u.s. business needs for employees with international expertise ben l. kedia wang center for...
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U.S. Business Needs for Employees with International Expertise
Ben L. Kedia
Wang Center for International Business Education and Research
The University of Memphis
Shirley Daniel
Center for International Business Education and Research
The University of Hawaii
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Previous Research
International skills and education are important:
• Nehrt (1977): Every manager should have some formal education and training in international business.
• Hoffman and Gopinath (1994) conclude that CEOs perceive international issues as relevant to the success of their firms.
• Moxon, O’Shea, Brown, & Escher (1997). Global awareness and cultural sensitivity are important international skills.
• Webb, Mayer, Pioche and Allen (1999). Business students need international training.
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Previous Research
International skills and education are not so important :
• Kobrin (1984). 72% of executives think international expertise is learned on the job.
• Ball and McCulloch (1993). 78% of executives believe that their employees learn the international aspects of their business on the job.
• Reynolds and Rice (1988). American managers care more about the technical skills of their employees than about their international skills.
• Bikson and Law (1994). Cognitive and social skills and personal traits) are more important to business success than international skills.
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Main Research Questions
• Do US executives believe that international skills are important for the employees that they hire? If so, what types of international knowledge and skills are needed and at what level?
• Do companies provide training programs to their employees that develop international skills, and if so, who are the main providers of such programs?
• In what ways do executives think US business schools should improve with respect to their international business education programs?
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Sample Firms - By Industry
Manufacturing Firm
Service Firm
Retail Firm
Financial Service Firm
Telecommunicationsand/or Internet Firm
Other
42.3%
25.2%
2.7%
6.3%
3.6%
19.8%
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Sample Firms - By Company Size
Less than 500
501 to 5,000
5,001 to 20,000
More than 20,000
54.4%
22.5%
4.5%
13.5%
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International Sales: Percent of Total Sales
27
40
26
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
less than 5% 5%-30% More than 30%
Percentage of Sales that comes from International Business
Num
ber
of R
espo
nden
ts
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Percent of Employees Working in Positions Requiring International Knowledge or Expertise
46
36
17
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
less than 5% 5%-30% More than 30%
Percentage of Employees working in International Activities
Num
ber
of R
espo
nden
ts
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Current Growth of International Activities Compared to Domestic Activities
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Less rapidly
About the same
More rapidly
Cu
rren
t G
row
th o
f In
tern
atio
nal
A
ctiv
itie
s
Percent of Respondents
39
27
34
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Percent of Total Sales Revenue from International Business over Next 10 Years
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
A small % w ill bederived
internationallyly
About the same %w ill be derivedinternationally
A higher % w ill bederived
internationally
% o
f to
tal
Sa
les
th
at
wil
l b
e
De
riv
ed
in
tern
ati
on
all
y
Percent of Respondents
63
18
19
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Supply of International Business Graduates
Is it Difficult to find U.S. Nationals with International Knowledge, Expertise, and/or Language Skills?
No69%
Yes31%
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Future Needs for International Expertise
Will your company place a greater emphasis on international competence among management
and employees over the next ten years?No
22%
Yes78%
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Would Overall Business Increase if More International Expertise were Available on Staff?
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Not at all
Some
A great deal
Percentage of Companies
13
65
22
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Consequences of Not Having International Competence
The failure to fully exploit international business opportunities due to insufficient
internationally competent personnel in the past five years
no70%
yes30%
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How Did the Insufficient International Competence Affect the Firm?
Ways in which Insufficient International Competence Affected Firms:
Percentage of Respondents
Missed marketing/ business opportunities 21%
Failed to recognize important shifts in host country policies toward foreign owned corporations
4%
Suffered from a bias toward a US point of view 15%
Failed to anticipate the needs of int'l customers 13%
Not fully capitalized on expertise available or tech advances occurring abroad
11%
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Effect of 9-11
Reconsidered of International awareness and competence among
staff and line due to terrorism
Yes
25%
No
75%
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Effect of Homeland Security Measures
New federal secutiry measures affected your business
Yes
31%
No
69%
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Current and Future Importance of Regions
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Europe
Asia
Latin America
Middle East
Africa
Reg
ion
s o
f th
e W
orl
d O
uts
ide
the
US
Importance (1 = Not Important; 3 = Of Great Importance)
Future
Current
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Importance of International Expertise for Professional Staff and Line Management
Country socio/econ/political
know ledge
Appreciation for cross-cultural differences
A global perspective
Understanding of local markets/business
practices
International w ork experience
Foreign language skills
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Importance (1= Not Important; 3 = Of Great Importance)
Professional staff Line management
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Importance of International Skills in Professional Staff Positions
Country socio-political knowledge
Appreciation for cross-cultural differences
A global perspective
Understanding of local markets/business practices
International work experience
Foreign language skills
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
Inte
rnat
ion
al S
kills
Importance (0 = Not Important; 1 = Important)
Management Level
Entry Level
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Importance of International Skills in Line Positions
Country socio-political know ledge
Appreciation for cross-cultural differences
A global perspective
Understanding of local markets/business practices
International w ork experience
Foreign language skills
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
Inte
rna
tio
na
l Sk
ills
Importance (0 = Not Important; 1 = Important)
Management Level
Entry Level
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Importance to Improve International Business Education
1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Emphasis on exchangeprograms
Mandatory foreignlanguage
Emphasis on learningabout other world areas
Stronger internationalemphasis in curricula
Academic outreach tobusinesses
Creation of databankson int'l resources
Typ
es o
f Im
pro
vem
ent
Importance (1 = Not Important; 3 = Of Great Importance)
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Questions?
Mahalo
(Thank you)