U.S. – China Relations Final section

UNDERSTAND AMERICAN POLITICS美国政治

Capitol Hill vs. White House

The White House

Barack Obama took a difficult job

The Capitol Hill 国会山

How congressmen are elected?

Nixon Resigned, after Watergate Scandal

Bill Clinton Got Impeached

The Supreme Court

The Nine Justices美最高法院九大法官

A Noteworthy Lawsuit

• Goldwater v. Carter,  (1979), was a United States Supreme Court case which was the result of a lawsuit filed by Senator Barry Goldwater and other members of the United States Congress challenging the right of President Jimmy Carter to unilaterally nullify the Sino-American Mutual Defense Treaty, which the United States had signed with the Republic of China, so that relations could instead be established with the People's Republic of China.

• Goldwater and his co-filers claimed that the President required Senate approval to take such an action, and by not doing so, President Carter had acted beyond the powers of his office.

The Decision of the Supreme Court

• Justice Powell believed that the issue would have been arguable if Congress had issued a formal opposition against the termination of the treaty.

• Justice Rehnquist claimed that the issue concerned how foreign affairs were conducted between Congress and the President, and was essentially political, not judicial; therefore, it was not eligible to be heard by the court.

Mutual Defense Treaty between the U.S. and the R.O.C 美国与中华民国安全互保条约 1955-1980

• In the context of Cold War and the confrontation between capitalism and communism worldwide, this treaty secured the Republic of China from invasion by the People's Republic of China in the aftermath of the Chinese Civil War

Text of the Treaty

• Each Party recognizes that an armed attack in the West Pacific Area directed against the territories of either of the Parties would be dangerous to its own peace and safety, and declares that it would act to meet the common danger in accordance with its constitutional processes.

The Taiwan Relations Act 与台湾关系法• It was passed on April 10, 1979, by

the United States Congress • after the U.S. established diplomatic

relations with the People's Republic of China (PRC), and ended relations with the Republic of China (ROC) by President Jimmy Carter.

• The act does not recognize the terminology of "Republic of China" after Jan. 1, 1979, but uses the terminology of "governing authorities on Taiwan".

• The act authorizes de facto 事实上的 diplomatic relations with Taiwan by giving special powers to the American Institute in Taiwan ( 美国在台协会） .

To continue exchange with People in Taiwan

• The Congress finds that the enactment of this chapter is necessary maintain “commercial, cultural and other relations with the people in Taiwan on an unofficial basis.”

Arms Sales

• This act also requires the United States "to provide Taiwan with arms of a defensive character", and "to maintain the capacity of the United States to resist any resort to force or other forms of coercion that would jeopardize the security, or the social or economic system, of the people on Taiwan."

Will the U.S. Fight for Taiwan?

• the President was to “inform the Congress promptly of any threat to the security or the social or economic system of the people on Taiwan and any danger to the interests of the United States arising therefrom,”

• while “the President and the Congress shall determine, in accordance with constitutional processes, appropriate action by the United States in response to any such danger.”

Strategic Ambiguity

• The Taiwan Relations Act does not require the U.S. to intervene militarily if the PRC attacks or invades Taiwan, and the U.S. has adopted a policy of “strategic ambiguity”, in which the U.S. neither confirms nor denies that it would intervene in such a scenario.

American naval force deployed off the Taiwan Coast

In March 1996, the Clinton administration sought to deterthe People’s Republic of China (PRC) from disrupting Taiwan’s presidential elections by dispatching the largest naval force to be deployed in the region since the Vietnam War.

1996 年，台湾举行首次总统民选，中华人民共和国方面以“台湾为中国领土”为理由对台湾本岛基隆、高雄的外海发射短程弹道导弹。 美国总统克林顿下令第七舰队开进台湾海峡，借此警告中共高层，不要诉诸武力统一台湾。往后，台湾每届总统大选，美国为了防止中国以武力干涉台湾选举，会在选举到就职典礼那一段期间，常态性的巡弋台湾海峡。 2012 年台湾大选后，台湾海峡情势较往年缓和，美军第七舰队并未在台湾沿海有大规模活动

American People’s Opinion Polled

• A CNN/USA Today poll shows Americans are deeply divided over what America should do if China attacks Taiwan.

Ma Ying-jeou

“ 不统，不独，不武”

• Ma, in his inaugural address, laid out his promise in dealing with cross-strait relations that there would be "no reunification, no independence and no war" during his tenure as President

视频

• 美国总统辩论的历史•  http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/9yHLhbR7BiA/

Reporting

• Whether you made great effort in seeking interviews

• 雅聪，嘉祺 , 彩儿等同学 interviewed more than two people

• 敏琳• 颖霞• 金梦

勿浅尝辄止，勿以偏概全

• What Taylor said shows that what they were told in America seems like China is still stayed in 1960s, when the cultural revolution broke out. Even more ridiculous, they heard about China there was no freedom, people can’t read newspaper, easily get into trouble, putting Maozedong into shame is the most serious mistake, or people will be in jail.

How to engage your interviewees?

When your Japanese interviewee said:

•  I’m at work, can't write much right now ^^;

• hmmm i guess it's not the best time for Japanese and Chinese to make friends

•  I try avoiding talking about history or politics with them. (Chinese).

廖梦姣’ s response

• Maybe it is not a good time, but we still can be friend while we have our own view with Sino-Japan relationship.

• So can you share with me your opinion about Diaoyu Island? 

• There is an old Chinese saying seeking common ground while accepting the existing differences. I hope I can learn something from Japanese

Essay 写作要点：主线明晰

• 文章要靠一条主线串起来，逻辑思路应该清晰；不要把关联不大的素材硬拼在一起，不然的话段落和句子之间衔接不顺，跳跃很大。

案例分析

• Japan’s prime minister Yoshihiko Noda reshuffled his cabinet on Oct 1st. Makiko Tanaka, whose father is the former Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka( 田中角荣 ). As a pro-china official, she was selected as the Education Minister. Confusingly, Yoshihiko Noda insisted that Senkaku Islands belong to Japan and he gave a speech on UN conference on Sep 27th to all over the world regardless of protests by China.

• Micheal Auslin, an American academic, historian, Japanologist, who published an article on the Foreign Policy these other day.

学会筛选访谈内容

• 学会筛选访谈中有价值的内容引用在文章里• 标准：有新意，跟主题相关性强，表述清晰• 可以是访谈对象的观点，也可以是发生在他们身上的故事• 引用时不要大段复制原话，而要直接引语和间接转述交替使用，

Why? You need to explain his reasoning, not just quoting his saying. 引用他人观点时逻辑要清晰

• Kazuto, a Japanese teacher said the Senkaku/Diaoyu Island problem should be shelved because there is no other good way to solve it. He mentioned that the diplomacy and law can’t handle it , and it’s hard even for the international court of justice.

Seek Evidence to support opinions

• Whether the information you obtained is fresh and convincing:

• “Shige also show me some evidence that China didn’t include Senkaku Islands in its territory from the map made in 1965. ”

• Evidence he show: the borderline drawn on the map from World Map Album, vol.1 - East Asian nations, jointly published the Taiwan's National Defense Studies Institute and the Chinese Institute for Geosciences, 1965

•  www.sdh-fact.com/CL02_1/53_S4.pdf ..

Japanese Evidence

Japanese Evidence

Japanese Stories

• “ 日语老师：我 05 年已经经验了。所以我很知道了这次怎么过，不要和外面讲话，不要去餐厅，晚上出门买东西了，带双节棍出去了，中国人问你是日本人的话，回答 我是韩国人。这次回答我是日本人的人，被殴打了 . ”

• 是呢，我想起来了一件事，我住的酒店里有一间茶馆，这家店的门口挂牌子说“日本人与狗严禁入内”，我好难受。• 就是他去苏州 不知道旅店怎么走 就问一个三轮车司机 然后那个司机说他知道 把他带到一个店里 但不是他说的店 不过也是旅店就是了 然后那个店的老板一个劲的说要带他去喝酒 他推脱不掉 就跟去了 然后被骗去了有小姐的那种酒吧 被坑了两千块

Chinese stories in Japan

• Qiu was worried about whether she would be beaten by Japanese during this tense time. To her surprise, no one blamed her, instead her Japanese boss comfort her. （李颖霞）

• She shared a story with me. One day (after the most serious anti-Japanese parade), about pm10:00, her boss finished his work and was preparing to go home, he saw Minami and come over to her side. “Everything is all right? If something disturb your life, please tell me, don’t make yourself difficult… “. “He asked me very kindly. I was smiling and tell him that everything is ok. All people around me are very nice. ”(罗雅聪）

How to tell a story concisely ?

• Higashijima Mengyi, a 29-year-old Chinese who has been living in Tokyo since 2006 and recently graduated from college, planned to operate a company aiming to help develop the market in China for Japanese enterprises.

• He said that he was the biggest victim among Chinese in Japan on the conflict. Because of the lack of confidence and the consideration about safety, plenty of Japanese enterprises have given up the access into China market for now. Higashijima has to delay his plan, too.

务必介绍访谈对象基本情况

• 务必要介绍访谈对象的基本信息：• 名字，职业，年纪，居住地，以及个人经历与所谈话题有关系的内容• 若非特殊情况必须写全名。

You have to introduce this person more, not just a nickname, but his age, job, place of living!

• Indian think China has great power. "Because they made many things, including military things via their technology, Chinese things are cheaper than others and their economy growth is good" said by "ashu.ec24", an internet user.

务必注明数据等素材来源，避免被视为抄袭，也易于读者对信息可信度作出评估 . 若下次出现类似问题则扣三分。

• Protests broke out in China 3 days later on the weekend, causing damage of Japanese-invested shops and cars, and even lives of several of the innocent owners.

• Many Chinese choose not to use productions which made in Japan, some Japanese companies such as Toyota are about to leave China.

行文力求简洁明了，而非繁复冗余。　

• I think putting slogans like “Japanese and dogs mustn’t come in” is useless and unfair to average Japanese. Insulting is never a method to solve problems. （王敏琳）

用自己的语言来表达，不要生搬硬套其他文章里的内容

• However, the rekindled sovereignty dispute over the Diaoyu islands (Senkaku Islands) had an extremely negative influence on a grand celebration which was in preparation, resulted in a high standard memorial activity which was about to be hold on the Great Hall of the People on Sep 27th was canceled by Chinese government.

• You can simply put it this way: The rekindled sovereignty dispute caused a scheduled grand celebration to be canceled.

写完之后至少检查两遍

• 杜绝低级错误！• 语法、拼写上，把自己作为专业记者来要求。• 以后老师每发现一处，将扣一分。