urban transportation in turkey•bosphorus crossing section: 2013, 1.3 billion €, 13.5 km...
TRANSCRIPT
URBAN TRANSPORTATION in
TURKEY
Faruk Cirit Transport Specialist
Ministry of Development Transportation, Energy and Logistics Department
OUTLINE
1. Urbanization in the world
2. Urbanization in Turkey
3. Urban Transportation in Turkey
4. Urban Transportation Projects and Best Practices
1. URBANIZATION IN THE WORLD
Urban and Rural Population
Urban and rural population in the world, 1950-2050
Source: UN
Urban Population and Cities
Growth of world cities of all sizes, 1990-2030
Source: UN
2. URBANIZATION IN TURKEY
Urban and Rural Population
17,8 20,9
27,8
35,6
44,7
56,5
67,8
73,7
4,3 5,2 8,9
13,7
19,6
33,3
44,0
56,2
13,5 15,7
18,9 21,9
25,1 23,1 23,8
17,5
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Po
pu
lati
on
Millions
Years
Population of Urban and Rural Population, 1940-2010
Total Population Urban Population Rural Population
Source: TURKSTAT
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
25% 32% 38% 44%
59% 65%
76% 75% 68% 62% 56%
41% 35% 24%
Proportion of Urban and Rural Population in Turkey, 1950-2010
Urban Rural
Source: TURKSTAT
Urban and Rural Population
Motor Vehicle Stock in Turkey
370
18.829
138
9.858
232
8.971
0
2.000
4.000
6.000
8.000
10.000
12.000
14.000
16.000
18.000
20.000
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2014
Nu
mb
er
of
Veh
icle
s
Thousands Number of Motor Vehicles in Turkey, 1970-2014
Total Cars OthersSource: TURKSTAT
3. URBAN TRANSPORTATION IN TURKEY
Institutional Duties and Responsibilities
Local Authorities Municipalities
• Preparation of Urban Transport Master Plans (UTMP) and urban transport projects
• Providing all kinds of public transport services
• Implementing transport infrastructure via central budget, tax revenues or foreign credits
Central/Governmental Authorities Ministry of Transportation, Maritime Affairs and Communications (MoT)
• Development of urban transport policies
• Appraisal and approval of UTMPs and urban rail projects (technical aspects)
Ministry of Development • Preparation of national development plans and annual investment programs
• Appraisal and approval of urban transport projects (financial and economic aspects)
Undersecretariat of Treasury • Approval of foreign credit agreements
Approval Process of Urban Transport Projects
• Basic procedure for project evaluation and approval process according to project financing method.
A. Projects to be financed by foreign credit
1. Municipality proposes project to the Ministry of Development (MoD) for approval.
2. If approved, project is added to the Annual Investment Program.
3. Municipality sends credit agreements to the Treasury and apply for approval.
4. If approved, municipality signs credit aggreements and starts tendering process for the project.
B. Projects to be financed by national budget
1. Municipality proposes project to the Ministry of Transportation (MoT).
2. If approved, MoT proposes project to the High Planning Council (HPC) for authorization.
3. If approved, by the HPC, the project is added to the Investment Program.
4. MoT starts tendering process for the project
Main Issues and Problems in Urban Transportation in Turkey
• Rapid urbanization and population growth in urban areas • Infrastructure lag behind dramatically increasing passenger demand
• Lack of well-designed urban transportation plans • Unintegrated transport and land use plans
• Car dependent transport planning in most cities
• Traffic congestion especially in big cities
• Unregulated paratransit systems
• Lack of human-friendly designed infrastructure
• Lack of well-defined institutional structure • Poor coordination between local and central institutions
• Legislative gap for effective and sustainable urban transportation
• Lack of experienced human capital (in both central and local authorities)
Main Urban Transportation Policies in Turkey
There are 2 main policy documents; • 10th National Development Plan, 2014-2018 (MoD)
• Transportation and Communication Strategy, 2011-2023 (MoT)
Selected main policies; • Coordination between institutions will be strengthened.
• Legislation for urban transportation will be prepared.
• Public transportation services will be enhanced.
• IT and ITS will be efficiently utilized in traffic management and public transport services.
• Non-motorised transport modes will be supported.
• Demand-Oriented Transportation planning will be promoted over Car-Dependent planning.
• Parking management systems will be put into effect
Main Urban Transportation Policies in Turkey
Selected main policies; • Taking passenger demand into account public transport systems will be prioritized.
• Bus systems will be the main preference, and in the routes where these are insufficient, rail transit systems will be preferred.
• For the approval of rail transit systems minimum levels (thresholds) of peak passenger demand per hour per direction (phd) in the most crowded section will be considered as;
7,000 phd for tramway systems,
10,000 phd for light rail systems,
15,000 phd for metro systems.
4. URBAN TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS AND BEST PRACTICES
Rail Transit Systems
292
477
607
787
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
2006 2013 2015 2018*
LEN
GT
H (
KM
)
YEARS
Urban Rail Line Network in Turkey
* Expected
11
14
16
21
26
34
40
48
93
98
206
18
10
81
57
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Antalya
Adana
Samsun
Gaziantep
Konya
Kayseri
Eskişehir
Bursa
Ankara
İzmir
İstanbul
LENGTH (KM)
CIT
Y
Urban Rail Line Network in Cities* (2015)
Existing
Under Construction
* Suburban rail lines included
Existing Rail System Projects
İstanbul Kadıköy-Kartal-Kaynarca Metro Line • 1.5 billion € cost, 25.9 km line+144 trains
• 4.4 km Kartal-Kaynarca section (early 2016)
• Traffic: 300k/day
Existing Rail System Projects
İstanbul Marmaray Project • Bosphorus Crossing Section: 2013, 1.3 billion €, 13.5 km
• Commuter Rail Section: 2019, 1.3 billion €, 63 km
• Rolling Stock: 585 million €, 440 trains
• Consultancy: 150 million €
• Total Cost: 3.3 billion €
• Expected Traffic: 1 million pax/day
• Realised Traffic: 170k pax/day
• Expected Benefits: Rail connection between two continents
Integration of urban rail network in Istanbul
Time saving, energy efficient, clean
Decrease in road traffic
Rail Systems Under Construction
• İstanbul Üsküdar-Ümraniye-Dudullu Metro Line
760 m € cost, 20 km line+126 trains, scheduled for early 2016.
• İstanbul Kabataş-Mahmutbey Metro Line
1.6 billion € cost, 24,5 km line+300 trains, scheduled for late 2018.
• Ankara Metro Lines
1.1 billion € cost, 44 km line+324 trains, partially in servive, scheduled for late 2016.
• İzmir Konak and Karşıyaka Tram Lines
132 m € cost, 22,7 km line + 38 trains, scheduled for 2017.
Public-Private-Partnership Project
İstanbul Eurasia Tunnel Project (BOT) • Length: 14.6 km highway tunnel
5.4 km is a two-story tunnel underneath the seabed
9.2 km road expansion and improvement
• Cost: 1.3 billion US $, scheduled for 2016
• Toll rate: 4 US $+VAT
• Traffic Guaranteed: 25 million cars annually, (68.500 vehicles daily)
• Construction Period: 4 years 7 months
• Operation Period: 25 years 11 months
• Travel time saving: 100 min to 15 min
İstanbul Eurasia Tunnel Project
Cycling Projects
Konya Cycling Project • 42 stations, 500 bicycles, 240 km dedicated bicycle roads.
• About 4% share in total daily trips.
• 2023 target: 1000 km bicycle roads.
Intelligent Transport Systems Projects
İzmir Intelligent Traffic Management System Project • Cost about 20 millions of Euro
• Includes implementation of; Traffic Control Center
Traffic sensors and cameras
Traffic information system (web, mobile apps etc.)
Parking management and guidance systems
Electronic traffic control systems
Pedestrian info systems for disabled citizens.
