us civil war - memorial day

7/27/2019 US Civil War - Memorial Day

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1861 1865


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1861 1865


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- Large middle class / capitalists and banking

- Manufactured and controlled the ships thatexported cotton produced in the South

- Puritan work ethics prevailed: daily long workinghours, six days a week

- Puritans perceived leisure and games as a

waste of time

- Women active and hardworking: doctors,writers, poets, religious activists


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- Smallmiddle class, large population of slaves

- Depended on slaves to produce the cottondemanded by Great Britain

- Dislike Puritan work ethics, the less work thebetter

- Like drinking, fox hunting, horse riding and

dueling

- Women were not active: usually slaves did allthe housework


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- Population: large 22 million (A)

- 90% of industrial goods manufacturing (A)

- Efficient railroad system (A)

- Controlled the navy, which could beused to blockade south ports and shut

down the southern economy (A)

- Had to fight an offensive war:long supply lines, unfamiliar territory (D)


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Excellent generals, for instance: Robert E. Lee (A)

Excellent riders, hunters that were familiar with climateand territory (A)

Farmers were better fighters than factory workers (A)

Profitable economy based on cotton exports (A)

Population: short 9 million, including 3.5 million slaves (D)

Had to import industrial goods (D)


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The South needed an alliance: Great Britain wasthe ideal allied. Its industry depended on the

South Cotton Kingdom"...but GB was cautious,did not want to get involved:

GB had stockpiled cotton as the conflict wasescalating. They had also identified other

source of supply (Madras, India) Most GB workers who lost their jobs in cotton

factories had been able to find work in thenew munition factories that were mostly

supplying the North Most GB citizens resented slavery (abolished

by 1834)

GB crop failures had led to increased grain

trade with the North


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A GB ship was intercepted by the North with South

Ambassadors on its way from the South to GB The North resented GB interference, leading some to

call for war. However, Lincoln simply neutralized thesituation by releasing the ship and the southern"agents"

GB had also sold several ships to the South, namelythe Florida and the Alabama, they had sunk manyNorth ships


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It freed theslaves only instates that haveseceded from the

Union.

It did not freeslaves in border

states. It was

proclaimed onJanuary 1, 1863


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Lee realized that the South was in dire straits and decided that it wascrucial to attack the North on its own territory

July 1-3, 1863 - BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG, Pennsylvania Confederate heavy bombardment; however, Union held firmly

on July 3, General Pickett led 15,000 Confederate soldiers across openfields - Union soldiers hold them and forced them down

Lee was defeated and retreated to Virginia

Gettysburg is the largest battle in the history of the Western hemisphere. Over 100, 000 people died in 3 days It was the last time the South

invaded the North.


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That from these honored dead we takeincreased devotion to that cause for whichthey gave the last full measure of devotion-- that we here highly resolve that thesedead shall not have died in vain -- that this

nation, under God, shall have a new birthof freedom -- and that government of thepeople, by the people, for the people, shallnot perish from the earth.

Abe Lincoln


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July 4, 1863 - another Union victory -VICKSBURG Won by U.S. Grant, cut South in 1/2 and gave the

Union control of Mississippi River

Grant was then given control of all Union armies began a "scorched earth" policy to defeat the South General Sheridan was given the mission to turn the

ShenandoahValley, Virginia into a dessert General Shermanwas given the task of taking

Atlanta; his "March through Georgia"saw totaldestruction from Atlanta to Savannah


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April 3, 1865 - Grant took Richmond, Virginia(final blow to Lee's army)

Lee surrenders on April 9, 1865 at

APPOMATTOX COURTHOUSE All Confederate troops were forced to take an

oath of loyalty to U.S. Otherwise, terms of surrender were lenient,

Lincoln didn't want a humiliated South and

wanted to avoid further conflicts issue of states' rights now "solved"- fed. gov't

had asserted its status


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The Civil has been the bloodiest warin the US history

618,000 US soldiers died in the Civil War

116,000 US soldiers died in WWI

405,000 US soldiers died in WWII

58,000 US soldiers died in Vietnam

2,200 US soldiers died in Afganistan 4,500 US soldiers died in Irak


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EFFECTS OF CIVIL WAR Creation of a single, large, unified country

Abolition of slavery increased power to federal government, killed

the issue of states rights The U.S. now an industrial nationA much stronger sense of nationalism West lands increasingly opened to settlement South was economically and physically

devastated, w/ the plantation systemcrippled...thus Reconstruction (rebuildingthe U.S. was needed) - but a deep hatred ofthe North remained for many years..


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Memorial Day

After the Civil War, people on their free willstarted decorating the graves of the soldiers thatdied during this war

General John Logan in 1868 designated May 30

as Decoration Day, with the purpose that peoplehad a designated date to decorate the graves Then, Congress in 1971 changed the name to

Memorial Day and made it a Holiday to be held

the last Monday of May. The main difference is that now all the US wars

are included so that people can honored thesoldiers that died while servicing their country


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From Decoration Day (Civil War)

1868 to Memorial Day (All wars)1971

us civil war - memorial day

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