urdu resource grammar
TRANSCRIPT
7/25/2019 Urdu Resource Grammar
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!" $%&" '()*+& ,*-) .&/()*+& 0*1221*
!"#$%#& ( )*+,
-./#+&0.1& 2$ 3//4*.5 67
81*9.+:*&; 2$ <2&".1=>+?
9*+,@A"#40.+:B:.
(>"#00#5 C>0#;2>1
D#=2+#&2+; 2$ (#&"0#EA:
81*9.+:*&; 2$ !#92*.
0">0#@>1*9F:#92*.B$+
3#+1. G#1&#
-./#+&0.1& 2$ H! I J1?
81*9.+:*&; 2$ <2&".1=>+?
##+1.@A"#40.+:B:.
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341"
! 5"6*(-)+7("
– ,*-) 81"9)19&
– 0*12217+14 :*12&;(*< =0:>
!
,*-) .&/()*+& 0*1221*
– ?(*%@(4(9A
–
'A"61B
!
!C&2%6( =!" !%%4D+17(" 0*1221*>! :)6)*& E(*<
! F)&/7("/
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,*-) 81"9)19&
! 5"-(GH)*(%&1" 5"-(G5*1"D1" 5"-(G!*A1" I12D4A
! ED-&4A /%(<&" D" /()6@ !/D1
! J4(/&4A *&416&- 6( KD"-D
- 3@("(4(9AL 2(*%@(4(9AL /A"61B 1"- -1AG6(G
-1A M(+1N)41*AO- PDQ&*/ +("/D-&*1N4A D" 6@&D* /+*D%6 1"-
/+@(41*4A ;*D7"9/
- ,*-) D/ ;*DC&" D" 1 3&*/(G!*1ND+ /+*D%6I*(2 *D9@6 6( 4&RS ;@&*&1/ KD"-D D/ ;*DC&"D" P&M1"191*D /+*D%6 I*(2 4&R 6( *D9@6O
!
,*-)GKD"-D 6(9&6@&*- $"& (I 6@& 2(/6 ;D-&4A /%(<&" 41"9)19& D"
6@& ;(*4- ;D6@ TLUTVLWXULUUU /%&1<&*/=Y17M& Z /&+("- 41"9)19&L 1R&* J@D"&/& .1@21"L WUU[>
\*1@)D 41"9)19& D/ /%(<&" D" 31<D/61"L 1"- D/ P*1MD-D1"
3D+6)*& I*(2 9((94&
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0*12217+14 :*12&;(*< =0:>
! ! 6((4 I(* ;(*<D"9 ;D6@ 9*1221*/
! 3*(9*122D"9 41"9)19& I(* ;*D7"9 9*1221*/
! ! ")2N&* (I 2)474D"9)14 6&B6 9&"&*17("
1%%4D+17("/ =3@*1/&N((<L!C&2%6(LE&N!46
&6+> @1M& N&&" -&M&4(%&- )/D"9 0: 1"-](* 0:
*&/()*+& 4DN*1*A
(Grammatical Framework, Ranta 2004)
http://www.grammaticalframework.org/
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8&M&4/ (I 0: 0*1221*/
! 0: 0*1221*/ @1M& 6;( 4&M&4/
–
!N/6*1+6 'A"61B
– J("+*&6& 'A"61B
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!N/6*1+6 'A"61B
! P&^"&/ 1 /&6 (I J16&9(*D&/_ 1"- `*&& N)D4-D"9
I)"+7("/
! 5"-&%&"-&"6 (I 41"9)19&
!
J(22(" 6( 144 41"9)19&/
*Term Category is used to model different parts of speech
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!N/6*1+6 'A"61B
! J16&9(*D&/
–
+16 JY
–
+16 Y3
–
+16 ! –
+16 !3
– +16 aW
! :)"+7("/
– I)" 3(/D6! b ! Gc !3 S GG N41+<
– I)" !-dJY b !3 G c JY G c JY S GG N41+< +16
–
I)" J(2%4 b aW Gc Y3 Gc a3 S GG &16/ N*&1-
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J("+*&6& 'A"61B
! J("61D"/ 4D"&1*De17(" *)4&/ I(* +16&9(*D&/ 1"-
6*&&/
! 81"9)19& -&%&"-&"6
!
H1+@ 41"9)19& @1/ D6/ (;" +("+*&6& /A"61B
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J("+*&6& 'A"61B f,*-)g
! J16&9(*D&/
- 4D"+16 JY h i/ b Y)2N&* hc J1/& hc '6* S 9 b 0&"-&*j S
- 4D"+16 !3h i /b Y)2N&* hc 0&"-&* hc J1/& hc P&9*&& hc '6* jS
! :)"+7("/
– 3(/D6! 1 h 1 S
– 4D" !-dJY 1% +" h i
/ h kk"L+ hc 1%O/ l " l +"O9 l + l 3(/D6 ZZ +"O/ l " l + S
9 h +"O9
j S
– J(2%4 MW "% h "% ZZ MW S =N*&1- &16L *ʋʈ Db <ʰ161L !"#$%&%'( >
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J("+*&6& 'A"61B f,*-)g
! J16&9(*D&/
- 4D"+16 JY h i/ b Y)2N&* hc J1/& hc '6* S 9 b 0&"-&*j S
- 4D"+16 !3h i /b Y)2N&* hc 0&"-&* hc J1/& hc P&9*&& hc '6* jS
! :)"+7("/
– 3(/D6! 1 h 1 S
– 4D" !-dJY 1% +" h i
/ h kk"L+ hc 1%O/ l " l +"O9 l + l 3(/D6 ZZ +"O/ l " l + S
9 h +"O9
j S
– J(2%4 MW "% h "% ZZ MW S =N*&1- &16L *ʋʈ Db <ʰ161L !"#$%&%'( >
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J("+*&6& 'A"61B fH"94D/@g
! J16&9(*D&/ – 4D"+16 JY h i/ b Y)2N&* hc J1/& hc '6* S 9 b 0&"-&*j S
– 4D"+16 !3 h i/ b !9* hc '6* S D/3*& b \((4j S
! :)"+7("/
–
3(/D6! 1 h i / h kkm hc 1O/ l !!-d 3(/D6 Y(2 S D/3*& h *̀)&j S
– !-dJY 1% +" h i
/ h kk"L+ hc %*&$*3(/6 1%OD/3*& =1%O/ l 19*93n " +"O9> =+"O/ l " l +> S
9 h +"O9
j S
- J(2%4 MW "% h MW ZZ "% S &16 N*&1-
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`A%&/ (I 0*1221*/
! .&/()*+& 0*1221*/
! !%%4D+17("/ 0*1221*/
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.&/()*+& 0*1221*/
! 0&"&*14 %)*%(/& 9*1221*/ 6@16 +(M&* 9&"&*14
1/%&+6/ (I 1 41"9)19& 4D"9)D/7+144A
! .&/()*+& 9*1221*/ &"+(-&/ /A"61+7+ I&16)*&/
(I 41"9)19&
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!%%4D+17(" 0*1221*/
! `A%D+144A 4D2D6&- 6( /%&+D^+ -(21D"/
! H"+(-& /&21"7+ /6*)+6)*&/
! J1" )/& *&/()*+& 9*1221*/ 1/ 4DN*1*D&/
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,*-) .&/()*+& 0*1221*
! ! *&/()*+& 9*1221* +("/D/6/ (I
– 8&BD+("
– 0*1221*
!
0: 4DN*1*A +)**&"64A @1/ *&/()*+& 9*1221*/ I(*To 41"9)19&/
! ,*-) D/ Tp6@ D" 6(614 1"- ^*/6 '()6@ !/D1"
41"9)19&! !42(/6 WVUU 4D"&/ (I +(-& 1"- -&M&4(%2&"6
72& D/ 142(/6 /&M&" 2("6@/
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8&BD+("
! `&/6 8&BD+(" (I noU E(*-/
! !42(/6 TUU '6*)+6)*14 E(*-/ =J4(/&- E(*- J16&9(*&A>
! `@& *)4&/ (I -&^"D"9 ,*-) 2(*%@(4(9A 1*&
N(**(;&- I*(2 =K)21A()" &6 &4 WUUp>
- !" ,*-) 2(*%@(4(9A ;1/ -&M&4(%&- D" K1/<&44
)/D"9 :)"+7("14 2(*%@(4(9A 6((4<D6
- Y(; ;& @1M& -&M&4(%&- D" 0:
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?(*%@(4(9A Z 'A"61B
! Y()"/ 1"- Y()" 3@*1/&/
! a&*N/ 1"- a&*N 3@*1/&/
! !-d&+7M&/ 1"- !-d&+7M14 3@*1/&/
!
J41)/&/
! '&"6&"+&/
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,*-) Y()"/
! ,*-) Y()"/ D"q&+6 D"
-
Y)2N&* ='D"9)41*L 34)*14>
-
J1/& =PD*&+6L $N4Dr)&L a(+17M&>
!
5"@&*&"6 0&"-&*
Y()" h i/ b Y)2N&* hc J1/& hc '6* S 9 b 0&"-&*j
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,*-) Y()"/
! ,*-) Y()"/ D"q&+6 D"- Y)2N&* ='D"9)41*L 34)*14>
- J1/& =PD*&+6L $N4Dr)&L a(+17M&>
!
5"@&*&"6 0&"-&*Y()" h i/ b Y)2N&* hc J1/& hc '6* S 9 b 0&"-&*j
E&_ @1M& -DMD-&- Y()"/ D"6( To -DQ&*&"6 9*()%/L
N1/&- (" @(; 6@&A &"-L 1"- 6@&*& D/ ("& 9*()%
I(* ;(*/6 +1/&O
-*+.A& K=4*%>. )2A#E9.
'D"9)41*4.<1%()*
4.<H+()*
4.<H+()*
34)*14 4.<H+()*
4.<;Y,-()*
4.<; -()*
PDQ&*&"6 :(*2/ (I Y()" s\(As
_ K)21A()" &6 &4 WUUp
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Y()" 3@*1/&/
=?> K =?>
!" $ %&'( ) *+ $ !",-+( ). /01 2 - $ 3415 2
! !",-+( ) !", ,-+( 6 !"714 6 !"389 6 !":;+6 !"<=>? 6 !"<=>@2
-
Y3H*9b H*917M& +1/& ;D6@ +1/& 21*<&* t"&b "#s- Y3!N4b !N417M& ;D6@ +1/& 21*<&* t/&b "$s
- Y35"/b 5"/6*)2&"614 +1/& ;D6@ +1/& 21*<&* t/&b"$s
- Y38(+Tb 8(+17M& +1/& ;D6@ +1/& 21*<&* t2Db ɳ %&'s
-
Y38(+Wb 8(+17M& +1/& ;D6@ +1/& 21*<&* t%* ()s
LMJ+?N4G,J 1.N ,&#= O+;5;7". =2; =2>?"&=22,B
Y3!N4b4.<H /&b <61N 4<@GA 9AA`@& N((< ;1/ ;*DC&"
NA N(AOY35"/b4.<H "H %"/4 /&b 4<@G1`@& N(A ;*(6& ;D6@%&"+D4O
Y38(+Tb4.<1 <2*H 2Db ɳ @H`@& N(A D/ D" 6@&
*((2O
Y38(+Wbu61N 2Av %* @H`@& N((< D/ (" 6@&61N4&O
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a&*N/
! ,*-) a&*N D"q&+6/ D"- 0&"-&* =?1/+)4D"&L :&2D"D"&>
- Y)2N&* ='D"9)41*L 34)*14>
- 3&*/(" =:D*/6L '&+("- i+1/)14LI12D4D1*L*&/%&+w)44j L`@D*- i"&1*L-D/61"6j>
-
`&"/& =')Nd)"+7M&L 3&*I&+7M&L 52%&*I&+7M&>
a&*N h i/ b a&*N:(*2 hc '6*j
a&*N:(*2 h a: a`&"/& ,3&*/(" Y)2N&* 0&"-&*
x 5"I
x .((6
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a&*N/a: ')Nd 3&*/T '9 ?1/+ hc <@G1;yY ,#%'(
a: ')Nd 3&*/T '9 :&2 hc <@G1;yY ,#%'(
a: ')Nd 3&*/T 34 ?1/+ hc <@G1AyY /01%'(
a: ')Nd 3&*/T 34 :&2 hc <@G1AyY /01%'(
a: ')Nd 3&*/WmJ1/)14 '9 ?1/+ hc <@G1 %'(
a: ')Nd 3&*/WmJ1/)14 '9 :&2 hc <@G1 %'(
a: ')Nd 3&*/WmJ1/)14 34 ?1/+ hc <@G1;y #%'( a: ')Nd 3&*/WmJ1/)14 34 :&2 hc <@G1;y #%'(
zzzzzzzz
zzzzzzzz
a: 52%&*I 3&*/T '9 ?1/+ hc <@G161 %&%'(
a: 52%&*I 3&*/T '9 :&2 hc <@G16A !&%'(
a: 52%&*I 3&*/T 34 ?1/+ hc <@G16H +&%'( a: 52%&*I 3&*/T 34 ?1/+ hc <@G16AY /0&%'(
zzzzzzzz
zzzzzzzz
5"I hc <@G1"1 %2%'(
.((6 hc <@G1 %'(
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a&*N 3@*1/&/
a3K b `A%& h i
/ b a3K:(*2 hc i^"L D"I b '6*j S
(Nd b i/ b '6* S 1 b !9*j S
M`A%& b a`A%& S
+(2% b !9* hc '6*S
&2NJ(2%b '6*S
1- b '6*S
j S
)MCP2+0 Q)M7.1:. )MM7.1:. 3?+R )MG.% CD.9.4R )M!&.0
3`&"/& h
a33*&/xa331/6xa3:)6*
K8&M&4 h`)x`)2x!%
xY&)6*
a`A%& h a5"6*1"/ x a`*1"/ xa`*1"/3(/6
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a&*N 3@*1/&/
a3K b `A%& h i
/ b a3K:(*2 hc i^"L D"I b '6*j S
(Nd b i/ b '6* S 1 b !9*j S
M`A%& b a`A%& S
+(2% b !9* hc '6*S
&2NJ(2% b '6*S
1- b '6*S
j S
!
/b i^" b J(%)41
D"I b 1+6)14 I(*2 (I M&*Nj
! (Ndb (Nd&+6 (I 6@& M&*N
! M`A%& b `A%& (I M&*NL ;D44 N&
)/&- D" H*917MD6A! +(2%b J(2%4&2&"6 (I M&*N
! &2NJ(2%b ,/&- D" +1/& (I
&2N&-&- /&"6&"+&/
!
1-b 1-M&*N
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a&*N 3@*1/&/
K& /1A/ 6@16 /@& *)"/O
+3 !&4#5 6# 7( +3 %89( 6#
'@& ;1"6/ 6( *)"
+3 !83%: %24#5 6#
Noun ++ VP.obj ++ VP.adverb ++ VP.complement ++ VP.verb++ VP.copula
K& /1A/ 6@16 /@& *)"/O
6#+3 !&4#5 6# 7( +3 %89(
'@& ;1"6/ 6( *)"O
+3
!83%:
%24#5
6#
Noun ++ VP.obj ++ VP.adverb ++ VP.complement ++ VP.verb ++ VP.copula ++
VP.embComp
+3
%89(
6#
+3
!&4#5
6#
7( +3 !83%: %24#5 6#
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!-d&+7M&/
! ,*-) !-d&+7M&/ D"q&+6 D"
- Y)2N&* ='D"9)41*L34)*14>
- 0&"-&* =?1/+)4D"&L:&2D"D"&>
-
J1/& =PD*&+6L$N4Dr)&La(+17M&>
-
P&9*&& =3(/D6LJ(2%1* L')%&*4>
!-d&+7M& h i /b Y)2N&* hc 0&"-&* hc J1/& hc P&9*&& hc
'6* jS
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!-d&+7M14 3@*1/&/
!3 h i /b Y)2N&* hc 0&"-&* hc J1/& hc P&9*&& hc '6* jS
'9 ?1/ PD* 3(/D6 hc <141 ;<%(
'9 ?1/ PD* J(2%1* hc N@6 <141 ;<%( =9>
'9 ?1/ PD* ')%&*4 hc /N /H <141 ;<%(
+?
@?
zzzzzzz
zzzzzzz
'9 :&2 PD* 3(/D6 hc <14A !*%(
'9 :&2 PD* J(2%1* hc N@6 <14A !*%(
=9>
'9 :&2 PD* ')%&*4 hc /N /H <14A !*%( +? @?
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J41)/&/
J41)/& b `A%& h i/ b a3K`&"/& hc 3(41*D6A hc $*-&* hc '6*j S-
a3K`&"/& h
a30&"3*&/
x a331/6'D2%4&
x a3:)6
x a3J("63*&/
x a3J("631/6
x a3J("6:)6
x a33&*I3*&/
x a33&*I31/6
x a33&*I:)6
x a33&*I3*&/J("6
x a33&*I31/6J("6
x a33&*I:)6J("6
x a3')Nd
- "=9-1A0& ) "=+ 6 !(4 2
- B1C(1 ) BDA1 6 BEF(+0 2
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'&"6&"/&/
!
' h i/ b '6*j
! ,/&J4 b &̀2% Gc 3(4 Gc J4 Gc '
,/&J4 6&2% % +4 h
i / h +1/& {6&2%O6L6&2%O1c (I i
{3*&/L'D2)4c hc 6&2%O/ ZZ %O/ ZZ +4O/ l a30&"3*&/ l %O% l $PD*S
{3*&/L!"6&*c hc 6&2%O/ ZZ %O/ ZZ +4O/ l a33&*I3*&/ l %O% l $PD*S{31/6L'D2)4c hc 6&2%O/ ZZ %O/ ZZ +4O/ l a352%31/6 l %O% l $PD*S
{31/6L!"6&*c hc 6&2%O/ ZZ %O/ ZZ +4O/ l a33&*I31/6 l %O% l $PD*S
{:)6L'D2)4c hc 6&2%O/ ZZ %O/ ZZ +4O/ l a3:)6 l %O% l $PD*S
{:)6L!"6&*c hc 6&2%O/ ZZ %O/ ZZ +4O/ l a33&*I:)6 l %O% l $PD*S
{J("-L'D2)4c hc 6&2%O/ ZZ %O/ ZZ +4O/ l a3')Nd l %O% l $PD*S
{J("-L!"6&*c hc 6&2%O/ ZZ %O/ ZZ +4O/ l a3')Nd l %O% l $-D*j
j
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H*917MD6A
!
:D"14 M&*N 19*&&2&"6 D/ ;D6@ -D*&+6 /)Nd&+7M& &B+&%6
D" 6@& 6*1"/D7M& %&*I&+7M& 6&"/&
! 5" 6*1"/D7M& %&*I&+7M& 6&"/& M&*N 19*&&2&"6 D/ ;D6@
-D*&+6 (Nd&+6
0D*4 16& 1%%4& a' 0D*4 16& N*&1-O
+2
!()*
%1%'(
@0? +2
!()*A%'(
!"#$
4ɽ <Db "&b *ʋʈ Db <ʰ1Db a' 4ɽ <Db "&b /DbN <ʰ1Db1
i:&2b !"#$ L:&2b %&'( j i?1/+b )*+ L?1/+b &,&'( j
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H*917MD6A
2<J41)/& b Y3 Gc a3K Gc J41)/& h k"%LM% Gc i
/ h kkM6LNL(*- hc
4&6
/)Nd19* b Y3J1/& _ !9* h +1/& M6 (I i
a331/6 hc +1/& M%O/)Nd (I i
=a6*1"/x a`*1"/3(/6> hc {Y3H*9L M%O(NdO1c S
m hc {Y3J PD*L "%O1c
j S
m hc {Y3J PD*L "%O1c
j S
zzzzzzzzzzzzzz
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!C&2%6(
!
! 9*1221* I(* J("6*(44&- 81"9)19&
! 52%4&2&"6&- I(* H"94D/@ 6@&" ;1/ %(*6&- 6(
:D""D/@L :*&"+@L 0&*21"L 5614D&"L ';&-D/@
!
3(*6&- 6( ,*-)
Attempto Home Page : http://attempto.ifi.uzh.ch/site/
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:)6)*& E(*<
!
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7/25/2019 Urdu Resource Grammar
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/urdu-resource-grammar 34/34
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