110°
110°
108°
108°
106°
106°
104°
104°
102°
102°
100°
100°
98°
98°
96°
96°
34°
34°
32°
32°
30°
30°
28°
28°
N AN S
E I -
SH
OT O
(R
Y UK
Y U)
T RE N
C H
EURASIA PLATE
EURASIA PLATE
YANGTZEPLATE
OKINAWAPLATE
INDIA PLATE
PHILIPPINE SEA PLATE
E A S TC H I N A
S E A
Y E L L O WS E A
SEA OF JAPAN
S O U T HC H I N A
S E A
A N D A M A NS E A
B A Y O FB E N G A L
HI
MA
L
AY
A
T i a n S h a n
Al t a
y M
o
un
t ai n
s
Ku
nj u n M o u n t a i n s
L. B a l ka sh
Chang Jaing
Huang
He
B A N G L A -D E S H
M Y A N M A R( B U R M A )
T H A I L A N D
C H I N A
I N D I A
N E P A L
T A J I K I S T A N
K Y R G Y Z S T A N
M O N G O L I A
N O R T HK O R E A
S O U T HK O R E A
C A M B O D I AV I E T N A M
L A O S
P H I L I P P I N E S
B H U T A N
T A I W A N
J a p a nB a s i n
1941
TIBETAN PLATEAU
INDIAPLATESUNDA PLATE
Burma Plate
AMUR PLATE
(Yangt
ze)
K u n l u n F a u l t
A l t y n Ta g h F a u l t
1861
2004
1881
Qui NhonSamutSakhon
Nagasaki
Moulmein
Aizawl
Haeju
Ch'ongjin
KanggyeSinuiju Hamhung
Kashi
Yinchuan
Barisal
KaesongCh'unch'on
Ch'ungju
Cheju
Lhasa
Kathmandu
Biratnagar
Naha
KohimaShillongMyitkyinaImphalRajshahi
AgartalaMacau
Yen BaiThaiNguyen
Viet Tri Hon GaiHai
DuongHaiphongHoa BinhTaunggyi
BhubaneshwarMagwaySittwe
ThanhHoaChiang
Mai VinhVientianeUdon
ThaniPeguPhitsanulokBassein SavannakhetHueKhon
Kaen Da NangNakhonSawan Ubon
Ratchathani QuangNgai
NakhonRatchasimaSaraburi
Phra Nakhon Si AyutthayaTavoy Play Cu
Tianjin
Shanghai
Beijing
AlmatyBishkek FushunShenyangAnshan
HuhotTangshan Dalian
P'yongyang
TaiyuanInch`on
Jinan
Taegu
Xining
TaejonQingdao
Lanzhou ZhengzhouLuoyangXi'an
Fukuoka
NanjingHefei
ChengduWuhan Hangzhou
Chongqing NanchangChangshaLucknow
GuiyangKanpur Fuzhou
PatnaVaranasiKunming
TaipeiT'aichung
GuangzhouKhulna
NanningKaoshsiung
T'ainan
Calcutta KowloonChittagong VictoriaMandalay
Vishakhapatnam
Rangoon
QuezonCityManila
PusanKwangjuShijiazhuang
Baotou
FangchengGang
Urumqi130°
120°
120°
110°
110°
100°
100°
90°
90°80°
40°
40°
30°
30°
20°
20°
M7.9 Eastern Sichuan, China Earthquake of 12 May 2008
�B�e�i�j�i�n�g
Tianjin
Shanghai
Seoul
Viet Tri
Aizawl
Wonsan
Yinchuan
HaejuKaesong
Ch'unch'on
Ch'ungju
Cheju
Lhasa
KohimaShillongMyitkyina
Imphal
AgartalaMacau
Yen BaiThai NguyenHon GaiHai
DuongHaiphongHoa BinhTaunggyi
MagwaySittweThanhHoa
Barisal
TaipeiT'aichung
Dhaka GuangzhouT'ainan
Khulna
Shijiazhuang
KaoshsiungKowloon
Chittagong VictoriaMandalay
Hanoi
KwangjuTaegu
Baotou
FangchengGang
HuhotTangshan DalianP'yongyang
Taiyuan
Inch`on
JinanXining
TaejonQingdao
Lanzhou ZhengzhouLuoyangXi'an
NanjingHefei
Nanning
ChengduWuhan
Hangzhou
Chongqing NanchangChangsha
GuiyangFuzhou
Kunming
130°
120°
120°
110°
110°
100°
100°
90°
90°
40°
30°
30°
20°
20°DATA SOURCESEARTHQUAKES AND SEISMIC HAZARD USGS, National Earthquake Information Center NOAA, National Geophysical Data Center IASPEI, Centennial Catalog (1900 - 1999) and extensions (Engdahl and Villaseñor, 2002) HDF (unpublished earthquake catalog) (Engdahl, 2003) Global Seismic Hazard Assessment ProgramPLATE TECTONICS AND FAULT MODEL PB2002 (Bird, 2003) Finite Fault Model, Chen Ji, UC Santa Barbara (2007)BASE MAP NIMA and ESRI, Digital Chart of the World USGS, EROS Data Center NOAA GEBCO and GLOBE Elevation Models
0 400 800 1,200 1,600200Kilometers
Scale
Prepared in cooperation
with the Global Seismographic
Network
Tectonic Setting
Seismic Hazard
Epicentral Region
TECTONIC SUMMARYThe Sichuan earthquake of May 12, 2008, occurred as the result ofmotion on a northeast striking reverse fault or thrust fault on thenorthwestern margin of the Sichuan Basin. The earthquake’s epicenterand focal-mechanism are consistent with it having occurred as the resultof movement on the Longmenshan fault or a tectonically related fault.The earthquake reflects tectonic stresses resulting from the convergenceof crustal material slowly moving from the high Tibetan Plateau, to thewest, against strong crust underlying the Sichuan Basin and southeasternChina.On a continental scale, the seismicity of central and eastern Asia is aresult of northward convergence of the India plate against the Eurasiaplate with a velocity of about 50 mm/y. The convergence of the twoplates is broadly accommodated by the uplift of the Asian highlands andby the motion of crustal material to the east away from the upliftedTibetan Plateau.The northwestern margin of the Sichuan Basin has previouslyexperienced destructive earthquakes. The magnitude 7.3 earthquake ofAugust 25, 1933, killed more than 6,800 people. Another 2,500 laterperished as the result of failure of a natural dam created by a landslidecaused by the earthquake.
Seismic hazard is expressed as peakground acceleration (PGA) on firmrock, in meters/sec², expected to beexceeded in a 50-yr period with aprobability of 10 percent.
EXPLANATIONMainshock
Mag ≥ 7.00 - 69 km70 - 299300 - 600
Plate BoundariesSubductionTransformDivergent
ConvergentVolcanoes
RELATIVE PLATE MOTIONSRed vectors indicate relative plate motion.The India Plate is moving northward relativeto the Eurasia Plate at about 50 mm/yr.
0 400 800 1,200 1,600200Kilometers
Scale
REFERENCESBird, P., 2003, An updated digital model of plate boundaries: Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., v. 4, no. 3, pp. 1027- 80.Engdahl, E.R. and Villaseñor, A., 2002, Global Seismicity: 1900 - 1999, chap. 41 of Lee, W.H.K., and others,eds., International Earthquake and Engineering Seismology, Part A: New York, N.Y., Elsevier Academeic Press, 932 p.Engdahl, E.R., Van der Hilst, R.D., and Buland, R.P., 1998, Global teleseismic earthquake relocation with improved trav- el times and procedures for depth determination: Bull. Seism. Soc. Amer., v. 88, p. 722-743.
1:4,000,000Scale
Finite Fault Modelfor M7.9 Earthquake
Significant Earthquakes Mag >= 7.0
Year Mon Day Time Lat Long Dep Mag1917 07 30 2354 29.000 104.000 0 7.31923 03 24 1240 30.553 101.258 25 7.21933 08 25 0750 31.810 103.541 25 7.31947 03 17 0819 33.000 99.500 0 7.51948 05 25 0711 29.500 100.500 0 7.21950 08 15 1409 28.500 96.500 0 8.61955 04 14 0129 29.981 101.613 10 7.51967 08 30 0422 31.631 100.232 8.1 7.01973 02 06 1037 31.361 100.504 6.6 7.42008 05 12 0628 30.986 103.364 19 7.9
Peak Ground Acceleration in m/sec**2
.2 .4 .8 1.6 2.4 3.2 4.0 4.8
EPICENTRAL REGION
EXPLANATIONMainshock
Aftershocks4 - 4.95 - 5.96 - 6.9
Earthquake Magnitude4.00 - 5.996.00 - 6.997.00 - 7.998.00 - 8.99
9.00 - 9.99
Earthquake Depth0 - 6970 - 299300 - 700
Projection Albers Equal Area
1:20,000,000
1:15,000,000
EPICENTRAL REGION
Did You Feel It?
0
Distance
along
strike
229° (N
49 E) (k
m)
Distance
along
strike 2
29° (N
131W) (k
m)
- 50
265
- 40
0
Distance downdip (km)
Dip 33° Northwest
0
Slip (cm)0 - 100100 - 200200 - 300300 - 400400 - 500500 - 600600 - 700700 - 800800 - 900900 - 1000
FINITE FAULT MODELContributed byChen Ji, University of California at SantaBarbara and Gavin Hayes, NEICDistribution of the amplitude anddirection of slip for subfault elements(small rectangles) of the fault rupturemodel are determined from the inversionof teleseismic body waveforms. Arrowsindicate the amplitude and direction ofslip (of the hanging wall with respect tothe foot wall); the slip amount is alsocolor-coded as shown. The view of therupture plane is from above.The strike of the fault rupture plane is229° (N131W) and the dip is 33 NW. Thedimensions of the subfault elements are15 km in the strike direction and 5 km inthe dip direction. The seismic momentrelease based on this plane is .115E+29dyne.cm.
0 200 400100Kilometers
Eastern Sichuan, China 12 May 2008 6:28:00 UTC 30.986° N., 103.364° E.Depth 19 kmMw = 7.9 (USGS) At least 69,185 people killed, 374,171 injured and 18,467 missing and presumed dead in the Chengdu-Lixian-Guangyuan area. More than 45.5 million people in 10 provinces and regions were affected. At least 15 million people were evacuated from their homes and more than 5 million were left homeless. An estimated 5.36 million buildings collapsed and more than 21 million buildings were damaged in Sichuan and in parts of Chongqing, Gansu, Hubei, Shaanxi and Yunnan. The total economic loss was estimated at 86 billion US dollars. Beichuan, Dujiangyan, Wuolong and Yingxiu were almost completely destroyed. Landslides and rockfalls damaged or destroyed several mountain roads and railways and buried buildings in the Beichuan-Wenchuan area, cutting off access to the region for several days. At least 700 people were buried by a landslide at Qingchuan. Landslides also dammed several rivers, creating 34 barrier lakes which threatened about 700,000 people downstream. A train was buried by a landslide near Longnan, Gansu. At least 2,473 dams sustained some damage and more than 53,000 km roads and 47,000 km of tap water pipelines were damaged. About 1.5 km of surface faulting was observed near Qingchuan, surface cracks and fractures occurred on three mountains in the area, and subsidence and street cracks were observed in the city itself. Maximum intensity XI was assigned in the Wenchuan area. Felt in much of central, eastern and southern China, in parts of Bangladesh, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam. Seiches were observed at Kotalipara, Bangladesh.