urban renewal : how to make a comparison between different approachs case studies : france, italy...
TRANSCRIPT
URBAN RENEWAL :
HOW TO MAKE A COMPARISON BETWEEN DIFFERENT APPROACHS
case studies : France, Italy and Spain
COST C21
Dr. Chantal BERDIER Assistant professor
INSA de Lyon UMR - CNRS 5600
GCU - EDU Belfast, May 2006
THE FRENCH APPROACH
• In France, urban renewal policy usually applies to high-rise flats.
• This is not the case in other European countries.
URBAN RENEWAL IN FRANCE
• Hypothesis : good living conditions can be created only after demolition.
• Overcrowded regions must be dispersed to create good living conditions.
• Rarely, are historical centers affected.
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FRENCH HIGH-RISE flats:
- Theory: functionalism
- Form : high-rise flats, buildings without roads
- Isolation, breaking the social fabric
- Functional requirements dictate habitat
- Construction period : from 1950 to 1970
- Role of the state
- Public spaces neglected
- Industrial techniques of building
FRENCH URBAN RENEWAL / THE HIGH - RISE flats QUESTION
« Difficult » neighbourhood in every city
Segregation, trapped populations
Social pathologies, violences, crime…
Economic disaster
Disfunction of public facilities
4 million social housing units in high-rise
flatss
5000 housing units destroy per year
New professional practices
ACTUAL SITUATION
From 1955 to 1972
Crisis of housing, need to build new housing urgently
A strong state, centralized,Willing to fund
functionalist theory
Flourishing economy hope of modernizingIncreasing growth to achieve a rational
society
Achieve economies of scale in thebuilding industry
High-rise flats
building
From 1980 to 1990
need to equip high-rise estate
Decentralisation
Absence of urbanistic theory
Low economicgrowth
social sponsors hope for a unified and happyover stretched society
HIGH - RISE flats
REHABILITATION
1990’s : - The functionalism doesn’t function- The rehabilitation hasn’t rehabilitated- Segregation persists
District centre
second
crown
Since 1990
Need of urbanity
DecentralisationRecentralisation
Urban plantheory
Lower growtheconomy
State financing Hope for a sustainable society
Demolition
Reconstruction
URBAN RENEWAL
ITALIAN AND SPANISH APPROACHES
URBAN RENAWAL OR THE HISTORICAL CENTERS QUESTION
• Usually the historical centers are appropriated by poor people.
• During a long time nobody made investment in this part of this town.
• The result : a lot of historical center are poor
• Urban renewal policy could be a response
WHAT ABOUT URBAN ONTOLOGY
• Towntology tool could permite to translate these different situations.
Towntology
HIGH-RISE ESTATE
HISTORICALAPPROACH
ACTUALSITUATION
*******DEFINITION
Usualdefinition
Specializeddefinition
From 1955to 1970
From 1970to 1980
From 1980to 1990
From 1990to 2006
Socialsegregation
Economicdeseaster
HISTORICAL APPROACHFROM 1955 TO 1970
HIGH-RISEESTATE
CONSTRUCTIONFUNCTIONALISM
CRISIS
TOWNTOLOGY : UR
URBAN RENEWALPOLICY
FRENCHAPPROACH
ITALIANAPPROACH
SPANISHAPPROACH
HIGH –RISEESTATE
HISTORICALCENTRE
OTHERPART OF
TOWN
FRENCH HIGH RISE FLATS TOOLS
HIGH-RISEFLATS
POLITICTOOLS
FINANCIALTOOLS
JURIDICALTOOLS
DEMOLITIONRECONSTRUCTION
TOOLS
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