urban public marketecture
DESCRIPTION
Senior thesis book by Jeffrey Yip, Cal Poly San Luis Obispo architecture graduate. The year-long thesis involved designing a new urban public market for downtown Sacramento, California.TRANSCRIPT
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URBAN PUBLIC MARKET ectureJEFFREY YIP
CAL POLY SAN LUIS OBISPOARCHITECTURAL THESIS
BARRY WILLIAMS2010-2011
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Respect for food is a respect for life, for
who we are and what we do.
Thomas Keller
”“
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3urban publ ic marketecture
To my mother, father, and faithful dog
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Cooking, like architecture, manifests itself in building. The cook, like the architect, draws on an infinite array of creative resources which make it possible to create wonders from basic construction materials. But even using the finest marble or the best caviar, success is not guaranteed. Architecture, like cooking, evolves and lasts in the form of memories, tastes, and temperatures.
Ferran Adrià
”
“
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5contents
ON THE MENU
starters | ARCHITECTURAL THESIS 6
ARCHITECTURAL STATEMENT 8
NARRATIVE 10
THESIS STATEMENT 12
ABSTRACT 13
PROJECT STATEMENT 14
second course | CASE STUDIES 18
OXBOW PUBLIC MARKET 20
FERRY BUILDING 22
SANTA CATERINA MARKET 24
THE CORSON BUILDING 26
CELJE NEW MARKET 28
third course | SITE ANALYSIS 30
CLIMATE ANALYSIS 34
STREET VIEWS 38
SITE STRATEGIES 42
fourth course | DESIGN CONCEPTS 44
PARTI STUDIES 46
SKIN STUDIES 50
SECTION STUDIES 54
fifth course | PROGRAM 60
sixth course | PROCESS 66
PRAWN CONCEPT 68
STUDY MODELS 70
FACADE STUDIES 72
DETAIL MODEL 74
SKETCHES 76
seventh course | FINAL DESIGN 82
EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC 84
PLANS 85
IMAGES 86
accoutrements | FURNITURE 112
check please | BIBLIOGRAPHY 118
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starters
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architecturalthesis
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9archi tectural thesis
Throughout my course at architecture school, I have come to realize what architectural elements are most
important to me. It is my goal as a designer to create spaces that maintain strong connections to their context,
control light in fascinating ways, and exhibit a richness of details and materials.
I place tremendous value in the relationship between my building and its surrounding context. This
relationship is embodied through strong ties to the local culture, landscape, and community. I believe in creating
welcome additions to a site, not stark conflictions. I recognize a project site as an important tool in shaping my
designs so that it can seamlessly fit into the respective urban or rural environments. The materials and forms
an architect chooses are an expression of the building and a reflection of its surrounding nature, culture, and
people.
Another vital element to my architecture is the effect that light has during all times of the day. I
appreciate it when buildings use light as another facet in their design; many buildings would not be as successful
without the ways they capture or reflect light. I believe that light breathes life into a building, even if it were
empty and void of people. The play of light and shadow affect the perception of a space and can be one of the
most memorable experiences of a building.
I also believe an architect should have a high regard for both design and construction. This means
creating a simple but powerful design with a contemporary palette of wood, glass, concrete, and steel. I always
use materials that are fitting for the building’s environment; often they are designed with richness and exacting
detail and challenge traditional approaches. I am also intrigued with the details behind a building’s construction.
The connections or joints between multiple materials are meaningful to me, as they are critical to expressing a
successful design.
The context, light, and materiality of a building are all very significant in my approach to architecture.
They are fairly basic aspects of architecture, but they are vital to a project’s overall experience. It is no
wonder that many architects focus on these aspects in their design philosophy. I believe that a successful and
architecturally intriguing building must have strong ties to its context, manipulate light and shadow, and respect
design and construction.
ARCHITECTURAL STATEMENT
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11archi tectural thesis
Caught up in the bustling crowds, drawn to the unbelievable sights, sounds, and smells of food, I knew
at once I had arrived at the right place. It was the grown-up version of a candy store. Ahead of me lay a visual
feast of colors and textures that would make anyone smile. After all, who doesn’t enjoy food? With my bags in
tow, I set out to buy ingredients for tonight’s dinner.
As I begin my adventure, I am greeted by a fusion of sounds. I hear the rhythmic thudding and clacking
as crates of just-picked fruits and vegetables are being emptied and stacked. Vendors are shouting over one
another, proudly claiming that theirs really is the freshest and best. The sweet scents of flowers, herbs, and
pastries infuse the air and draw shoppers to the stalls. As I approach each merchant, my mouth waters at the
sight of the food on display. Oh, look at the beautiful marbling on that ribeye! But with a quick glance across
the hall, I spy an equally delicious halibut too. It’s too easy to get carried away here.
As I wind my way through the commotion of people, I come across several of my friends. Our shared love
of food frequently brings us to the marketplace. We also enjoy being immersed in the wide array of cultures.
As more people are realizing the benefits of eating locally and buying in season, this place has really grown into
being the new active center of our city.
After I make my final purchase of tomatoes and fennel, I begin the walk back from the public market to
my kitchen. As I stroll down the blocks, I look forward to creating a delicious meal that was grown and raised
not too far from my dining table. However, despite the tempting prospect of dinner, I secretly hope that I might
have forgotten something, giving me an excuse to “run to the market” and experience everything all over again.
NARRATIVE
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Despite their proximity to agricultural practices, many downtown cores lack
major permanent outlets for selling local foods to the public. These areas can be
improved with an urban public market that engages with the community, promotes
sustainable food practices, and showcases the local flavors.
THESIS STATEMENT
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13archi tectural thesis
Food cannot be enjoyed if it is not easily accessible to the public. Although located close to rich
agricultural lands, urban areas often lack a permanent place to provide people with fresh, locally sourced foods.
One of the major goals of this project is to create a bustling public market that provides this necessary space and
grows to become the heart of the city. The introduction of a public market can bring daily activity to a downtown
area and help revitalize its surrounding street life.
Initially, I will investigate built marketplaces and observe how they use varying spatial experiences, urban
renewal plans, and social ties to create successful buildings that have become the essence of their cities. I
intend to explore how the spaces and qualities of public markets affect the users’ senses through colors, smells,
sounds, volumes, and light; much in the same way that food affects a diner’s eating experience.
The lack of a daily cultural attraction can render a downtown area lifeless. People need a reason to visit,
shop, and eat downtown. A successful public market site should be centrally located and accessible to a variety
of workers, residents, and visitors. I intend to study a city’s daily flows and activities to determine a suitable
urban location where this market will thrive at all times of the day.
A public market’s success can be gauged by the improved quality of life that it provides to the surrounding
community. A building that promotes sustainable agriculture, emphasizes healthy lifestyles, and encourages
social interaction should have a positive influence on peoples’ health and happiness. Having a downtown location
will also promote more walking, bicycling, and public transit use, creating a lively and active community.
An urban public market should be appropriately scaled and catered to the population and area it serves.
I will further research marketplaces of various sizes and determine whether they successfully accommodate their
city’s population. A market should reflect its exciting local cultures through a wide array of goods, appealing to
an area’s diverse demographics. Both locals and visitors will have a tempting reason to visit the city center to
celebrate the simple, edible transactions of daily life.
ABSTRACT
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TYPOLOGY
One of the major goals of this project is to create a bustling public market that will become the heart of Sacramento—where the community participates in a longstanding tradition of buying directly from the grower, producer, or maker. This type of building will help revitalize downtown Sacramento by encouraging community interaction, promoting sustainable farming, and showcasing the local cultures. Like successful public markets around the world, Sacramento’s aims at becoming a civic and cultural icon and breathing life back into a neighborhood. This urban market will focus on selling fresh, local foods to the public and in turn become a daily cultural attraction for both locals and visitors.
CONTEXT
Currently the city only has farmer’s markets once a week, which are widely popular and demonstrate a need for an everyday market. A public market will fulfill this need and bring nearby agriculture closer to the people every day. A successful market site should be centrally located and accessible to weekday workers, weekend shoppers, and everyday residents. My site at J and 16th Streets is in between the commercial downtown center and the residential midtown neighborhood. This provides easy access for everyone at all times of the day.
PROJECT STATEMENT
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archi tectural thesis
ORGANIZATION
Through its interactive skin, infused air, and lively energy, this urban market will invite the public to enter and explore. The bustling activity and sensual qualities within the building will command the public’s attention from the street. The market’s fresh, local foods will be showcased through the architecture to provide awareness and to entice the senses. A market should be about the arrival at a place, not just the destination. This market will be organized for wandering and exploring, with meandering halls and a scattered assortment of merchants. Diverse spatial qualities will result from opening up parts of the building through cuts, peels, and slices.
THE LAY OF THE TABLE
THE MEAL
THE TRACE
THE LAY OF THE PLAN
SOCIAL RELEVANCE
A public market will emphasize the social interaction that occurs around food and its growth, sale, and consumption. The introduction of sustainable food practices to the downtown Sacramento community will promote healthier ways of life and contribute to an improved urban fabric. With Sacramento already recognized as one of the healthiest cities in the United States, workers, residents, and visitors will have even more incentives to walk, bike, or take public transit to the downtown and midtown neighborhoods.
PROJECT STATEMENT
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CULTURAL RELEVANCE
The market plays an immense role in the community as a daily cultural attraction. In addition to the art galleries, restaurants, performing arts, and nightlife in the downtown and midtown neighborhoods, a public market will offer an array of goods and attract both locals and visitors to reinforce a lively culture. The market itself should also reflect Sacramento’s diverse and exciting cultures, predominantly Hispanic, Asian, and African-American. My further research of gastronomy, the relationship between culture and food, will also aid in guiding my designs.
ECONOMIC RELEVANCE
Currently, Sacramento’s economic center is spread among various offices downtown and sprawling retail complexes in the suburbs. Public markets reestablish the city’s center and return it to being a hub of activity and commerce. The downtown and midtown areas lack a stimulating attraction for residents to visit regularly. A culinary and gastronomic center of daily activity fills this void and gives people a reason to visit, shop, and eat downtown. The building aims to bring economic vibrancy back to the area and once again celebrate the simple, edible transactions of daily life.
PROJECT STATEMENT
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archi tectural thesis
HISTORICAL RELEVANCE
Historically, open-air marketplaces have represented the center of urban activity, where people from around the city gathered, interacted, and shopped. Today, modern marketplaces utilize the newest materials and technology to continue the tradition of bringing fresh food to the public.
Sacramento’s original public market was designed by Julia Morgan and opened in 1923 at J and 13th Streets. For 51 years, the building served as the food shopping mecca of the city and buzzed with food sellers and customers. Afterward, the red-brick structure was reused as an office building. Since 2001, the old market building is now part of the Sheraton Grand Hotel, next to the convention center. The restored atrium now houses the hotel’s lobby, restaurants, bar, and meeting rooms.
My public market will be located only four blocks from this historical center of activity. The modern-day city center remains in almost the same location as it did decades ago. I am proposing a public market at a prominent intersection of Sacramento’s streets, neighborhoods, and attractions, with the hope that it will refocus the sprawling city back to a lively center.
PROJECT STATEMENT
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second course
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case studies
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case studies
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3case studies
The Oxbow Public Market was intended to become the
local gathering space for artisanal food and wine. The market
has helped revitalize the Oxbow district and bring new daily life
to downtown Napa. A scenic outdoor promenade also connects
the building to the Napa River. The market’s simple low-slung
shed and the adjacent brick clad wine pavilion are influenced by
classic agricultural buildings. The building was designed to be
almost transparent, where there is a seamless transition from one
merchant to the next.
I am especially researching this public market because its
size is roughly similar to my site area. It also consists of program
spaces very similar to my own project. I intend to learn how the
different spaces are distributed and their relationships to each other.
I will also look at how the market achieves its clear organization and
sight lines.
OXBOW PUBLIC MARKETNapa, CaliforniaBaldauf Catton & Von Eckartsberg Architects200840,000 SF
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case studies
The architectural rehabilitation of the historic, unused ferry
terminal was intended to give the building a new public life and
bring urban activity back to the waterfront. The redevelopment
consisted of 65,000 square feet of ground floor marketplace space
for gourmet food purveyors and restaurants. Above the market,
175,000 square feet of office space was redesigned on the second
and third floors.
SMWM successfuly merged the old and new. They restored the
building’s central nave to create a captivating, daylit public market
hall that has become a bustling gathering place. I appreciate that
the architect punctured the building with three major cross passages
to help create a permeable ground floor; doing this connected the
Embarcadero to the waterfront and infused life and character back
into the building. This is one of the best examples of a reused
building that transformed an unappealing neighborhood into one
of the city’s most active areas. A public market in Sacramento can
thrive in a city so rooted in agriculture, just as the Ferry Building
has become an icon in San Francisco’s food culture.
FERRY BUILDINGSan Francisco, CaliforniaSimon Martin-Vegue Winkelstein Moris2003238,000 SF
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case studies
The Santa Caterina Market was redesigned on the site of an
older covered market to help revitalize the surrounding community.
The building’s materials and spaces reflect a new modern life, but
also respect the historically-rich site and culture. EMBT created
an undulating, multicolored ceramic tile roof to cover the large
marketplace and capture the public’s attention. The colors represent
the vibrant fruits and vegetables available inside the building.
This is a great example of a building that improved its
surroundings by breathing life and activity back onto the streets.
The building’s iconic, encapsulating roof helped in making it a
prominent civic structure, something that my market strives for.
I would also like to research the architect’s urban renewal plan,
which encompassed the surrounding streets and plazas around the
market. This revitalization plan was immensely successful and
renewed one of Barcelona’s worst neighborhoods with vitality.
SANTA CATERINA MARKETBarcelona, SpainEMBT1848 / 2005310,000 SF
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case studies
The Corson Building is a historical house remade into a
community-centered restaurant, farm, and event space dedicated
to food and its direct connection to celebration, community, and
culture. Chef and owner Matthew Dillon tends on-site farms and
chickens. For the rest of his ingredients, he works with a close
group of local farmers, wine makers, fisherman, and artisans.
Without a menu and seated at communal dining tables, guests eat
whatever the chef serves that is in season and locally available.
Together they take part in a social experiment turned dinner party,
while sharing one of the few human experiences everyone has in
common: eating.
I plan on researching the social relevance of gastronomic
centers like the Corson Building. The intimate sharing and
discourse over food is a social phenomenon that occurs rarely in
buildings nowadays. My spaces will strive to encourage this kind
of social activity, where both the food and building are focused on
celebrating the local flavor and community.
THE CORSON BUILDINGSeattle, WashingtonMatthew Dillon1910 / 20082,000 SF
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case studies
The juxtaposed new and old markets represent the center of
urban activity in Celje. A large steel roof is divided into smaller
split-level surfaces that allow natural light to enter the market stalls
below. The roof surfaces also allow bridging of the entire building
span without intermediary supports. Neutral colored materials are
used to showcase the vibrancy of the market products themselves.
The market is designed as an extroverted urban area, a kind
of covered city square that is inextricably linked to the surrounding
urban space. The almost seamless transition between the market
and the surrounding city square is something I plan to research.
The open pavilion blurs the line between interior and exterior
space and allows the public to easily enter the building. The roof
design is also an intriguing way to let light into the middle of the
building, and I plan on looking at similar ways of daylighting and
ventilation.
CELJE NEW MARKETCelje, SloveniaArhitektura Krušec20094,400 SF
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third course
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site analysis
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ing les ide branch l ibrary2
CONTENTS
DOWNTOWN SITE
MIDTOWN
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33s i te analys is
SITE ANALYSIS
Sacramento is an ideal site for a new urban public market due to its Central Valley locale and potential for a lively downtown culture. Surrounded by abundant sources of foods, the downtown area currently lacks a daily marketplace to interact with the public and reinforce a “farm-to-table” approach to eating.
I have selected a 57,600 square foot site in downtown Sacramento. Situated at J Street and 16th Street, two of the city’s busiest thoroughfares, the public market responds to the commotion with an equally active energy. The site is centrally located between the commercial downtown center and the residential midtown neighborhood. This location makes it easily accessible to weekday workers, weekend shoppers, and everyday residents. The traffic, noise, and attention from the surrounding neighborhoods will complement the busy daily activity occurring inside.
The site is currently occupied by a Hertz car rental center and public parking lot, which do not reflect the active, culturally-rich area. Nearby restaurants, performing arts venues, and retail buildings have made the area very popular. However, the undeveloped paved car lot at my site is an eyesore that detracts from the surrounding structures, especially for the lofts and businesses across the street.
Being at prominent intersections of the city, the corners of my site have potential for becoming main entrances to the building. Additional openings in the interactive facades will also provide entrances around the building. Because the market will be built over 130 existing parking spaces, the building will have to provide a place to park, most likely with lots below ground. Sacramento’s pleasant climate and pedestrians also generate the need for both covered and outdoor market space.
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110°
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JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
HIGHEST TEMPERATURES AROUND 105° OCCUR IN JULY AND AUGUST
LOWEST TEMPERATURES AROUND 20° OCCUR IN DECEMBER AND JANUARY
MILDLY WET WINTER AND SPRING
VERY DRY SUMMER
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MILD WINDS PREDOMINANTLYFROM THE SOUTHWEST AND SOUTHEAST
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
CLOUDY DAYS
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JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
4.5”
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JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
HIGHEST TEMPERATURES AROUND 105° OCCUR IN JULY AND AUGUST
LOWEST TEMPERATURES AROUND 20° OCCUR IN DECEMBER AND JANUARY
MILDLY WET WINTER AND SPRING
VERY DRY SUMMER
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AVE
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JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
MILD WINDS PREDOMINANTLYFROM THE SOUTHWEST AND SOUTHEAST
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
CLOUDY DAYS
PARTLY CLOUDY DAYS
SUNNY DAYS
100%
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20%
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HIGH AND LOW TEMPERATURES
PRECIPITATION
CLIMATE ANALYSIS
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35s i te analys is
110°
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JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
4.5”
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JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
HIGHEST TEMPERATURES AROUND 105° OCCUR IN JULY AND AUGUST
LOWEST TEMPERATURES AROUND 20° OCCUR IN DECEMBER AND JANUARY
MILDLY WET WINTER AND SPRING
VERY DRY SUMMER
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JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
MILD WINDS PREDOMINANTLYFROM THE SOUTHWEST AND SOUTHEAST
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
CLOUDY DAYS
PARTLY CLOUDY DAYS
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JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
4.5”
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JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
HIGHEST TEMPERATURES AROUND 105° OCCUR IN JULY AND AUGUST
LOWEST TEMPERATURES AROUND 20° OCCUR IN DECEMBER AND JANUARY
MILDLY WET WINTER AND SPRING
VERY DRY SUMMER
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AVE
RA
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JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
MILD WINDS PREDOMINANTLYFROM THE SOUTHWEST AND SOUTHEAST
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
CLOUDY DAYS
PARTLY CLOUDY DAYS
SUNNY DAYS
100%
80%
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WIND SPEEDS
SKY COVER
CLIMATE ANALYSIS
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CONTENTS
SITE COLLAGE
This collage interprets the city grid of downtown Sacramento and the nearby points of interest, such as restaurants, performance venues, places to live, and places to work. The collage transforms from an aerial view to a perspective view and represents the current rental car center and parking lots as white, unfulfilled space.
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s i te analys is
EXISTING POINTS OF INTEREST
RESTAURANTS ARTS & ENTERTAINMENT RESIDENTIAL COMMERCIAL
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J STREET
K STREET
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ALLEY
VIEW
J STREET
K STREET
17
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ALLEYVIEW
STREET VIEW 1
from southwest cornerof 16th & K
STREET VIEW 2
looking north along 16th
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CONTENTS
39s i te analys is
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s i te analys is
J STREET
K STREET
17
TH
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16
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ALLEY
VIEW
J STREET
K STREET
17
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VIEW
STREET VIEW 3
from northwest corner
of 16th & J
STREET VIEW 4
looking south from J
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SITE STRATEGIES
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s i te analys is
SITE STRATEGIES
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fourth course
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design concepts
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PARTI STUDIES
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design concepts
STIRRING THE COMMUNITYcontext
This parti represents the surrounding neighborhood visiting and being drawn to the public market. All kinds of
people will be able to use the market, including workers, residents, and visitors. The foods that it provides are universally
attractive to the entire community.
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ORGANIZED FOR EXPLORATIONtypology
A public market usually houses similarly sized spaces for selling a wide variety of foods. The modular cubes
represent the similar form of various vendors and merchants, but the different colored foods and herbs show that the things
being sold can vary greatly. The organization of a market is also scattered and almost random to encourage wandering,
adventure, and getting lost. Stumbling upon a fantastic food merchant is half of the fun involved in shopping.
PARTI STUDIES
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design concepts
SLICES OF SPACEcomposite
The yam is peeled, sliced, and opened much in the way a public market should spill out and interact with the
surrounding streets. The variety of openings, enclosures, and interesting spaces that result from cutting and peeling back
the facade help create an intriguing building.
PARTI STUDIES
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SKIN STUDIES
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design concepts
INFUSIONJust as you can smell a delicious meal from far away
in the kitchen, a public market should also be noticed
from a distance through its scents. A permeable facade
allows the appealing smells and sounds of market activity
to spread throughout the building and around it, while also
providing ample ventilation. Stimulated by nearby aromas
and commotion, the public will be intrigued to interact with
the marketplace.
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EXPOSUREIn order to gain public attention and awareness, a
public market should be clearly visible and open to the
outside streets and sidewalks. Blurring the separation
between interior and exterior, the openness that results
is an invitation for the public to enter and explore. In
addition, publicizing the building through integrated
signage attracts the public, announces what happens
inside, and gives the market an iconic status and identity
within the community.
SKIN STUDIES
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design concepts
GROWTHA living, green wall reflects the importance of
local and sustainable farming, a key aspect to a thriving
marketplace. The plants growing on the walls embody the
farm-to-table approach, where food does not travel far from
where it was grown and raised. Vertical gardens will harvest
some produce for vendors and provide thermal benefits for
the building, but more importantly they provide public
knowledge of the growing trends in urban farming.
SKIN STUDIES
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SECTION STUDIES
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3design concepts
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The public market space should be a large, open area that showcases the bustling activity inside. Market goods and customers should be visible from most areas of the building. The second floor will act as a mezzanine and overlook the market space from a more casual setting, maintaining interaction between levels.
A structure consisting of curved steel trusses will be necessary to achieve this large open span. The exterior skin should protect the public from the outside weather, but still allow daylight and natural ventilation through skylights and glazed street-facing facades. The building’s mechanical systems can be integrated into the structure so as not to distract from the pure architecture. The large open market space does not require heavy ventilation; a ventilated core of service space on the east side is only necessary. Artificial lighting will also be incorporated into
OPEN SPACEthe structure to showcase the market stalls and activity. The public will also feel more comfortable with natural materials such as wood and living green walls.
The cheese grater acts as an innovative permeable skin that can filter light, sound, and scents. It will be a common material in my building because of its light appearance and ability to connect spaces through infusion.
Spatially and acoustically, the overarching roof structure should convey to the public that they are under one large roof, whether they are eating in a restaurant, wandering through market stalls, or learning in a cooking class. Clear visibility, spatial understanding, and a lack of interior walls and columns reassures people that they are in the same building and very much a part of the activity.
UNDERGROUND PARKING
PUBLIC MARKET SPACE 16th ST.SERVICE /STORAGE
MEZZANINE RETAIL
SECTION STUDIES
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A clear connection with food sources promotes the building’s strong dedication to local foods. The second floor culinary center and restaurant will utilize the adjacent garden deck for some their ingredients. This emphasizes harvesting foods straight from their source to the kitchen and to the plate. The edible roof deck will be visible from the street, ground floor, and restaurant dining tables. The interaction among these spaces embodies the farm-to-table approach and will make the public more aware of sustainable agricultural practices.
The culinary center and restaurant will be lifted above the public market space, requiring a sturdy floor structure. A transparent skin will allow clear visibility to
LOCALIZED FOODthe rest of the building, so that the public can see what happens inside the kitchens. Additionally, clear glazing between the restaurant, culinary center, and garden will reinforce the close proximity to food sources and also provide generous natural lighting. Both the restaurant and teaching kitchens will require industrial-style ventilation, lighting, electrical, and plumbing systems, which should be concealed within the wall, floor, and roof structures. The interior spaces should evoke modern workshops that are outfitted with the most up-to-date equipment and filled with natural light, encouraging people to watch, learn, and cook together.
RESTAURANTEDIBLE
ROOF DECK
PUBLIC MARKET OUTDOOR MARKET K ST.
SECTION STUDIES
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design concepts 59
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fifth course
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program
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SITE AREA: 57,600 SF
TOTAL BUILDING AREA: 141,020 SF
PROGRAM LAYOUT
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63program
CULINARY CENTER
The culinary center on the second floor will provide an immersive learning experience for the public. Culinary students will train and cook in a large, open kitchen classroom. The 3,400 square foot classroom will have commercial equipment, proper ventilation, and be near one of the restaurants. Students from the culinary class may be moving between the restaurant kitchen and the classroom, so they should be close by. These classes will be visible to the public through perforated metal screens that will also pass scents and sounds. Students will utilize the garden deck for some of their ingredients. The cooking methods taught in the classes will emphasize the sustainable practices the entire building exhibits.
An 850 square foot demonstration kitchen will also be open to passersby. Teachers and visiting chefs can take the stage and perform a cooking demonstration to an audience seated amphitheater-style.
RESTAURANTS
There will be two restaurants that embody sustainable agricultural practices. They will cook with the seasonal, local ingredients found in the market and picked from the on-site garden deck. A 3,200 square foot casual restaurant will be located off of J Street on the ground floor to complement the popular neighboring eateries. With sidewalk tables and an open facade, this restaurant will encourage people to stroll off of the street and into the dining room.
On the second floor will be a 3,300 square foot farm-to-table restaurant that focuses on the close connection between a food’s source, its preparation, and its consumption. Clear views from the dining room to the open kitchen, outdoor garden deck, and green wall will reinforce the sustainable and healthy cooking methods. An outdoor patio will also provide a pleasant spot overlooking busy downtown Sacramento.
PROGRAM STATEMENT
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PUBLIC MARKET SPACE
The public marketplace will be the heart of the building, showcasing the foods from around the region. Moveable modular stalls or pavilions will be home to the individual vendors of cheese, wine, flowers, and other artisanal goods. A market serving Sacramento’s population of about 460,000 people should have between 20 and 30 of these spaces, each approximately 200 square feet. They will be organized in a scattered manner as to encourage exploration throughout the market. Some will be in the middle of the space and very public, while others will be against a wall.
RETAIL SPACE
Along the slowly rising mezzanine ramp are three large retail spaces averaging 800 square feet each. Unlike the market stalls on the ground floor, these shops will sell more packaged products and hard goods such as cooking equipment, spices, wine, and coffee. Lightly separating the retail spaces from the ramp are low perforated metal screens as found in the rest of the building.
ROOF / GARDEN DECKS
On the north side of the second floor is a partially-covered roof deck for guests and market staff to relax and admire the city. A wood slatted roof allows a fitting combination of daylight and shade.
The 8,500 square foot edible garden deck on the south side provides growing space for herbs, fruits, and vegetables to be used in the culinary center and restaurant. Students and chefs will venture onto the deck to pick an ingredient at its peak freshness and prepare it in the kitchen. A roof overhang provides necessary shading for most of the planters.
PROGRAM STATEMENT
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program
SERVICE / STORAGE / DELIVERY SPACE
An accessible but more private way for trucks to make deliveries is necessary. This service space cannot be placed on a main street due to the traffic. Therefore, trucks should enter the building’s covered delivery space from the east via J-K Street Alley. This delivery space will be adjacent to the market’s core service space, which includes refrigerators, freezers, food storage rooms, restrooms, and administrative offices. Public market access and freight elevators off of the delivery and service space also allow easy transportation of supplies.
OUTDOOR MARKET SPACE
An outdoor public space is necessary to take advantage of Sacramento’s pleasant climate. The outdoor market space will be located on the south side of the building at the corner of 16th Street and K Street, to take advantage of sun exposure and strong street presence. During market hours, merchants may relocate their stalls and set up in the outdoor plaza to encourage an active street scene. At night, the outdoor space has the potential to hold a night market and continue drawing in people from the neighboring restaurants and nightlife activities. During non-market hours, this area can become a community gathering place.
UNDERGROUND PARKING
Since the market will be taking over 130 existing public parking spaces, a new parking lot will be incorporated underneath the building. Although driving is not encouraged, the parking demand will increase with the addition of a new area attraction. The 69,000 square foot underground floor will provide 155 new parking spaces. Perforated metal panels on the ground will also allow daylighting down to the parking level.
PROGRAM STATEMENT
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sixth course
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process
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CIRCULATIONThe organic shape and movement of a prawn plays a large role in driving
my public market’s design. The crustacean’s curling body is interpreted by a long, segmented ramp that begins at the northwest entry and encourages a slower, more subtle transition to the second floor spaces. Wandering and exploration are encouraged by the curving circulation paths and open plan. Along the way, the mezzanine ramp offers visitors expansive views overlooking the public market activity below, including small balconies at each landing. The first floor market space becomes a stage for the performance of food, on display for all to experience.
PRAWN CONCEPT
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process
ROOF STRUCTUREThe prawn’s undulating shell also led to the development of the building’s
organic roof structure. The column-free interior and curved steel trusses are an extrusion of the prawn’s exoskeletal structure. Divided into 7 sections, the roof mirrors the divided shell segments in the body. Despite the segmented nature however, both the shell and roof remain continuous as a whole. The roof is highest over the public market space and lowest over more intimate spaces such as the restaurant and roof deck. Furthermore, slitting and splitting the roof into several segments allows for clerestory windows, stack ventilation, and surfaces for photovoltaic panels.
PRAWN CONCEPT
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STUDY MODELS
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3process
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WEST FACADE’S SUN EXPOSURE
JUNE 21, 2PMVERY MILD EXPOSURE
JUNE 21, 3PMSOME EXPOSURE
JUNE 21, 4PMHARSHEST EXPOSURE
JUNE 21, 5PMHARSH EXPOSURE
The west facade of the public market experiences the harshest sun exposure, especially in the late afternoon as the sun sets in the summer. A shading study was performed to determine what areas of the west facade needed to be protected, whether it was by the roof overhang, ground level bifold doors, or operable horizontal louvers.
The highest portion of glazing is shaded by the roof overhang, allowing it to be more open. The middle portion of glazing is the most exposed and requires continuous shading through operable horizontal louvers. The lower portion is shaded by the bifold doors, which create an street level awning.
SHADING DEVICES AT WORKDURING HARSHEST SUN EXPOSURE
FACADE STUDIES
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process
FACADE STUDIES
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ing les ide branch l ibrary2
CONTENTS
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CONTENTSFACADE / ROOF DETAIL MODEL
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SKETCHES
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process
SKETCHES
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SKETCHES
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process
SECTION PROCESS
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SKETCHES
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process
ROOF PROCESS
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seventh course
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final design
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EXPLODED AXONOMETRIC
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f inal design
UNDERGROUND FLOOR PLANSCALE: 1/64” = 1’-0”
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J STREET
16
TH
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K STREET
FIRST FLOOR PLANSCALE: 1/64” = 1’-0”
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f inal design
J STREET
16
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K STREET
SECOND FLOOR PLANSCALE: 1/64” = 1’-0”
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VIEW OF NORTHWEST CORNER / J ST. & 16TH ST.
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f inal design 89
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ing les ide branch l ibrary2
CONTENTS
VIEW OF SOUTHWEST CORNER / K ST. & 16TH ST.
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CONTENTS
91f inal design
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SECTION MODEL
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CONTENTS
f inal design
SECTION MODEL
OVERLOOKING RESTAURANT, CULINARY CENTER, EDIBLE GARDEN DECK
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3f inal designLOOKING SOUTH
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SECTION MODEL
GREEN STAIR
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3f inal designEDIBLE GARDEN DECK & KITCHEN
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ing les ide branch l ibrary2
WEST ELEVATION FROM 16th STREET
SECTION A LOOKING EAST
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SOUTH ELEVATION FROM K STREET
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f inal design
NORTH ELEVATION FROM J STREET
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ing les ide branch l ibrary2
CONTENTS
SECTION B LOOKING SOUTH
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CONTENTS
VIEW OF INTERIOR ENTRY
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CONTENTS
f inal design 105f inal design
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VIEW OF DEMONSTRATION KITCHEN AND CLASSROOM
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3107f inal design
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VIEW OF RESTAURANT BEFORE DINNER SERVICE
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109f inal design
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ing les ide branch l ibrary2
CONTENTS
VIEW OF NIGHT MARKET ACTIVITY
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CONTENTS
ing les ide branch l ibrary 3111f inal design
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accoutrements
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furniture
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CONTENTS
I rarely have the opportunity to build things at a tangible human scale. I constructed a comfortable and contemporary chair for Vellum, a local furniture design competition. The purpose of a chair can be reduced to being a place for your back, legs, and arms to sit and relax. Countless chairs have been designed to the extremes—overly embellished, wrongly proportioned, and uncomfortably stiff. Instead, I designed a chair that evokes simplicity and openness.
Two intersecting cubes are represented in the chair’s form—the wood structure and the suspended seat. The pine frame is held together with dowels that are countersunk into each joint. Each piece plays a crucial role to the chair’s structure and concept. If the chair were missing even one dowel joint, piece of wood, or cushion component, the chair would be far less clear or practical than it is whole. Sitting in this chair should be a natural and relaxing movement, with soft and functional proportions.
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furni ture 3furni ture 115
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117
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bibliography
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bibl iography 119
p. 1 photo Jeffrey Yipp. 2 photo www.flickr.comp. 2 quotation www.frenchlaundry.comp. 4 photo www.flickr.comp. 4 quotation Tasting Architecture, Jamie Horwitzp. 6-7 photo collage Jeffrey Yipp. 8 photo Jeffrey Yipp. 10 image Jeffrey Yipp. 12 photo Jeffrey Yipp. 13 photos Jeffrey Yipp. 14 image 9 Stock Orchard Street, Sarah Wigglesworthp. 16 photos Jeffrey Yip / www.flickr.comp. 18-19 photo Oxbow Public Market, www.flickr.comp. 20-21 photos www.flickr.comp. 21 plan www.oxbowpublicmarket.comp. 22-23 photos www.flickr.comp. 23 drawings www.archrecord.construction.comp. 24-25 photos www.flickr.comp. 26-27 photos www.thecorsonbuilding.comp. 28-29 photos www.flickr.com / www.archdaily.comp. 30-31 photo Jeffrey Yipp. 32 maps www.bing.com/mapsp. 34-35 information http://www.wrcc.dri.edup. 38-41 photos Jeffrey Yipp. 44 photo www.flickr.comp. 45-48 photos Jeffrey Yipp. 49 photos www.flickr.comp. 60 photo www.flickr.comp. 63-65 images Jeffrey Yip / www.flickr.comp. 66 photo www.flickr.comp. 82 www.flickr.comp. 112-113 photo www.flickr.comp. 114-117 photos Jeffrey Yipp. 118 photo www.flickr.com
Copyright © 2011 / Jeffrey YipPublished by Lulu in the United States
All rights reserved. No images created by the author may bereproduced in any form without written consent of the author.
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