Chapter 4 Sec 1

British British Proclamation Proclamation Line of 1763. Line of 1763.

No one is allowed west No one is allowed west of Appalachian of Appalachian

MountainsMountains

Costly protection Costly protection against Nativesagainst Natives

BACKLASH!BACKLASH!BACKLASH!BACKLASH!

To pay for England’s debt

• King George III issued a series of acts (policy, laws)

Sugar Act

To raise revenues…

…SUGAR

…MOLASSES

…INDIGO

…COFFEE

B. Sugar Act (1764): England places a tax on sugar, coffee, indigo, and molasses.

Sugar Cane used to make sugar. Sugar used to make molasses. Molasses used to make rum. Rum was one of the most popular and common drinks in the colonies.

Coffee

Q->Q-> What was the extent of Parliament’sWhat was the extent of Parliament’s authority over the colonies?? authority over the colonies??

Absolute?Absolute? OR OR Limited?Limited?

Q->Q-> How could the colonies give or How could the colonies give or withhold consent for withhold consent for parliamentaryparliamentary legislation when they did not legislation when they did not havehave representation in that body?? representation in that body??

Response:Response:Response:Response:

““Taxation without Taxation without representation”representation”

““Taxation without Taxation without representation”representation”

Stamp Act (1765)

Taxes put on all legal

Documents

(direct tax- visible)

...NEWSPAPERS (New York

Gazetteer, Feb. 15, 1775)

...LEGAL DOCUMENTS …PLAYING

CARDS

…DICE

Colonial Response

• Boycott (refuse to buy)

• Violence

• The Sons of Liberty was formed

RESULT:* Parliament (England’s body of government) repealed (void) the Stamp Act.

King George III

Alright, alright! We’ll repeal the Stamp Act! Will that make you

bloody American hooligans happy! Now, end your boycott already!

A to pay for war to pay for war debts, troops - debts, troops - paying govt. salaries. paying govt. salaries.

AIndirect tax- not Indirect tax- not visible- visible- added to the added to the cost of the productcost of the product

A Tax on imports - paper, paint,Tax on imports - paper, paint, lead, glass, tea. lead, glass, tea.

Townshend ActTownshend ActTownshend ActTownshend Act

** “Daughters of Liberty”“Daughters of Liberty”- Boycott goods, made - Boycott goods, made own, smuggling own, smuggling

Colonial ResponseColonial ResponseColonial ResponseColonial Response

• Due to smuggling and protest from the colonists:– The King stationed more troops at Boston

Hey kid, I wouldn’t do that again if I were

you!

1) Boys began to throw ice at a British guard.

2) A crowd soon grew large and rowdy.

3) The British soldiers opened fire, killing five colonists, including Crispus Attucks, a black sailor active in the Sons of Liberty.

Boston Massacre– British attack on defenseless colonist

Tea Act- tax on tea– To save East India Co.

from bankruptcy (British major company)

• Colonist response: Boston Tea Party– Dumped tea into the ocean

• Parliament response:– Passed

Intolerable Act• To punish the

colonist for the Tea party

• Closed all Boston ports

• Martial Law- military control

• Quartering Act- housing of troops

• Colonists response:– Held the First Continental Congress (meeting)– Made military preparation (hid weapons in arsenal)

Minutemen: soldiers ready in a moments notice -They supplied their own weapons and had little military training.

Committees Committees of Correspondenceof Correspondence

PurposePurpose warn warn colonies colonies about about incidents incidents with with BritishBritish

Lexington• A small skirmish that caused 8 minutemen’s lives

British Gen. Thomas Gage– Marched troops

to Concord – “The shot heard

round the world”– British retreated

11. Second Continental Congress (1775): Representatives from the colonies met in Philadelphia to discuss plans.

A. Olive Branch Petition: Sent petition to King George III asking to restore peace. King refuses petition.

B. Continental Army: Created an army to prepare for war under the command of George Washington.

Quiz # 6QUIZ # 4 CH 4

1. An event where colonist dumped tea into the ocean 2. Policy that punished colonists for dumping tea into the

ocean (I A )3. Term for military rule (M L )4. Soldiers ready in a moments notice 5. An event where British troops attack defenseless

citizens (B M )6. Place known as the “shot hear round the world” (C)7. Letter to the King asking for a truce or peace8. Name of the King9. Law where colonists have to house the British troops10. Tax on all paper documents

Ch 4 S 2

12. Battle of Breeds Hill (1775):

Colonists limited supplies, little experiences situated on a hill

•1,500 American troops waited on Breed’s Hill and Bunker Hill.

•2,400 British were coming to take control over the Hills

“Do not shoot until you see the whites of their eyes”

• British outnumbered colonist- won this battle and drove colonist back

• Colonists ran out of ammunition- moral victory- believed they could hold their own if enough supplies are available

It took the British three attempts to force the colonists to retreat

Thomas Paine

• Common Sense– Pamphlet urging Colonist to stand up against

tyranny and claim their independence

• “America’s Destiny”

Patrick Henry• Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased

at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know not what course others may take; but as for me, Give me Liberty, or give me Death!

Thomas Jefferson

Declaration of Independence

• Reason:

– can obtain aid from Britain’s enemies

– if captured can demand to be treated as prisoner not traitors (death penalty)

“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, --That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government”

Three major sections: - preamble- explained the principles behind the act- list of all grievances against the king- conclude with severing ties and becoming independent

– “endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights” “among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness”

– July 4, 1776- colonies seized to exist- USA was born

• Division– Loyalist

• Support king (Crown or monarch)

– Patriots• Support independence

British Advantages (Redcoats) generals had wide

experiences soldiers were well trained More supplies,

ammunition, food, money a strong navies

Disadvantages Supplies not within reach faced with new type of

warfare

American Advantages

(Continental Army)• defending homeland• Know the land• used hit and run tactics• supply within reach• aided by France

Disadvantages:• No navy• Not enough supplies,

food, money

• SECTION I Why the Declaration was written

1. What was the date the Declaration of Independence was signed?

2. What did the Declaration of Independence say was “necessary”?

• SECTION 2 Statement of Basic Human Rights

3. What truths were “self-evident”?

4. What rights did the Creator give to everyone? 

• SECTION 3 Purpose of Government : Safeguard Human Rights

5. Who gives government power to govern/rule?

6. When can a government be changed?

7. What rights do people have when the government becomes destructive?

8. Who has the power to change the government?

9. The purpose of a good government is to do what for the people?

10. Under what condition should the people have the right to overthrow a government?

• SECTION 4 Abuses of Human Rights by the King

11. Who do the colonists believe have abused their human rights?

12. What did the King’s Officers do to the colonists?

13. What is their objection to taxation?

14. In many court cases, what did the King deprived the colonists of?

15. What is the King transporting in the colonies that make him unworthy of the Head of a civilized nation?

• SECTION 5 Colonial Effort to Avoid Separation

16. Before it came to this declaration, the colonists tried to do what to settle their problems?

17. What words tell you that the King did not listen to the complaints of the colonists?

18. Because of the negative responses to settle the problems, the colonists said it was necessary for them to….?

• SECTION 6 Colonies Declare Independence

19. What three things do the colonists declare?

20. What do the signatures on the document mean?

• Declaration of Independence• SECTION I Why the Declaration was

written

1. What was the purpose of the Declaration?

2. What is the intro stating? (sentence 1)• SECTION 2 Statement of Basic Human

Rights

3. Who do the colonists believe to be created equal?

4. What rights did the Creator give to everyone?

•  • SECTION 3 Purpose of Government :

Safeguard Human Rights

5. Who gives government power to govern/rule?

6. When can a government be changed?

7. Who has the power to change the government?

8. The purpose of a good government is to do what for the people?

9. What type of government system is being described?

•  

 • SECTION 4 Abuses of Human Rights by the King

10. Who do the colonists believe have abused their human rights?

11. How many abuses did they list?

12. What # on the list talks about the Stamp Act and the Tea Tax?

13. What is their objection to taxation?•  • SECTION 5 Colonial Effort to Avoid

Separation

14. Before it came to this declaration, the colonists tried to do what to settle their problems?

15. What was the response to the above?

16. Besides the King, who did the colonists plea for help from?

17. Because of the negative responses to settle the problems, the colonists said it was necessary for them to….?

• SECTION 6 Colonies Declare Independence

18. What three things do the colonists declare?

19. What do the signatures on the document mean?

The rifle took a long time to load, compared to the musket. By the time a soldier forced his rifle ball down the barrel, the enemy could get him with a bayonet. Their rifles had no bayonet, a necessity for fighting at close range, or in damp weather when wet flints and gunpowder made firearms useless. Because of these disadvantages, the musket remained the primary weapon used during the Revolutionary War.

Division in the Colonies

• Taxation without Representation

• People are dying (Boston)

• Parliament is to far away (they don’t know us)

• War has broken out at Lexington and Concord!

• Britain is the most powerful empire in the world

• We are first and foremost British subjects

• Our trade will suffer if we leave Britain

• Other nations might attack us if we leave, we’ll be 13 sitting ducks!

We should separate! We are subjects of the KING!

Fort Ticonderoga• The fort valuable for

two reasons:– Within its walls

were cannons and massive amounts of artillery

– It was situated on the strategically important Lake Champlain• It was on the route

between the rebellious Thirteen Colonies and the British-controlled Canada

• Americans seized the fort– Ethan Allen and

Colonel Benedict Arnold captured the fort

Battle of Long Island, New York

• Washington with his poorly armed soldiers unskilled/untrained 23,000

• British had 32,000 plus thousand mercenaries

• US greatly outnumbered- Washington retreat with heavy losses to Delaware

• British captured the city and burned it

• By the year ends- Americans morale was very low

• Thousands began to desert Washington’s army

Battle of Trenton• Washington surprised attacked the Germans mercenaries

(hired to kill)– Crossed iced choked Delaware River– Christmas day -mercenaries were all drunk– Capture 900 mercenaries– Boosted soldiers morale

The Battle of Saratoga:

1. British planned : to divide the North from the South and used the Loyalists to win the South

Burgoyne would march south from Canada to take Albany.

- Gen. St. Leger would march east from the Great Lakes to Albany.

- Gen. Howe would march north from NYC to Albany.

- St. Leger was defeated at Battle of Oriskany. Howe never moved north.

- Burgoyne was on his own and met an American army at Saratoga.

BurgoyneSt. Leger

Howe

Gen. Burgoyne (British) surrender

Turning Point:

Eliminated British from the North

Brought France on American side

• Valley Forge (1777-78)– Soldiers demoralized, hungry, winter- cold– Washington troops whipped into fighting shape

by Friederich von Steuben-– Taught the Continental how to drill, maneuver and use bayonets like

professional soldiers

The Southern StrategyThe Southern Strategy

Loyalist in the South were helping the British

General Nathanial Greene used hit and run tactics

Capture many forts (many Patriots helped)

French aid finally came

• Ben Franklin as American ambassador helped convinced France to help US

• France lend US:– Troops, supplies, navy

The Battle of YorktownThe Battle of Yorktown• US and France surrounded

General Cornwallis – By land and by sea– British surrendered ending the

war

Cornwallis’ Surrender at Cornwallis’ Surrender at Yorktown:Yorktown:

““The World Turned Upside The World Turned Upside Down!” Down!”

Treaty of Paris

• United States of American is now independent

• Gained land east of Mississippi River

CHAPTER 4 SECTION 11a. Stamp Act:

to pay for war debt

b. Colonists response:

boycott

c. British response:

repeal the stamp act

2a. Townshend Act;

To pay for governors salaries, gain revenue

b. Boycott goods, made own, rage, resistance,

c. Stationed 2,000 troops

3a. Tea Act

Save bankruptcy of East Indies Co.

b. Dumping tea into ocean

c. Passed the intolerable act, closed all ports

4a. Intolerable Act

Punish colonies for dumping tea

b. Establish first Continental Congress meeting

c. Marched to Concord to seize weapons

CHAPTER 4 SECTION 3

British Americans were outnumbered and has untrained soldiers

British capture it and burn the city

Who won? Why did they win: Importance:

1. New York

2. Trenton

3. Philadelphia

4. Saratoga