U.S. Coast Guard

UNCLASSIFIED

U.S. Coast Guard U.S. Coast Guard Maritime Domain AwarenessMaritime Domain Awareness

Curtis L. Dubay, P.E.Curtis L. Dubay, P.E.Director, MDA Program IntegrationDirector, MDA Program IntegrationU.S. Coast GuardU.S. Coast Guard

12 August 200912 August 2009

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U.S. Coast Guard

USCG Global MissionsUSCG Global Missions

Maritime

Safety

Security

Stewardship

Unclassified

U.S. Coast Guard

Challenges to Global SecurityChallenges to Global Security• Organized crime• Piracy• Drug smuggling • Human smuggling and

slavery• Illegal weapons

movement & proliferation

• Terrorism

• Exclusive Economic Zone (resource) exploitation

• Illegal fishing• Trade disruption• Illegal migration • Search and Rescue• Environmental attack

Nations find their wellNations find their well--being challenged by these being challenged by these common threats to Maritime Securitycommon threats to Maritime Security

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U.S. Coast Guard

CG Mission ProgramsCG Mission ProgramsSafety • Marine Safety

• Search and RescueSecurity • Defense Readiness

• Ports, Waterways, & Coastal Security• Drug Interdiction• Migrant Interdiction• Other Law Enforcement

Stewardship • Marine Environmental Protection• Living Marine Resources Enforcement• Aids to Navigation• Ice Operations

Unclassified

U.S. Coast Guard

Exclusive Economic Zone (worldExclusive Economic Zone (world’’s largest)s largest)

Unclassified

U.S. Coast Guard

Security

Stewardship

Maritime Governance

Across the Maritime Domain

Unity of Effort

Regimes(Policies, Regulations)

AwarenessG

over

nmen

tPr

ivat

eSe

ctor

PortStates

ApproachesGlobal Commons

PortStates

Inte

rnat

iona

l

SafetyOperations

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U.S. Coast Guard

Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA)Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA)

…the effective understanding of anything associated with the global maritime domain that could impact the security, safety, economy, or environment

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U.S. Coast Guard

Ketchikan

Cordova

Nome

Barrow

Juneau

Cold Bay

Kodiak

AttuSt. Paul

Dutch Harbor

Maritime B

oundary Line

••High LatitudesHigh Latitudes

••Severe WeatherSevere Weather

••Great DistancesGreat Distances

••Remote locationsRemote locations

Operational Challenges

U.S. Coast Guard

Canada

Greenland

Russia

NorthAtlanticOcean

ArcticOcean

BeringSea

Northern Sea RouteNorthwest Passage

Alaska

UNCLASSIFIED

Freedom of Navigation in the Arctic

U.S. Coast Guard

50 NM

US

RS

The Bering Strait

U.S. Coast Guard11

The Way ForwardThe Way Forward-- AwarenessAwareness

U.S. Coast Guard

U.S. Coast Guard Observing Activities U.S. Coast Guard Observing Activities • Provider

– USCG Station Observations*– Observations from Sensors at USCG Sites*– USCG Cutter Observations*– USCG Aircraft Observations– USCG Polar Icebreaker Observations– Self-Locating Datum Marker Buoys (SLDMB)– National Ice Center (Navy, NOAA, and USCG)– International Ice Patrol– Radio Broadcasts*– GPS Surface Observing System (GSOS) (NOAA)– NOAA National Data Buoy Center (NDBC)+*Coordination with UNCLOG (USCG/NWS Coordination Liaison Group)+Vessel, aircraft, and boat support for data buoy deployments, retrievals, etc.

U.S. Coast Guard

Arctic & Near Arctic Observations:Arctic & Near Arctic Observations:USCG ExamplesUSCG Examples

- International Arctic Buoy Program (IABP)– USCGC HEALY deployed 12 buoys in the Arctic Ocean in 2008

and plans to deploy 11 in 2009- ARGO Program

– ARGO float deployments in Arctic Ocean by USCGC HEALY– ARGO float deployments in southern ocean s by USCG

icebreakers during transit to Antarctica. - SLDMB Program

– Deployments in Bering Sea for Search & Rescue Program- Vessel and Aircraft Support for NDBC Data Buoy Program in Alaska- Arctic Domain Awareness Program (D17) : Science-of-Opportunity

measurements from cutters and C-130 flights- NOAA GSOS Integrated Precipitible Water Vapor Program (5 sites in

AK)

U.S. Coast Guard

NOAA/GSD GroundNOAA/GSD Ground--Based GPS Based GPS Meteorology (GPSMeteorology (GPS--MET) MET)

U.S. Coast Guard

• Air Patrols– ‘Eyes on’ above the Arctic

Circle – Provide scientists platforms

of opportunity– Media opportunity to increase ADA at the global

level

BarrowPrudhoe Bay

Kivalina

Nome

Arctic Domain Awareness

U.S. Coast Guard

High Seas300 - 2,000 nm

Ports &Approaches

< 24 nm

Coastal24 - 300 nm

High Seas300 - 2,000 nm

Layered MDA

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UNCLASSIFIEDU.S. Coast Guard

US Port

Port State

Layered MDA Sensor Coverage AreasLong Range Identification and Tracking

Nationwide Automated Identification System

IOC

• Global position reporting perSOLAS regulations.

• 4 daily broadcasts per IMO

• 160+ contracting governmentsparticipating in LRIT efforts

• Track 40,000+ SOLAS Classvessels globally

• Satellite-based reporting.

• Command Center monitorsvessel behavior with radarsand cameras.

• Corroborate vessel behaviorwith actions advertised inLRIT/NAIS and in ship reports

• Joint planning and ops tools• Real-time op decision

support. • Covers critical port/coastalapproaches to 24NM.

CG

Enterprise

All tracking systems feed data to CG enterprise data warehouse for strategic fusion.

Generated using Google Earth®

• Nationwide network of towers &transceivers

• Similar to aircraft transponders• VHF radio-based (line of sight

technology), self-generatedvessel reports per IMO/SOLAS

• Provides AIS data feed to CGenterprise data stores.

• Inside 50 NM: near real timereports (seconds/minutes).

• Inside 2000NM: less frequentsatellite based coverage.

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Classified Systems

U.S. Coast Guard

U.S. Coast Guard

AIS Detectionsfrom a Single Pass

Commercial AIS Satellites

U.S. Coast Guard

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National MDA Governance

CNO-CCG Warfighter Talks

GMAII GMSA

Global MaritimeIntelligence Integration

Global MaritimeSituational Awareness

Maritime Domain Awareness

Stakeholder Board

A federal interdepartmental and interagency leadership structure

DOT DODDHS

MDA SB meets monthly, G5 meet weekly

U.S. Coast Guard

In ConclusionIn Conclusion• The US Coast Guard is one of many

agencies in a layered approach to MDA• A variety of sensors, analysis tools,

technologies, & partnerships combine to guard our waters

• Global implementation & continued international partnerships are essential

• MDA is the key to effectively implementing any maritime security strategy

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U.S. Coast Guard

Questions?Questions?

UNCLASSIFIED