URBANIZATIONURBANIZATIONWith much help from Pam Rogers (almost Ph.

D)

What is Settlement?What is Settlement?

How should we define How should we define settlement for our settlement for our purposes in this class?purposes in this class?

Is this “Settlement?”Is this “Settlement?”

Settlement…Settlement…

Figure it out yourself!Figure it out yourself!

List some good things List some good things about collecting ourselves about collecting ourselves into larger groups of into larger groups of PERMANENT settlements.PERMANENT settlements.

Must not have been good Must not have been good enoughenough

How do we choose a How do we choose a specific site?specific site?

What makes one place What makes one place better than another for better than another for settlement?settlement?

Proximity to a ResourceProximity to a Resource

SITESITE CharacteristicsCharacteristics– the – the physical/natural characteristics physical/natural characteristics (rocky, fertile, forest) and exact (rocky, fertile, forest) and exact location of the community itself. location of the community itself. Ask: “Where is it?”Ask: “Where is it?”

   Ie:  on the coast, at the junction of Ie:  on the coast, at the junction of

two rivers, in a valley, on a bay, in two rivers, in a valley, on a bay, in the mountains the mountains

SITUATION CharacteristicsSITUATION Characteristics – refers to – refers to the features of the region that surround the features of the region that surround the specific settlement.  The situation may the specific settlement.  The situation may include factors such as economic include factors such as economic capability, climatic conditions, relation to capability, climatic conditions, relation to other central places, transportation and other central places, transportation and direction.  The situation includes a much direction.  The situation includes a much larger area than does the site. Ask: larger area than does the site. Ask: What What is it like?”is it like?”

   Ie:  accessible by water, NW of the river, Ie:  accessible by water, NW of the river,

west of Toronto, rich in fertile soil, west of Toronto, rich in fertile soil, protected by high mountainsprotected by high mountains

Caracas, VenezuelaCaracas, Venezuela

CASE STUDY!!!!CASE STUDY!!!!Natural Resources and Land QualityNatural Resources and Land Quality

Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution

GROWTHGROWTH

Urban populations grow in two ways: Urban populations grow in two ways: natural increase (more births than deaths)natural increase (more births than deaths)

improved food supplies improved food supplies better sanitationbetter sanitation advances in medical care advances in medical care

Immigration Immigration the largest source growththe largest source growth caused both by caused both by push factorspush factors that force people that force people

out of the country and by out of the country and by pull factorspull factors that that draw them into the city.draw them into the city.

Push FactorsPush Factors The "surplus" population is forced to The "surplus" population is forced to

migrate to cities in search for jobs, food, migrate to cities in search for jobs, food, and housing. In some places, economic and housing. In some places, economic forces or political, racial, or religious forces or political, racial, or religious conflicts drive people out of their homes. conflicts drive people out of their homes.

Rural to Urban - ExamplesRural to Urban - Examples

The UN estimated that in 1992 at least 10 The UN estimated that in 1992 at least 10 million people fled their native country and million people fled their native country and that another 30 or 40 million were internal that another 30 or 40 million were internal refugees within their own country, refugees within their own country, displaced by political, economic, or social displaced by political, economic, or social instability.instability.

http://www.lhup.edu/smarvel/Seminar/FALL_2000/albernaz/albernaz.htm

Pull FactorsPull Factors

Even in the most chaotic cities, many people Even in the most chaotic cities, many people are there by choice, attracted by the are there by choice, attracted by the excitement, vitality, and opportunity to meet excitement, vitality, and opportunity to meet others like themselves. others like themselves.

The most important thing to them is that cities The most important thing to them is that cities offer jobs, housing, entertainment, and offer jobs, housing, entertainment, and freedom from the constraints of village freedom from the constraints of village traditions. Possibilities exist in the city for traditions. Possibilities exist in the city for upward social mobility, prestige, and power upward social mobility, prestige, and power not available in the country not available in the country

http://www.lhup.edu/smarvel/Seminar/FALL_2000/albernaz/albernaz.htm

Settlement Bad?Settlement Bad? Lack/Overuse of resourcesLack/Overuse of resources Miss-use of resourcesMiss-use of resources Want (you lack a resource) + Want (you lack a resource) +

Anonymity (you MIGHT get away Anonymity (you MIGHT get away with shenanigans) = deviance with shenanigans) = deviance (crime)(crime)

Laws necessary Laws necessary PollutionPollution Logistical management challengesLogistical management challenges

Emile Durkheim Emile Durkheim

Sociologist who studied crime, deviance, Sociologist who studied crime, deviance, suicide, division of labour in societysuicide, division of labour in society

Theory: Theory: AnomieAnomie – when societies become highly – when societies become highly

specialized and complex, there is greater specialized and complex, there is greater chance for people to feel like they do not chance for people to feel like they do not have a place in society. Norms and morals have a place in society. Norms and morals are lost by those who do not fit into this are lost by those who do not fit into this complex system of labour. complex system of labour.

Urban Sprawl Urban Sprawl

The spreading of urban developments (houses and shopping centers) on undeveloped land near a city

Shanty towns

Cape Town, South Africa Cape Town, South Africa

Zamboanga , PhilippinesZamboanga , Philippines

Manila, Philippines Manila, Philippines

Manila ContinuedManila Continued

Cairo, EgyptCairo, Egypt

Cairo, Egypt (8 million)Cairo, Egypt (8 million)